RISC-V CPU Idle Support

This series adds RISC-V CPU Idle support using SBI HSM suspend function.
The RISC-V SBI CPU idle driver added by this series is highly inspired
from the ARM PSCI CPU idle driver.

Special thanks Sandeep Tripathy for providing early feeback on SBI HSM
support in all above projects (RISC-V SBI specification, OpenSBI, and
Linux RISC-V).

* palmer/riscv-idle:
RISC-V: Enable RISC-V SBI CPU Idle driver for QEMU virt machine
dt-bindings: Add common bindings for ARM and RISC-V idle states
cpuidle: Add RISC-V SBI CPU idle driver
cpuidle: Factor-out power domain related code from PSCI domain driver
RISC-V: Add SBI HSM suspend related defines
RISC-V: Add arch functions for non-retentive suspend entry/exit
RISC-V: Rename relocate() and make it global
RISC-V: Enable CPU_IDLE drivers

Documentation/devicetree/bindings/arm/idle-states.yaml Documentation/devicetree/bindings/cpu/idle-states.yaml

···
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: (GPL-2.0-only OR BSD-2-Clause)
 %YAML 1.2
 ---
-$id: http://devicetree.org/schemas/arm/idle-states.yaml#
+$id: http://devicetree.org/schemas/cpu/idle-states.yaml#
 $schema: http://devicetree.org/meta-schemas/core.yaml#
 
-title: ARM idle states binding description
+title: Idle states binding description
 
 maintainers:
   - Lorenzo Pieralisi <[e-mail]>
+  - Anup Patel <[e-mail]>
 
 description: |+
   ==========================================
   1 - Introduction
   ==========================================
 
-  ARM systems contain HW capable of managing power consumption dynamically,
-  where cores can be put in different low-power states (ranging from simple wfi
-  to power gating) according to OS PM policies. The CPU states representing the
-  range of dynamic idle states that a processor can enter at run-time, can be
-  specified through device tree bindings representing the parameters required to
-  enter/exit specific idle states on a given processor.
+  ARM and RISC-V systems contain HW capable of managing power consumption
+  dynamically, where cores can be put in different low-power states (ranging
+  from simple wfi to power gating) according to OS PM policies. The CPU states
+  representing the range of dynamic idle states that a processor can enter at
+  run-time, can be specified through device tree bindings representing the
+  parameters required to enter/exit specific idle states on a given processor.
+
+  ==========================================
+  2 - ARM idle states
+  ==========================================
 
   According to the Server Base System Architecture document (SBSA, [3]), the
   power states an ARM CPU can be put into are identified by the following list:
···
   The device tree binding definition for ARM idle states is the subject of this
   document.
 
+  ==========================================
+  3 - RISC-V idle states
+  ==========================================
+
+  On RISC-V systems, the HARTs (or CPUs) [6] can be put in platform specific
+  suspend (or idle) states (ranging from simple WFI, power gating, etc). The
+  RISC-V SBI v0.3 (or higher) [7] hart state management extension provides a
+  standard mechanism for OS to request HART state transitions.
+
+  The platform specific suspend (or idle) states of a hart can be either
+  retentive or non-rententive in nature. A retentive suspend state will
+  preserve HART registers and CSR values for all privilege modes whereas
+  a non-retentive suspend state will not preserve HART registers and CSR
+  values.
+
   ===========================================
-  2 - idle-states definitions
+  4 - idle-states definitions
   ===========================================
 
   Idle states are characterized for a specific system through a set of
···
   properties specification that is the subject of the following sections.
 
   ===========================================
-  3 - idle-states node
+  5 - idle-states node
   ===========================================
 
-  ARM processor idle states are defined within the idle-states node, which is
+  The processor idle states are defined within the idle-states node, which is
   a direct child of the cpus node [1] and provides a container where the
   processor idle states, defined as device tree nodes, are listed.
 
···
   just supports idle_standby, an idle-states node is not required.
 
   ===========================================
-  4 - References
+  6 - References
   ===========================================
 
   [1] ARM Linux Kernel documentation - CPUs bindings
···
   [4] ARM Architecture Reference Manuals
       http://infocenter.arm.com/help/index.jsp
 
-  [6] ARM Linux Kernel documentation - Booting AArch64 Linux
+  [5] ARM Linux Kernel documentation - Booting AArch64 Linux
       Documentation/arm64/booting.rst
+
+  [6] RISC-V Linux Kernel documentation - CPUs bindings
+      Documentation/devicetree/bindings/riscv/cpus.yaml
+
+  [7] RISC-V Supervisor Binary Interface (SBI)
+      http://github.com/riscv/riscv-sbi-doc/riscv-sbi.adoc
 
 properties:
   $nodename:
···
       On ARM 32-bit systems this property is optional
 
       This assumes that the "enable-method" property is set to "psci" in the cpu
-      node[6] that is responsible for setting up CPU idle management in the OS
+      node[5] that is responsible for setting up CPU idle management in the OS
       implementation.
     const: psci
 
···
       as follows.
 
       The idle state entered by executing the wfi instruction (idle_standby
-      SBSA,[3][4]) is considered standard on all ARM platforms and therefore
-      must not be listed.
+      SBSA,[3][4]) is considered standard on all ARM and RISC-V platforms and
+      therefore must not be listed.
 
       In addition to the properties listed above, a state node may require
       additional properties specific to the entry-method defined in the
···
 
     properties:
       compatible:
-        const: arm,idle-state
+        enum:
+          - arm,idle-state
+          - riscv,idle-state
+
+      arm,psci-suspend-param:
+        $ref: /schemas/types.yaml#/definitions/uint32
+        description: |
+          power_state parameter to pass to the ARM PSCI suspend call.
+
+          Device tree nodes that require usage of PSCI CPU_SUSPEND function
+          (i.e. idle states node with entry-method property is set to "psci")
+          must specify this property.
+
+      riscv,sbi-suspend-param:
+        $ref: /schemas/types.yaml#/definitions/uint32
+        description: |
+          suspend_type parameter to pass to the RISC-V SBI HSM suspend call.
+
+          This property is required in idle state nodes of device tree meant
+          for RISC-V systems. For more details on the suspend_type parameter
+          refer the SBI specifiation v0.3 (or higher) [7].
 
       local-timer-stop:
         description:
···
         $ref: /schemas/types.yaml#/definitions/string
         description:
           A string used as a descriptive name for the idle state.
+
+    additionalProperties: false
 
