Merge branch 'linux-next' of git://git.infradead.org/ubifs-2.6

* 'linux-next' of git://git.infradead.org/ubifs-2.6: (52 commits)
UBIFS: switch to dynamic printks
UBIFS: fix kernel-doc comments
UBIFS: fix extremely rare mount failure
UBIFS: simplify LEB recovery function further
UBIFS: always cleanup the recovered LEB
UBIFS: clean up LEB recovery function
UBIFS: fix-up free space on mount if flag is set
UBIFS: add the fixup function
UBIFS: add a superblock flag for free space fix-up
UBIFS: share the next_log_lnum helper
UBIFS: expect corruption only in last journal head LEBs
UBIFS: synchronize write-buffer before switching to the next bud
UBIFS: remove BUG statement
UBIFS: change bud replay function conventions
UBIFS: substitute the replay tree with a replay list
UBIFS: simplify replay
UBIFS: store free and dirty space in the bud replay entry
UBIFS: remove unnecessary stack variable
UBIFS: double check that buds are replied in order
UBIFS: make 2 functions static
...

Documentation/filesystems/ubifs.txt

···
 Module Parameters for Debugging
 ===============================
 
-When UBIFS has been compiled with debugging enabled, there are 3 module
+When UBIFS has been compiled with debugging enabled, there are 2 module
 parameters that are available to control aspects of testing and debugging.
-The parameters are unsigned integers where each bit controls an option.
-The parameters are:
-
-debug_msgs	Selects which debug messages to display, as follows:
-
-		Message Type				Flag value
-
-		General messages			1
-		Journal messages			2
-		Mount messages				4
-		Commit messages				8
-		LEB search messages			16
-		Budgeting messages			32
-		Garbage collection messages		64
-		Tree Node Cache (TNC) messages		128
-		LEB properties (lprops) messages	256
-		Input/output messages			512
-		Log messages				1024
-		Scan messages				2048
-		Recovery messages			4096
 
 debug_chks	Selects extra checks that UBIFS can do while running:
 
···
 
 		Test mode				Flag value
 
-		Force in-the-gaps method		2
 		Failure mode for recovery testing	4
 
-For example, set debug_msgs to 5 to display General messages and Mount
-messages.
+For example, set debug_chks to 3 to enable general and TNC checks.
 
 
 References

fs/ubifs/budget.c

···
 	long long liab;
 
 	spin_lock(&c->space_lock);
-	liab = c->budg_idx_growth + c->budg_data_growth + c->budg_dd_growth;
+	liab = c->bi.idx_growth + c->bi.data_growth + c->bi.dd_growth;
 	spin_unlock(&c->space_lock);
 	return liab;
 }
···
 	int idx_lebs;
 	long long idx_size;
 
-	idx_size = c->old_idx_sz + c->budg_idx_growth + c->budg_uncommitted_idx;
+	idx_size = c->bi.old_idx_sz + c->bi.idx_growth + c->bi.uncommitted_idx;
 	/* And make sure we have thrice the index size of space reserved */
 	idx_size += idx_size << 1;
 	/*
···
  * budgeted index space to the size of the current index, multiplies this by 3,
  * and makes sure this does not exceed the amount of free LEBs.
  *
- * Notes about @c->min_idx_lebs and @c->lst.idx_lebs variables:
+ * Notes about @c->bi.min_idx_lebs and @c->lst.idx_lebs variables:
  * o @c->lst.idx_lebs is the number of LEBs the index currently uses. It might
  *    be large, because UBIFS does not do any index consolidation as long as
  *    there is free space. IOW, the index may take a lot of LEBs, but the LEBs
  *    will contain a lot of dirt.
- * o @c->min_idx_lebs is the number of LEBS the index presumably takes. IOW,
- *    the index may be consolidated to take up to @c->min_idx_lebs LEBs.
+ * o @c->bi.min_idx_lebs is the number of LEBS the index presumably takes. IOW,
+ *    the index may be consolidated to take up to @c->bi.min_idx_lebs LEBs.
  *
  * This function returns zero in case of success, and %-ENOSPC in case of
  * failure.
···
 	       c->lst.taken_empty_lebs;
 	if (unlikely(rsvd_idx_lebs > lebs)) {
 		dbg_budg("out of indexing space: min_idx_lebs %d (old %d), "
-			 "rsvd_idx_lebs %d", min_idx_lebs, c->min_idx_lebs,
+			 "rsvd_idx_lebs %d", min_idx_lebs, c->bi.min_idx_lebs,
 			 rsvd_idx_lebs);
 		return -ENOSPC;
 	}
 
 	available = ubifs_calc_available(c, min_idx_lebs);
-	outstanding = c->budg_data_growth + c->budg_dd_growth;
+	outstanding = c->bi.data_growth + c->bi.dd_growth;
 
 	if (unlikely(available < outstanding)) {
 		dbg_budg("out of data space: available %lld, outstanding %lld",
···
 	if (available - outstanding <= c->rp_size && !can_use_rp(c))
 		return -ENOSPC;
 
-	c->min_idx_lebs = min_idx_lebs;
+	c->bi.min_idx_lebs = min_idx_lebs;
 	return 0;
 }
 
···
 {
 	int data_growth;
 
-	data_growth = req->new_ino  ? c->inode_budget : 0;
+	data_growth = req->new_ino  ? c->bi.inode_budget : 0;
 	if (req->new_page)
-		data_growth += c->page_budget;
+		data_growth += c->bi.page_budget;
 	if (req->new_dent)
-		data_growth += c->dent_budget;
+		data_growth += c->bi.dent_budget;
 	data_growth += req->new_ino_d;
 	return data_growth;
 }
···
 {
 	int dd_growth;
 
-	dd_growth = req->dirtied_page ? c->page_budget : 0;
+	dd_growth = req->dirtied_page ? c->bi.page_budget : 0;
 
 	if (req->dirtied_ino)
-		dd_growth += c->inode_budget << (req->dirtied_ino - 1);
+		dd_growth += c->bi.inode_budget << (req->dirtied_ino - 1);
 	if (req->mod_dent)
-		dd_growth += c->dent_budget;
+		dd_growth += c->bi.dent_budget;
 	dd_growth += req->dirtied_ino_d;
 	return dd_growth;
 }
···
 
 again:
 	spin_lock(&c->space_lock);
-	ubifs_assert(c->budg_idx_growth >= 0);
-	ubifs_assert(c->budg_data_growth >= 0);
-	ubifs_assert(c->budg_dd_growth >= 0);
+	ubifs_assert(c->bi.idx_growth >= 0);
+	ubifs_assert(c->bi.data_growth >= 0);
+	ubifs_assert(c->bi.dd_growth >= 0);
 
-	if (unlikely(c->nospace) && (c->nospace_rp || !can_use_rp(c))) {
+	if (unlikely(c->bi.nospace) && (c->bi.nospace_rp || !can_use_rp(c))) {
 		dbg_budg("no space");
 		spin_unlock(&c->space_lock);
 		return -ENOSPC;
 	}
 
-	c->budg_idx_growth += idx_growth;
-	c->budg_data_growth += data_growth;
-	c->budg_dd_growth += dd_growth;
+	c->bi.idx_growth += idx_growth;
+	c->bi.data_growth += data_growth;
+	c->bi.dd_growth += dd_growth;
 
 	err = do_budget_space(c);
 	if (likely(!err)) {
···
 	}
 
 	/* Restore the old values */
-	c->budg_idx_growth -= idx_growth;
-	c->budg_data_growth -= data_growth;
-	c->budg_dd_growth -= dd_growth;
+	c->bi.idx_growth -= idx_growth;
+	c->bi.data_growth -= data_growth;
+	c->bi.dd_growth -= dd_growth;
 	spin_unlock(&c->space_lock);
 
 	if (req->fast) {
···
 			goto again;
 		}
 		dbg_budg("FS is full, -ENOSPC");
-		c->nospace = 1;
+		c->bi.nospace = 1;
 		if (can_use_rp(c) || c->rp_size == 0)
-			c->nospace_rp = 1;
+			c->bi.nospace_rp = 1;
 		smp_wmb();
 	} else
 		ubifs_err("cannot budget space, error %d", err);
···
  * This function releases the space budgeted by 'ubifs_budget_space()'. Note,
  * since the index changes (which were budgeted for in @req->idx_growth) will
  * only be written to the media on commit, this function moves the index budget
- * from @c->budg_idx_growth to @c->budg_uncommitted_idx. The latter will be
- * zeroed by the commit operation.
+ * from @c->bi.idx_growth to @c->bi.uncommitted_idx. The latter will be zeroed
+ * by the commit operation.
  */
 void ubifs_release_budget(struct ubifs_info *c, struct ubifs_budget_req *req)
 {
···
 	if (!req->data_growth && !req->dd_growth)
 		return;
 
-	c->nospace = c->nospace_rp = 0;
+	c->bi.nospace = c->bi.nospace_rp = 0;
 	smp_wmb();
 
 	spin_lock(&c->space_lock);
-	c->budg_idx_growth -= req->idx_growth;
-	c->budg_uncommitted_idx += req->idx_growth;
-	c->budg_data_growth -= req->data_growth;
-	c->budg_dd_growth -= req->dd_growth;
-	c->min_idx_lebs = ubifs_calc_min_idx_lebs(c);
+	c->bi.idx_growth -= req->idx_growth;
+	c->bi.uncommitted_idx += req->idx_growth;
+	c->bi.data_growth -= req->data_growth;
+	c->bi.dd_growth -= req->dd_growth;
+	c->bi.min_idx_lebs = ubifs_calc_min_idx_lebs(c);
 
-	ubifs_assert(c->budg_idx_growth >= 0);
-	ubifs_assert(c->budg_data_growth >= 0);
-	ubifs_assert(c->budg_dd_growth >= 0);
-	ubifs_assert(c->min_idx_lebs < c->main_lebs);
-	ubifs_assert(!(c->budg_idx_growth & 7));
-	ubifs_assert(!(c->budg_data_growth & 7));
-	ubifs_assert(!(c->budg_dd_growth & 7));
+	ubifs_assert(c->bi.idx_growth >= 0);
+	ubifs_assert(c->bi.data_growth >= 0);
+	ubifs_assert(c->bi.dd_growth >= 0);
+	ubifs_assert(c->bi.min_idx_lebs < c->main_lebs);
+	ubifs_assert(!(c->bi.idx_growth & 7));
+	ubifs_assert(!(c->bi.data_growth & 7));
+	ubifs_assert(!(c->bi.dd_growth & 7));
 	spin_unlock(&c->space_lock);
 }
 
···
 {
 	spin_lock(&c->space_lock);
 	/* Release the index growth reservation */
-	c->budg_idx_growth -= c->max_idx_node_sz << UBIFS_BLOCKS_PER_PAGE_SHIFT;
+	c->bi.idx_growth -= c->max_idx_node_sz << UBIFS_BLOCKS_PER_PAGE_SHIFT;
 	/* Release the data growth reservation */
-	c->budg_data_growth -= c->page_budget;
+	c->bi.data_growth -= c->bi.page_budget;
 	/* Increase the dirty data growth reservation instead */
-	c->budg_dd_growth += c->page_budget;
+	c->bi.dd_growth += c->bi.page_budget;
 	/* And re-calculate the indexing space reservation */
-	c->min_idx_lebs = ubifs_calc_min_idx_lebs(c);
+	c->bi.min_idx_lebs = ubifs_calc_min_idx_lebs(c);
 	spin_unlock(&c->space_lock);
 }
 
···
 
 	memset(&req, 0, sizeof(struct ubifs_budget_req));
 	/* The "no space" flags will be cleared because dd_growth is > 0 */
-	req.dd_growth = c->inode_budget + ALIGN(ui->data_len, 8);
+	req.dd_growth = c->bi.inode_budget + ALIGN(ui->data_len, 8);
 	ubifs_release_budget(c, &req);
 }
 
···
 	int rsvd_idx_lebs, lebs;
 	long long available, outstanding, free;
 
-	ubifs_assert(c->min_idx_lebs == ubifs_calc_min_idx_lebs(c));
-	outstanding = c->budg_data_growth + c->budg_dd_growth;
-	available = ubifs_calc_available(c, c->min_idx_lebs);
+	ubifs_assert(c->bi.min_idx_lebs == ubifs_calc_min_idx_lebs(c));
+	outstanding = c->bi.data_growth + c->bi.dd_growth;
+	available = ubifs_calc_available(c, c->bi.min_idx_lebs);
 
 	/*
 	 * When reporting free space to user-space, UBIFS guarantees that it is
···
 	 * Note, the calculations below are similar to what we have in
 	 * 'do_budget_space()', so refer there for comments.
 	 */
-	if (c->min_idx_lebs > c->lst.idx_lebs)
-		rsvd_idx_lebs = c->min_idx_lebs - c->lst.idx_lebs;
+	if (c->bi.min_idx_lebs > c->lst.idx_lebs)
+		rsvd_idx_lebs = c->bi.min_idx_lebs - c->lst.idx_lebs;
 	else
 		rsvd_idx_lebs = 0;
 	lebs = c->lst.empty_lebs + c->freeable_cnt + c->idx_gc_cnt -

fs/ubifs/commit.c

···
 	c->mst_node->root_len    = cpu_to_le32(zroot.len);
 	c->mst_node->ihead_lnum  = cpu_to_le32(c->ihead_lnum);
 	c->mst_node->ihead_offs  = cpu_to_le32(c->ihead_offs);
-	c->mst_node->index_size  = cpu_to_le64(c->old_idx_sz);
+	c->mst_node->index_size  = cpu_to_le64(c->bi.old_idx_sz);
 	c->mst_node->lpt_lnum    = cpu_to_le32(c->lpt_lnum);
 	c->mst_node->lpt_offs    = cpu_to_le32(c->lpt_offs);
 	c->mst_node->nhead_lnum  = cpu_to_le32(c->nhead_lnum);

fs/ubifs/debug.c

···
 #include <linux/moduleparam.h>
 #include <linux/debugfs.h>
 #include <linux/math64.h>
-#include <linux/slab.h>
 
 #ifdef CONFIG_UBIFS_FS_DEBUG
 
···
 static char dbg_key_buf0[128];
 static char dbg_key_buf1[128];
 
-unsigned int ubifs_msg_flags;
 unsigned int ubifs_chk_flags;
 unsigned int ubifs_tst_flags;
 
-module_param_named(debug_msgs, ubifs_msg_flags, uint, S_IRUGO | S_IWUSR);
 module_param_named(debug_chks, ubifs_chk_flags, uint, S_IRUGO | S_IWUSR);
 module_param_named(debug_tsts, ubifs_tst_flags, uint, S_IRUGO | S_IWUSR);
 
-MODULE_PARM_DESC(debug_msgs, "Debug message type flags");
 MODULE_PARM_DESC(debug_chks, "Debug check flags");
 MODULE_PARM_DESC(debug_tsts, "Debug special test flags");
 
···
 		printk(KERN_DEBUG "\tflags          %#x\n", sup_flags);
 		printk(KERN_DEBUG "\t  big_lpt      %u\n",
 		       !!(sup_flags & UBIFS_FLG_BIGLPT));
+		printk(KERN_DEBUG "\t  space_fixup  %u\n",
+		       !!(sup_flags & UBIFS_FLG_SPACE_FIXUP));
 		printk(KERN_DEBUG "\tmin_io_size    %u\n",
 		       le32_to_cpu(sup->min_io_size));
 		printk(KERN_DEBUG "\tleb_size       %u\n",
···
 	spin_unlock(&dbg_lock);
 }
 
-void dbg_dump_budg(struct ubifs_info *c)
+void dbg_dump_budg(struct ubifs_info *c, const struct ubifs_budg_info *bi)
 {
 	int i;
 	struct rb_node *rb;
···
 	struct ubifs_gced_idx_leb *idx_gc;
 	long long available, outstanding, free;
 
-	ubifs_assert(spin_is_locked(&c->space_lock));
+	spin_lock(&c->space_lock);
 	spin_lock(&dbg_lock);
-	printk(KERN_DEBUG "(pid %d) Budgeting info: budg_data_growth %lld, "
-	       "budg_dd_growth %lld, budg_idx_growth %lld\n", current->pid,
-	       c->budg_data_growth, c->budg_dd_growth, c->budg_idx_growth);
-	printk(KERN_DEBUG "\tdata budget sum %lld, total budget sum %lld, "
-	       "freeable_cnt %d\n", c->budg_data_growth + c->budg_dd_growth,
-	       c->budg_data_growth + c->budg_dd_growth + c->budg_idx_growth,
-	       c->freeable_cnt);
-	printk(KERN_DEBUG "\tmin_idx_lebs %d, old_idx_sz %lld, "
-	       "calc_idx_sz %lld, idx_gc_cnt %d\n", c->min_idx_lebs,
-	       c->old_idx_sz, c->calc_idx_sz, c->idx_gc_cnt);
+	printk(KERN_DEBUG "(pid %d) Budgeting info: data budget sum %lld, "
+	       "total budget sum %lld\n", current->pid,
+	       bi->data_growth + bi->dd_growth,
+	       bi->data_growth + bi->dd_growth + bi->idx_growth);
+	printk(KERN_DEBUG "\tbudg_data_growth %lld, budg_dd_growth %lld, "
+	       "budg_idx_growth %lld\n", bi->data_growth, bi->dd_growth,
+	       bi->idx_growth);
+	printk(KERN_DEBUG "\tmin_idx_lebs %d, old_idx_sz %llu, "
+	       "uncommitted_idx %lld\n", bi->min_idx_lebs, bi->old_idx_sz,
+	       bi->uncommitted_idx);
+	printk(KERN_DEBUG "\tpage_budget %d, inode_budget %d, dent_budget %d\n",
+	       bi->page_budget, bi->inode_budget, bi->dent_budget);
+	printk(KERN_DEBUG "\tnospace %u, nospace_rp %u\n",
+	       bi->nospace, bi->nospace_rp);
+	printk(KERN_DEBUG "\tdark_wm %d, dead_wm %d, max_idx_node_sz %d\n",
+	       c->dark_wm, c->dead_wm, c->max_idx_node_sz);
+
+	if (bi != &c->bi)
+		/*
+		 * If we are dumping saved budgeting data, do not print
+		 * additional information which is about the current state, not
+		 * the old one which corresponded to the saved budgeting data.
+		 */
+		goto out_unlock;
+
+	printk(KERN_DEBUG "\tfreeable_cnt %d, calc_idx_sz %lld, idx_gc_cnt %d\n",
+	       c->freeable_cnt, c->calc_idx_sz, c->idx_gc_cnt);
 	printk(KERN_DEBUG "\tdirty_pg_cnt %ld, dirty_zn_cnt %ld, "
 	       "clean_zn_cnt %ld\n", atomic_long_read(&c->dirty_pg_cnt),
 	       atomic_long_read(&c->dirty_zn_cnt),
 	       atomic_long_read(&c->clean_zn_cnt));
-	printk(KERN_DEBUG "\tdark_wm %d, dead_wm %d, max_idx_node_sz %d\n",
-	       c->dark_wm, c->dead_wm, c->max_idx_node_sz);
 	printk(KERN_DEBUG "\tgc_lnum %d, ihead_lnum %d\n",
 	       c->gc_lnum, c->ihead_lnum);
+
 	/* If we are in R/O mode, journal heads do not exist */
 	if (c->jheads)
 		for (i = 0; i < c->jhead_cnt; i++)
···
 	printk(KERN_DEBUG "\tcommit state %d\n", c->cmt_state);
 
