xsk: new descriptor addressing scheme

Currently, AF_XDP only supports a fixed frame-size memory scheme where
each frame is referenced via an index (idx). A user passes the frame
index to the kernel, and the kernel acts upon the data. Some NICs,
however, do not have a fixed frame-size model, instead they have a
model where a memory window is passed to the hardware and multiple
frames are filled into that window (referred to as the "type-writer"
model).

By changing the descriptor format from the current frame index
addressing scheme, AF_XDP can in the future be extended to support
these kinds of NICs.

In the index-based model, an idx refers to a frame of size
frame_size. Addressing a frame in the UMEM is done by offseting the
UMEM starting address by a global offset, idx * frame_size + offset.
Communicating via the fill- and completion-rings are done by means of
idx.

In this commit, the idx is removed in favor of an address (addr),
which is a relative address ranging over the UMEM. To convert an
idx-based address to the new addr is simply: addr = idx * frame_size +
offset.

We also stop referring to the UMEM "frame" as a frame. Instead it is
simply called a chunk.

To transfer ownership of a chunk to the kernel, the addr of the chunk
is passed in the fill-ring. Note, that the kernel will mask addr to
make it chunk aligned, so there is no need for userspace to do
that. E.g., for a chunk size of 2k, passing an addr of 2048, 2050 or
3000 to the fill-ring will refer to the same chunk.

On the completion-ring, the addr will match that of the Tx descriptor,
passed to the kernel.

Changing the descriptor format to use chunks/addr will allow for
future changes to move to a type-writer based model, where multiple
frames can reside in one chunk. In this model passing one single chunk
into the fill-ring, would potentially result in multiple Rx
descriptors.

This commit changes the uapi of AF_XDP sockets, and updates the
documentation.

Signed-off-by: Björn Töpel <[e-mail]>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <[e-mail]>

Documentation/networking/af_xdp.rst

···
 
 This document assumes that the reader is familiar with BPF and XDP. If
 not, the Cilium project has an excellent reference guide at
-http://cilium.readthedocs.io/en/doc-1.0/bpf/.
+http://cilium.readthedocs.io/en/latest/bpf/.
 
 Using the XDP_REDIRECT action from an XDP program, the program can
 redirect ingress frames to other XDP enabled netdevs, using the
···
 to that packet can be changed to point to another and reused right
 away. This again avoids copying data.
 
-The UMEM consists of a number of equally size frames and each frame
-has a unique frame id. A descriptor in one of the rings references a
-frame by referencing its frame id. The user space allocates memory for
-this UMEM using whatever means it feels is most appropriate (malloc,
-mmap, huge pages, etc). This memory area is then registered with the
-kernel using the new setsockopt XDP_UMEM_REG. The UMEM also has two
-rings: the FILL ring and the COMPLETION ring. The fill ring is used by
-the application to send down frame ids for the kernel to fill in with
-RX packet data. References to these frames will then appear in the RX
-ring once each packet has been received. The completion ring, on the
-other hand, contains frame ids that the kernel has transmitted
-completely and can now be used again by user space, for either TX or
-RX. Thus, the frame ids appearing in the completion ring are ids that
-were previously transmitted using the TX ring. In summary, the RX and
-FILL rings are used for the RX path and the TX and COMPLETION rings
-are used for the TX path.
+The UMEM consists of a number of equally sized chunks. A descriptor in
+one of the rings references a frame by referencing its addr. The addr
+is simply an offset within the entire UMEM region. The user space
+allocates memory for this UMEM using whatever means it feels is most
+appropriate (malloc, mmap, huge pages, etc). This memory area is then
+registered with the kernel using the new setsockopt XDP_UMEM_REG. The
+UMEM also has two rings: the FILL ring and the COMPLETION ring. The
+fill ring is used by the application to send down addr for the kernel
+to fill in with RX packet data. References to these frames will then
+appear in the RX ring once each packet has been received. The
+completion ring, on the other hand, contains frame addr that the
+kernel has transmitted completely and can now be used again by user
+space, for either TX or RX. Thus, the frame addrs appearing in the
+completion ring are addrs that were previously transmitted using the
+TX ring. In summary, the RX and FILL rings are used for the RX path
+and the TX and COMPLETION rings are used for the TX path.
 