     required:
       - compatible
···
                 exit-latency-us = <2000>;
                 min-residency-us = <6500>;
                 wakeup-latency-us = <2300>;
+            };
+        };
+    };
+
+  - |
+    // Example 3 (RISC-V 64-bit, 4-cpu systems, two clusters):
+
+    cpus {
+        #size-cells = <0>;
+        #address-cells = <1>;
+
+        cpu@0 {
+            device_type = "cpu";
+            compatible = "riscv";
+            reg = <0x0>;
+            riscv,isa = "rv64imafdc";
+            mmu-type = "riscv,sv48";
+            cpu-idle-states = <&CPU_RET_0_0 &CPU_NONRET_0_0
+                            &CLUSTER_RET_0 &CLUSTER_NONRET_0>;
+
+            cpu_intc0: interrupt-controller {
+                #interrupt-cells = <1>;
+                compatible = "riscv,cpu-intc";
+                interrupt-controller;
+            };
+        };
+
+        cpu@1 {
+            device_type = "cpu";
+            compatible = "riscv";
+            reg = <0x1>;
+            riscv,isa = "rv64imafdc";
+            mmu-type = "riscv,sv48";
+            cpu-idle-states = <&CPU_RET_0_0 &CPU_NONRET_0_0
+                            &CLUSTER_RET_0 &CLUSTER_NONRET_0>;
+
+            cpu_intc1: interrupt-controller {
+                #interrupt-cells = <1>;
+                compatible = "riscv,cpu-intc";
+                interrupt-controller;
+            };
+        };
+
+        cpu@10 {
+            device_type = "cpu";
+            compatible = "riscv";
+            reg = <0x10>;
+            riscv,isa = "rv64imafdc";
+            mmu-type = "riscv,sv48";
+            cpu-idle-states = <&CPU_RET_1_0 &CPU_NONRET_1_0
+                            &CLUSTER_RET_1 &CLUSTER_NONRET_1>;
+
+            cpu_intc10: interrupt-controller {
+                #interrupt-cells = <1>;
+                compatible = "riscv,cpu-intc";
+                interrupt-controller;
+            };
+        };
+
+        cpu@11 {
+            device_type = "cpu";
+            compatible = "riscv";
+            reg = <0x11>;
+            riscv,isa = "rv64imafdc";
+            mmu-type = "riscv,sv48";
+            cpu-idle-states = <&CPU_RET_1_0 &CPU_NONRET_1_0
+                            &CLUSTER_RET_1 &CLUSTER_NONRET_1>;
+
+            cpu_intc11: interrupt-controller {
+                #interrupt-cells = <1>;
+                compatible = "riscv,cpu-intc";
+                interrupt-controller;
+            };
+        };
+
+        idle-states {
+            CPU_RET_0_0: cpu-retentive-0-0 {
+                compatible = "riscv,idle-state";
+                riscv,sbi-suspend-param = <0x10000000>;
+                entry-latency-us = <20>;
+                exit-latency-us = <40>;
+                min-residency-us = <80>;
+            };
+
+            CPU_NONRET_0_0: cpu-nonretentive-0-0 {
+                compatible = "riscv,idle-state";
+                riscv,sbi-suspend-param = <0x90000000>;
+                entry-latency-us = <250>;
+                exit-latency-us = <500>;
+                min-residency-us = <950>;
+            };
+
+            CLUSTER_RET_0: cluster-retentive-0 {
+                compatible = "riscv,idle-state";
+                riscv,sbi-suspend-param = <0x11000000>;
+                local-timer-stop;
+                entry-latency-us = <50>;
+                exit-latency-us = <100>;
+                min-residency-us = <250>;
+                wakeup-latency-us = <130>;
+            };
+
+            CLUSTER_NONRET_0: cluster-nonretentive-0 {
+                compatible = "riscv,idle-state";
+                riscv,sbi-suspend-param = <0x91000000>;
+                local-timer-stop;
+                entry-latency-us = <600>;
+                exit-latency-us = <1100>;
+                min-residency-us = <2700>;
+                wakeup-latency-us = <1500>;
+            };
+
+            CPU_RET_1_0: cpu-retentive-1-0 {
+                compatible = "riscv,idle-state";
+                riscv,sbi-suspend-param = <0x10000010>;
+                entry-latency-us = <20>;
+                exit-latency-us = <40>;
+                min-residency-us = <80>;
+            };
+
+            CPU_NONRET_1_0: cpu-nonretentive-1-0 {
+                compatible = "riscv,idle-state";
+                riscv,sbi-suspend-param = <0x90000010>;
+                entry-latency-us = <250>;
+                exit-latency-us = <500>;
+                min-residency-us = <950>;
+            };
+
+            CLUSTER_RET_1: cluster-retentive-1 {
+                compatible = "riscv,idle-state";
+                riscv,sbi-suspend-param = <0x11000010>;
+                local-timer-stop;
+                entry-latency-us = <50>;
+                exit-latency-us = <100>;
+                min-residency-us = <250>;
+                wakeup-latency-us = <130>;
+            };
+
+            CLUSTER_NONRET_1: cluster-nonretentive-1 {
+                compatible = "riscv,idle-state";
+                riscv,sbi-suspend-param = <0x91000010>;
+                local-timer-stop;
+                entry-latency-us = <600>;
+                exit-latency-us = <1100>;
+                min-residency-us = <2700>;
+                wakeup-latency-us = <1500>;
             };
         };
     };

Documentation/devicetree/bindings/arm/msm/qcom,idle-state.txt

···
 		};
 	};
 
-[1]. Documentation/devicetree/bindings/arm/idle-states.yaml
+[1]. Documentation/devicetree/bindings/cpu/idle-states.yaml

Documentation/devicetree/bindings/arm/psci.yaml

···
       bindings in [1]) must specify this property.
 
       [1] Kernel documentation - ARM idle states bindings
-        Documentation/devicetree/bindings/arm/idle-states.yaml
+        Documentation/devicetree/bindings/cpu/idle-states.yaml
 
 patternProperties:
   "^power-domain-":

Documentation/devicetree/bindings/riscv/cpus.yaml

···
       - compatible
       - interrupt-controller
 
+  cpu-idle-states:
+    $ref: '/schemas/types.yaml#/definitions/phandle-array'
+    description: |
+      List of phandles to idle state nodes supported
+      by this hart (see ./idle-states.yaml).
+
 required:
   - riscv,isa
   - interrupt-controller

MAINTAINERS

···
 F:	drivers/cpuidle/cpuidle-psci.h
 F:	drivers/cpuidle/cpuidle-psci-domain.c
 
+CPUIDLE DRIVER - DT IDLE PM DOMAIN
+M:	Ulf Hansson <[e-mail]>
+L:	[e-mail]
+S:	Supported
+F:	drivers/cpuidle/dt_idle_genpd.c
+F:	drivers/cpuidle/dt_idle_genpd.h
+
+CPUIDLE DRIVER - RISC-V SBI
+M:	Anup Patel <[e-mail]>
+L:	[e-mail]
+L:	[e-mail]
+S:	Maintained
+F:	drivers/cpuidle/cpuidle-riscv-sbi.c
+
 CRAMFS FILESYSTEM
 M:	Nicolas Pitre <[e-mail]>
 S:	Maintained

arch/riscv/Kconfig

···
 	select CLONE_BACKWARDS
 	select CLINT_TIMER if !MMU
 	select COMMON_CLK
+	select CPU_PM if CPU_IDLE
 	select EDAC_SUPPORT
 	select GENERIC_ARCH_TOPOLOGY if SMP
 	select GENERIC_ATOMIC64 if !64BIT
···
 menu "Power management options"
 
 source "kernel/power/Kconfig"
+
+endmenu
+
+menu "CPU Power Management"
+
+source "drivers/cpuidle/Kconfig"
 
 endmenu
 

arch/riscv/Kconfig.socs

···
 	select GOLDFISH
 	select RTC_DRV_GOLDFISH if RTC_CLASS
 	select SIFIVE_PLIC
+	select PM_GENERIC_DOMAINS if PM
+	select PM_GENERIC_DOMAINS_OF if PM && OF
+	select RISCV_SBI_CPUIDLE if CPU_IDLE
 	help
 	  This enables support for QEMU Virt Machine.
 

arch/riscv/configs/defconfig

···
 CONFIG_SOC_VIRT=y
 CONFIG_SMP=y
 CONFIG_HOTPLUG_CPU=y
+CONFIG_PM=y
+CONFIG_CPU_IDLE=y
 CONFIG_VIRTUALIZATION=y
 CONFIG_KVM=m
 CONFIG_JUMP_LABEL=y

arch/riscv/configs/rv32_defconfig

···
 CONFIG_ARCH_RV32I=y
 CONFIG_SMP=y
 CONFIG_HOTPLUG_CPU=y
+CONFIG_PM=y
+CONFIG_CPU_IDLE=y
 CONFIG_VIRTUALIZATION=y
 CONFIG_KVM=m
 CONFIG_JUMP_LABEL=y

arch/riscv/include/asm/asm.h

···
 #error "Unexpected __SIZEOF_SHORT__"
 #endif
 
+#ifdef __ASSEMBLY__
+
+/* Common assembly source macros */
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_XIP_KERNEL
+.macro XIP_FIXUP_OFFSET reg
+	REG_L t0, _xip_fixup
+	add \reg, \reg, t0
+.endm
+.macro XIP_FIXUP_FLASH_OFFSET reg
+	la t1, __data_loc
+	REG_L t1, _xip_phys_offset
+	sub \reg, \reg, t1
+	add \reg, \reg, t0
+.endm
+_xip_fixup: .dword CONFIG_PHYS_RAM_BASE - CONFIG_XIP_PHYS_ADDR - XIP_OFFSET
+_xip_phys_offset: .dword CONFIG_XIP_PHYS_ADDR + XIP_OFFSET
+#else
+.macro XIP_FIXUP_OFFSET reg
+.endm
+.macro XIP_FIXUP_FLASH_OFFSET reg
+.endm
+#endif /* CONFIG_XIP_KERNEL */
+
+#endif /* __ASSEMBLY__ */
+
 #endif /* _ASM_RISCV_ASM_H */