 	/* Print budgeting predictions */
-	available = ubifs_calc_available(c, c->min_idx_lebs);
-	outstanding = c->budg_data_growth + c->budg_dd_growth;
+	available = ubifs_calc_available(c, c->bi.min_idx_lebs);
+	outstanding = c->bi.data_growth + c->bi.dd_growth;
 	free = ubifs_get_free_space_nolock(c);
 	printk(KERN_DEBUG "Budgeting predictions:\n");
 	printk(KERN_DEBUG "\tavailable: %lld, outstanding %lld, free %lld\n",
 	       available, outstanding, free);
+out_unlock:
 	spin_unlock(&dbg_lock);
+	spin_unlock(&c->space_lock);
 }
 
 void dbg_dump_lprop(const struct ubifs_info *c, const struct ubifs_lprops *lp)
···
 		if (bud->lnum == lp->lnum) {
 			int head = 0;
 			for (i = 0; i < c->jhead_cnt; i++) {
-				if (lp->lnum == c->jheads[i].wbuf.lnum) {
+				/*
+				 * Note, if we are in R/O mode or in the middle
+				 * of mounting/re-mounting, the write-buffers do
+				 * not exist.
+				 */
+				if (c->jheads &&
+				    lp->lnum == c->jheads[i].wbuf.lnum) {
 					printk(KERN_CONT ", jhead %s",
 					       dbg_jhead(i));
 					head = 1;
···
 
 	spin_lock(&c->space_lock);
 	memcpy(&d->saved_lst, &c->lst, sizeof(struct ubifs_lp_stats));
+	memcpy(&d->saved_bi, &c->bi, sizeof(struct ubifs_budg_info));
+	d->saved_idx_gc_cnt = c->idx_gc_cnt;
 
 	/*
 	 * We use a dirty hack here and zero out @c->freeable_cnt, because it
···
 out:
 	ubifs_msg("saved lprops statistics dump");
 	dbg_dump_lstats(&d->saved_lst);
-	ubifs_get_lp_stats(c, &lst);
-
+	ubifs_msg("saved budgeting info dump");
+	dbg_dump_budg(c, &d->saved_bi);
+	ubifs_msg("saved idx_gc_cnt %d", d->saved_idx_gc_cnt);
 	ubifs_msg("current lprops statistics dump");
+	ubifs_get_lp_stats(c, &lst);
 	dbg_dump_lstats(&lst);
-
-	spin_lock(&c->space_lock);
-	dbg_dump_budg(c);
-	spin_unlock(&c->space_lock);
+	ubifs_msg("current budgeting info dump");
+	dbg_dump_budg(c, &c->bi);
 	dump_stack();
 	return -EINVAL;
 }
···
 	struct rb_node **p, *parent = NULL;
 	struct fsck_inode *fscki;
 	ino_t inum = key_inum_flash(c, &ino->key);
+	struct inode *inode;
+	struct ubifs_inode *ui;
 
 	p = &fsckd->inodes.rb_node;
 	while (*p) {
···
 	if (!fscki)
 		return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);
 
+	inode = ilookup(c->vfs_sb, inum);
+
 	fscki->inum = inum;
-	fscki->nlink = le32_to_cpu(ino->nlink);
-	fscki->size = le64_to_cpu(ino->size);
-	fscki->xattr_cnt = le32_to_cpu(ino->xattr_cnt);
-	fscki->xattr_sz = le32_to_cpu(ino->xattr_size);
-	fscki->xattr_nms = le32_to_cpu(ino->xattr_names);
-	fscki->mode = le32_to_cpu(ino->mode);
+	/*
+	 * If the inode is present in the VFS inode cache, use it instead of
+	 * the on-flash inode which might be out-of-date. E.g., the size might
+	 * be out-of-date. If we do not do this, the following may happen, for
+	 * example:
+	 *   1. A power cut happens
+	 *   2. We mount the file-system R/O, the replay process fixes up the
+	 *      inode size in the VFS cache, but on on-flash.
+	 *   3. 'check_leaf()' fails because it hits a data node beyond inode
+	 *      size.
+	 */
+	if (!inode) {
+		fscki->nlink = le32_to_cpu(ino->nlink);
+		fscki->size = le64_to_cpu(ino->size);
+		fscki->xattr_cnt = le32_to_cpu(ino->xattr_cnt);
+		fscki->xattr_sz = le32_to_cpu(ino->xattr_size);
+		fscki->xattr_nms = le32_to_cpu(ino->xattr_names);
+		fscki->mode = le32_to_cpu(ino->mode);
+	} else {
+		ui = ubifs_inode(inode);
+		fscki->nlink = inode->i_nlink;
+		fscki->size = inode->i_size;
+		fscki->xattr_cnt = ui->xattr_cnt;
+		fscki->xattr_sz = ui->xattr_size;
+		fscki->xattr_nms = ui->xattr_names;
+		fscki->mode = inode->i_mode;
+		iput(inode);
+	}
+
 	if (S_ISDIR(fscki->mode)) {
 		fscki->calc_sz = UBIFS_INO_NODE_SZ;
 		fscki->calc_cnt = 2;
 	}
+
 	rb_link_node(&fscki->rb, parent, p);
 	rb_insert_color(&fscki->rb, &fsckd->inodes);
+
 	return fscki;
 }
 
···
 		hashb = key_block(c, &sb->key);
 
 		if (hasha > hashb) {
-			ubifs_err("larger hash %u goes before %u", hasha, hashb);
+			ubifs_err("larger hash %u goes before %u",
+				  hasha, hashb);
 			goto error_dump;
 		}
 	}
···
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static int invocation_cnt;
-
 int dbg_force_in_the_gaps(void)
 {
-	if (!dbg_force_in_the_gaps_enabled)
+	if (!(ubifs_chk_flags & UBIFS_CHK_GEN))
 		return 0;
-	/* Force in-the-gaps every 8th commit */
-	return !((invocation_cnt++) & 0x7);
+
+	return !(random32() & 7);
 }
 
 /* Failure mode for recovery testing */
···
 		 int len, int check)
 {
 	if (in_failure_mode(desc))
-		return -EIO;
+		return -EROFS;
 	return ubi_leb_read(desc, lnum, buf, offset, len, check);
 }
 
···
 	int err, failing;
 
 	if (in_failure_mode(desc))
-		return -EIO;
+		return -EROFS;
 	failing = do_fail(desc, lnum, 1);
 	if (failing)
 		cut_data(buf, len);
···
 	if (err)
 		return err;
 	if (failing)
-		return -EIO;
+		return -EROFS;
 	return 0;
 }
 
···
 	int err;
 
 	if (do_fail(desc, lnum, 1))
-		return -EIO;
+		return -EROFS;
 	err = ubi_leb_change(desc, lnum, buf, len, dtype);
 	if (err)
 		return err;
 	if (do_fail(desc, lnum, 1))
-		return -EIO;
+		return -EROFS;
 	return 0;
 }
 
···
 	int err;
 
 	if (do_fail(desc, lnum, 0))
-		return -EIO;
+		return -EROFS;
 	err = ubi_leb_erase(desc, lnum);
 	if (err)
 		return err;
 	if (do_fail(desc, lnum, 0))
-		return -EIO;
+		return -EROFS;
 	return 0;
 }
 
···
 	int err;
 
 	if (do_fail(desc, lnum, 0))
-		return -EIO;
+		return -EROFS;
 	err = ubi_leb_unmap(desc, lnum);
 	if (err)
 		return err;
 	if (do_fail(desc, lnum, 0))
-		return -EIO;
+		return -EROFS;
 	return 0;
 }
 
 int dbg_is_mapped(struct ubi_volume_desc *desc, int lnum)
 {
 	if (in_failure_mode(desc))
-		return -EIO;
+		return -EROFS;
 	return ubi_is_mapped(desc, lnum);
 }
 
···
 	int err;
 
 	if (do_fail(desc, lnum, 0))
-		return -EIO;
+		return -EROFS;
 	err = ubi_leb_map(desc, lnum, dtype);
 	if (err)
 		return err;
 	if (do_fail(desc, lnum, 0))
-		return -EIO;
+		return -EROFS;
 	return 0;
 }
 
···
 static int open_debugfs_file(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
 {
 	file->private_data = inode->i_private;
-	return 0;
+	return nonseekable_open(inode, file);
 }
 
 static ssize_t write_debugfs_file(struct file *file, const char __user *buf,
···
 
 	if (file->f_path.dentry == d->dfs_dump_lprops)
 		dbg_dump_lprops(c);
-	else if (file->f_path.dentry == d->dfs_dump_budg) {
-		spin_lock(&c->space_lock);
-		dbg_dump_budg(c);
-		spin_unlock(&c->space_lock);
-	} else if (file->f_path.dentry == d->dfs_dump_tnc) {
+	else if (file->f_path.dentry == d->dfs_dump_budg)
+		dbg_dump_budg(c, &c->bi);
+	else if (file->f_path.dentry == d->dfs_dump_tnc) {
 		mutex_lock(&c->tnc_mutex);
 		dbg_dump_tnc(c);
 		mutex_unlock(&c->tnc_mutex);
 	} else
 		return -EINVAL;
 
-	*ppos += count;
 	return count;
 }
 
···
 	.open = open_debugfs_file,
 	.write = write_debugfs_file,
 	.owner = THIS_MODULE,
-	.llseek = default_llseek,
+	.llseek = no_llseek,
 };
 
 /**

fs/ubifs/debug.h

···
 
 #ifdef CONFIG_UBIFS_FS_DEBUG
 
+#include <linux/random.h>
+
 /**
  * ubifs_debug_info - per-FS debugging information.
  * @old_zroot: old index root - used by 'dbg_check_old_index()'
···
  * @new_ihead_offs: used by debugging to check @c->ihead_offs
  *
  * @saved_lst: saved lprops statistics (used by 'dbg_save_space_info()')
- * @saved_free: saved free space (used by 'dbg_save_space_info()')
+ * @saved_bi: saved budgeting information
+ * @saved_free: saved amount of free space
+ * @saved_idx_gc_cnt: saved value of @c->idx_gc_cnt
  *
- * dfs_dir_name: name of debugfs directory containing this file-system's files
- * dfs_dir: direntry object of the file-system debugfs directory
- * dfs_dump_lprops: "dump lprops" debugfs knob
- * dfs_dump_budg: "dump budgeting information" debugfs knob
- * dfs_dump_tnc: "dump TNC" debugfs knob
+ * @dfs_dir_name: name of debugfs directory containing this file-system's files
+ * @dfs_dir: direntry object of the file-system debugfs directory
+ * @dfs_dump_lprops: "dump lprops" debugfs knob
+ * @dfs_dump_budg: "dump budgeting information" debugfs knob
+ * @dfs_dump_tnc: "dump TNC" debugfs knob
  */
 struct ubifs_debug_info {
 	struct ubifs_zbranch old_zroot;
···
 	int new_ihead_offs;
 
 	struct ubifs_lp_stats saved_lst;
+	struct ubifs_budg_info saved_bi;
 	long long saved_free;
+	int saved_idx_gc_cnt;
 
 	char dfs_dir_name[100];
 	struct dentry *dfs_dir;
···
 	}                                                                      \
 } while (0)
 
-#define dbg_dump_stack() do {                                                  \
-	if (!dbg_failure_mode)                                                 \
-		dump_stack();                                                  \
-} while (0)
-
-/* Generic debugging messages */
-#define dbg_msg(fmt, ...) do {                                                 \
-	spin_lock(&dbg_lock);                                                  \
-	printk(KERN_DEBUG "UBIFS DBG (pid %d): %s: " fmt "\n", current->pid,   \
-	       __func__, ##__VA_ARGS__);                                       \
-	spin_unlock(&dbg_lock);                                                \
-} while (0)
-
-#define dbg_do_msg(typ, fmt, ...) do {                                         \
-	if (ubifs_msg_flags & typ)                                             \
-		dbg_msg(fmt, ##__VA_ARGS__);                                   \
-} while (0)
+#define dbg_dump_stack() dump_stack()
 
 #define dbg_err(fmt, ...) do {                                                 \
 	spin_lock(&dbg_lock);                                                  \
···
 #define DBGKEY(key) dbg_key_str0(c, (key))
 #define DBGKEY1(key) dbg_key_str1(c, (key))
 
+#define ubifs_dbg_msg(type, fmt, ...) do {                        \
+	spin_lock(&dbg_lock);                                     \
+	pr_debug("UBIFS DBG " type ": " fmt "\n", ##__VA_ARGS__); \
+	spin_unlock(&dbg_lock);                                   \
+} while (0)
+
+/* Just a debugging messages not related to any specific UBIFS subsystem */
+#define dbg_msg(fmt, ...)   ubifs_dbg_msg("msg", fmt, ##__VA_ARGS__)
 /* General messages */
-#define dbg_gen(fmt, ...)   dbg_do_msg(UBIFS_MSG_GEN, fmt, ##__VA_ARGS__)
-
+#define dbg_gen(fmt, ...)   ubifs_dbg_msg("gen", fmt, ##__VA_ARGS__)
 /* Additional journal messages */
-#define dbg_jnl(fmt, ...)   dbg_do_msg(UBIFS_MSG_JNL, fmt, ##__VA_ARGS__)
-
+#define dbg_jnl(fmt, ...)   ubifs_dbg_msg("jnl", fmt, ##__VA_ARGS__)
 /* Additional TNC messages */
-#define dbg_tnc(fmt, ...)   dbg_do_msg(UBIFS_MSG_TNC, fmt, ##__VA_ARGS__)
-
+#define dbg_tnc(fmt, ...)   ubifs_dbg_msg("tnc", fmt, ##__VA_ARGS__)
 /* Additional lprops messages */
-#define dbg_lp(fmt, ...)    dbg_do_msg(UBIFS_MSG_LP, fmt, ##__VA_ARGS__)
-
+#define dbg_lp(fmt, ...)    ubifs_dbg_msg("lp", fmt, ##__VA_ARGS__)
 /* Additional LEB find messages */
-#define dbg_find(fmt, ...)  dbg_do_msg(UBIFS_MSG_FIND, fmt, ##__VA_ARGS__)
-
+#define dbg_find(fmt, ...)  ubifs_dbg_msg("find", fmt, ##__VA_ARGS__)
 /* Additional mount messages */
-#define dbg_mnt(fmt, ...)   dbg_do_msg(UBIFS_MSG_MNT, fmt, ##__VA_ARGS__)
-
+#define dbg_mnt(fmt, ...)   ubifs_dbg_msg("mnt", fmt, ##__VA_ARGS__)
 /* Additional I/O messages */
-#define dbg_io(fmt, ...)    dbg_do_msg(UBIFS_MSG_IO, fmt, ##__VA_ARGS__)
-
+#define dbg_io(fmt, ...)    ubifs_dbg_msg("io", fmt, ##__VA_ARGS__)
 /* Additional commit messages */
-#define dbg_cmt(fmt, ...)   dbg_do_msg(UBIFS_MSG_CMT, fmt, ##__VA_ARGS__)
-
+#define dbg_cmt(fmt, ...)   ubifs_dbg_msg("cmt", fmt, ##__VA_ARGS__)
 /* Additional budgeting messages */
-#define dbg_budg(fmt, ...)  dbg_do_msg(UBIFS_MSG_BUDG, fmt, ##__VA_ARGS__)
-
+#define dbg_budg(fmt, ...)  ubifs_dbg_msg("budg", fmt, ##__VA_ARGS__)
 /* Additional log messages */
-#define dbg_log(fmt, ...)   dbg_do_msg(UBIFS_MSG_LOG, fmt, ##__VA_ARGS__)
-
+#define dbg_log(fmt, ...)   ubifs_dbg_msg("log", fmt, ##__VA_ARGS__)
 /* Additional gc messages */
-#define dbg_gc(fmt, ...)    dbg_do_msg(UBIFS_MSG_GC, fmt, ##__VA_ARGS__)
-
+#define dbg_gc(fmt, ...)    ubifs_dbg_msg("gc", fmt, ##__VA_ARGS__)
 /* Additional scan messages */
-#define dbg_scan(fmt, ...)  dbg_do_msg(UBIFS_MSG_SCAN, fmt, ##__VA_ARGS__)
-
+#define dbg_scan(fmt, ...)  ubifs_dbg_msg("scan", fmt, ##__VA_ARGS__)
 /* Additional recovery messages */
-#define dbg_rcvry(fmt, ...) dbg_do_msg(UBIFS_MSG_RCVRY, fmt, ##__VA_ARGS__)
-
-/*
- * Debugging message type flags.
- *
- * UBIFS_MSG_GEN: general messages
- * UBIFS_MSG_JNL: journal messages
- * UBIFS_MSG_MNT: mount messages
- * UBIFS_MSG_CMT: commit messages
- * UBIFS_MSG_FIND: LEB find messages
- * UBIFS_MSG_BUDG: budgeting messages
- * UBIFS_MSG_GC: garbage collection messages
- * UBIFS_MSG_TNC: TNC messages
- * UBIFS_MSG_LP: lprops messages
- * UBIFS_MSG_IO: I/O messages
- * UBIFS_MSG_LOG: log messages
- * UBIFS_MSG_SCAN: scan messages
- * UBIFS_MSG_RCVRY: recovery messages
- */
-enum {
-	UBIFS_MSG_GEN   = 0x1,
-	UBIFS_MSG_JNL   = 0x2,
-	UBIFS_MSG_MNT   = 0x4,
-	UBIFS_MSG_CMT   = 0x8,
-	UBIFS_MSG_FIND  = 0x10,
-	UBIFS_MSG_BUDG  = 0x20,
-	UBIFS_MSG_GC    = 0x40,
-	UBIFS_MSG_TNC   = 0x80,
-	UBIFS_MSG_LP    = 0x100,
-	UBIFS_MSG_IO    = 0x200,
-	UBIFS_MSG_LOG   = 0x400,
-	UBIFS_MSG_SCAN  = 0x800,
-	UBIFS_MSG_RCVRY = 0x1000,
-};
+#define dbg_rcvry(fmt, ...) ubifs_dbg_msg("rcvry", fmt, ##__VA_ARGS__)
 