 The socket is then finally bound with a bind() call to a device and a
 specific queue id on that device, and it is not until bind is
···
 corresponding two rings, sets the XDP_SHARED_UMEM flag in the bind
 call and submits the XSK of the process it would like to share UMEM
 with as well as its own newly created XSK socket. The new process will
-then receive frame id references in its own RX ring that point to this
-shared UMEM. Note that since the ring structures are single-consumer /
-single-producer (for performance reasons), the new process has to
-create its own socket with associated RX and TX rings, since it cannot
-share this with the other process. This is also the reason that there
-is only one set of FILL and COMPLETION rings per UMEM. It is the
-responsibility of a single process to handle the UMEM.
+then receive frame addr references in its own RX ring that point to
+this shared UMEM. Note that since the ring structures are
+single-consumer / single-producer (for performance reasons), the new
+process has to create its own socket with associated RX and TX rings,
+since it cannot share this with the other process. This is also the
+reason that there is only one set of FILL and COMPLETION rings per
+UMEM. It is the responsibility of a single process to handle the UMEM.
 
 How is then packets distributed from an XDP program to the XSKs? There
 is a BPF map called XSKMAP (or BPF_MAP_TYPE_XSKMAP in full). The
···
 
 UMEM is a region of virtual contiguous memory, divided into
 equal-sized frames. An UMEM is associated to a netdev and a specific
-queue id of that netdev. It is created and configured (frame size,
-frame headroom, start address and size) by using the XDP_UMEM_REG
-setsockopt system call. A UMEM is bound to a netdev and queue id, via
-the bind() system call.
+queue id of that netdev. It is created and configured (chunk size,
+headroom, start address and size) by using the XDP_UMEM_REG setsockopt
+system call. A UMEM is bound to a netdev and queue id, via the bind()
+system call.
 
 An AF_XDP is socket linked to a single UMEM, but one UMEM can have
 multiple AF_XDP sockets. To share an UMEM created via one socket A,
···
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
 The Fill ring is used to transfer ownership of UMEM frames from
-user-space to kernel-space. The UMEM indicies are passed in the
-ring. As an example, if the UMEM is 64k and each frame is 4k, then the
-UMEM has 16 frames and can pass indicies between 0 and 15.
+user-space to kernel-space. The UMEM addrs are passed in the ring. As
+an example, if the UMEM is 64k and each chunk is 4k, then the UMEM has
+16 chunks and can pass addrs between 0 and 64k.
 
 Frames passed to the kernel are used for the ingress path (RX rings).
 
-The user application produces UMEM indicies to this ring.
+The user application produces UMEM addrs to this ring. Note that the
+kernel will mask the incoming addr. E.g. for a chunk size of 2k, the
+log2(2048) LSB of the addr will be masked off, meaning that 2048, 2050
+and 3000 refers to the same chunk.
+
 
 UMEM Completetion Ring
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
···
 Frames passed from the kernel to user-space are frames that has been
 sent (TX ring) and can be used by user-space again.
 
-The user application consumes UMEM indicies from this ring.
+The user application consumes UMEM addrs from this ring.
 