arch/riscv/include/asm/cpuidle.h

···
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2021 Allwinner Ltd
+ * Copyright (C) 2021 Western Digital Corporation or its affiliates.
+ */
+
+#ifndef _ASM_RISCV_CPUIDLE_H
+#define _ASM_RISCV_CPUIDLE_H
+
+#include <asm/barrier.h>
+#include <asm/processor.h>
+
+static inline void cpu_do_idle(void)
+{
+	/*
+	 * Add mb() here to ensure that all
+	 * IO/MEM accesses are completed prior
+	 * to entering WFI.
+	 */
+	mb();
+	wait_for_interrupt();
+}
+
+#endif

arch/riscv/include/asm/suspend.h

···
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only */
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2021 Western Digital Corporation or its affiliates.
+ * Copyright (c) 2022 Ventana Micro Systems Inc.
+ */
+
+#ifndef _ASM_RISCV_SUSPEND_H
+#define _ASM_RISCV_SUSPEND_H
+
+#include <asm/ptrace.h>
+
+struct suspend_context {
+	/* Saved and restored by low-level functions */
+	struct pt_regs regs;
+	/* Saved and restored by high-level functions */
+	unsigned long scratch;
+	unsigned long tvec;
+	unsigned long ie;
+#ifdef CONFIG_MMU
+	unsigned long satp;
+#endif
+};
+
+/* Low-level CPU suspend entry function */
+int __cpu_suspend_enter(struct suspend_context *context);
+
+/* High-level CPU suspend which will save context and call finish() */
+int cpu_suspend(unsigned long arg,
+		int (*finish)(unsigned long arg,
+			      unsigned long entry,
+			      unsigned long context));
+
+/* Low-level CPU resume entry function */
+int __cpu_resume_enter(unsigned long hartid, unsigned long context);
+
+#endif

arch/riscv/kernel/Makefile

···
 obj-$(CONFIG_MODULES)		+= module.o
 obj-$(CONFIG_MODULE_SECTIONS)	+= module-sections.o
 
+obj-$(CONFIG_CPU_PM)		+= suspend_entry.o suspend.o
+
 obj-$(CONFIG_FUNCTION_TRACER)	+= mcount.o ftrace.o
 obj-$(CONFIG_DYNAMIC_FTRACE)	+= mcount-dyn.o
 

arch/riscv/kernel/asm-offsets.c

···
 #include <asm/thread_info.h>
 #include <asm/ptrace.h>
 #include <asm/cpu_ops_sbi.h>
+#include <asm/suspend.h>
 
 void asm_offsets(void);
 
···
 	OFFSET(PT_STATUS, pt_regs, status);
 	OFFSET(PT_BADADDR, pt_regs, badaddr);
 	OFFSET(PT_CAUSE, pt_regs, cause);
+
+	OFFSET(SUSPEND_CONTEXT_REGS, suspend_context, regs);
 
 	OFFSET(KVM_ARCH_GUEST_ZERO, kvm_vcpu_arch, guest_context.zero);
 	OFFSET(KVM_ARCH_GUEST_RA, kvm_vcpu_arch, guest_context.ra);

arch/riscv/kernel/head.S

···
 #include <asm/image.h>
 #include "efi-header.S"
 
-#ifdef CONFIG_XIP_KERNEL
-.macro XIP_FIXUP_OFFSET reg
-	REG_L t0, _xip_fixup
-	add \reg, \reg, t0
-.endm
-.macro XIP_FIXUP_FLASH_OFFSET reg
-	la t0, __data_loc
-	REG_L t1, _xip_phys_offset
-	sub \reg, \reg, t1
-	add \reg, \reg, t0
-.endm
-_xip_fixup: .dword CONFIG_PHYS_RAM_BASE - CONFIG_XIP_PHYS_ADDR - XIP_OFFSET
-_xip_phys_offset: .dword CONFIG_XIP_PHYS_ADDR + XIP_OFFSET
-#else
-.macro XIP_FIXUP_OFFSET reg
-.endm
-.macro XIP_FIXUP_FLASH_OFFSET reg
-.endm
-#endif /* CONFIG_XIP_KERNEL */
-
 __HEAD
 ENTRY(_start)
 	/*
···
 
 .align 2
 #ifdef CONFIG_MMU
-relocate:
+	.global relocate_enable_mmu
+relocate_enable_mmu:
 	/* Relocate return address */
 	la a1, kernel_map
 	XIP_FIXUP_OFFSET a1
···
 	/* Enable virtual memory and relocate to virtual address */
 	la a0, swapper_pg_dir
 	XIP_FIXUP_OFFSET a0
-	call relocate
+	call relocate_enable_mmu
 #endif
 	call setup_trap_vector
 	tail smp_callin
···
 #ifdef CONFIG_MMU
 	la a0, early_pg_dir
 	XIP_FIXUP_OFFSET a0
-	call relocate
+	call relocate_enable_mmu
 #endif /* CONFIG_MMU */
 
 	call setup_trap_vector

arch/riscv/kernel/process.c

···
 #include <asm/string.h>
 #include <asm/switch_to.h>
 #include <asm/thread_info.h>
+#include <asm/cpuidle.h>
 
 register unsigned long gp_in_global __asm__("gp");
 
···
 
 void arch_cpu_idle(void)
 {
-	wait_for_interrupt();
+	cpu_do_idle();
 	raw_local_irq_enable();
 }
 

arch/riscv/kernel/suspend.c

···
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2021 Western Digital Corporation or its affiliates.
+ * Copyright (c) 2022 Ventana Micro Systems Inc.
+ */
+
+#include <linux/ftrace.h>
+#include <asm/csr.h>
+#include <asm/suspend.h>
+
+static void suspend_save_csrs(struct suspend_context *context)
+{
+	context->scratch = csr_read(CSR_SCRATCH);
+	context->tvec = csr_read(CSR_TVEC);
+	context->ie = csr_read(CSR_IE);
+
+	/*
+	 * No need to save/restore IP CSR (i.e. MIP or SIP) because:
+	 *
+	 * 1. For no-MMU (M-mode) kernel, the bits in MIP are set by
+	 *    external devices (such as interrupt controller, timer, etc).
+	 * 2. For MMU (S-mode) kernel, the bits in SIP are set by
+	 *    M-mode firmware and external devices (such as interrupt
+	 *    controller, etc).
+	 */
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_MMU
+	context->satp = csr_read(CSR_SATP);
+#endif
+}
+
+static void suspend_restore_csrs(struct suspend_context *context)
+{
+	csr_write(CSR_SCRATCH, context->scratch);
+	csr_write(CSR_TVEC, context->tvec);
+	csr_write(CSR_IE, context->ie);
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_MMU
+	csr_write(CSR_SATP, context->satp);
+#endif
+}
+
+int cpu_suspend(unsigned long arg,
+		int (*finish)(unsigned long arg,
+			      unsigned long entry,
+			      unsigned long context))
+{
+	int rc = 0;
+	struct suspend_context context = { 0 };
+
+	/* Finisher should be non-NULL */
+	if (!finish)
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	/* Save additional CSRs*/
+	suspend_save_csrs(&context);
+
+	/*
+	 * Function graph tracer state gets incosistent when the kernel
+	 * calls functions that never return (aka finishers) hence disable
+	 * graph tracing during their execution.
+	 */
+	pause_graph_tracing();
+
+	/* Save context on stack */
+	if (__cpu_suspend_enter(&context)) {
+		/* Call the finisher */
+		rc = finish(arg, __pa_symbol(__cpu_resume_enter),
+			    (ulong)&context);
+
+		/*
+		 * Should never reach here, unless the suspend finisher
+		 * fails. Successful cpu_suspend() should return from
+		 * __cpu_resume_entry()
+		 */
+		if (!rc)
+			rc = -EOPNOTSUPP;
+	}
+
+	/* Enable function graph tracer */
+	unpause_graph_tracing();
+
+	/* Restore additional CSRs */
+	suspend_restore_csrs(&context);
+
+	return rc;
+}