 /*
  * Debugging check flags.
···
 /*
  * Special testing flags.
  *
- * UBIFS_TST_FORCE_IN_THE_GAPS: force the use of in-the-gaps method
  * UBIFS_TST_RCVRY: failure mode for recovery testing
  */
 enum {
-	UBIFS_TST_FORCE_IN_THE_GAPS = 0x2,
 	UBIFS_TST_RCVRY             = 0x4,
 };
 
···
 		       int offs);
 void dbg_dump_budget_req(const struct ubifs_budget_req *req);
 void dbg_dump_lstats(const struct ubifs_lp_stats *lst);
-void dbg_dump_budg(struct ubifs_info *c);
+void dbg_dump_budg(struct ubifs_info *c, const struct ubifs_budg_info *bi);
 void dbg_dump_lprop(const struct ubifs_info *c, const struct ubifs_lprops *lp);
 void dbg_dump_lprops(struct ubifs_info *c);
 void dbg_dump_lpt_info(struct ubifs_info *c);
···
 int dbg_check_nondata_nodes_order(struct ubifs_info *c, struct list_head *head);
 
 /* Force the use of in-the-gaps method for testing */
-
-#define dbg_force_in_the_gaps_enabled \
-	(ubifs_tst_flags & UBIFS_TST_FORCE_IN_THE_GAPS)
-
+static inline int dbg_force_in_the_gaps_enabled(void)
+{
+	return ubifs_chk_flags & UBIFS_CHK_GEN;
+}
 int dbg_force_in_the_gaps(void);
 
 /* Failure mode for recovery testing */
-
 #define dbg_failure_mode (ubifs_tst_flags & UBIFS_TST_RCVRY)
 
 #ifndef UBIFS_DBG_PRESERVE_UBI
-
 #define ubi_leb_read   dbg_leb_read
 #define ubi_leb_write  dbg_leb_write
 #define ubi_leb_change dbg_leb_change
···
 #define ubi_leb_unmap  dbg_leb_unmap
 #define ubi_is_mapped  dbg_is_mapped
 #define ubi_leb_map    dbg_leb_map
-
 #endif
 
 int dbg_leb_read(struct ubi_volume_desc *desc, int lnum, char *buf, int offset,
···
 		       __func__, __LINE__, current->pid);                      \
 } while (0)
 
-#define dbg_err(fmt, ...)   do {                                               \
-	if (0)                                                                 \
-		ubifs_err(fmt, ##__VA_ARGS__);                                 \
+#define dbg_err(fmt, ...)   do {                   \
+	if (0)                                     \
+		ubifs_err(fmt, ##__VA_ARGS__);     \
 } while (0)
 
-#define dbg_msg(fmt, ...) do {                                                 \
-	if (0)                                                                 \
-		printk(KERN_DEBUG "UBIFS DBG (pid %d): %s: " fmt "\n",         \
-		       current->pid, __func__, ##__VA_ARGS__);                 \
+#define ubifs_dbg_msg(fmt, ...) do {               \
+	if (0)                                     \
+		pr_debug(fmt "\n", ##__VA_ARGS__); \
 } while (0)
 
 #define dbg_dump_stack()
 #define ubifs_assert_cmt_locked(c)
 
-#define dbg_gen(fmt, ...)   dbg_msg(fmt, ##__VA_ARGS__)
-#define dbg_jnl(fmt, ...)   dbg_msg(fmt, ##__VA_ARGS__)
-#define dbg_tnc(fmt, ...)   dbg_msg(fmt, ##__VA_ARGS__)
-#define dbg_lp(fmt, ...)    dbg_msg(fmt, ##__VA_ARGS__)
-#define dbg_find(fmt, ...)  dbg_msg(fmt, ##__VA_ARGS__)
-#define dbg_mnt(fmt, ...)   dbg_msg(fmt, ##__VA_ARGS__)
-#define dbg_io(fmt, ...)    dbg_msg(fmt, ##__VA_ARGS__)
-#define dbg_cmt(fmt, ...)   dbg_msg(fmt, ##__VA_ARGS__)
-#define dbg_budg(fmt, ...)  dbg_msg(fmt, ##__VA_ARGS__)
-#define dbg_log(fmt, ...)   dbg_msg(fmt, ##__VA_ARGS__)
-#define dbg_gc(fmt, ...)    dbg_msg(fmt, ##__VA_ARGS__)
-#define dbg_scan(fmt, ...)  dbg_msg(fmt, ##__VA_ARGS__)
-#define dbg_rcvry(fmt, ...) dbg_msg(fmt, ##__VA_ARGS__)
+#define dbg_msg(fmt, ...)   ubifs_dbg_msg(fmt, ##__VA_ARGS__)
+#define dbg_gen(fmt, ...)   ubifs_dbg_msg(fmt, ##__VA_ARGS__)
+#define dbg_jnl(fmt, ...)   ubifs_dbg_msg(fmt, ##__VA_ARGS__)
+#define dbg_tnc(fmt, ...)   ubifs_dbg_msg(fmt, ##__VA_ARGS__)
+#define dbg_lp(fmt, ...)    ubifs_dbg_msg(fmt, ##__VA_ARGS__)
+#define dbg_find(fmt, ...)  ubifs_dbg_msg(fmt, ##__VA_ARGS__)
+#define dbg_mnt(fmt, ...)   ubifs_dbg_msg(fmt, ##__VA_ARGS__)
+#define dbg_io(fmt, ...)    ubifs_dbg_msg(fmt, ##__VA_ARGS__)
+#define dbg_cmt(fmt, ...)   ubifs_dbg_msg(fmt, ##__VA_ARGS__)
+#define dbg_budg(fmt, ...)  ubifs_dbg_msg(fmt, ##__VA_ARGS__)
+#define dbg_log(fmt, ...)   ubifs_dbg_msg(fmt, ##__VA_ARGS__)
+#define dbg_gc(fmt, ...)    ubifs_dbg_msg(fmt, ##__VA_ARGS__)
+#define dbg_scan(fmt, ...)  ubifs_dbg_msg(fmt, ##__VA_ARGS__)
+#define dbg_rcvry(fmt, ...) ubifs_dbg_msg(fmt, ##__VA_ARGS__)
 
 #define DBGKEY(key)  ((char *)(key))
 #define DBGKEY1(key) ((char *)(key))
···
 dbg_dump_budget_req(const struct ubifs_budget_req *req)           { return; }
 static inline void
 dbg_dump_lstats(const struct ubifs_lp_stats *lst)                 { return; }
-static inline void dbg_dump_budg(struct ubifs_info *c)            { return; }
+static inline void
+dbg_dump_budg(struct ubifs_info *c,
+	      const struct ubifs_budg_info *bi)                   { return; }
 static inline void dbg_dump_lprop(const struct ubifs_info *c,
 				  const struct ubifs_lprops *lp)  { return; }
 static inline void dbg_dump_lprops(struct ubifs_info *c)          { return; }
···
 			      struct list_head *head)             { return 0; }
 
 static inline int dbg_force_in_the_gaps(void)                     { return 0; }
-#define dbg_force_in_the_gaps_enabled 0
-#define dbg_failure_mode              0
+#define dbg_force_in_the_gaps_enabled() 0
+#define dbg_failure_mode                0
 
 static inline int dbg_debugfs_init(void)                          { return 0; }
 static inline void dbg_debugfs_exit(void)                         { return; }

fs/ubifs/dir.c

···
 		ubifs_release_budget(c, &req);
 	else {
 		/* We've deleted something - clean the "no space" flags */
-		c->nospace = c->nospace_rp = 0;
+		c->bi.nospace = c->bi.nospace_rp = 0;
 		smp_wmb();
 	}
 	return 0;
···
 		ubifs_release_budget(c, &req);
 	else {
 		/* We've deleted something - clean the "no space" flags */
-		c->nospace = c->nospace_rp = 0;
+		c->bi.nospace = c->bi.nospace_rp = 0;
 		smp_wmb();
 	}
 	return 0;

fs/ubifs/file.c

···
  */
 static void release_existing_page_budget(struct ubifs_info *c)
 {
-	struct ubifs_budget_req req = { .dd_growth = c->page_budget};
+	struct ubifs_budget_req req = { .dd_growth = c->bi.page_budget};
 
 	ubifs_release_budget(c, &req);
 }
···
  * the page locked, and it locks @ui_mutex. However, write-back does take inode
  * @i_mutex, which means other VFS operations may be run on this inode at the
  * same time. And the problematic one is truncation to smaller size, from where
- * we have to call 'truncate_setsize()', which first changes @inode->i_size, then
- * drops the truncated pages. And while dropping the pages, it takes the page
- * lock. This means that 'do_truncation()' cannot call 'truncate_setsize()' with
- * @ui_mutex locked, because it would deadlock with 'ubifs_writepage()'. This
- * means that @inode->i_size is changed while @ui_mutex is unlocked.
+ * we have to call 'truncate_setsize()', which first changes @inode->i_size,
+ * then drops the truncated pages. And while dropping the pages, it takes the
+ * page lock. This means that 'do_truncation()' cannot call 'truncate_setsize()'
+ * with @ui_mutex locked, because it would deadlock with 'ubifs_writepage()'.
+ * This means that @inode->i_size is changed while @ui_mutex is unlocked.
  *
  * XXX(truncate): with the new truncate sequence this is not true anymore,
  * and the calls to truncate_setsize can be move around freely.  They should
···
 	if (budgeted)
 		ubifs_release_budget(c, &req);
 	else {
-		c->nospace = c->nospace_rp = 0;
+		c->bi.nospace = c->bi.nospace_rp = 0;
 		smp_wmb();
 	}
 	return err;
···
 
 	dbg_gen("syncing inode %lu", inode->i_ino);
 
-	if (inode->i_sb->s_flags & MS_RDONLY)
+	if (c->ro_mount)
+		/*
+		 * For some really strange reasons VFS does not filter out
+		 * 'fsync()' for R/O mounted file-systems as per 2.6.39.
+		 */
 		return 0;
 
 	/*
···
 }
 
 /*
- * mmap()d file has taken write protection fault and is being made
- * writable. UBIFS must ensure page is budgeted for.
+ * mmap()d file has taken write protection fault and is being made writable.
+ * UBIFS must ensure page is budgeted for.
  */
-static int ubifs_vm_page_mkwrite(struct vm_area_struct *vma, struct vm_fault *vmf)
+static int ubifs_vm_page_mkwrite(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
+				 struct vm_fault *vmf)
 {
 	struct page *page = vmf->page;
 	struct inode *inode = vma->vm_file->f_path.dentry->d_inode;
···
 {
 	int err;
 
-	/* 'generic_file_mmap()' takes care of NOMMU case */
 	err = generic_file_mmap(file, vma);
 	if (err)
 		return err;

fs/ubifs/find.c

···
 		 * But if the index takes fewer LEBs than it is reserved for it,
 		 * this function must avoid picking those reserved LEBs.
 		 */
-		if (c->min_idx_lebs >= c->lst.idx_lebs) {
-			rsvd_idx_lebs = c->min_idx_lebs -  c->lst.idx_lebs;
+		if (c->bi.min_idx_lebs >= c->lst.idx_lebs) {
+			rsvd_idx_lebs = c->bi.min_idx_lebs -  c->lst.idx_lebs;
 			exclude_index = 1;
 		}
 		spin_unlock(&c->space_lock);
···
 			pick_free = 0;
 	} else {
 		spin_lock(&c->space_lock);
-		exclude_index = (c->min_idx_lebs >= c->lst.idx_lebs);
+		exclude_index = (c->bi.min_idx_lebs >= c->lst.idx_lebs);
 		spin_unlock(&c->space_lock);
 	}
 
···
 
 	/* Check if there are enough empty LEBs for commit */
 	spin_lock(&c->space_lock);
-	if (c->min_idx_lebs > c->lst.idx_lebs)
-		rsvd_idx_lebs = c->min_idx_lebs -  c->lst.idx_lebs;
+	if (c->bi.min_idx_lebs > c->lst.idx_lebs)
+		rsvd_idx_lebs = c->bi.min_idx_lebs -  c->lst.idx_lebs;
 	else
 		rsvd_idx_lebs = 0;
 	lebs = c->lst.empty_lebs + c->freeable_cnt + c->idx_gc_cnt -

fs/ubifs/gc.c

···
 	if (err)
 		return err;
 
+	err = ubifs_wbuf_sync_nolock(wbuf);
+	if (err)
+		return err;
+
 	err = ubifs_add_bud_to_log(c, GCHD, gc_lnum, 0);
 	if (err)
 		return err;
···
  * This function compares data nodes @a and @b. Returns %1 if @a has greater
  * inode or block number, and %-1 otherwise.
  */
-int data_nodes_cmp(void *priv, struct list_head *a, struct list_head *b)
+static int data_nodes_cmp(void *priv, struct list_head *a, struct list_head *b)
 {
 	ino_t inuma, inumb;
 	struct ubifs_info *c = priv;
···
  * first and sorted by length in descending order. Directory entry nodes go
  * after inode nodes and are sorted in ascending hash valuer order.
  */
-int nondata_nodes_cmp(void *priv, struct list_head *a, struct list_head *b)
+static int nondata_nodes_cmp(void *priv, struct list_head *a,
+			     struct list_head *b)
 {
 	ino_t inuma, inumb;
 	struct ubifs_info *c = priv;
···
 	ubifs_assert(c->gc_lnum != lnum);
 	ubifs_assert(wbuf->lnum != lnum);
 
+	if (lp->free + lp->dirty == c->leb_size) {
+		/* Special case - a free LEB  */
+		dbg_gc("LEB %d is free, return it", lp->lnum);
+		ubifs_assert(!(lp->flags & LPROPS_INDEX));
+
+		if (lp->free != c->leb_size) {
+			/*
+			 * Write buffers must be sync'd before unmapping
+			 * freeable LEBs, because one of them may contain data
+			 * which obsoletes something in 'lp->pnum'.
+			 */
+			err = gc_sync_wbufs(c);
+			if (err)
+				return err;
+			err = ubifs_change_one_lp(c, lp->lnum, c->leb_size,
+						  0, 0, 0, 0);
+			if (err)
+				return err;
+		}
+		err = ubifs_leb_unmap(c, lp->lnum);
+		if (err)
+			return err;
+
+		if (c->gc_lnum == -1) {
+			c->gc_lnum = lnum;
+			return LEB_RETAINED;
+		}
+
+		return LEB_FREED;
+	}
+
 	/*
 	 * We scan the entire LEB even though we only really need to scan up to
 	 * (c->leb_size - lp->free).
···
 		dbg_gc("found LEB %d: free %d, dirty %d, sum %d "
 		       "(min. space %d)", lp.lnum, lp.free, lp.dirty,
 		       lp.free + lp.dirty, min_space);
-
-		if (lp.free + lp.dirty == c->leb_size) {
-			/* An empty LEB was returned */
-			dbg_gc("LEB %d is free, return it", lp.lnum);
-			/*
-			 * ubifs_find_dirty_leb() doesn't return freeable index
-			 * LEBs.
-			 */
-			ubifs_assert(!(lp.flags & LPROPS_INDEX));
-			if (lp.free != c->leb_size) {
-				/*
-				 * Write buffers must be sync'd before
-				 * unmapping freeable LEBs, because one of them
-				 * may contain data which obsoletes something
-				 * in 'lp.pnum'.
-				 */
-				ret = gc_sync_wbufs(c);
-				if (ret)
-					goto out;
-				ret = ubifs_change_one_lp(c, lp.lnum,
-							  c->leb_size, 0, 0, 0,
-							  0);
-				if (ret)
-					goto out;
-			}
-			ret = ubifs_leb_unmap(c, lp.lnum);
-			if (ret)
-				goto out;
-			ret = lp.lnum;
-			break;
-		}
 
 		space_before = c->leb_size - wbuf->offs - wbuf->used;
 		if (wbuf->lnum == -1)

fs/ubifs/io.c

···
 	ubifs_assert(wbuf->size % c->min_io_size == 0);
 	ubifs_assert(!c->ro_media && !c->ro_mount);
 	if (c->leb_size - wbuf->offs >= c->max_write_size)
-		ubifs_assert(!((wbuf->offs + wbuf->size) % c->max_write_size ));
+		ubifs_assert(!((wbuf->offs + wbuf->size) % c->max_write_size));
 
 	if (c->ro_error)
 		return -EROFS;
···
  * @dtype: data type
  *
  * This function targets the write-buffer to logical eraseblock @lnum:@offs.
- * The write-buffer is synchronized if it is not empty. Returns zero in case of
- * success and a negative error code in case of failure.
+ * The write-buffer has to be empty. Returns zero in case of success and a
+ * negative error code in case of failure.
  */
 int ubifs_wbuf_seek_nolock(struct ubifs_wbuf *wbuf, int lnum, int offs,
 			   int dtype)
···
 	ubifs_assert(offs >= 0 && offs <= c->leb_size);
 	ubifs_assert(offs % c->min_io_size == 0 && !(offs & 7));
 	ubifs_assert(lnum != wbuf->lnum);
-
-	if (wbuf->used > 0) {
-		int err = ubifs_wbuf_sync_nolock(wbuf);
-
-		if (err)
-			return err;
-	}
+	ubifs_assert(wbuf->used == 0);
 
 	spin_lock(&wbuf->lock);
 	wbuf->lnum = lnum;
···
 int ubifs_wbuf_write_nolock(struct ubifs_wbuf *wbuf, void *buf, int len)
 {
 	struct ubifs_info *c = wbuf->c;
-	int err, written, n, aligned_len = ALIGN(len, 8), offs;
+	int err, written, n, aligned_len = ALIGN(len, 8);
 
 	dbg_io("%d bytes (%s) to jhead %s wbuf at LEB %d:%d", len,
 	       dbg_ntype(((struct ubifs_ch *)buf)->node_type),
···
 	ubifs_assert(mutex_is_locked(&wbuf->io_mutex));
 	ubifs_assert(!c->ro_media && !c->ro_mount);
 	if (c->leb_size - wbuf->offs >= c->max_write_size)
-		ubifs_assert(!((wbuf->offs + wbuf->size) % c->max_write_size ));
+		ubifs_assert(!((wbuf->offs + wbuf->size) % c->max_write_size));
 
 	if (c->leb_size - wbuf->offs - wbuf->used < aligned_len) {
 		err = -ENOSPC;
···
 		goto exit;
 	}
 
