bpf: Adjust BPF stack helper functions to accommodate skip > 0

Let's say that the caller has storage for num_elem stack frames. Then,
the BPF stack helper functions walk the stack for only num_elem frames.
This means that if skip > 0, one keeps only 'num_elem - skip' frames.

This is because it sets init_nr in the perf_callchain_entry to the end
of the buffer to save num_elem entries only. I believe it was because
the perf callchain code unwound the stack frames until it reached the
global max size (sysctl_perf_event_max_stack).

However it now has perf_callchain_entry_ctx.max_stack to limit the
iteration locally. This simplifies the code to handle init_nr in the
BPF callstack entries and removes the confusion with the perf_event's
__PERF_SAMPLE_CALLCHAIN_EARLY which sets init_nr to 0.

Also change the comment on bpf_get_stack() in the header file to be
more explicit what the return value means.

Fixes: c195651e565a ("bpf: add bpf_get_stack helper")
Signed-off-by: Namhyung Kim <[e-mail]>
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <[e-mail]>
Acked-by: Yonghong Song <[e-mail]>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/[e-mail]
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/[e-mail]

Based-on-patch-by: Eugene Loh <[e-mail]>

include/uapi/linux/bpf.h

···
  *
  * 			# sysctl kernel.perf_event_max_stack=<new value>
  * 	Return
- * 		A non-negative value equal to or less than *size* on success,
- * 		or a negative error in case of failure.
+ * 		The non-negative copied *buf* length equal to or less than
+ * 		*size* on success, or a negative error in case of failure.
  *
  * long bpf_skb_load_bytes_relative(const void *skb, u32 offset, void *to, u32 len, u32 start_header)
  * 	Description
···
  *
  *			# sysctl kernel.perf_event_max_stack=<new value>
  *	Return
- *		A non-negative value equal to or less than *size* on success,
- *		or a negative error in case of failure.
+ * 		The non-negative copied *buf* length equal to or less than
+ * 		*size* on success, or a negative error in case of failure.
  *
  * long bpf_load_hdr_opt(struct bpf_sock_ops *skops, void *searchby_res, u32 len, u64 flags)
  *	Description

kernel/bpf/stackmap.c

···
 }
 
 static struct perf_callchain_entry *
-get_callchain_entry_for_task(struct task_struct *task, u32 init_nr)
+get_callchain_entry_for_task(struct task_struct *task, u32 max_depth)
 {
 #ifdef CONFIG_STACKTRACE
 	struct perf_callchain_entry *entry;
···
 	if (!entry)
 		return NULL;
 
-	entry->nr = init_nr +
-		stack_trace_save_tsk(task, (unsigned long *)(entry->ip + init_nr),
-				     sysctl_perf_event_max_stack - init_nr, 0);
+	entry->nr = stack_trace_save_tsk(task, (unsigned long *)entry->ip,
+					 max_depth, 0);
 
 	/* stack_trace_save_tsk() works on unsigned long array, while
 	 * perf_callchain_entry uses u64 array. For 32-bit systems, it is
···
 		int i;
 
 		/* copy data from the end to avoid using extra buffer */
-		for (i = entry->nr - 1; i >= (int)init_nr; i--)
+		for (i = entry->nr - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 			to[i] = (u64)(from[i]);
 	}
 
···
 {
 	struct bpf_stack_map *smap = container_of(map, struct bpf_stack_map, map);
 	struct stack_map_bucket *bucket, *new_bucket, *old_bucket;
-	u32 max_depth = map->value_size / stack_map_data_size(map);
-	/* stack_map_alloc() checks that max_depth <= sysctl_perf_event_max_stack */
-	u32 init_nr = sysctl_perf_event_max_stack - max_depth;
 	u32 skip = flags & BPF_F_SKIP_FIELD_MASK;
 	u32 hash, id, trace_nr, trace_len;
 	bool user = flags & BPF_F_USER_STACK;
 	u64 *ips;
 	bool hash_matches;
 