arch/riscv/kernel/suspend_entry.S

···
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only */
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2021 Western Digital Corporation or its affiliates.
+ * Copyright (c) 2022 Ventana Micro Systems Inc.
+ */
+
+#include <linux/linkage.h>
+#include <asm/asm.h>
+#include <asm/asm-offsets.h>
+#include <asm/csr.h>
+
+	.text
+	.altmacro
+	.option norelax
+
+ENTRY(__cpu_suspend_enter)
+	/* Save registers (except A0 and T0-T6) */
+	REG_S	ra, (SUSPEND_CONTEXT_REGS + PT_RA)(a0)
+	REG_S	sp, (SUSPEND_CONTEXT_REGS + PT_SP)(a0)
+	REG_S	gp, (SUSPEND_CONTEXT_REGS + PT_GP)(a0)
+	REG_S	tp, (SUSPEND_CONTEXT_REGS + PT_TP)(a0)
+	REG_S	s0, (SUSPEND_CONTEXT_REGS + PT_S0)(a0)
+	REG_S	s1, (SUSPEND_CONTEXT_REGS + PT_S1)(a0)
+	REG_S	a1, (SUSPEND_CONTEXT_REGS + PT_A1)(a0)
+	REG_S	a2, (SUSPEND_CONTEXT_REGS + PT_A2)(a0)
+	REG_S	a3, (SUSPEND_CONTEXT_REGS + PT_A3)(a0)
+	REG_S	a4, (SUSPEND_CONTEXT_REGS + PT_A4)(a0)
+	REG_S	a5, (SUSPEND_CONTEXT_REGS + PT_A5)(a0)
+	REG_S	a6, (SUSPEND_CONTEXT_REGS + PT_A6)(a0)
+	REG_S	a7, (SUSPEND_CONTEXT_REGS + PT_A7)(a0)
+	REG_S	s2, (SUSPEND_CONTEXT_REGS + PT_S2)(a0)
+	REG_S	s3, (SUSPEND_CONTEXT_REGS + PT_S3)(a0)
+	REG_S	s4, (SUSPEND_CONTEXT_REGS + PT_S4)(a0)
+	REG_S	s5, (SUSPEND_CONTEXT_REGS + PT_S5)(a0)
+	REG_S	s6, (SUSPEND_CONTEXT_REGS + PT_S6)(a0)
+	REG_S	s7, (SUSPEND_CONTEXT_REGS + PT_S7)(a0)
+	REG_S	s8, (SUSPEND_CONTEXT_REGS + PT_S8)(a0)
+	REG_S	s9, (SUSPEND_CONTEXT_REGS + PT_S9)(a0)
+	REG_S	s10, (SUSPEND_CONTEXT_REGS + PT_S10)(a0)
+	REG_S	s11, (SUSPEND_CONTEXT_REGS + PT_S11)(a0)
+
+	/* Save CSRs */
+	csrr	t0, CSR_EPC
+	REG_S	t0, (SUSPEND_CONTEXT_REGS + PT_EPC)(a0)
+	csrr	t0, CSR_STATUS
+	REG_S	t0, (SUSPEND_CONTEXT_REGS + PT_STATUS)(a0)
+	csrr	t0, CSR_TVAL
+	REG_S	t0, (SUSPEND_CONTEXT_REGS + PT_BADADDR)(a0)
+	csrr	t0, CSR_CAUSE
+	REG_S	t0, (SUSPEND_CONTEXT_REGS + PT_CAUSE)(a0)
+
+	/* Return non-zero value */
+	li	a0, 1
+
+	/* Return to C code */
+	ret
+END(__cpu_suspend_enter)
+
+ENTRY(__cpu_resume_enter)
+	/* Load the global pointer */
+	.option push
+	.option norelax
+		la gp, __global_pointer$
+	.option pop
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_MMU
+	/* Save A0 and A1 */
+	add	t0, a0, zero
+	add	t1, a1, zero
+
+	/* Enable MMU */
+	la	a0, swapper_pg_dir
+	XIP_FIXUP_OFFSET a0
+	call	relocate_enable_mmu
+
+	/* Restore A0 and A1 */
+	add	a0, t0, zero
+	add	a1, t1, zero
+#endif
+
+	/* Make A0 point to suspend context */
+	add	a0, a1, zero
+
+	/* Restore CSRs */
+	REG_L	t0, (SUSPEND_CONTEXT_REGS + PT_EPC)(a0)
+	csrw	CSR_EPC, t0
+	REG_L	t0, (SUSPEND_CONTEXT_REGS + PT_STATUS)(a0)
+	csrw	CSR_STATUS, t0
+	REG_L	t0, (SUSPEND_CONTEXT_REGS + PT_BADADDR)(a0)
+	csrw	CSR_TVAL, t0
+	REG_L	t0, (SUSPEND_CONTEXT_REGS + PT_CAUSE)(a0)
+	csrw	CSR_CAUSE, t0
+
+	/* Restore registers (except A0 and T0-T6) */
+	REG_L	ra, (SUSPEND_CONTEXT_REGS + PT_RA)(a0)
+	REG_L	sp, (SUSPEND_CONTEXT_REGS + PT_SP)(a0)
+	REG_L	gp, (SUSPEND_CONTEXT_REGS + PT_GP)(a0)
+	REG_L	tp, (SUSPEND_CONTEXT_REGS + PT_TP)(a0)
+	REG_L	s0, (SUSPEND_CONTEXT_REGS + PT_S0)(a0)
+	REG_L	s1, (SUSPEND_CONTEXT_REGS + PT_S1)(a0)
+	REG_L	a1, (SUSPEND_CONTEXT_REGS + PT_A1)(a0)
+	REG_L	a2, (SUSPEND_CONTEXT_REGS + PT_A2)(a0)
+	REG_L	a3, (SUSPEND_CONTEXT_REGS + PT_A3)(a0)
+	REG_L	a4, (SUSPEND_CONTEXT_REGS + PT_A4)(a0)
+	REG_L	a5, (SUSPEND_CONTEXT_REGS + PT_A5)(a0)
+	REG_L	a6, (SUSPEND_CONTEXT_REGS + PT_A6)(a0)
+	REG_L	a7, (SUSPEND_CONTEXT_REGS + PT_A7)(a0)
+	REG_L	s2, (SUSPEND_CONTEXT_REGS + PT_S2)(a0)
+	REG_L	s3, (SUSPEND_CONTEXT_REGS + PT_S3)(a0)
+	REG_L	s4, (SUSPEND_CONTEXT_REGS + PT_S4)(a0)
+	REG_L	s5, (SUSPEND_CONTEXT_REGS + PT_S5)(a0)
+	REG_L	s6, (SUSPEND_CONTEXT_REGS + PT_S6)(a0)
+	REG_L	s7, (SUSPEND_CONTEXT_REGS + PT_S7)(a0)
+	REG_L	s8, (SUSPEND_CONTEXT_REGS + PT_S8)(a0)
+	REG_L	s9, (SUSPEND_CONTEXT_REGS + PT_S9)(a0)
+	REG_L	s10, (SUSPEND_CONTEXT_REGS + PT_S10)(a0)
+	REG_L	s11, (SUSPEND_CONTEXT_REGS + PT_S11)(a0)
+
+	/* Return zero value */
+	add	a0, zero, zero
+
+	/* Return to C code */
+	ret
+END(__cpu_resume_enter)

drivers/cpuidle/Kconfig

···
 config DT_IDLE_STATES
 	bool
 
+config DT_IDLE_GENPD
+	depends on PM_GENERIC_DOMAINS_OF
+	bool
+
 menu "ARM CPU Idle Drivers"
 depends on ARM || ARM64
 source "drivers/cpuidle/Kconfig.arm"
···
 menu "POWERPC CPU Idle Drivers"
 depends on PPC
 source "drivers/cpuidle/Kconfig.powerpc"
+endmenu
+
+menu "RISC-V CPU Idle Drivers"
+depends on RISCV
+source "drivers/cpuidle/Kconfig.riscv"
 endmenu
 
 config HALTPOLL_CPUIDLE

drivers/cpuidle/Kconfig.arm

···
 	bool "PSCI CPU idle Domain"
 	depends on ARM_PSCI_CPUIDLE
 	depends on PM_GENERIC_DOMAINS_OF
+	select DT_IDLE_GENPD
 	default y
 	help
 	  Select this to enable the PSCI based CPUidle driver to use PM domains,

drivers/cpuidle/Kconfig.riscv

···
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
+#
+# RISC-V CPU Idle drivers
+#
+
+config RISCV_SBI_CPUIDLE
+	bool "RISC-V SBI CPU idle Driver"
+	depends on RISCV_SBI
+	select DT_IDLE_STATES
+	select CPU_IDLE_MULTIPLE_DRIVERS
+	select DT_IDLE_GENPD if PM_GENERIC_DOMAINS_OF
+	help
+	  Select this option to enable RISC-V SBI firmware based CPU idle
+	  driver for RISC-V systems. This drivers also supports hierarchical
+	  DT based layout of the idle state.