-	offs = wbuf->offs;
 	written = 0;
 
 	if (wbuf->used) {
···
 		if (err)
 			goto out;
 
-		offs += wbuf->size;
+		wbuf->offs += wbuf->size;
 		len -= wbuf->avail;
 		aligned_len -= wbuf->avail;
 		written += wbuf->avail;
···
 		if (err)
 			goto out;
 
-		offs += wbuf->size;
+		wbuf->offs += wbuf->size;
 		len -= wbuf->size;
 		aligned_len -= wbuf->size;
 		written += wbuf->size;
···
 	n = aligned_len >> c->max_write_shift;
 	if (n) {
 		n <<= c->max_write_shift;
-		dbg_io("write %d bytes to LEB %d:%d", n, wbuf->lnum, offs);
-		err = ubi_leb_write(c->ubi, wbuf->lnum, buf + written, offs, n,
-				    wbuf->dtype);
+		dbg_io("write %d bytes to LEB %d:%d", n, wbuf->lnum,
+		       wbuf->offs);
+		err = ubi_leb_write(c->ubi, wbuf->lnum, buf + written,
+				    wbuf->offs, n, wbuf->dtype);
 		if (err)
 			goto out;
-		offs += n;
+		wbuf->offs += n;
 		aligned_len -= n;
 		len -= n;
 		written += n;
···
 		 */
 		memcpy(wbuf->buf, buf + written, len);
 
-	wbuf->offs = offs;
 	if (c->leb_size - wbuf->offs >= c->max_write_size)
 		wbuf->size = c->max_write_size;
 	else

fs/ubifs/journal.c

···
 	 * LEB with some empty space.
 	 */
 	lnum = ubifs_find_free_space(c, len, &offs, squeeze);
-	if (lnum >= 0) {
-		/* Found an LEB, add it to the journal head */
-		err = ubifs_add_bud_to_log(c, jhead, lnum, offs);
-		if (err)
-			goto out_return;
-		/* A new bud was successfully allocated and added to the log */
+	if (lnum >= 0)
 		goto out;
-	}
 
 	err = lnum;
 	if (err != -ENOSPC)
···
 		return 0;
 	}
 
-	err = ubifs_add_bud_to_log(c, jhead, lnum, 0);
-	if (err)
-		goto out_return;
 	offs = 0;
 
 out:
+	/*
+	 * Make sure we synchronize the write-buffer before we add the new bud
+	 * to the log. Otherwise we may have a power cut after the log
+	 * reference node for the last bud (@lnum) is written but before the
+	 * write-buffer data are written to the next-to-last bud
+	 * (@wbuf->lnum). And the effect would be that the recovery would see
+	 * that there is corruption in the next-to-last bud.
+	 */
+	err = ubifs_wbuf_sync_nolock(wbuf);
+	if (err)
+		goto out_return;
+	err = ubifs_add_bud_to_log(c, jhead, lnum, offs);
+	if (err)
+		goto out_return;
 	err = ubifs_wbuf_seek_nolock(wbuf, lnum, offs, wbuf->dtype);
 	if (err)
 		goto out_unlock;
···
 	if (err == -ENOSPC) {
 		/* This are some budgeting problems, print useful information */
 		down_write(&c->commit_sem);
-		spin_lock(&c->space_lock);
 		dbg_dump_stack();
-		dbg_dump_budg(c);
-		spin_unlock(&c->space_lock);
+		dbg_dump_budg(c, &c->bi);
 		dbg_dump_lprops(c);
 		cmt_retries = dbg_check_lprops(c);
 		up_write(&c->commit_sem);

fs/ubifs/log.c

···
 }
 
 /**
- * next_log_lnum - switch to the next log LEB.
- * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
- * @lnum: current log LEB
- */
-static inline int next_log_lnum(const struct ubifs_info *c, int lnum)
-{
-	lnum += 1;
-	if (lnum > c->log_last)
-		lnum = UBIFS_LOG_LNUM;
-
-	return lnum;
-}
-
-/**
  * empty_log_bytes - calculate amount of empty space in the log.
  * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
  */
···
 	ref->jhead = cpu_to_le32(jhead);
 
 	if (c->lhead_offs > c->leb_size - c->ref_node_alsz) {
-		c->lhead_lnum = next_log_lnum(c, c->lhead_lnum);
+		c->lhead_lnum = ubifs_next_log_lnum(c, c->lhead_lnum);
 		c->lhead_offs = 0;
 	}
 
···
 
 	/* Switch to the next log LEB */
 	if (c->lhead_offs) {
-		c->lhead_lnum = next_log_lnum(c, c->lhead_lnum);
+		c->lhead_lnum = ubifs_next_log_lnum(c, c->lhead_lnum);
 		c->lhead_offs = 0;
 	}
 
···
 
 	c->lhead_offs += len;
 	if (c->lhead_offs == c->leb_size) {
-		c->lhead_lnum = next_log_lnum(c, c->lhead_lnum);
+		c->lhead_lnum = ubifs_next_log_lnum(c, c->lhead_lnum);
 		c->lhead_offs = 0;
 	}
 
···
 	}
 	mutex_lock(&c->log_mutex);
 	for (lnum = old_ltail_lnum; lnum != c->ltail_lnum;
-	     lnum = next_log_lnum(c, lnum)) {
+	     lnum = ubifs_next_log_lnum(c, lnum)) {
 		dbg_log("unmap log LEB %d", lnum);
 		err = ubifs_leb_unmap(c, lnum);
 		if (err)
···
 		err = ubifs_leb_change(c, *lnum, buf, sz, UBI_SHORTTERM);
 		if (err)
 			return err;
-		*lnum = next_log_lnum(c, *lnum);
+		*lnum = ubifs_next_log_lnum(c, *lnum);
 		*offs = 0;
 	}
 	memcpy(buf + *offs, node, len);
···
 		ubifs_scan_destroy(sleb);
 		if (lnum == c->lhead_lnum)
 			break;
-		lnum = next_log_lnum(c, lnum);
+		lnum = ubifs_next_log_lnum(c, lnum);
 	}
 	if (offs) {
 		int sz = ALIGN(offs, c->min_io_size);
···
 	/* Unmap remaining LEBs */
 	lnum = write_lnum;
 	do {
-		lnum = next_log_lnum(c, lnum);
+		lnum = ubifs_next_log_lnum(c, lnum);
 		err = ubifs_leb_unmap(c, lnum);
 		if (err)
 			return err;

fs/ubifs/lprops.c

···
 }
 
 /**
- * struct scan_check_data - data provided to scan callback function.
- * @lst: LEB properties statistics
- * @err: error code
- */
-struct scan_check_data {
-	struct ubifs_lp_stats lst;
-	int err;
-};
-
-/**
  * scan_check_cb - scan callback.
  * @c: the UBIFS file-system description object
  * @lp: LEB properties to scan
  * @in_tree: whether the LEB properties are in main memory
- * @data: information passed to and from the caller of the scan
+ * @lst: lprops statistics to update
  *
  * This function returns a code that indicates whether the scan should continue
  * (%LPT_SCAN_CONTINUE), whether the LEB properties should be added to the tree
···
  */
 static int scan_check_cb(struct ubifs_info *c,
 			 const struct ubifs_lprops *lp, int in_tree,
-			 struct scan_check_data *data)
+			 struct ubifs_lp_stats *lst)
 {
 	struct ubifs_scan_leb *sleb;
 	struct ubifs_scan_node *snod;
-	struct ubifs_lp_stats *lst = &data->lst;
 	int cat, lnum = lp->lnum, is_idx = 0, used = 0, free, dirty, ret;
 	void *buf = NULL;
 
···
 		if (cat != (lp->flags & LPROPS_CAT_MASK)) {
 			ubifs_err("bad LEB category %d expected %d",
 				  (lp->flags & LPROPS_CAT_MASK), cat);
-			goto out;
+			return -EINVAL;
 		}
 	}
 
···
 			}
 			if (!found) {
 				ubifs_err("bad LPT list (category %d)", cat);
-				goto out;
+				return -EINVAL;
 			}
 		}
 	}
···
 		if ((lp->hpos != -1 && heap->arr[lp->hpos]->lnum != lnum) ||
 		    lp != heap->arr[lp->hpos]) {
 			ubifs_err("bad LPT heap (category %d)", cat);
-			goto out;
+			return -EINVAL;
 		}
 	}
 
 	buf = __vmalloc(c->leb_size, GFP_NOFS, PAGE_KERNEL);
-	if (!buf) {
-		ubifs_err("cannot allocate memory to scan LEB %d", lnum);
-		goto out;
+	if (!buf)
+		return -ENOMEM;
+
+	/*
+	 * After an unclean unmount, empty and freeable LEBs
+	 * may contain garbage - do not scan them.
+	 */
+	if (lp->free == c->leb_size) {
+		lst->empty_lebs += 1;
+		lst->total_free += c->leb_size;
+		lst->total_dark += ubifs_calc_dark(c, c->leb_size);
+		return LPT_SCAN_CONTINUE;
+	}
+	if (lp->free + lp->dirty == c->leb_size &&
+	    !(lp->flags & LPROPS_INDEX)) {
+		lst->total_free  += lp->free;
+		lst->total_dirty += lp->dirty;
+		lst->total_dark  +=  ubifs_calc_dark(c, c->leb_size);
+		return LPT_SCAN_CONTINUE;
 	}
 
 	sleb = ubifs_scan(c, lnum, 0, buf, 0);
 	if (IS_ERR(sleb)) {
-		/*
-		 * After an unclean unmount, empty and freeable LEBs
-		 * may contain garbage.
-		 */
-		if (lp->free == c->leb_size) {
-			ubifs_err("scan errors were in empty LEB "
-				  "- continuing checking");
-			lst->empty_lebs += 1;
-			lst->total_free += c->leb_size;
-			lst->total_dark += ubifs_calc_dark(c, c->leb_size);
-			ret = LPT_SCAN_CONTINUE;
-			goto exit;
+		ret = PTR_ERR(sleb);
+		if (ret == -EUCLEAN) {
+			dbg_dump_lprops(c);
+			dbg_dump_budg(c, &c->bi);
 		}
-
-		if (lp->free + lp->dirty == c->leb_size &&
-		    !(lp->flags & LPROPS_INDEX)) {
-			ubifs_err("scan errors were in freeable LEB "
-				  "- continuing checking");
-			lst->total_free  += lp->free;
-			lst->total_dirty += lp->dirty;
-			lst->total_dark  +=  ubifs_calc_dark(c, c->leb_size);
-			ret = LPT_SCAN_CONTINUE;
-			goto exit;
-		}
-		data->err = PTR_ERR(sleb);
-		ret = LPT_SCAN_STOP;
-		goto exit;
+		goto out;
 	}
 
 	is_idx = -1;
···
 	}
 
 	ubifs_scan_destroy(sleb);
-	ret = LPT_SCAN_CONTINUE;
-exit:
 	vfree(buf);
-	return ret;
+	return LPT_SCAN_CONTINUE;
 
 out_print:
 	ubifs_err("bad accounting of LEB %d: free %d, dirty %d flags %#x, "
···
 	dbg_dump_leb(c, lnum);
 out_destroy:
 	ubifs_scan_destroy(sleb);
+	ret = -EINVAL;
 out:
 	vfree(buf);
-	data->err = -EINVAL;
-	return LPT_SCAN_STOP;
+	return ret;
 }
 
 /**
···
 int dbg_check_lprops(struct ubifs_info *c)
 {
 	int i, err;
-	struct scan_check_data data;
-	struct ubifs_lp_stats *lst = &data.lst;
+	struct ubifs_lp_stats lst;
 
 	if (!(ubifs_chk_flags & UBIFS_CHK_LPROPS))
 		return 0;
···
 			return err;
 	}
 
-	memset(lst, 0, sizeof(struct ubifs_lp_stats));
-
-	data.err = 0;
+	memset(&lst, 0, sizeof(struct ubifs_lp_stats));
 	err = ubifs_lpt_scan_nolock(c, c->main_first, c->leb_cnt - 1,
 				    (ubifs_lpt_scan_callback)scan_check_cb,
-				    &data);
+				    &lst);
 	if (err && err != -ENOSPC)
 		goto out;
-	if (data.err) {
-		err = data.err;
-		goto out;
-	}
 
-	if (lst->empty_lebs != c->lst.empty_lebs ||
-	    lst->idx_lebs != c->lst.idx_lebs ||
-	    lst->total_free != c->lst.total_free ||
-	    lst->total_dirty != c->lst.total_dirty ||
-	    lst->total_used != c->lst.total_used) {
+	if (lst.empty_lebs != c->lst.empty_lebs ||
+	    lst.idx_lebs != c->lst.idx_lebs ||
+	    lst.total_free != c->lst.total_free ||
+	    lst.total_dirty != c->lst.total_dirty ||
+	    lst.total_used != c->lst.total_used) {
 		ubifs_err("bad overall accounting");
 		ubifs_err("calculated: empty_lebs %d, idx_lebs %d, "
 			  "total_free %lld, total_dirty %lld, total_used %lld",
-			  lst->empty_lebs, lst->idx_lebs, lst->total_free,
-			  lst->total_dirty, lst->total_used);
+			  lst.empty_lebs, lst.idx_lebs, lst.total_free,
+			  lst.total_dirty, lst.total_used);
 		ubifs_err("read from lprops: empty_lebs %d, idx_lebs %d, "
 			  "total_free %lld, total_dirty %lld, total_used %lld",
 			  c->lst.empty_lebs, c->lst.idx_lebs, c->lst.total_free,
···
 		goto out;
 	}
 
-	if (lst->total_dead != c->lst.total_dead ||
-	    lst->total_dark != c->lst.total_dark) {
+	if (lst.total_dead != c->lst.total_dead ||
+	    lst.total_dark != c->lst.total_dark) {
 		ubifs_err("bad dead/dark space accounting");
 		ubifs_err("calculated: total_dead %lld, total_dark %lld",
-			  lst->total_dead, lst->total_dark);
+			  lst.total_dead, lst.total_dark);
 		ubifs_err("read from lprops: total_dead %lld, total_dark %lld",
 			  c->lst.total_dead, c->lst.total_dark);
 		err = -EINVAL;

fs/ubifs/lpt_commit.c

···
 #include <linux/slab.h>
 #include "ubifs.h"
 
+#ifdef CONFIG_UBIFS_FS_DEBUG
+static int dbg_populate_lsave(struct ubifs_info *c);
+#else
+#define dbg_populate_lsave(c) 0
+#endif
+
 /**
  * first_dirty_cnode - find first dirty cnode.
  * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
···
 			if (nnode->nbranch[iip].lnum)
 				break;
 		}
-       } while (iip >= UBIFS_LPT_FANOUT);
+	} while (iip >= UBIFS_LPT_FANOUT);
 
 	/* Go right */
 	nnode = ubifs_get_nnode(c, nnode, iip);
···
 		c->lpt_drty_flgs |= LSAVE_DIRTY;
 		ubifs_add_lpt_dirt(c, c->lsave_lnum, c->lsave_sz);
 	}
+
+	if (dbg_populate_lsave(c))
+		return;
+
 	list_for_each_entry(lprops, &c->empty_list, list) {
 		c->lsave[cnt++] = lprops->lnum;
 		if (cnt >= c->lsave_cnt)
···
 		dump_lpt_leb(c, i + c->lpt_first);
 	printk(KERN_DEBUG "(pid %d) finish dumping all LPT LEBs\n",
 	       current->pid);
+}
+
+/**
+ * dbg_populate_lsave - debugging version of 'populate_lsave()'
+ * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
+ *
+ * This is a debugging version for 'populate_lsave()' which populates lsave
+ * with random LEBs instead of useful LEBs, which is good for test coverage.
+ * Returns zero if lsave has not been populated (this debugging feature is
+ * disabled) an non-zero if lsave has been populated.
+ */
+static int dbg_populate_lsave(struct ubifs_info *c)
+{
+	struct ubifs_lprops *lprops;
+	struct ubifs_lpt_heap *heap;
+	int i;
+
+	if (!(ubifs_chk_flags & UBIFS_CHK_GEN))
+		return 0;
+	if (random32() & 3)
+		return 0;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < c->lsave_cnt; i++)
+		c->lsave[i] = c->main_first;
+
+	list_for_each_entry(lprops, &c->empty_list, list)
+		c->lsave[random32() % c->lsave_cnt] = lprops->lnum;
+	list_for_each_entry(lprops, &c->freeable_list, list)
+		c->lsave[random32() % c->lsave_cnt] = lprops->lnum;
+	list_for_each_entry(lprops, &c->frdi_idx_list, list)
+		c->lsave[random32() % c->lsave_cnt] = lprops->lnum;
+
+	heap = &c->lpt_heap[LPROPS_DIRTY_IDX - 1];
+	for (i = 0; i < heap->cnt; i++)
+		c->lsave[random32() % c->lsave_cnt] = heap->arr[i]->lnum;
+	heap = &c->lpt_heap[LPROPS_DIRTY - 1];
+	for (i = 0; i < heap->cnt; i++)
+		c->lsave[random32() % c->lsave_cnt] = heap->arr[i]->lnum;
+	heap = &c->lpt_heap[LPROPS_FREE - 1];
+	for (i = 0; i < heap->cnt; i++)
+		c->lsave[random32() % c->lsave_cnt] = heap->arr[i]->lnum;
+
+	return 1;
 }
 