-	/* get_perf_callchain() guarantees that trace->nr >= init_nr
-	 * and trace-nr <= sysctl_perf_event_max_stack, so trace_nr <= max_depth
-	 */
-	trace_nr = trace->nr - init_nr;
-
-	if (trace_nr <= skip)
+	if (trace->nr <= skip)
 		/* skipping more than usable stack trace */
 		return -EFAULT;
 
-	trace_nr -= skip;
+	trace_nr = trace->nr - skip;
 	trace_len = trace_nr * sizeof(u64);
-	ips = trace->ip + skip + init_nr;
+	ips = trace->ip + skip;
 	hash = jhash2((u32 *)ips, trace_len / sizeof(u32), 0);
 	id = hash & (smap->n_buckets - 1);
 	bucket = READ_ONCE(smap->buckets[id]);
···
 	   u64, flags)
 {
 	u32 max_depth = map->value_size / stack_map_data_size(map);
-	/* stack_map_alloc() checks that max_depth <= sysctl_perf_event_max_stack */
-	u32 init_nr = sysctl_perf_event_max_stack - max_depth;
+	u32 skip = flags & BPF_F_SKIP_FIELD_MASK;
 	bool user = flags & BPF_F_USER_STACK;
 	struct perf_callchain_entry *trace;
 	bool kernel = !user;
···
 			       BPF_F_FAST_STACK_CMP | BPF_F_REUSE_STACKID)))
 		return -EINVAL;
 
-	trace = get_perf_callchain(regs, init_nr, kernel, user,
-				   sysctl_perf_event_max_stack, false, false);
+	max_depth += skip;
+	if (max_depth > sysctl_perf_event_max_stack)
+		max_depth = sysctl_perf_event_max_stack;
+
+	trace = get_perf_callchain(regs, 0, kernel, user, max_depth,
+				   false, false);
 
 	if (unlikely(!trace))
 		/* couldn't fetch the stack trace */
···
 			    struct perf_callchain_entry *trace_in,
 			    void *buf, u32 size, u64 flags)
 {
-	u32 init_nr, trace_nr, copy_len, elem_size, num_elem;
+	u32 trace_nr, copy_len, elem_size, num_elem, max_depth;
 	bool user_build_id = flags & BPF_F_USER_BUILD_ID;
 	u32 skip = flags & BPF_F_SKIP_FIELD_MASK;
 	bool user = flags & BPF_F_USER_STACK;
···
 		goto err_fault;
 
 	num_elem = size / elem_size;
-	if (sysctl_perf_event_max_stack < num_elem)
-		init_nr = 0;
-	else
-		init_nr = sysctl_perf_event_max_stack - num_elem;
+	max_depth = num_elem + skip;
+	if (sysctl_perf_event_max_stack < max_depth)
+		max_depth = sysctl_perf_event_max_stack;
 
 	if (trace_in)
 		trace = trace_in;
 	else if (kernel && task)
-		trace = get_callchain_entry_for_task(task, init_nr);
+		trace = get_callchain_entry_for_task(task, max_depth);
 	else
-		trace = get_perf_callchain(regs, init_nr, kernel, user,
-					   sysctl_perf_event_max_stack,
+		trace = get_perf_callchain(regs, 0, kernel, user, max_depth,
 					   false, false);
 	if (unlikely(!trace))
 		goto err_fault;
 
-	trace_nr = trace->nr - init_nr;
-	if (trace_nr < skip)
+	if (trace->nr < skip)
 		goto err_fault;
 
-	trace_nr -= skip;
+	trace_nr = trace->nr - skip;
 	trace_nr = (trace_nr <= num_elem) ? trace_nr : num_elem;
 	copy_len = trace_nr * elem_size;
-	ips = trace->ip + skip + init_nr;
+
+	ips = trace->ip + skip;
 	if (user && user_build_id)
 		stack_map_get_build_id_offset(buf, ips, trace_nr, user);
 	else