drivers/cpuidle/Makefile

···
 obj-y += cpuidle.o driver.o governor.o sysfs.o governors/
 obj-$(CONFIG_ARCH_NEEDS_CPU_IDLE_COUPLED) += coupled.o
 obj-$(CONFIG_DT_IDLE_STATES)		  += dt_idle_states.o
+obj-$(CONFIG_DT_IDLE_GENPD)		  += dt_idle_genpd.o
 obj-$(CONFIG_ARCH_HAS_CPU_RELAX)	  += poll_state.o
 obj-$(CONFIG_HALTPOLL_CPUIDLE)		  += cpuidle-haltpoll.o
 
···
 # POWERPC drivers
 obj-$(CONFIG_PSERIES_CPUIDLE)		+= cpuidle-pseries.o
 obj-$(CONFIG_POWERNV_CPUIDLE)		+= cpuidle-powernv.o
+
+###############################################################################
+# RISC-V drivers
+obj-$(CONFIG_RISCV_SBI_CPUIDLE)		+= cpuidle-riscv-sbi.o

drivers/cpuidle/cpuidle-psci-domain.c

···
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static int psci_pd_parse_state_nodes(struct genpd_power_state *states,
-				     int state_count)
-{
-	int i, ret;
-	u32 psci_state, *psci_state_buf;
-
-	for (i = 0; i < state_count; i++) {
-		ret = psci_dt_parse_state_node(to_of_node(states[i].fwnode),
-					&psci_state);
-		if (ret)
-			goto free_state;
-
-		psci_state_buf = kmalloc(sizeof(u32), GFP_KERNEL);
-		if (!psci_state_buf) {
-			ret = -ENOMEM;
-			goto free_state;
-		}
-		*psci_state_buf = psci_state;
-		states[i].data = psci_state_buf;
-	}
-
-	return 0;
-
-free_state:
-	i--;
-	for (; i >= 0; i--)
-		kfree(states[i].data);
-	return ret;
-}
-
-static int psci_pd_parse_states(struct device_node *np,
-			struct genpd_power_state **states, int *state_count)
-{
-	int ret;
-
-	/* Parse the domain idle states. */
-	ret = of_genpd_parse_idle_states(np, states, state_count);
-	if (ret)
-		return ret;
-
-	/* Fill out the PSCI specifics for each found state. */
-	ret = psci_pd_parse_state_nodes(*states, *state_count);
-	if (ret)
-		kfree(*states);
-
-	return ret;
-}
-
-static void psci_pd_free_states(struct genpd_power_state *states,
-				unsigned int state_count)
-{
-	int i;
-
-	for (i = 0; i < state_count; i++)
-		kfree(states[i].data);
-	kfree(states);
-}
-
 static int psci_pd_init(struct device_node *np, bool use_osi)
 {
 	struct generic_pm_domain *pd;
 	struct psci_pd_provider *pd_provider;
 	struct dev_power_governor *pd_gov;
-	struct genpd_power_state *states = NULL;
 	int ret = -ENOMEM, state_count = 0;
 
-	pd = kzalloc(sizeof(*pd), GFP_KERNEL);
+	pd = dt_idle_pd_alloc(np, psci_dt_parse_state_node);
 	if (!pd)
 		goto out;
 
···
 	if (!pd_provider)
 		goto free_pd;
 
-	pd->name = kasprintf(GFP_KERNEL, "%pOF", np);
-	if (!pd->name)
-		goto free_pd_prov;
-
-	/*
-	 * Parse the domain idle states and let genpd manage the state selection
-	 * for those being compatible with "domain-idle-state".
-	 */
-	ret = psci_pd_parse_states(np, &states, &state_count);
-	if (ret)
-		goto free_name;
-
-	pd->free_states = psci_pd_free_states;
-	pd->name = kbasename(pd->name);
-	pd->states = states;
-	pd->state_count = state_count;
 	pd->flags |= GENPD_FLAG_IRQ_SAFE | GENPD_FLAG_CPU_DOMAIN;
 
 	/* Allow power off when OSI has been successfully enabled. */
···
 	pd_gov = state_count > 0 ? &pm_domain_cpu_gov : NULL;
 
 	ret = pm_genpd_init(pd, pd_gov, false);
-	if (ret) {
-		psci_pd_free_states(states, state_count);
-		goto free_name;
-	}
+	if (ret)
+		goto free_pd_prov;
 
 	ret = of_genpd_add_provider_simple(np, pd);
 	if (ret)
···
 
 remove_pd:
 	pm_genpd_remove(pd);
-free_name:
-	kfree(pd->name);
 free_pd_prov:
 	kfree(pd_provider);
 free_pd:
-	kfree(pd);
+	dt_idle_pd_free(pd);
 out:
 	pr_err("failed to init PM domain ret=%d %pOF\n", ret, np);
 	return ret;
···
 		list_del(&pd_provider->link);
 		kfree(pd_provider);
 	}
-}
-
-static int psci_pd_init_topology(struct device_node *np)
-{
-	struct device_node *node;
-	struct of_phandle_args child, parent;
-	int ret;
-
-	for_each_child_of_node(np, node) {
-		if (of_parse_phandle_with_args(node, "power-domains",
-					"#power-domain-cells", 0, &parent))
-			continue;
-
-		child.np = node;
-		child.args_count = 0;
-		ret = of_genpd_add_subdomain(&parent, &child);
-		of_node_put(parent.np);
-		if (ret) {
-			of_node_put(node);
-			return ret;
-		}
-	}
-
-	return 0;
 }
 
 static bool psci_pd_try_set_osi_mode(void)
···
 		goto no_pd;
 
 	/* Link genpd masters/subdomains to model the CPU topology. */
-	ret = psci_pd_init_topology(np);
+	ret = dt_idle_pd_init_topology(np);
 	if (ret)
 		goto remove_pd;
 
···
 	return platform_driver_register(&psci_cpuidle_domain_driver);
 }
 subsys_initcall(psci_idle_init_domains);
-
-struct device *psci_dt_attach_cpu(int cpu)
-{
-	struct device *dev;
-
-	dev = dev_pm_domain_attach_by_name(get_cpu_device(cpu), "psci");
-	if (IS_ERR_OR_NULL(dev))
-		return dev;
-
-	pm_runtime_irq_safe(dev);
-	if (cpu_online(cpu))
-		pm_runtime_get_sync(dev);
-
-	dev_pm_syscore_device(dev, true);
-
-	return dev;
-}
-
-void psci_dt_detach_cpu(struct device *dev)
-{
-	if (IS_ERR_OR_NULL(dev))
-		return;
-
-	dev_pm_domain_detach(dev, false);
-}

drivers/cpuidle/cpuidle-psci.h

···
 int psci_dt_parse_state_node(struct device_node *np, u32 *state);
 
 #ifdef CONFIG_ARM_PSCI_CPUIDLE_DOMAIN
-struct device *psci_dt_attach_cpu(int cpu);
-void psci_dt_detach_cpu(struct device *dev);
+
+#include "dt_idle_genpd.h"
+
+static inline struct device *psci_dt_attach_cpu(int cpu)
+{
+	return dt_idle_attach_cpu(cpu, "psci");
+}
+
+static inline void psci_dt_detach_cpu(struct device *dev)
+{
+	dt_idle_detach_cpu(dev);
+}
+
 #else
 static inline struct device *psci_dt_attach_cpu(int cpu) { return NULL; }
 static inline void psci_dt_detach_cpu(struct device *dev) { }