 #endif /* CONFIG_UBIFS_FS_DEBUG */

fs/ubifs/master.c

···
 	}
 
 	main_sz = (long long)c->main_lebs * c->leb_size;
-	if (c->old_idx_sz & 7 || c->old_idx_sz >= main_sz) {
+	if (c->bi.old_idx_sz & 7 || c->bi.old_idx_sz >= main_sz) {
 		err = 9;
 		goto out;
 	}
···
 	}
 
 	if (c->lst.total_dead + c->lst.total_dark +
-	    c->lst.total_used + c->old_idx_sz > main_sz) {
+	    c->lst.total_used + c->bi.old_idx_sz > main_sz) {
 		err = 21;
 		goto out;
 	}
···
 	c->gc_lnum         = le32_to_cpu(c->mst_node->gc_lnum);
 	c->ihead_lnum      = le32_to_cpu(c->mst_node->ihead_lnum);
 	c->ihead_offs      = le32_to_cpu(c->mst_node->ihead_offs);
-	c->old_idx_sz      = le64_to_cpu(c->mst_node->index_size);
+	c->bi.old_idx_sz   = le64_to_cpu(c->mst_node->index_size);
 	c->lpt_lnum        = le32_to_cpu(c->mst_node->lpt_lnum);
 	c->lpt_offs        = le32_to_cpu(c->mst_node->lpt_offs);
 	c->nhead_lnum      = le32_to_cpu(c->mst_node->nhead_lnum);
···
 	c->lst.total_dead  = le64_to_cpu(c->mst_node->total_dead);
 	c->lst.total_dark  = le64_to_cpu(c->mst_node->total_dark);
 
-	c->calc_idx_sz = c->old_idx_sz;
+	c->calc_idx_sz = c->bi.old_idx_sz;
 
 	if (c->mst_node->flags & cpu_to_le32(UBIFS_MST_NO_ORPHS))
 		c->no_orphs = 1;

fs/ubifs/misc.h

···
 	mutex_unlock(&c->lp_mutex);
 }
 
+/**
+ * ubifs_next_log_lnum - switch to the next log LEB.
+ * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
+ * @lnum: current log LEB
+ *
+ * This helper function returns the log LEB number which goes next after LEB
+ * 'lnum'.
+ */
+static inline int ubifs_next_log_lnum(const struct ubifs_info *c, int lnum)
+{
+	lnum += 1;
+	if (lnum > c->log_last)
+		lnum = UBIFS_LOG_LNUM;
+
+	return lnum;
+}
+
 #endif /* __UBIFS_MISC_H__ */

fs/ubifs/orphan.c

···
 		sleb = ubifs_scan(c, lnum, 0, c->sbuf, 1);
 		if (IS_ERR(sleb)) {
 			if (PTR_ERR(sleb) == -EUCLEAN)
-				sleb = ubifs_recover_leb(c, lnum, 0, c->sbuf, 0);
+				sleb = ubifs_recover_leb(c, lnum, 0,
+							 c->sbuf, 0);
 			if (IS_ERR(sleb)) {
 				err = PTR_ERR(sleb);
 				break;

fs/ubifs/recovery.c

···
 }
 
 /**
- * drop_incomplete_group - drop nodes from an incomplete group.
+ * drop_last_node - drop the last node or group of nodes.
  * @sleb: scanned LEB information
  * @offs: offset of dropped nodes is returned here
+ * @grouped: non-zero if whole group of nodes have to be dropped
  *
- * This function returns %1 if nodes are dropped and %0 otherwise.
+ * This is a helper function for 'ubifs_recover_leb()' which drops the last
+ * node of the scanned LEB or the last group of nodes if @grouped is not zero.
+ * This function returns %1 if a node was dropped and %0 otherwise.
  */
-static int drop_incomplete_group(struct ubifs_scan_leb *sleb, int *offs)
+static int drop_last_node(struct ubifs_scan_leb *sleb, int *offs, int grouped)
 {
 	int dropped = 0;
 
···
 		kfree(snod);
 		sleb->nodes_cnt -= 1;
 		dropped = 1;
+		if (!grouped)
+			break;
 	}
 	return dropped;
 }
···
 struct ubifs_scan_leb *ubifs_recover_leb(struct ubifs_info *c, int lnum,
 					 int offs, void *sbuf, int grouped)
 {
-	int err, len = c->leb_size - offs, need_clean = 0, quiet = 1;
-	int empty_chkd = 0, start = offs;
+	int ret = 0, err, len = c->leb_size - offs, start = offs, min_io_unit;
 	struct ubifs_scan_leb *sleb;
 	void *buf = sbuf + offs;
 
···
 	if (IS_ERR(sleb))
 		return sleb;
 
-	if (sleb->ecc)
-		need_clean = 1;
-
+	ubifs_assert(len >= 8);
 	while (len >= 8) {
-		int ret;
-
 		dbg_scan("look at LEB %d:%d (%d bytes left)",
 			 lnum, offs, len);
 
···
 		 * Scan quietly until there is an error from which we cannot
 		 * recover
 		 */
-		ret = ubifs_scan_a_node(c, buf, len, lnum, offs, quiet);
-
+		ret = ubifs_scan_a_node(c, buf, len, lnum, offs, 0);
 		if (ret == SCANNED_A_NODE) {
 			/* A valid node, and not a padding node */
 			struct ubifs_ch *ch = buf;
···
 			offs += node_len;
 			buf += node_len;
 			len -= node_len;
-			continue;
-		}
-
-		if (ret > 0) {
+		} else if (ret > 0) {
 			/* Padding bytes or a valid padding node */
 			offs += ret;
 			buf += ret;
 			len -= ret;
-			continue;
-		}
-
-		if (ret == SCANNED_EMPTY_SPACE) {
-			if (!is_empty(buf, len)) {
-				if (!is_last_write(c, buf, offs))
-					break;
-				clean_buf(c, &buf, lnum, &offs, &len);
-				need_clean = 1;
-			}
-			empty_chkd = 1;
+		} else if (ret == SCANNED_EMPTY_SPACE ||
+			   ret == SCANNED_GARBAGE     ||
+			   ret == SCANNED_A_BAD_PAD_NODE ||
+			   ret == SCANNED_A_CORRUPT_NODE) {
+			dbg_rcvry("found corruption - %d", ret);
 			break;
-		}
-
-		if (ret == SCANNED_GARBAGE || ret == SCANNED_A_BAD_PAD_NODE)
-			if (is_last_write(c, buf, offs)) {
-				clean_buf(c, &buf, lnum, &offs, &len);
-				need_clean = 1;
-				empty_chkd = 1;
-				break;
-			}
-
-		if (ret == SCANNED_A_CORRUPT_NODE)
-			if (no_more_nodes(c, buf, len, lnum, offs)) {
-				clean_buf(c, &buf, lnum, &offs, &len);
-				need_clean = 1;
-				empty_chkd = 1;
-				break;
-			}
-
-		if (quiet) {
-			/* Redo the last scan but noisily */
-			quiet = 0;
-			continue;
-		}
-
-		switch (ret) {
-		case SCANNED_GARBAGE:
-			dbg_err("garbage");
-			goto corrupted;
-		case SCANNED_A_CORRUPT_NODE:
-		case SCANNED_A_BAD_PAD_NODE:
-			dbg_err("bad node");
-			goto corrupted;
-		default:
-			dbg_err("unknown");
+		} else {
+			dbg_err("unexpected return value %d", ret);
 			err = -EINVAL;
 			goto error;
 		}
 	}
 
-	if (!empty_chkd && !is_empty(buf, len)) {
-		if (is_last_write(c, buf, offs)) {
-			clean_buf(c, &buf, lnum, &offs, &len);
-			need_clean = 1;
-		} else {
+	if (ret == SCANNED_GARBAGE || ret == SCANNED_A_BAD_PAD_NODE) {
+		if (!is_last_write(c, buf, offs))
+			goto corrupted_rescan;
+	} else if (ret == SCANNED_A_CORRUPT_NODE) {
+		if (!no_more_nodes(c, buf, len, lnum, offs))
+			goto corrupted_rescan;
+	} else if (!is_empty(buf, len)) {
+		if (!is_last_write(c, buf, offs)) {
 			int corruption = first_non_ff(buf, len);
 
 			/*
···
 		}
 	}
 
-	/* Drop nodes from incomplete group */
-	if (grouped && drop_incomplete_group(sleb, &offs)) {
-		buf = sbuf + offs;
-		len = c->leb_size - offs;
-		clean_buf(c, &buf, lnum, &offs, &len);
-		need_clean = 1;
-	}
+	min_io_unit = round_down(offs, c->min_io_size);
+	if (grouped)
+		/*
+		 * If nodes are grouped, always drop the incomplete group at
+		 * the end.
+		 */
+		drop_last_node(sleb, &offs, 1);
 
-	if (offs % c->min_io_size) {
-		clean_buf(c, &buf, lnum, &offs, &len);
-		need_clean = 1;
-	}
+	/*
+	 * While we are in the middle of the same min. I/O unit keep dropping
+	 * nodes. So basically, what we want is to make sure that the last min.
+	 * I/O unit where we saw the corruption is dropped completely with all
+	 * the uncorrupted node which may possibly sit there.
+	 *
+	 * In other words, let's name the min. I/O unit where the corruption
+	 * starts B, and the previous min. I/O unit A. The below code tries to
+	 * deal with a situation when half of B contains valid nodes or the end
+	 * of a valid node, and the second half of B contains corrupted data or
+	 * garbage. This means that UBIFS had been writing to B just before the
+	 * power cut happened. I do not know how realistic is this scenario
+	 * that half of the min. I/O unit had been written successfully and the
+	 * other half not, but this is possible in our 'failure mode emulation'
+	 * infrastructure at least.
+	 *
+	 * So what is the problem, why we need to drop those nodes? Whey can't
+	 * we just clean-up the second half of B by putting a padding node
+	 * there? We can, and this works fine with one exception which was
+	 * reproduced with power cut emulation testing and happens extremely
+	 * rarely. The description follows, but it is worth noting that that is
+	 * only about the GC head, so we could do this trick only if the bud
+	 * belongs to the GC head, but it does not seem to be worth an
+	 * additional "if" statement.
+	 *
+	 * So, imagine the file-system is full, we run GC which is moving valid
+	 * nodes from LEB X to LEB Y (obviously, LEB Y is the current GC head
+	 * LEB). The @c->gc_lnum is -1, which means that GC will retain LEB X
+	 * and will try to continue. Imagine that LEB X is currently the
+	 * dirtiest LEB, and the amount of used space in LEB Y is exactly the
+	 * same as amount of free space in LEB X.
+	 *
+	 * And a power cut happens when nodes are moved from LEB X to LEB Y. We
+	 * are here trying to recover LEB Y which is the GC head LEB. We find
+	 * the min. I/O unit B as described above. Then we clean-up LEB Y by
+	 * padding min. I/O unit. And later 'ubifs_rcvry_gc_commit()' function
+	 * fails, because it cannot find a dirty LEB which could be GC'd into
+	 * LEB Y! Even LEB X does not match because the amount of valid nodes
+	 * there does not fit the free space in LEB Y any more! And this is
+	 * because of the padding node which we added to LEB Y. The
+	 * user-visible effect of this which I once observed and analysed is
+	 * that we cannot mount the file-system with -ENOSPC error.
+	 *
+	 * So obviously, to make sure that situation does not happen we should
+	 * free min. I/O unit B in LEB Y completely and the last used min. I/O
+	 * unit in LEB Y should be A. This is basically what the below code
+	 * tries to do.
+	 */
+	while (min_io_unit == round_down(offs, c->min_io_size) &&
+	       min_io_unit != offs &&
+	       drop_last_node(sleb, &offs, grouped));
 
+	buf = sbuf + offs;
+	len = c->leb_size - offs;
+
+	clean_buf(c, &buf, lnum, &offs, &len);
 	ubifs_end_scan(c, sleb, lnum, offs);
 
-	if (need_clean) {
-		err = fix_unclean_leb(c, sleb, start);
-		if (err)
-			goto error;
-	}
+	err = fix_unclean_leb(c, sleb, start);
+	if (err)
+		goto error;
 
 	return sleb;
 
+corrupted_rescan:
+	/* Re-scan the corrupted data with verbose messages */
+	dbg_err("corruptio %d", ret);
+	ubifs_scan_a_node(c, buf, len, lnum, offs, 1);
 corrupted:
 	ubifs_scanned_corruption(c, lnum, offs, buf);
 	err = -EUCLEAN;
···
 }
 
 /**
+ * grab_empty_leb - grab an empty LEB to use as GC LEB and run commit.
+ * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
+ *
+ * This is a helper function for 'ubifs_rcvry_gc_commit()' which grabs an empty
+ * LEB to be used as GC LEB (@c->gc_lnum), and then runs the commit. Returns
+ * zero in case of success and a negative error code in case of failure.
+ */
+static int grab_empty_leb(struct ubifs_info *c)
+{
+	int lnum, err;
+
+	/*
+	 * Note, it is very important to first search for an empty LEB and then
+	 * run the commit, not vice-versa. The reason is that there might be
+	 * only one empty LEB at the moment, the one which has been the
+	 * @c->gc_lnum just before the power cut happened. During the regular
+	 * UBIFS operation (not now) @c->gc_lnum is marked as "taken", so no
+	 * one but GC can grab it. But at this moment this single empty LEB is
+	 * not marked as taken, so if we run commit - what happens? Right, the
+	 * commit will grab it and write the index there. Remember that the
+	 * index always expands as long as there is free space, and it only
+	 * starts consolidating when we run out of space.
+	 *
+	 * IOW, if we run commit now, we might not be able to find a free LEB
+	 * after this.
+	 */
+	lnum = ubifs_find_free_leb_for_idx(c);
+	if (lnum < 0) {
+		dbg_err("could not find an empty LEB");
+		dbg_dump_lprops(c);
+		dbg_dump_budg(c, &c->bi);
+		return lnum;
+	}
+
+	/* Reset the index flag */
+	err = ubifs_change_one_lp(c, lnum, LPROPS_NC, LPROPS_NC, 0,
+				  LPROPS_INDEX, 0);
+	if (err)
+		return err;
+
+	c->gc_lnum = lnum;
+	dbg_rcvry("found empty LEB %d, run commit", lnum);
+
+	return ubifs_run_commit(c);
+}
+
+/**
  * ubifs_rcvry_gc_commit - recover the GC LEB number and run the commit.
  * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
  *
···
 {
 	struct ubifs_wbuf *wbuf = &c->jheads[GCHD].wbuf;
 	struct ubifs_lprops lp;
-	int lnum, err;
+	int err;
+
+	dbg_rcvry("GC head LEB %d, offs %d", wbuf->lnum, wbuf->offs);
 
 	c->gc_lnum = -1;
-	if (wbuf->lnum == -1) {
-		dbg_rcvry("no GC head LEB");
-		goto find_free;
-	}
-	/*
-	 * See whether the used space in the dirtiest LEB fits in the GC head
-	 * LEB.
-	 */
-	if (wbuf->offs == c->leb_size) {
-		dbg_rcvry("no room in GC head LEB");
-		goto find_free;
-	}
+	if (wbuf->lnum == -1 || wbuf->offs == c->leb_size)
+		return grab_empty_leb(c);
+
 	err = ubifs_find_dirty_leb(c, &lp, wbuf->offs, 2);
 	if (err) {
-		/*
-		 * There are no dirty or empty LEBs subject to here being
-		 * enough for the index. Try to use
-		 * 'ubifs_find_free_leb_for_idx()', which will return any empty
-		 * LEBs (ignoring index requirements). If the index then
-		 * doesn't have enough LEBs the recovery commit will fail -
-		 * which is the  same result anyway i.e. recovery fails. So
-		 * there is no problem ignoring index  requirements and just
-		 * grabbing a free LEB since we have already established there
-		 * is not a dirty LEB we could have used instead.
-		 */
-		if (err == -ENOSPC) {
-			dbg_rcvry("could not find a dirty LEB");
-			goto find_free;
-		}
-		return err;
+		if (err != -ENOSPC)
+			return err;
+
+		dbg_rcvry("could not find a dirty LEB");
+		return grab_empty_leb(c);
 	}
+
 	ubifs_assert(!(lp.flags & LPROPS_INDEX));
-	lnum = lp.lnum;
-	if (lp.free + lp.dirty == c->leb_size) {
-		/* An empty LEB was returned */
-		if (lp.free != c->leb_size) {
-			err = ubifs_change_one_lp(c, lnum, c->leb_size,
-						  0, 0, 0, 0);
-			if (err)
-				return err;
-		}
-		err = ubifs_leb_unmap(c, lnum);
-		if (err)
-			return err;
-		c->gc_lnum = lnum;
-		dbg_rcvry("allocated LEB %d for GC", lnum);
-		/* Run the commit */
-		dbg_rcvry("committing");
-		return ubifs_run_commit(c);
-	}
-	/*
-	 * There was no empty LEB so the used space in the dirtiest LEB must fit
-	 * in the GC head LEB.
-	 */
-	if (lp.free + lp.dirty < wbuf->offs) {
-		dbg_rcvry("LEB %d doesn't fit in GC head LEB %d:%d",
-			  lnum, wbuf->lnum, wbuf->offs);
-		err = ubifs_return_leb(c, lnum);
-		if (err)
-			return err;
-		goto find_free;
-	}
+	ubifs_assert(lp.free + lp.dirty >= wbuf->offs);
+
 	/*
 	 * We run the commit before garbage collection otherwise subsequent
 	 * mounts will see the GC and orphan deletion in a different order.
···
 	err = ubifs_run_commit(c);
 	if (err)
 		return err;
-	/*
-	 * The data in the dirtiest LEB fits in the GC head LEB, so do the GC
-	 * - use locking to keep 'ubifs_assert()' happy.
-	 */
-	dbg_rcvry("GC'ing LEB %d", lnum);
+
+	dbg_rcvry("GC'ing LEB %d", lp.lnum);
 	mutex_lock_nested(&wbuf->io_mutex, wbuf->jhead);
 	err = ubifs_garbage_collect_leb(c, &lp);
 	if (err >= 0) {
···
 			err = -EINVAL;
 		return err;
 	}
-	if (err != LEB_RETAINED) {
-		dbg_err("GC returned %d", err);
+
+	ubifs_assert(err == LEB_RETAINED);
+	if (err != LEB_RETAINED)
 		return -EINVAL;
-	}
+
 	err = ubifs_leb_unmap(c, c->gc_lnum);
 	if (err)
 		return err;
-	dbg_rcvry("allocated LEB %d for GC", lnum);
-	return 0;
 
-find_free:
-	/*
-	 * There is no GC head LEB or the free space in the GC head LEB is too
-	 * small, or there are not dirty LEBs. Allocate gc_lnum by calling
-	 * 'ubifs_find_free_leb_for_idx()' so GC is not run.
-	 */
-	lnum = ubifs_find_free_leb_for_idx(c);
-	if (lnum < 0) {
-		dbg_err("could not find an empty LEB");
-		return lnum;
-	}
-	/* And reset the index flag */
-	err = ubifs_change_one_lp(c, lnum, LPROPS_NC, LPROPS_NC, 0,
-				  LPROPS_INDEX, 0);
-	if (err)
-		return err;
-	c->gc_lnum = lnum;
-	dbg_rcvry("allocated LEB %d for GC", lnum);
-	/* Run the commit */
-	dbg_rcvry("committing");
-	return ubifs_run_commit(c);
+	dbg_rcvry("allocated LEB %d for GC", lp.lnum);
+	return 0;
 }
 
 /**
···
 	err = ubi_leb_change(c->ubi, lnum, c->sbuf, len, UBI_UNKNOWN);
 	if (err)
 		goto out;
-	dbg_rcvry("inode %lu at %d:%d size %lld -> %lld ",
+	dbg_rcvry("inode %lu at %d:%d size %lld -> %lld",
 		  (unsigned long)e->inum, lnum, offs, i_size, e->d_size);
 	return 0;
 
···
 				e->i_size = le64_to_cpu(ino->size);
 			}
 		}
+
 		if (e->exists && e->i_size < e->d_size) {
-			if (!e->inode && c->ro_mount) {
+			if (c->ro_mount) {
 				/* Fix the inode size and pin it in memory */
 				struct inode *inode;
+				struct ubifs_inode *ui;
+
+				ubifs_assert(!e->inode);
 
 				inode = ubifs_iget(c->vfs_sb, e->inum);
 				if (IS_ERR(inode))
 					return PTR_ERR(inode);
+
+				ui = ubifs_inode(inode);
 				if (inode->i_size < e->d_size) {
 					dbg_rcvry("ino %lu size %lld -> %lld",
 						  (unsigned long)e->inum,
-						  e->d_size, inode->i_size);
+						  inode->i_size, e->d_size);
 					inode->i_size = e->d_size;
-					ubifs_inode(inode)->ui_size = e->d_size;
+					ui->ui_size = e->d_size;
+					ui->synced_i_size = e->d_size;
 					e->inode = inode;
 					this = rb_next(this);
 					continue;
···
 					iput(e->inode);
 			}
 		}
+
 		this = rb_next(this);
 		rb_erase(&e->rb, &c->size_tree);
 		kfree(e);
 	}
+
 	return 0;
 }

fs/ubifs/replay.c

···
  */
 
 #include "ubifs.h"
-
-/*
- * Replay flags.
- *
- * REPLAY_DELETION: node was deleted
- * REPLAY_REF: node is a reference node
- */
-enum {
-	REPLAY_DELETION = 1,
-	REPLAY_REF = 2,
-};
+#include <linux/list_sort.h>
 
 /**
- * struct replay_entry - replay tree entry.
+ * struct replay_entry - replay list entry.
  * @lnum: logical eraseblock number of the node
  * @offs: node offset
  * @len: node length
+ * @deletion: non-zero if this entry corresponds to a node deletion
  * @sqnum: node sequence number
- * @flags: replay flags
- * @rb: links the replay tree
+ * @list: links the replay list
  * @key: node key
  * @nm: directory entry name
  * @old_size: truncation old size
  * @new_size: truncation new size
- * @free: amount of free space in a bud
- * @dirty: amount of dirty space in a bud from padding and deletion nodes
- * @jhead: journal head number of the bud
  *
- * UBIFS journal replay must compare node sequence numbers, which means it must
- * build a tree of node information to insert into the TNC.
+ * The replay process first scans all buds and builds the replay list, then
+ * sorts the replay list in nodes sequence number order, and then inserts all
+ * the replay entries to the TNC.
  */
 struct replay_entry {
 	int lnum;
 	int offs;
 	int len;
+	unsigned int deletion:1;
 	unsigned long long sqnum;
-	int flags;
-	struct rb_node rb;
+	struct list_head list;
 	union ubifs_key key;
 	union {
 		struct qstr nm;
 		struct {
 			loff_t old_size;
 			loff_t new_size;
-		};
-		struct {
-			int free;
-			int dirty;
-			int jhead;
 		};
 	};
 };
···
  * struct bud_entry - entry in the list of buds to replay.
  * @list: next bud in the list
  * @bud: bud description object
- * @free: free bytes in the bud
  * @sqnum: reference node sequence number
+ * @free: free bytes in the bud
+ * @dirty: dirty bytes in the bud
  */
 struct bud_entry {
 	struct list_head list;
 	struct ubifs_bud *bud;
-	int free;
 	unsigned long long sqnum;
+	int free;
+	int dirty;
 };
 
 /**
  * set_bud_lprops - set free and dirty space used by a bud.
  * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
- * @r: replay entry of bud
+ * @b: bud entry which describes the bud
+ *
+ * This function makes sure the LEB properties of bud @b are set correctly
+ * after the replay. Returns zero in case of success and a negative error code
+ * in case of failure.
  */
-static int set_bud_lprops(struct ubifs_info *c, struct replay_entry *r)
+static int set_bud_lprops(struct ubifs_info *c, struct bud_entry *b)
 {
 	const struct ubifs_lprops *lp;
 	int err = 0, dirty;
 
 	ubifs_get_lprops(c);
 
-	lp = ubifs_lpt_lookup_dirty(c, r->lnum);
+	lp = ubifs_lpt_lookup_dirty(c, b->bud->lnum);
 	if (IS_ERR(lp)) {
 		err = PTR_ERR(lp);
 		goto out;
 	}
 
 	dirty = lp->dirty;
-	if (r->offs == 0 && (lp->free != c->leb_size || lp->dirty != 0)) {
+	if (b->bud->start == 0 && (lp->free != c->leb_size || lp->dirty != 0)) {
 		/*
 		 * The LEB was added to the journal with a starting offset of
 		 * zero which means the LEB must have been empty. The LEB
-		 * property values should be lp->free == c->leb_size and
-		 * lp->dirty == 0, but that is not the case. The reason is that
-		 * the LEB was garbage collected. The garbage collector resets
-		 * the free and dirty space without recording it anywhere except
-		 * lprops, so if there is not a commit then lprops does not have
-		 * that information next time the file system is mounted.
+		 * property values should be @lp->free == @c->leb_size and
+		 * @lp->dirty == 0, but that is not the case. The reason is that
+		 * the LEB had been garbage collected before it became the bud,
+		 * and there was not commit inbetween. The garbage collector
+		 * resets the free and dirty space without recording it
+		 * anywhere except lprops, so if there was no commit then
+		 * lprops does not have that information.
 		 *
 		 * We do not need to adjust free space because the scan has told
 		 * us the exact value which is recorded in the replay entry as
-		 * r->free.
+		 * @b->free.
 		 *
 		 * However we do need to subtract from the dirty space the
 		 * amount of space that the garbage collector reclaimed, which
 		 * is the whole LEB minus the amount of space that was free.
 		 */
-		dbg_mnt("bud LEB %d was GC'd (%d free, %d dirty)", r->lnum,
+		dbg_mnt("bud LEB %d was GC'd (%d free, %d dirty)", b->bud->lnum,
 			lp->free, lp->dirty);
-		dbg_gc("bud LEB %d was GC'd (%d free, %d dirty)", r->lnum,
+		dbg_gc("bud LEB %d was GC'd (%d free, %d dirty)", b->bud->lnum,
 			lp->free, lp->dirty);
 		dirty -= c->leb_size - lp->free;
 		/*
···
 		 */
 		if (dirty != 0)
 			dbg_msg("LEB %d lp: %d free %d dirty "
-				"replay: %d free %d dirty", r->lnum, lp->free,
-				lp->dirty, r->free, r->dirty);
+				"replay: %d free %d dirty", b->bud->lnum,
+				lp->free, lp->dirty, b->free, b->dirty);
 	}
-	lp = ubifs_change_lp(c, lp, r->free, dirty + r->dirty,
+	lp = ubifs_change_lp(c, lp, b->free, dirty + b->dirty,
 			     lp->flags | LPROPS_TAKEN, 0);
 	if (IS_ERR(lp)) {
 		err = PTR_ERR(lp);
···
 	}
 
 	/* Make sure the journal head points to the latest bud */
-	err = ubifs_wbuf_seek_nolock(&c->jheads[r->jhead].wbuf, r->lnum,
-				     c->leb_size - r->free, UBI_SHORTTERM);
+	err = ubifs_wbuf_seek_nolock(&c->jheads[b->bud->jhead].wbuf,
+				     b->bud->lnum, c->leb_size - b->free,
+				     UBI_SHORTTERM);
 
 out:
 	ubifs_release_lprops(c);
 	return err;
+}
+
+/**
+ * set_buds_lprops - set free and dirty space for all replayed buds.
+ * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
+ *
+ * This function sets LEB properties for all replayed buds. Returns zero in
+ * case of success and a negative error code in case of failure.
+ */
+static int set_buds_lprops(struct ubifs_info *c)
+{
+	struct bud_entry *b;
+	int err;
+
+	list_for_each_entry(b, &c->replay_buds, list) {
+		err = set_bud_lprops(c, b);
+		if (err)
+			return err;
+	}
+
+	return 0;
 }
 
 /**
···
  */
 static int apply_replay_entry(struct ubifs_info *c, struct replay_entry *r)
 {
-	int err, deletion = ((r->flags & REPLAY_DELETION) != 0);
+	int err;
 
-	dbg_mnt("LEB %d:%d len %d flgs %d sqnum %llu %s", r->lnum,
-		r->offs, r->len, r->flags, r->sqnum, DBGKEY(&r->key));
+	dbg_mnt("LEB %d:%d len %d deletion %d sqnum %llu %s", r->lnum,
+		r->offs, r->len, r->deletion, r->sqnum, DBGKEY(&r->key));
 
 	/* Set c->replay_sqnum to help deal with dangling branches. */
 	c->replay_sqnum = r->sqnum;
 
-	if (r->flags & REPLAY_REF)
-		err = set_bud_lprops(c, r);
-	else if (is_hash_key(c, &r->key)) {
-		if (deletion)
+	if (is_hash_key(c, &r->key)) {
+		if (r->deletion)
 			err = ubifs_tnc_remove_nm(c, &r->key, &r->nm);
 		else
 			err = ubifs_tnc_add_nm(c, &r->key, r->lnum, r->offs,
 					       r->len, &r->nm);
 	} else {
-		if (deletion)
+		if (r->deletion)
 			switch (key_type(c, &r->key)) {
 			case UBIFS_INO_KEY:
 			{
···
 			return err;
 
 		if (c->need_recovery)
-			err = ubifs_recover_size_accum(c, &r->key, deletion,
+			err = ubifs_recover_size_accum(c, &r->key, r->deletion,
 						       r->new_size);
 	}
 
···
 }
 
 /**
- * destroy_replay_tree - destroy the replay.
- * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
+ * replay_entries_cmp - compare 2 replay entries.
+ * @priv: UBIFS file-system description object
+ * @a: first replay entry
+ * @a: second replay entry
  *
- * Destroy the replay tree.
+ * This is a comparios function for 'list_sort()' which compares 2 replay
+ * entries @a and @b by comparing their sequence numer.  Returns %1 if @a has
+ * greater sequence number and %-1 otherwise.
  */
-static void destroy_replay_tree(struct ubifs_info *c)
+static int replay_entries_cmp(void *priv, struct list_head *a,
+			      struct list_head *b)
 {
-	struct rb_node *this = c->replay_tree.rb_node;
-	struct replay_entry *r;
+	struct replay_entry *ra, *rb;
 
-	while (this) {
-		if (this->rb_left) {
-			this = this->rb_left;
-			continue;
-		} else if (this->rb_right) {
-			this = this->rb_right;
-			continue;
-		}
-		r = rb_entry(this, struct replay_entry, rb);
-		this = rb_parent(this);
-		if (this) {
-			if (this->rb_left == &r->rb)
-				this->rb_left = NULL;
-			else
-				this->rb_right = NULL;
-		}
-		if (is_hash_key(c, &r->key))
-			kfree(r->nm.name);
-		kfree(r);
-	}
-	c->replay_tree = RB_ROOT;
+	cond_resched();
+	if (a == b)
+		return 0;
+
+	ra = list_entry(a, struct replay_entry, list);
+	rb = list_entry(b, struct replay_entry, list);
+	ubifs_assert(ra->sqnum != rb->sqnum);
+	if (ra->sqnum > rb->sqnum)
+		return 1;
+	return -1;
 }
 
 /**
- * apply_replay_tree - apply the replay tree to the TNC.
+ * apply_replay_list - apply the replay list to the TNC.
  * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
  *
- * Apply the replay tree.
- * Returns zero in case of success and a negative error code in case of
- * failure.
+ * Apply all entries in the replay list to the TNC. Returns zero in case of
+ * success and a negative error code in case of failure.
  */
-static int apply_replay_tree(struct ubifs_info *c)
+static int apply_replay_list(struct ubifs_info *c)
 {
-	struct rb_node *this = rb_first(&c->replay_tree);
+	struct replay_entry *r;
+	int err;
 
-	while (this) {
-		struct replay_entry *r;
-		int err;
+	list_sort(c, &c->replay_list, &replay_entries_cmp);
 
+	list_for_each_entry(r, &c->replay_list, list) {
 		cond_resched();
 
-		r = rb_entry(this, struct replay_entry, rb);
 		err = apply_replay_entry(c, r);
 		if (err)
 			return err;
-		this = rb_next(this);
 	}
+
 	return 0;
 }
 
 /**
- * insert_node - insert a node to the replay tree.
+ * destroy_replay_list - destroy the replay.
+ * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
+ *
+ * Destroy the replay list.
+ */
+static void destroy_replay_list(struct ubifs_info *c)
+{
+	struct replay_entry *r, *tmp;
+
+	list_for_each_entry_safe(r, tmp, &c->replay_list, list) {
+		if (is_hash_key(c, &r->key))
+			kfree(r->nm.name);
+		list_del(&r->list);
+		kfree(r);
+	}
+}
+
+/**
+ * insert_node - insert a node to the replay list
  * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
  * @lnum: node logical eraseblock number
  * @offs: node offset
···
  * @old_size: truncation old size
  * @new_size: truncation new size
  *
- * This function inserts a scanned non-direntry node to the replay tree. The
- * replay tree is an RB-tree containing @struct replay_entry elements which are
- * indexed by the sequence number. The replay tree is applied at the very end
- * of the replay process. Since the tree is sorted in sequence number order,
- * the older modifications are applied first. This function returns zero in
- * case of success and a negative error code in case of failure.
+ * This function inserts a scanned non-direntry node to the replay list. The
+ * replay list contains @struct replay_entry elements, and we sort this list in
+ * sequence number order before applying it. The replay list is applied at the
+ * very end of the replay process. Since the list is sorted in sequence number
+ * order, the older modifications are applied first. This function returns zero
+ * in case of success and a negative error code in case of failure.
  */
 static int insert_node(struct ubifs_info *c, int lnum, int offs, int len,
 		       union ubifs_key *key, unsigned long long sqnum,
 		       int deletion, int *used, loff_t old_size,
 		       loff_t new_size)
 {
-	struct rb_node **p = &c->replay_tree.rb_node, *parent = NULL;
 	struct replay_entry *r;
+
+	dbg_mnt("add LEB %d:%d, key %s", lnum, offs, DBGKEY(key));
 
 	if (key_inum(c, key) >= c->highest_inum)
 		c->highest_inum = key_inum(c, key);
-
-	dbg_mnt("add LEB %d:%d, key %s", lnum, offs, DBGKEY(key));
-	while (*p) {
-		parent = *p;
-		r = rb_entry(parent, struct replay_entry, rb);
-		if (sqnum < r->sqnum) {
-			p = &(*p)->rb_left;
-			continue;
-		} else if (sqnum > r->sqnum) {
-			p = &(*p)->rb_right;
-			continue;
-		}
-		ubifs_err("duplicate sqnum in replay");
-		return -EINVAL;
-	}
 
 	r = kzalloc(sizeof(struct replay_entry), GFP_KERNEL);
 	if (!r)
···
 	r->lnum = lnum;
 	r->offs = offs;
 	r->len = len;
+	r->deletion = !!deletion;
 	r->sqnum = sqnum;
-	r->flags = (deletion ? REPLAY_DELETION : 0);
+	key_copy(c, key, &r->key);
 	r->old_size = old_size;
 	r->new_size = new_size;
-	key_copy(c, key, &r->key);
 
-	rb_link_node(&r->rb, parent, p);
-	rb_insert_color(&r->rb, &c->replay_tree);
+	list_add_tail(&r->list, &c->replay_list);
 	return 0;
 }
 