drivers/cpuidle/cpuidle-riscv-sbi.c

···
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
+/*
+ * RISC-V SBI CPU idle driver.
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2021 Western Digital Corporation or its affiliates.
+ * Copyright (c) 2022 Ventana Micro Systems Inc.
+ */
+
+#define pr_fmt(fmt) "cpuidle-riscv-sbi: " fmt
+
+#include <linux/cpuidle.h>
+#include <linux/cpumask.h>
+#include <linux/cpu_pm.h>
+#include <linux/cpu_cooling.h>
+#include <linux/kernel.h>
+#include <linux/module.h>
+#include <linux/of.h>
+#include <linux/of_device.h>
+#include <linux/slab.h>
+#include <linux/platform_device.h>
+#include <linux/pm_domain.h>
+#include <linux/pm_runtime.h>
+#include <asm/cpuidle.h>
+#include <asm/sbi.h>
+#include <asm/suspend.h>
+
+#include "dt_idle_states.h"
+#include "dt_idle_genpd.h"
+
+struct sbi_cpuidle_data {
+	u32 *states;
+	struct device *dev;
+};
+
+struct sbi_domain_state {
+	bool available;
+	u32 state;
+};
+
+static DEFINE_PER_CPU_READ_MOSTLY(struct sbi_cpuidle_data, sbi_cpuidle_data);
+static DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct sbi_domain_state, domain_state);
+static bool sbi_cpuidle_use_osi;
+static bool sbi_cpuidle_use_cpuhp;
+static bool sbi_cpuidle_pd_allow_domain_state;
+
+static inline void sbi_set_domain_state(u32 state)
+{
+	struct sbi_domain_state *data = this_cpu_ptr(&domain_state);
+
+	data->available = true;
+	data->state = state;
+}
+
+static inline u32 sbi_get_domain_state(void)
+{
+	struct sbi_domain_state *data = this_cpu_ptr(&domain_state);
+
+	return data->state;
+}
+
+static inline void sbi_clear_domain_state(void)
+{
+	struct sbi_domain_state *data = this_cpu_ptr(&domain_state);
+
+	data->available = false;
+}
+
+static inline bool sbi_is_domain_state_available(void)
+{
+	struct sbi_domain_state *data = this_cpu_ptr(&domain_state);
+
+	return data->available;
+}
+
+static int sbi_suspend_finisher(unsigned long suspend_type,
+				unsigned long resume_addr,
+				unsigned long opaque)
+{
+	struct sbiret ret;
+
+	ret = sbi_ecall(SBI_EXT_HSM, SBI_EXT_HSM_HART_SUSPEND,
+			suspend_type, resume_addr, opaque, 0, 0, 0);
+
+	return (ret.error) ? sbi_err_map_linux_errno(ret.error) : 0;
+}
+
+static int sbi_suspend(u32 state)
+{
+	if (state & SBI_HSM_SUSP_NON_RET_BIT)
+		return cpu_suspend(state, sbi_suspend_finisher);
+	else
+		return sbi_suspend_finisher(state, 0, 0);
+}
+
+static int sbi_cpuidle_enter_state(struct cpuidle_device *dev,
+				   struct cpuidle_driver *drv, int idx)
+{
+	u32 *states = __this_cpu_read(sbi_cpuidle_data.states);
+
+	return CPU_PM_CPU_IDLE_ENTER_PARAM(sbi_suspend, idx, states[idx]);
+}
+
+static int __sbi_enter_domain_idle_state(struct cpuidle_device *dev,
+					  struct cpuidle_driver *drv, int idx,
+					  bool s2idle)
+{
+	struct sbi_cpuidle_data *data = this_cpu_ptr(&sbi_cpuidle_data);
+	u32 *states = data->states;
+	struct device *pd_dev = data->dev;
+	u32 state;
+	int ret;
+
+	ret = cpu_pm_enter();
+	if (ret)
+		return -1;
+
+	/* Do runtime PM to manage a hierarchical CPU toplogy. */
+	rcu_irq_enter_irqson();
+	if (s2idle)
+		dev_pm_genpd_suspend(pd_dev);
+	else
+		pm_runtime_put_sync_suspend(pd_dev);
+	rcu_irq_exit_irqson();
+
+	if (sbi_is_domain_state_available())
+		state = sbi_get_domain_state();
+	else
+		state = states[idx];
+
+	ret = sbi_suspend(state) ? -1 : idx;
+
+	rcu_irq_enter_irqson();
+	if (s2idle)
+		dev_pm_genpd_resume(pd_dev);
+	else
+		pm_runtime_get_sync(pd_dev);
+	rcu_irq_exit_irqson();
+
+	cpu_pm_exit();
+
+	/* Clear the domain state to start fresh when back from idle. */
+	sbi_clear_domain_state();
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static int sbi_enter_domain_idle_state(struct cpuidle_device *dev,
+				       struct cpuidle_driver *drv, int idx)
+{
+	return __sbi_enter_domain_idle_state(dev, drv, idx, false);
+}
+
+static int sbi_enter_s2idle_domain_idle_state(struct cpuidle_device *dev,
+					      struct cpuidle_driver *drv,
+					      int idx)
+{
+	return __sbi_enter_domain_idle_state(dev, drv, idx, true);
+}
+
+static int sbi_cpuidle_cpuhp_up(unsigned int cpu)
+{
+	struct device *pd_dev = __this_cpu_read(sbi_cpuidle_data.dev);
+
+	if (pd_dev)
+		pm_runtime_get_sync(pd_dev);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int sbi_cpuidle_cpuhp_down(unsigned int cpu)
+{
+	struct device *pd_dev = __this_cpu_read(sbi_cpuidle_data.dev);
+
+	if (pd_dev) {
+		pm_runtime_put_sync(pd_dev);
+		/* Clear domain state to start fresh at next online. */
+		sbi_clear_domain_state();
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void sbi_idle_init_cpuhp(void)
+{
+	int err;
+
+	if (!sbi_cpuidle_use_cpuhp)
+		return;
+
+	err = cpuhp_setup_state_nocalls(CPUHP_AP_CPU_PM_STARTING,
+					"cpuidle/sbi:online",
+					sbi_cpuidle_cpuhp_up,
+					sbi_cpuidle_cpuhp_down);
+	if (err)
+		pr_warn("Failed %d while setup cpuhp state\n", err);
+}
+
+static const struct of_device_id sbi_cpuidle_state_match[] = {
+	{ .compatible = "riscv,idle-state",
+	  .data = sbi_cpuidle_enter_state },
+	{ },
+};
+
+static bool sbi_suspend_state_is_valid(u32 state)
+{
+	if (state > SBI_HSM_SUSPEND_RET_DEFAULT &&
+	    state < SBI_HSM_SUSPEND_RET_PLATFORM)
+		return false;
+	if (state > SBI_HSM_SUSPEND_NON_RET_DEFAULT &&
+	    state < SBI_HSM_SUSPEND_NON_RET_PLATFORM)
+		return false;
+	return true;
+}
+
+static int sbi_dt_parse_state_node(struct device_node *np, u32 *state)
+{
+	int err = of_property_read_u32(np, "riscv,sbi-suspend-param", state);
+
+	if (err) {
+		pr_warn("%pOF missing riscv,sbi-suspend-param property\n", np);
+		return err;
+	}
+
+	if (!sbi_suspend_state_is_valid(*state)) {
+		pr_warn("Invalid SBI suspend state %#x\n", *state);
+		return -EINVAL;
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int sbi_dt_cpu_init_topology(struct cpuidle_driver *drv,
+				     struct sbi_cpuidle_data *data,
+				     unsigned int state_count, int cpu)
+{
+	/* Currently limit the hierarchical topology to be used in OSI mode. */
+	if (!sbi_cpuidle_use_osi)
+		return 0;
+
+	data->dev = dt_idle_attach_cpu(cpu, "sbi");
+	if (IS_ERR_OR_NULL(data->dev))
+		return PTR_ERR_OR_ZERO(data->dev);
+
+	/*
+	 * Using the deepest state for the CPU to trigger a potential selection
+	 * of a shared state for the domain, assumes the domain states are all
+	 * deeper states.
+	 */
+	drv->states[state_count - 1].enter = sbi_enter_domain_idle_state;
+	drv->states[state_count - 1].enter_s2idle =
+					sbi_enter_s2idle_domain_idle_state;
+	sbi_cpuidle_use_cpuhp = true;
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int sbi_cpuidle_dt_init_states(struct device *dev,
+					struct cpuidle_driver *drv,
+					unsigned int cpu,
+					unsigned int state_count)
+{
+	struct sbi_cpuidle_data *data = per_cpu_ptr(&sbi_cpuidle_data, cpu);
+	struct device_node *state_node;
+	struct device_node *cpu_node;
+	u32 *states;
+	int i, ret;
+
+	cpu_node = of_cpu_device_node_get(cpu);
+	if (!cpu_node)
+		return -ENODEV;
+
+	states = devm_kcalloc(dev, state_count, sizeof(*states), GFP_KERNEL);
+	if (!states) {
+		ret = -ENOMEM;
+		goto fail;
+	}
+
+	/* Parse SBI specific details from state DT nodes */
+	for (i = 1; i < state_count; i++) {
+		state_node = of_get_cpu_state_node(cpu_node, i - 1);
+		if (!state_node)
+			break;
+
+		ret = sbi_dt_parse_state_node(state_node, &states[i]);
+		of_node_put(state_node);
+
+		if (ret)
+			return ret;
+
+		pr_debug("sbi-state %#x index %d\n", states[i], i);
+	}
+	if (i != state_count) {
+		ret = -ENODEV;
+		goto fail;
+	}
+
+	/* Initialize optional data, used for the hierarchical topology. */
+	ret = sbi_dt_cpu_init_topology(drv, data, state_count, cpu);
+	if (ret < 0)
+		return ret;
+
+	/* Store states in the per-cpu struct. */
+	data->states = states;
+
+fail:
+	of_node_put(cpu_node);