 /**
- * insert_dent - insert a directory entry node into the replay tree.
+ * insert_dent - insert a directory entry node into the replay list.
  * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
  * @lnum: node logical eraseblock number
  * @offs: node offset
···
  * @deletion: non-zero if this is a deletion
  * @used: number of bytes in use in a LEB
  *
- * This function inserts a scanned directory entry node to the replay tree.
- * Returns zero in case of success and a negative error code in case of
- * failure.
- *
- * This function is also used for extended attribute entries because they are
- * implemented as directory entry nodes.
+ * This function inserts a scanned directory entry node or an extended
+ * attribute entry to the replay list. Returns zero in case of success and a
+ * negative error code in case of failure.
  */
 static int insert_dent(struct ubifs_info *c, int lnum, int offs, int len,
 		       union ubifs_key *key, const char *name, int nlen,
 		       unsigned long long sqnum, int deletion, int *used)
 {
-	struct rb_node **p = &c->replay_tree.rb_node, *parent = NULL;
 	struct replay_entry *r;
 	char *nbuf;
 
+	dbg_mnt("add LEB %d:%d, key %s", lnum, offs, DBGKEY(key));
 	if (key_inum(c, key) >= c->highest_inum)
 		c->highest_inum = key_inum(c, key);
-
-	dbg_mnt("add LEB %d:%d, key %s", lnum, offs, DBGKEY(key));
-	while (*p) {
-		parent = *p;
-		r = rb_entry(parent, struct replay_entry, rb);
-		if (sqnum < r->sqnum) {
-			p = &(*p)->rb_left;
-			continue;
-		}
-		if (sqnum > r->sqnum) {
-			p = &(*p)->rb_right;
-			continue;
-		}
-		ubifs_err("duplicate sqnum in replay");
-		return -EINVAL;
-	}
 
 	r = kzalloc(sizeof(struct replay_entry), GFP_KERNEL);
 	if (!r)
 		return -ENOMEM;
+
 	nbuf = kmalloc(nlen + 1, GFP_KERNEL);
 	if (!nbuf) {
 		kfree(r);
···
 	r->lnum = lnum;
 	r->offs = offs;
 	r->len = len;
+	r->deletion = !!deletion;
 	r->sqnum = sqnum;
+	key_copy(c, key, &r->key);
 	r->nm.len = nlen;
 	memcpy(nbuf, name, nlen);
 	nbuf[nlen] = '\0';
 	r->nm.name = nbuf;
-	r->flags = (deletion ? REPLAY_DELETION : 0);
-	key_copy(c, key, &r->key);
 
-	ubifs_assert(!*p);
-	rb_link_node(&r->rb, parent, p);
-	rb_insert_color(&r->rb, &c->replay_tree);
+	list_add_tail(&r->list, &c->replay_list);
 	return 0;
 }
 
···
 }
 
 /**
+ * is_last_bud - check if the bud is the last in the journal head.
+ * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
+ * @bud: bud description object
+ *
+ * This function checks if bud @bud is the last bud in its journal head. This
+ * information is then used by 'replay_bud()' to decide whether the bud can
+ * have corruptions or not. Indeed, only last buds can be corrupted by power
+ * cuts. Returns %1 if this is the last bud, and %0 if not.
+ */
+static int is_last_bud(struct ubifs_info *c, struct ubifs_bud *bud)
+{
+	struct ubifs_jhead *jh = &c->jheads[bud->jhead];
+	struct ubifs_bud *next;
+	uint32_t data;
+	int err;
+
+	if (list_is_last(&bud->list, &jh->buds_list))
+		return 1;
+
+	/*
+	 * The following is a quirk to make sure we work correctly with UBIFS
+	 * images used with older UBIFS.
+	 *
+	 * Normally, the last bud will be the last in the journal head's list
+	 * of bud. However, there is one exception if the UBIFS image belongs
+	 * to older UBIFS. This is fairly unlikely: one would need to use old
+	 * UBIFS, then have a power cut exactly at the right point, and then
+	 * try to mount this image with new UBIFS.
+	 *
+	 * The exception is: it is possible to have 2 buds A and B, A goes
+	 * before B, and B is the last, bud B is contains no data, and bud A is
+	 * corrupted at the end. The reason is that in older versions when the
+	 * journal code switched the next bud (from A to B), it first added a
+	 * log reference node for the new bud (B), and only after this it
+	 * synchronized the write-buffer of current bud (A). But later this was
+	 * changed and UBIFS started to always synchronize the write-buffer of
+	 * the bud (A) before writing the log reference for the new bud (B).
+	 *
+	 * But because older UBIFS always synchronized A's write-buffer before
+	 * writing to B, we can recognize this exceptional situation but
+	 * checking the contents of bud B - if it is empty, then A can be
+	 * treated as the last and we can recover it.
+	 *
+	 * TODO: remove this piece of code in a couple of years (today it is
+	 * 16.05.2011).
+	 */
+	next = list_entry(bud->list.next, struct ubifs_bud, list);
+	if (!list_is_last(&next->list, &jh->buds_list))
+		return 0;
+
+	err = ubi_read(c->ubi, next->lnum, (char *)&data,
+		       next->start, 4);
+	if (err)
+		return 0;
+
+	return data == 0xFFFFFFFF;
+}
+
+/**
  * replay_bud - replay a bud logical eraseblock.
  * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
- * @lnum: bud logical eraseblock number to replay
- * @offs: bud start offset
- * @jhead: journal head to which this bud belongs
- * @free: amount of free space in the bud is returned here
- * @dirty: amount of dirty space from padding and deletion nodes is returned
- * here
+ * @b: bud entry which describes the bud
  *
- * This function returns zero in case of success and a negative error code in
- * case of failure.
+ * This function replays bud @bud, recovers it if needed, and adds all nodes
+ * from this bud to the replay list. Returns zero in case of success and a
+ * negative error code in case of failure.
  */
-static int replay_bud(struct ubifs_info *c, int lnum, int offs, int jhead,
-		      int *free, int *dirty)
+static int replay_bud(struct ubifs_info *c, struct bud_entry *b)
 {
-	int err = 0, used = 0;
+	int is_last = is_last_bud(c, b->bud);
+	int err = 0, used = 0, lnum = b->bud->lnum, offs = b->bud->start;
 	struct ubifs_scan_leb *sleb;
 	struct ubifs_scan_node *snod;
-	struct ubifs_bud *bud;
 
-	dbg_mnt("replay bud LEB %d, head %d", lnum, jhead);
-	if (c->need_recovery)
-		sleb = ubifs_recover_leb(c, lnum, offs, c->sbuf, jhead != GCHD);
+	dbg_mnt("replay bud LEB %d, head %d, offs %d, is_last %d",
+		lnum, b->bud->jhead, offs, is_last);
+
+	if (c->need_recovery && is_last)
+		/*
+		 * Recover only last LEBs in the journal heads, because power
+		 * cuts may cause corruptions only in these LEBs, because only
+		 * these LEBs could possibly be written to at the power cut
+		 * time.
+		 */
+		sleb = ubifs_recover_leb(c, lnum, offs, c->sbuf,
+					 b->bud->jhead != GCHD);
 	else
 		sleb = ubifs_scan(c, lnum, offs, c->sbuf, 0);
 	if (IS_ERR(sleb))
···
 			goto out;
 	}
 
-	bud = ubifs_search_bud(c, lnum);
-	if (!bud)
-		BUG();
-
+	ubifs_assert(ubifs_search_bud(c, lnum));
 	ubifs_assert(sleb->endpt - offs >= used);
 	ubifs_assert(sleb->endpt % c->min_io_size == 0);
 
-	*dirty = sleb->endpt - offs - used;
-	*free = c->leb_size - sleb->endpt;
+	b->dirty = sleb->endpt - offs - used;
+	b->free = c->leb_size - sleb->endpt;
+	dbg_mnt("bud LEB %d replied: dirty %d, free %d", lnum, b->dirty, b->free);
 
 out:
 	ubifs_scan_destroy(sleb);
···
 }
 
 /**
- * insert_ref_node - insert a reference node to the replay tree.
- * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
- * @lnum: node logical eraseblock number
- * @offs: node offset
- * @sqnum: sequence number
- * @free: amount of free space in bud
- * @dirty: amount of dirty space from padding and deletion nodes
- * @jhead: journal head number for the bud
- *
- * This function inserts a reference node to the replay tree and returns zero
- * in case of success or a negative error code in case of failure.
- */
-static int insert_ref_node(struct ubifs_info *c, int lnum, int offs,
-			   unsigned long long sqnum, int free, int dirty,
-			   int jhead)
-{
-	struct rb_node **p = &c->replay_tree.rb_node, *parent = NULL;
-	struct replay_entry *r;
-
-	dbg_mnt("add ref LEB %d:%d", lnum, offs);
-	while (*p) {
-		parent = *p;
-		r = rb_entry(parent, struct replay_entry, rb);
-		if (sqnum < r->sqnum) {
-			p = &(*p)->rb_left;
-			continue;
-		} else if (sqnum > r->sqnum) {
-			p = &(*p)->rb_right;
-			continue;
-		}
-		ubifs_err("duplicate sqnum in replay tree");
-		return -EINVAL;
-	}
-
-	r = kzalloc(sizeof(struct replay_entry), GFP_KERNEL);
-	if (!r)
-		return -ENOMEM;
-
-	r->lnum = lnum;
-	r->offs = offs;
-	r->sqnum = sqnum;
-	r->flags = REPLAY_REF;
-	r->free = free;
-	r->dirty = dirty;
-	r->jhead = jhead;
-
-	rb_link_node(&r->rb, parent, p);
-	rb_insert_color(&r->rb, &c->replay_tree);
-	return 0;
-}
-
-/**
  * replay_buds - replay all buds.
  * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
  *
···
 static int replay_buds(struct ubifs_info *c)
 {
 	struct bud_entry *b;
-	int err, uninitialized_var(free), uninitialized_var(dirty);
+	int err;
+	unsigned long long prev_sqnum = 0;
 
 	list_for_each_entry(b, &c->replay_buds, list) {
-		err = replay_bud(c, b->bud->lnum, b->bud->start, b->bud->jhead,
-				 &free, &dirty);
+		err = replay_bud(c, b);
 		if (err)
 			return err;
-		err = insert_ref_node(c, b->bud->lnum, b->bud->start, b->sqnum,
-				      free, dirty, b->bud->jhead);
-		if (err)
-			return err;
+
+		ubifs_assert(b->sqnum > prev_sqnum);
+		prev_sqnum = b->sqnum;
 	}
 
 	return 0;
···
 	if (err)
 		goto out;
 
-	err = apply_replay_tree(c);
+	err = apply_replay_list(c);
+	if (err)
+		goto out;
+
+	err = set_buds_lprops(c);
 	if (err)
 		goto out;
 
 	/*
-	 * UBIFS budgeting calculations use @c->budg_uncommitted_idx variable
-	 * to roughly estimate index growth. Things like @c->min_idx_lebs
+	 * UBIFS budgeting calculations use @c->bi.uncommitted_idx variable
+	 * to roughly estimate index growth. Things like @c->bi.min_idx_lebs
 	 * depend on it. This means we have to initialize it to make sure
 	 * budgeting works properly.
 	 */
-	c->budg_uncommitted_idx = atomic_long_read(&c->dirty_zn_cnt);
-	c->budg_uncommitted_idx *= c->max_idx_node_sz;
+	c->bi.uncommitted_idx = atomic_long_read(&c->dirty_zn_cnt);
+	c->bi.uncommitted_idx *= c->max_idx_node_sz;
 
 	ubifs_assert(c->bud_bytes <= c->max_bud_bytes || c->need_recovery);
 	dbg_mnt("finished, log head LEB %d:%d, max_sqnum %llu, "
 		"highest_inum %lu", c->lhead_lnum, c->lhead_offs, c->max_sqnum,
 		(unsigned long)c->highest_inum);
 out:
-	destroy_replay_tree(c);
+	destroy_replay_list(c);
 	destroy_bud_list(c);
 	c->replaying = 0;
 	return err;

fs/ubifs/sb.c

···
  * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
  *
  * This function returns a pointer to the superblock node or a negative error
- * code.
+ * code. Note, the user of this function is responsible of kfree()'ing the
+ * returned superblock buffer.
  */
 struct ubifs_sb_node *ubifs_read_sb_node(struct ubifs_info *c)
 {
···
 	c->vfs_sb->s_time_gran = le32_to_cpu(sup->time_gran);
 	memcpy(&c->uuid, &sup->uuid, 16);
 	c->big_lpt = !!(sup_flags & UBIFS_FLG_BIGLPT);
+	c->space_fixup = !!(sup_flags & UBIFS_FLG_SPACE_FIXUP);
 
 	/* Automatically increase file system size to the maximum size */
 	c->old_leb_cnt = c->leb_cnt;
···
 	err = validate_sb(c, sup);
 out:
 	kfree(sup);
+	return err;
+}
+
+/**
+ * fixup_leb - fixup/unmap an LEB containing free space.
+ * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
+ * @lnum: the LEB number to fix up
+ * @len: number of used bytes in LEB (starting at offset 0)
+ *
+ * This function reads the contents of the given LEB number @lnum, then fixes
+ * it up, so that empty min. I/O units in the end of LEB are actually erased on
+ * flash (rather than being just all-0xff real data). If the LEB is completely
+ * empty, it is simply unmapped.
+ */
+static int fixup_leb(struct ubifs_info *c, int lnum, int len)
+{
+	int err;
+
+	ubifs_assert(len >= 0);
+	ubifs_assert(len % c->min_io_size == 0);
+	ubifs_assert(len < c->leb_size);
+
+	if (len == 0) {
+		dbg_mnt("unmap empty LEB %d", lnum);
+		return ubi_leb_unmap(c->ubi, lnum);
+	}
+
+	dbg_mnt("fixup LEB %d, data len %d", lnum, len);
+	err = ubi_read(c->ubi, lnum, c->sbuf, 0, len);
+	if (err)
+		return err;
+
+	return ubi_leb_change(c->ubi, lnum, c->sbuf, len, UBI_UNKNOWN);
+}
+
+/**
+ * fixup_free_space - find & remap all LEBs containing free space.
+ * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
+ *
+ * This function walks through all LEBs in the filesystem and fiexes up those
+ * containing free/empty space.
+ */
+static int fixup_free_space(struct ubifs_info *c)
+{
+	int lnum, err = 0;
+	struct ubifs_lprops *lprops;
+
+	ubifs_get_lprops(c);
+
+	/* Fixup LEBs in the master area */
+	for (lnum = UBIFS_MST_LNUM; lnum < UBIFS_LOG_LNUM; lnum++) {
+		err = fixup_leb(c, lnum, c->mst_offs + c->mst_node_alsz);
+		if (err)
+			goto out;
+	}
+
+	/* Unmap unused log LEBs */
+	lnum = ubifs_next_log_lnum(c, c->lhead_lnum);
+	while (lnum != c->ltail_lnum) {
+		err = fixup_leb(c, lnum, 0);
+		if (err)
+			goto out;
+		lnum = ubifs_next_log_lnum(c, lnum);
+	}
+
+	/* Fixup the current log head */
+	err = fixup_leb(c, c->lhead_lnum, c->lhead_offs);
+	if (err)
+		goto out;
+
+	/* Fixup LEBs in the LPT area */
+	for (lnum = c->lpt_first; lnum <= c->lpt_last; lnum++) {
+		int free = c->ltab[lnum - c->lpt_first].free;
+
+		if (free > 0) {
+			err = fixup_leb(c, lnum, c->leb_size - free);
+			if (err)
+				goto out;
+		}
+	}
+
+	/* Unmap LEBs in the orphans area */
+	for (lnum = c->orph_first; lnum <= c->orph_last; lnum++) {
+		err = fixup_leb(c, lnum, 0);
+		if (err)
+			goto out;
+	}
+
+	/* Fixup LEBs in the main area */
+	for (lnum = c->main_first; lnum < c->leb_cnt; lnum++) {
+		lprops = ubifs_lpt_lookup(c, lnum);
+		if (IS_ERR(lprops)) {
+			err = PTR_ERR(lprops);
+			goto out;
+		}
+
+		if (lprops->free > 0) {
+			err = fixup_leb(c, lnum, c->leb_size - lprops->free);
+			if (err)
+				goto out;
+		}
+	}
+
+out:
+	ubifs_release_lprops(c);
+	return err;
+}
+
+/**
+ * ubifs_fixup_free_space - find & fix all LEBs with free space.
+ * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
+ *
+ * This function fixes up LEBs containing free space on first mount, if the
+ * appropriate flag was set when the FS was created. Each LEB with one or more
+ * empty min. I/O unit (i.e. free-space-count > 0) is re-written, to make sure
+ * the free space is actually erased. E.g., this is necessary for some NAND
+ * chips, since the free space may have been programmed like real "0xff" data
+ * (generating a non-0xff ECC), causing future writes to the not-really-erased
+ * NAND pages to behave badly. After the space is fixed up, the superblock flag
+ * is cleared, so that this is skipped for all future mounts.
+ */
+int ubifs_fixup_free_space(struct ubifs_info *c)
+{
+	int err;
+	struct ubifs_sb_node *sup;
+
+	ubifs_assert(c->space_fixup);
+	ubifs_assert(!c->ro_mount);
+
+	ubifs_msg("start fixing up free space");
+
+	err = fixup_free_space(c);
+	if (err)
+		return err;
+
+	sup = ubifs_read_sb_node(c);
+	if (IS_ERR(sup))
+		return PTR_ERR(sup);
+
+	/* Free-space fixup is no longer required */
+	c->space_fixup = 0;
+	sup->flags &= cpu_to_le32(~UBIFS_FLG_SPACE_FIXUP);
+
+	err = ubifs_write_sb_node(c, sup);
+	kfree(sup);
+	if (err)
+		return err;
+
+	ubifs_msg("free space fixup complete");
 	return err;
 }

fs/ubifs/super.c

···
 		ubifs_release_dirty_inode_budget(c, ui);
 	else {
 		/* We've deleted something - clean the "no space" flags */
-		c->nospace = c->nospace_rp = 0;
+		c->bi.nospace = c->bi.nospace_rp = 0;
 		smp_wmb();
 	}
 done:
···
 	 * be compressed and direntries are of the maximum size.
 	 *
 	 * Note, data, which may be stored in inodes is budgeted separately, so
-	 * it is not included into 'c->inode_budget'.
+	 * it is not included into 'c->bi.inode_budget'.
 	 */
-	c->page_budget = UBIFS_MAX_DATA_NODE_SZ * UBIFS_BLOCKS_PER_PAGE;
-	c->inode_budget = UBIFS_INO_NODE_SZ;
-	c->dent_budget = UBIFS_MAX_DENT_NODE_SZ;
+	c->bi.page_budget = UBIFS_MAX_DATA_NODE_SZ * UBIFS_BLOCKS_PER_PAGE;
+	c->bi.inode_budget = UBIFS_INO_NODE_SZ;
+	c->bi.dent_budget = UBIFS_MAX_DENT_NODE_SZ;
 
 	/*
 	 * When the amount of flash space used by buds becomes
···
 {
 	long long tmp64;
 
-	c->min_idx_lebs = ubifs_calc_min_idx_lebs(c);
+	c->bi.min_idx_lebs = ubifs_calc_min_idx_lebs(c);
 	c->report_rp_size = ubifs_reported_space(c, c->rp_size);
 
 	/*
···
 {
 	ubifs_assert(c->dark_wm > 0);
 	if (c->lst.total_free + c->lst.total_dirty < c->dark_wm) {
-		ubifs_err("insufficient free space to mount in read/write mode");
-		dbg_dump_budg(c);
+		ubifs_err("insufficient free space to mount in R/W mode");
+		dbg_dump_budg(c, &c->bi);
 		dbg_dump_lprops(c);
 		return -ENOSPC;
 	}
···
 	if (err)
 		goto out_lpt;
 
-	err = dbg_check_idx_size(c, c->old_idx_sz);
+	err = dbg_check_idx_size(c, c->bi.old_idx_sz);
 	if (err)
 		goto out_lpt;
 
···
 		goto out_journal;
 
 	/* Calculate 'min_idx_lebs' after journal replay */
-	c->min_idx_lebs = ubifs_calc_min_idx_lebs(c);
+	c->bi.min_idx_lebs = ubifs_calc_min_idx_lebs(c);
 
 	err = ubifs_mount_orphans(c, c->need_recovery, c->ro_mount);
 	if (err)
···
 	} else
 		ubifs_assert(c->lst.taken_empty_lebs > 0);
 
+	if (!c->ro_mount && c->space_fixup) {
+		err = ubifs_fixup_free_space(c);
+		if (err)
+			goto out_infos;
+	}
+
 	err = dbg_check_filesystem(c);
 	if (err)
 		goto out_infos;
···
 		c->main_lebs, c->main_first, c->leb_cnt - 1);
 	dbg_msg("index LEBs:          %d", c->lst.idx_lebs);
 	dbg_msg("total index bytes:   %lld (%lld KiB, %lld MiB)",
-		c->old_idx_sz, c->old_idx_sz >> 10, c->old_idx_sz >> 20);
+		c->bi.old_idx_sz, c->bi.old_idx_sz >> 10,
+		c->bi.old_idx_sz >> 20);
 	dbg_msg("key hash type:       %d", c->key_hash_type);
 	dbg_msg("tree fanout:         %d", c->fanout);
 	dbg_msg("reserved GC LEB:     %d", c->gc_lnum);
···
 	dbg_msg("node sizes:          ref %zu, cmt. start %zu, orph %zu",
 		UBIFS_REF_NODE_SZ, UBIFS_CS_NODE_SZ, UBIFS_ORPH_NODE_SZ);
 	dbg_msg("max. node sizes:     data %zu, inode %zu dentry %zu, idx %d",
-	        UBIFS_MAX_DATA_NODE_SZ, UBIFS_MAX_INO_NODE_SZ,
+		UBIFS_MAX_DATA_NODE_SZ, UBIFS_MAX_INO_NODE_SZ,
 		UBIFS_MAX_DENT_NODE_SZ, ubifs_idx_node_sz(c, c->fanout));
 	dbg_msg("dead watermark:      %d", c->dead_wm);
 	dbg_msg("dark watermark:      %d", c->dark_wm);
···
 		}
 		sup->leb_cnt = cpu_to_le32(c->leb_cnt);
 		err = ubifs_write_sb_node(c, sup);
+		kfree(sup);
 		if (err)
 			goto out;
 	}
···
 		 */
 		err = dbg_check_space_info(c);
 	}
+
+	if (c->space_fixup) {
+		err = ubifs_fixup_free_space(c);
+		if (err)
+			goto out;
+	}
+
 	mutex_unlock(&c->umount_mutex);
 	return err;
 
···
 	 * to write them back because of I/O errors.
 	 */
 	if (!c->ro_error) {
-		ubifs_assert(atomic_long_read(&c->dirty_pg_cnt) == 0);
-		ubifs_assert(c->budg_idx_growth == 0);
-		ubifs_assert(c->budg_dd_growth == 0);
-		ubifs_assert(c->budg_data_growth == 0);
+		ubifs_assert(c->bi.idx_growth == 0);
+		ubifs_assert(c->bi.dd_growth == 0);
+		ubifs_assert(c->bi.data_growth == 0);
 	}
 
 	/*

fs/ubifs/tnc.c

···
 		if (err) {
 			/* Ensure the znode is dirtied */
 			if (znode->cnext || !ubifs_zn_dirty(znode)) {
-				    znode = dirty_cow_bottom_up(c, znode);
-				    if (IS_ERR(znode)) {
-					    err = PTR_ERR(znode);
-					    goto out_unlock;
-				    }
+				znode = dirty_cow_bottom_up(c, znode);
+				if (IS_ERR(znode)) {
+					err = PTR_ERR(znode);
+					goto out_unlock;
+				}
 			}
 			err = tnc_delete(c, znode, n);
 		}

fs/ubifs/tnc_commit.c

···
 				c->gap_lebs = NULL;
 				return err;
 			}
-			if (!dbg_force_in_the_gaps_enabled) {
+			if (dbg_force_in_the_gaps_enabled()) {
 				/*
 				 * Do not print scary warnings if the debugging
 				 * option which forces in-the-gaps is enabled.
 				 */
-				ubifs_err("out of space");
-				spin_lock(&c->space_lock);
-				dbg_dump_budg(c);
-				spin_unlock(&c->space_lock);
+				ubifs_warn("out of space");
+				dbg_dump_budg(c, &c->bi);
 				dbg_dump_lprops(c);
 			}
 			/* Try to commit anyway */
···
 	spin_lock(&c->space_lock);
 	/*
 	 * Although we have not finished committing yet, update size of the
-	 * committed index ('c->old_idx_sz') and zero out the index growth
+	 * committed index ('c->bi.old_idx_sz') and zero out the index growth
 	 * budget. It is OK to do this now, because we've reserved all the
 	 * space which is needed to commit the index, and it is save for the
 	 * budgeting subsystem to assume the index is already committed,
 	 * even though it is not.
 	 */
-	ubifs_assert(c->min_idx_lebs == ubifs_calc_min_idx_lebs(c));
-	c->old_idx_sz = c->calc_idx_sz;
-	c->budg_uncommitted_idx = 0;
-	c->min_idx_lebs = ubifs_calc_min_idx_lebs(c);
+	ubifs_assert(c->bi.min_idx_lebs == ubifs_calc_min_idx_lebs(c));
+	c->bi.old_idx_sz = c->calc_idx_sz;
+	c->bi.uncommitted_idx = 0;
+	c->bi.min_idx_lebs = ubifs_calc_min_idx_lebs(c);
 	spin_unlock(&c->space_lock);
 	mutex_unlock(&c->tnc_mutex);
 

fs/ubifs/ubifs-media.h

···
  * Superblock flags.
  *
  * UBIFS_FLG_BIGLPT: if "big" LPT model is used if set
+ * UBIFS_FLG_SPACE_FIXUP: first-mount "fixup" of free space within LEBs needed
  */
 enum {
 	UBIFS_FLG_BIGLPT = 0x02,
+	UBIFS_FLG_SPACE_FIXUP = 0x04,
 };
 
 /**
···
 	__u8 node_type;
 	__u8 group_type;
 	__u8 padding[2];
-} __attribute__ ((packed));
+} __packed;
 
 /**
  * union ubifs_dev_desc - device node descriptor.
···
 union ubifs_dev_desc {
 	__le32 new;
 	__le64 huge;
-} __attribute__ ((packed));
+} __packed;
 
 /**
  * struct ubifs_ino_node - inode node.
···
 	__le16 compr_type;
 	__u8 padding2[26]; /* Watch 'zero_ino_node_unused()' if changing! */
 	__u8 data[];
-} __attribute__ ((packed));
+} __packed;
 
 /**
  * struct ubifs_dent_node - directory entry node.
···
 	__le16 nlen;
 	__u8 padding2[4]; /* Watch 'zero_dent_node_unused()' if changing! */
 	__u8 name[];
-} __attribute__ ((packed));
+} __packed;
 
 /**
  * struct ubifs_data_node - data node.
···
 	__le16 compr_type;
 	__u8 padding[2]; /* Watch 'zero_data_node_unused()' if changing! */
 	__u8 data[];
-} __attribute__ ((packed));
+} __packed;
 
 /**
  * struct ubifs_trun_node - truncation node.
···
 	__u8 padding[12]; /* Watch 'zero_trun_node_unused()' if changing! */
 	__le64 old_size;
 	__le64 new_size;
-} __attribute__ ((packed));
+} __packed;
 
 /**
  * struct ubifs_pad_node - padding node.
···
 struct ubifs_pad_node {
 	struct ubifs_ch ch;
 	__le32 pad_len;
-} __attribute__ ((packed));
+} __packed;
 
 /**
  * struct ubifs_sb_node - superblock node.
···
 	__u8 uuid[16];
 	__le32 ro_compat_version;
 	__u8 padding2[3968];
-} __attribute__ ((packed));
+} __packed;
 
 /**
  * struct ubifs_mst_node - master node.
···
 	__le32 idx_lebs;
 	__le32 leb_cnt;
 	__u8 padding[344];
-} __attribute__ ((packed));
+} __packed;
 
 /**
  * struct ubifs_ref_node - logical eraseblock reference node.
···
 	__le32 offs;
 	__le32 jhead;
 	__u8 padding[28];
-} __attribute__ ((packed));
+} __packed;
 
 /**
  * struct ubifs_branch - key/reference/length branch
···
 	__le32 offs;
 	__le32 len;
 	__u8 key[];
-} __attribute__ ((packed));
+} __packed;
 
 /**
  * struct ubifs_idx_node - indexing node.
···
 	__le16 child_cnt;
 	__le16 level;
 	__u8 branches[];
-} __attribute__ ((packed));
+} __packed;
 
 /**
  * struct ubifs_cs_node - commit start node.
···
 struct ubifs_cs_node {
 	struct ubifs_ch ch;
 	__le64 cmt_no;
-} __attribute__ ((packed));
+} __packed;
 
 /**
  * struct ubifs_orph_node - orphan node.
···
 	struct ubifs_ch ch;
 	__le64 cmt_no;
 	__le64 inos[];
-} __attribute__ ((packed));
+} __packed;
 
 #endif /* __UBIFS_MEDIA_H__ */

fs/ubifs/ubifs.h

···
  * The @ui_size is a "shadow" variable for @inode->i_size and UBIFS uses
  * @ui_size instead of @inode->i_size. The reason for this is that UBIFS cannot
  * make sure @inode->i_size is always changed under @ui_mutex, because it
- * cannot call 'truncate_setsize()' with @ui_mutex locked, because it would deadlock
- * with 'ubifs_writepage()' (see file.c). All the other inode fields are
- * changed under @ui_mutex, so they do not need "shadow" fields. Note, one
+ * cannot call 'truncate_setsize()' with @ui_mutex locked, because it would
+ * deadlock with 'ubifs_writepage()' (see file.c). All the other inode fields
+ * are changed under @ui_mutex, so they do not need "shadow" fields. Note, one
  * could consider to rework locking and base it on "shadow" fields.
  */
 struct ubifs_inode {
···
 	unsigned int compr_type:2;
 };
 
+/**
+ * struct ubifs_budg_info - UBIFS budgeting information.
+ * @idx_growth: amount of bytes budgeted for index growth
+ * @data_growth: amount of bytes budgeted for cached data
+ * @dd_growth: amount of bytes budgeted for cached data that will make
+ *             other data dirty
+ * @uncommitted_idx: amount of bytes were budgeted for growth of the index, but
+ *                   which still have to be taken into account because the index
+ *                   has not been committed so far
+ * @old_idx_sz: size of index on flash
+ * @min_idx_lebs: minimum number of LEBs required for the index
+ * @nospace: non-zero if the file-system does not have flash space (used as
+ *           optimization)
+ * @nospace_rp: the same as @nospace, but additionally means that even reserved
+ *              pool is full
+ * @page_budget: budget for a page (constant, nenver changed after mount)
+ * @inode_budget: budget for an inode (constant, nenver changed after mount)
+ * @dent_budget: budget for a directory entry (constant, nenver changed after
+ *               mount)
+ */
+struct ubifs_budg_info {
+	long long idx_growth;
+	long long data_growth;
+	long long dd_growth;
+	long long uncommitted_idx;
+	unsigned long long old_idx_sz;
+	int min_idx_lebs;
+	unsigned int nospace:1;
+	unsigned int nospace_rp:1;
+	int page_budget;
+	int inode_budget;
+	int dent_budget;
+};
+
 struct ubifs_debug_info;
 
 /**
···
  * @cmt_wq: wait queue to sleep on if the log is full and a commit is running
  *
  * @big_lpt: flag that LPT is too big to write whole during commit
+ * @space_fixup: flag indicating that free space in LEBs needs to be cleaned up
  * @no_chk_data_crc: do not check CRCs when reading data nodes (except during
  *                   recovery)
  * @bulk_read: enable bulk-reads
···
  * @dirty_zn_cnt: number of dirty znodes
  * @clean_zn_cnt: number of clean znodes
  *
- * @budg_idx_growth: amount of bytes budgeted for index growth
- * @budg_data_growth: amount of bytes budgeted for cached data
- * @budg_dd_growth: amount of bytes budgeted for cached data that will make
- *                  other data dirty
- * @budg_uncommitted_idx: amount of bytes were budgeted for growth of the index,
- *                        but which still have to be taken into account because
- *                        the index has not been committed so far
- * @space_lock: protects @budg_idx_growth, @budg_data_growth, @budg_dd_growth,
- *              @budg_uncommited_idx, @min_idx_lebs, @old_idx_sz, @lst,
- *              @nospace, and @nospace_rp;
- * @min_idx_lebs: minimum number of LEBs required for the index
- * @old_idx_sz: size of index on flash
+ * @space_lock: protects @bi and @lst
+ * @lst: lprops statistics
+ * @bi: budgeting information
  * @calc_idx_sz: temporary variable which is used to calculate new index size
  *               (contains accurate new index size at end of TNC commit start)
- * @lst: lprops statistics
- * @nospace: non-zero if the file-system does not have flash space (used as
- *           optimization)
- * @nospace_rp: the same as @nospace, but additionally means that even reserved
- *              pool is full
- *
- * @page_budget: budget for a page
- * @inode_budget: budget for an inode
- * @dent_budget: budget for a directory entry
  *
  * @ref_node_alsz: size of the LEB reference node aligned to the min. flash
- * I/O unit
+ *                 I/O unit
  * @mst_node_alsz: master node aligned size
  * @min_idx_node_sz: minimum indexing node aligned on 8-bytes boundary
  * @max_idx_node_sz: maximum indexing node aligned on 8-bytes boundary
···
  * @replaying: %1 during journal replay
  * @mounting: %1 while mounting
  * @remounting_rw: %1 while re-mounting from R/O mode to R/W mode
- * @replay_tree: temporary tree used during journal replay
  * @replay_list: temporary list used during journal replay
  * @replay_buds: list of buds to replay
  * @cs_sqnum: sequence number of first node in the log (commit start node)
···
 	wait_queue_head_t cmt_wq;
 
 	unsigned int big_lpt:1;
+	unsigned int space_fixup:1;
 	unsigned int no_chk_data_crc:1;
 	unsigned int bulk_read:1;
 	unsigned int default_compr:2;
···
 	atomic_long_t dirty_zn_cnt;
 	atomic_long_t clean_zn_cnt;
 
-	long long budg_idx_growth;
-	long long budg_data_growth;
-	long long budg_dd_growth;
-	long long budg_uncommitted_idx;
 	spinlock_t space_lock;
-	int min_idx_lebs;
-	unsigned long long old_idx_sz;
-	unsigned long long calc_idx_sz;
 	struct ubifs_lp_stats lst;
-	unsigned int nospace:1;
-	unsigned int nospace_rp:1;
-
-	int page_budget;
-	int inode_budget;
-	int dent_budget;
+	struct ubifs_budg_info bi;
+	unsigned long long calc_idx_sz;
 
 	int ref_node_alsz;
 	int mst_node_alsz;
···
 	unsigned int replaying:1;
 	unsigned int mounting:1;
 	unsigned int remounting_rw:1;
-	struct rb_root replay_tree;
 	struct list_head replay_list;
 	struct list_head replay_buds;
 	unsigned long long cs_sqnum;
···
 int ubifs_read_superblock(struct ubifs_info *c);
 struct ubifs_sb_node *ubifs_read_sb_node(struct ubifs_info *c);
 int ubifs_write_sb_node(struct ubifs_info *c, struct ubifs_sb_node *sup);
+int ubifs_fixup_free_space(struct ubifs_info *c);
 
 /* replay.c */
 int ubifs_validate_entry(struct ubifs_info *c,

fs/ubifs/xattr.c

···
 	SECURITY_XATTR,
 };
 
-static const struct inode_operations none_inode_operations;
-static const struct file_operations none_file_operations;
+static const struct inode_operations empty_iops;
+static const struct file_operations empty_fops;
 
 /**
  * create_xattr - create an extended attribute.
···
 
 	/* Re-define all operations to be "nothing" */
 	inode->i_mapping->a_ops = &empty_aops;
-	inode->i_op = &none_inode_operations;
-	inode->i_fop = &none_file_operations;
+	inode->i_op = &empty_iops;
+	inode->i_fop = &empty_fops;
 
 	inode->i_flags |= S_SYNC | S_NOATIME | S_NOCMTIME | S_NOQUOTA;
 	ui = ubifs_inode(inode);