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static void sbi_cpuidle_deinit_cpu(int cpu)
+{
+	struct sbi_cpuidle_data *data = per_cpu_ptr(&sbi_cpuidle_data, cpu);
+
+	dt_idle_detach_cpu(data->dev);
+	sbi_cpuidle_use_cpuhp = false;
+}
+
+static int sbi_cpuidle_init_cpu(struct device *dev, int cpu)
+{
+	struct cpuidle_driver *drv;
+	unsigned int state_count = 0;
+	int ret = 0;
+
+	drv = devm_kzalloc(dev, sizeof(*drv), GFP_KERNEL);
+	if (!drv)
+		return -ENOMEM;
+
+	drv->name = "sbi_cpuidle";
+	drv->owner = THIS_MODULE;
+	drv->cpumask = (struct cpumask *)cpumask_of(cpu);
+
+	/* RISC-V architectural WFI to be represented as state index 0. */
+	drv->states[0].enter = sbi_cpuidle_enter_state;
+	drv->states[0].exit_latency = 1;
+	drv->states[0].target_residency = 1;
+	drv->states[0].power_usage = UINT_MAX;
+	strcpy(drv->states[0].name, "WFI");
+	strcpy(drv->states[0].desc, "RISC-V WFI");
+
+	/*
+	 * If no DT idle states are detected (ret == 0) let the driver
+	 * initialization fail accordingly since there is no reason to
+	 * initialize the idle driver if only wfi is supported, the
+	 * default archictectural back-end already executes wfi
+	 * on idle entry.
+	 */
+	ret = dt_init_idle_driver(drv, sbi_cpuidle_state_match, 1);
+	if (ret <= 0) {
+		pr_debug("HART%ld: failed to parse DT idle states\n",
+			 cpuid_to_hartid_map(cpu));
+		return ret ? : -ENODEV;
+	}
+	state_count = ret + 1; /* Include WFI state as well */
+
+	/* Initialize idle states from DT. */
+	ret = sbi_cpuidle_dt_init_states(dev, drv, cpu, state_count);
+	if (ret) {
+		pr_err("HART%ld: failed to init idle states\n",
+		       cpuid_to_hartid_map(cpu));
+		return ret;
+	}
+
+	ret = cpuidle_register(drv, NULL);
+	if (ret)
+		goto deinit;
+
+	cpuidle_cooling_register(drv);
+
+	return 0;
+deinit:
+	sbi_cpuidle_deinit_cpu(cpu);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static void sbi_cpuidle_domain_sync_state(struct device *dev)
+{
+	/*
+	 * All devices have now been attached/probed to the PM domain
+	 * topology, hence it's fine to allow domain states to be picked.
+	 */
+	sbi_cpuidle_pd_allow_domain_state = true;
+}
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_DT_IDLE_GENPD
+
+static int sbi_cpuidle_pd_power_off(struct generic_pm_domain *pd)
+{
+	struct genpd_power_state *state = &pd->states[pd->state_idx];
+	u32 *pd_state;
+
+	if (!state->data)
+		return 0;
+
+	if (!sbi_cpuidle_pd_allow_domain_state)
+		return -EBUSY;
+
+	/* OSI mode is enabled, set the corresponding domain state. */
+	pd_state = state->data;
+	sbi_set_domain_state(*pd_state);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+struct sbi_pd_provider {
+	struct list_head link;
+	struct device_node *node;
+};
+
+static LIST_HEAD(sbi_pd_providers);
+
+static int sbi_pd_init(struct device_node *np)
+{
+	struct generic_pm_domain *pd;
+	struct sbi_pd_provider *pd_provider;
+	struct dev_power_governor *pd_gov;
+	int ret = -ENOMEM, state_count = 0;
+
+	pd = dt_idle_pd_alloc(np, sbi_dt_parse_state_node);
+	if (!pd)
+		goto out;
+
+	pd_provider = kzalloc(sizeof(*pd_provider), GFP_KERNEL);
+	if (!pd_provider)
+		goto free_pd;
+
+	pd->flags |= GENPD_FLAG_IRQ_SAFE | GENPD_FLAG_CPU_DOMAIN;
+
+	/* Allow power off when OSI is available. */
+	if (sbi_cpuidle_use_osi)
+		pd->power_off = sbi_cpuidle_pd_power_off;
+	else
+		pd->flags |= GENPD_FLAG_ALWAYS_ON;
+
+	/* Use governor for CPU PM domains if it has some states to manage. */
+	pd_gov = state_count > 0 ? &pm_domain_cpu_gov : NULL;
+
+	ret = pm_genpd_init(pd, pd_gov, false);
+	if (ret)
+		goto free_pd_prov;
+
+	ret = of_genpd_add_provider_simple(np, pd);
+	if (ret)
+		goto remove_pd;
+
+	pd_provider->node = of_node_get(np);
+	list_add(&pd_provider->link, &sbi_pd_providers);
+
+	pr_debug("init PM domain %s\n", pd->name);
+	return 0;
+
+remove_pd:
+	pm_genpd_remove(pd);
+free_pd_prov:
+	kfree(pd_provider);
+free_pd:
+	dt_idle_pd_free(pd);
+out:
+	pr_err("failed to init PM domain ret=%d %pOF\n", ret, np);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static void sbi_pd_remove(void)
+{
+	struct sbi_pd_provider *pd_provider, *it;
+	struct generic_pm_domain *genpd;
+
+	list_for_each_entry_safe(pd_provider, it, &sbi_pd_providers, link) {
+		of_genpd_del_provider(pd_provider->node);
+
+		genpd = of_genpd_remove_last(pd_provider->node);
+		if (!IS_ERR(genpd))
+			kfree(genpd);
+
+		of_node_put(pd_provider->node);
+		list_del(&pd_provider->link);
+		kfree(pd_provider);
+	}
+}
+
+static int sbi_genpd_probe(struct device_node *np)
+{
+	struct device_node *node;
+	int ret = 0, pd_count = 0;
+
+	if (!np)
+		return -ENODEV;
+
+	/*
+	 * Parse child nodes for the "#power-domain-cells" property and
+	 * initialize a genpd/genpd-of-provider pair when it's found.
+	 */
+	for_each_child_of_node(np, node) {
+		if (!of_find_property(node, "#power-domain-cells", NULL))
+			continue;
+
+		ret = sbi_pd_init(node);
+		if (ret)
+			goto put_node;
+
+		pd_count++;
+	}
+
+	/* Bail out if not using the hierarchical CPU topology. */
+	if (!pd_count)
+		goto no_pd;
+
+	/* Link genpd masters/subdomains to model the CPU topology. */
+	ret = dt_idle_pd_init_topology(np);
+	if (ret)
+		goto remove_pd;
+
+	return 0;
+
+put_node:
+	of_node_put(node);
+remove_pd:
+	sbi_pd_remove();
+	pr_err("failed to create CPU PM domains ret=%d\n", ret);
+no_pd:
+	return ret;
+}
+
+#else
+
+static inline int sbi_genpd_probe(struct device_node *np)
+{
+	return 0;
+}
+
+#endif
+
+static int sbi_cpuidle_probe(struct platform_device *pdev)
+{
+	int cpu, ret;
+	struct cpuidle_driver *drv;
+	struct cpuidle_device *dev;
+	struct device_node *np, *pds_node;
+
+	/* Detect OSI support based on CPU DT nodes */
+	sbi_cpuidle_use_osi = true;
+	for_each_possible_cpu(cpu) {
+		np = of_cpu_device_node_get(cpu);
+		if (np &&
+		    of_find_property(np, "power-domains", NULL) &&
+		    of_find_property(np, "power-domain-names", NULL)) {
+			continue;
+		} else {
+			sbi_cpuidle_use_osi = false;
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+
+	/* Populate generic power domains from DT nodes */
+	pds_node = of_find_node_by_path("/cpus/power-domains");
+	if (pds_node) {
+		ret = sbi_genpd_probe(pds_node);
+		of_node_put(pds_node);
+		if (ret)
+			return ret;
+	}
+
+	/* Initialize CPU idle driver for each CPU */
+	for_each_possible_cpu(cpu) {
+		ret = sbi_cpuidle_init_cpu(&pdev->dev, cpu);
+		if (ret) {
+			pr_debug("HART%ld: idle driver init failed\n",
+				 cpuid_to_hartid_map(cpu));
+			goto out_fail;
+		}
+	}
+
+	/* Setup CPU hotplut notifiers */
+	sbi_idle_init_cpuhp();
+
+	pr_info("idle driver registered for all CPUs\n");
+
+	return 0;
+
+out_fail:
+	while (--cpu >= 0) {
+		dev = per_cpu(cpuidle_devices, cpu);
+		drv = cpuidle_get_cpu_driver(dev);
+		cpuidle_unregister(drv);
+		sbi_cpuidle_deinit_cpu(cpu);
+	}
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static struct platform_driver sbi_cpuidle_driver = {
+	.probe = sbi_cpuidle_probe,
+	.driver = {
+		.name = "sbi-cpuidle",
+		.sync_state = sbi_cpuidle_domain_sync_state,
+	},
+};
+
+static int __init sbi_cpuidle_init(void)
+{
+	int ret;
+	struct platform_device *pdev;
+
+	/*
+	 * The SBI HSM suspend function is only available when:
+	 * 1) SBI version is 0.3 or higher
+	 * 2) SBI HSM extension is available
+	 */
+	if ((sbi_spec_version < sbi_mk_version(0, 3)) ||
+	    sbi_probe_extension(SBI_EXT_HSM) <= 0) {
+		pr_info("HSM suspend not available\n");
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	ret = platform_driver_register(&sbi_cpuidle_driver);
+	if (ret)
+		return ret;
+
+	pdev = platform_device_register_simple("sbi-cpuidle",
+						-1, NULL, 0);
+	if (IS_ERR(pdev)) {
+		platform_driver_unregister(&sbi_cpuidle_driver);
+		return PTR_ERR(pdev);
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+device_initcall(sbi_cpuidle_init);

drivers/cpuidle/dt_idle_genpd.c

···
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
+/*
+ * PM domains for CPUs via genpd.
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 2019 Linaro Ltd.
+ * Author: Ulf Hansson <[e-mail]>
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2021 Western Digital Corporation or its affiliates.
+ * Copyright (c) 2022 Ventana Micro Systems Inc.
+ */
+
+#define pr_fmt(fmt) "dt-idle-genpd: " fmt
+
+#include <linux/cpu.h>
+#include <linux/device.h>
+#include <linux/kernel.h>
+#include <linux/pm_domain.h>
+#include <linux/pm_runtime.h>
+#include <linux/slab.h>
+#include <linux/string.h>
+
+#include "dt_idle_genpd.h"
+
+static int pd_parse_state_nodes(
+			int (*parse_state)(struct device_node *, u32 *),
+			struct genpd_power_state *states, int state_count)
+{
+	int i, ret;
+	u32 state, *state_buf;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < state_count; i++) {
+		ret = parse_state(to_of_node(states[i].fwnode), &state);
+		if (ret)
+			goto free_state;
+
+		state_buf = kmalloc(sizeof(u32), GFP_KERNEL);
+		if (!state_buf) {
+			ret = -ENOMEM;
+			goto free_state;
+		}
+		*state_buf = state;
+		states[i].data = state_buf;
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+
+free_state:
+	i--;
+	for (; i >= 0; i--)
+		kfree(states[i].data);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static int pd_parse_states(struct device_node *np,
+			   int (*parse_state)(struct device_node *, u32 *),
+			   struct genpd_power_state **states,
+			   int *state_count)
+{
+	int ret;
+
+	/* Parse the domain idle states. */
+	ret = of_genpd_parse_idle_states(np, states, state_count);
+	if (ret)
+		return ret;
+
+	/* Fill out the dt specifics for each found state. */
+	ret = pd_parse_state_nodes(parse_state, *states, *state_count);
+	if (ret)
+		kfree(*states);
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static void pd_free_states(struct genpd_power_state *states,
+			    unsigned int state_count)
+{
+	int i;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < state_count; i++)
+		kfree(states[i].data);
+	kfree(states);
+}
+
+void dt_idle_pd_free(struct generic_pm_domain *pd)
+{
+	pd_free_states(pd->states, pd->state_count);
+	kfree(pd->name);
+	kfree(pd);
+}
+
+struct generic_pm_domain *dt_idle_pd_alloc(struct device_node *np,
+			int (*parse_state)(struct device_node *, u32 *))
+{
+	struct generic_pm_domain *pd;
+	struct genpd_power_state *states = NULL;
+	int ret, state_count = 0;
+
+	pd = kzalloc(sizeof(*pd), GFP_KERNEL);
+	if (!pd)
+		goto out;
+
+	pd->name = kasprintf(GFP_KERNEL, "%pOF", np);
+	if (!pd->name)
+		goto free_pd;
+
+	/*
+	 * Parse the domain idle states and let genpd manage the state selection
+	 * for those being compatible with "domain-idle-state".
+	 */
+	ret = pd_parse_states(np, parse_state, &states, &state_count);
+	if (ret)
+		goto free_name;
+
+	pd->free_states = pd_free_states;
+	pd->name = kbasename(pd->name);
+	pd->states = states;
+	pd->state_count = state_count;
+
+	pr_debug("alloc PM domain %s\n", pd->name);
+	return pd;
+
+free_name:
+	kfree(pd->name);
+free_pd:
+	kfree(pd);
+out:
+	pr_err("failed to alloc PM domain %pOF\n", np);
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+int dt_idle_pd_init_topology(struct device_node *np)
+{
+	struct device_node *node;
+	struct of_phandle_args child, parent;
+	int ret;
+
+	for_each_child_of_node(np, node) {
+		if (of_parse_phandle_with_args(node, "power-domains",
+					"#power-domain-cells", 0, &parent))
+			continue;
+
+		child.np = node;
+		child.args_count = 0;
+		ret = of_genpd_add_subdomain(&parent, &child);
+		of_node_put(parent.np);
+		if (ret) {
+			of_node_put(node);
+			return ret;
+		}
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+struct device *dt_idle_attach_cpu(int cpu, const char *name)
+{
+	struct device *dev;
+
+	dev = dev_pm_domain_attach_by_name(get_cpu_device(cpu), name);
+	if (IS_ERR_OR_NULL(dev))
+		return dev;
+
+	pm_runtime_irq_safe(dev);
+	if (cpu_online(cpu))
+		pm_runtime_get_sync(dev);
+
+	dev_pm_syscore_device(dev, true);
+
+	return dev;
+}
+
+void dt_idle_detach_cpu(struct device *dev)
+{
+	if (IS_ERR_OR_NULL(dev))
+		return;
+
+	dev_pm_domain_detach(dev, false);
+}

drivers/cpuidle/dt_idle_genpd.h

···
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
+#ifndef __DT_IDLE_GENPD
+#define __DT_IDLE_GENPD
+
+struct device_node;
+struct generic_pm_domain;
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_DT_IDLE_GENPD
+
+void dt_idle_pd_free(struct generic_pm_domain *pd);
+
+struct generic_pm_domain *dt_idle_pd_alloc(struct device_node *np,
+			int (*parse_state)(struct device_node *, u32 *));
+
+int dt_idle_pd_init_topology(struct device_node *np);
+
+struct device *dt_idle_attach_cpu(int cpu, const char *name);
+
+void dt_idle_detach_cpu(struct device *dev);
+
+#else
+
+static inline void dt_idle_pd_free(struct generic_pm_domain *pd)
+{
+}
+
+static inline struct generic_pm_domain *dt_idle_pd_alloc(
+			struct device_node *np,
+			int (*parse_state)(struct device_node *, u32 *))
+{
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline int dt_idle_pd_init_topology(struct device_node *np)
+{
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static inline struct device *dt_idle_attach_cpu(int cpu, const char *name)
+{
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline void dt_idle_detach_cpu(struct device *dev)
+{
+}
+
+#endif
+
+#endif