 
 RX Ring
 ~~~~~~~
 
 The RX ring is the receiving side of a socket. Each entry in the ring
-is a struct xdp_desc descriptor. The descriptor contains UMEM index
-(idx), the length of the data (len), the offset into the frame
-(offset).
+is a struct xdp_desc descriptor. The descriptor contains UMEM offset
+(addr) and the length of the data (len).
 
 If no frames have been passed to kernel via the Fill ring, no
 descriptors will (or can) appear on the RX ring.
···
 
 Naive ring dequeue and enqueue could look like this::
 
+    // struct xdp_rxtx_ring {
+    // 	__u32 *producer;
+    // 	__u32 *consumer;
+    // 	struct xdp_desc *desc;
+    // };
+
+    // struct xdp_umem_ring {
+    // 	__u32 *producer;
+    // 	__u32 *consumer;
+    // 	__u64 *desc;
+    // };
+
     // typedef struct xdp_rxtx_ring RING;
     // typedef struct xdp_umem_ring RING;
 
     // typedef struct xdp_desc RING_TYPE;
-    // typedef __u32 RING_TYPE;
+    // typedef __u64 RING_TYPE;
 
     int dequeue_one(RING *ring, RING_TYPE *item)
     {
-        __u32 entries = ring->ptrs.producer - ring->ptrs.consumer;
+        __u32 entries = *ring->producer - *ring->consumer;
 
         if (entries == 0)
             return -1;
 
         // read-barrier!
 
-        *item = ring->desc[ring->ptrs.consumer & (RING_SIZE - 1)];
-        ring->ptrs.consumer++;
+        *item = ring->desc[*ring->consumer & (RING_SIZE - 1)];
+        (*ring->consumer)++;
         return 0;
     }
 
     int enqueue_one(RING *ring, const RING_TYPE *item)
     {
-        u32 free_entries = RING_SIZE - (ring->ptrs.producer - ring->ptrs.consumer);
+        u32 free_entries = RING_SIZE - (*ring->producer - *ring->consumer);
 
         if (free_entries == 0)
             return -1;
 
-        ring->desc[ring->ptrs.producer & (RING_SIZE - 1)] = *item;
+        ring->desc[*ring->producer & (RING_SIZE - 1)] = *item;
 
         // write-barrier!
 
-        ring->ptrs.producer++;
+        (*ring->producer)++;
         return 0;
     }
 

include/uapi/linux/if_xdp.h

···
 struct xdp_umem_reg {
 	__u64 addr; /* Start of packet data area */
 	__u64 len; /* Length of packet data area */
-	__u32 frame_size; /* Frame size */
-	__u32 frame_headroom; /* Frame head room */
+	__u32 chunk_size;
+	__u32 headroom;
 };
 
 struct xdp_statistics {
···
 
 /* Rx/Tx descriptor */
 struct xdp_desc {
-	__u32 idx;
+	__u64 addr;
 	__u32 len;
-	__u16 offset;
-	__u8 flags;
-	__u8 padding[5];
+	__u32 options;
 };
 
-/* UMEM descriptor is __u32 */
+/* UMEM descriptor is __u64 */
 
 #endif /* _LINUX_IF_XDP_H */

net/xdp/xdp_umem.c

···
 
 #include "xdp_umem.h"
 
-#define XDP_UMEM_MIN_FRAME_SIZE 2048
+#define XDP_UMEM_MIN_CHUNK_SIZE 2048
 
 static void xdp_umem_unpin_pages(struct xdp_umem *umem)
 {
···
 
 static int xdp_umem_reg(struct xdp_umem *umem, struct xdp_umem_reg *mr)
 {
-	u32 frame_size = mr->frame_size, frame_headroom = mr->frame_headroom;
+	u32 chunk_size = mr->chunk_size, headroom = mr->headroom;
+	unsigned int chunks, chunks_per_page;
 	u64 addr = mr->addr, size = mr->len;
-	unsigned int nframes, nfpp;
 	int size_chk, err;
 
-	if (frame_size < XDP_UMEM_MIN_FRAME_SIZE || frame_size > PAGE_SIZE) {
+	if (chunk_size < XDP_UMEM_MIN_CHUNK_SIZE || chunk_size > PAGE_SIZE) {
 		/* Strictly speaking we could support this, if:
 		 * - huge pages, or*
 		 * - using an IOMMU, or
···
 		return -EINVAL;
 	}
 
-	if (!is_power_of_2(frame_size))
+	if (!is_power_of_2(chunk_size))
 		return -EINVAL;
 
 	if (!PAGE_ALIGNED(addr)) {
···
 	if ((addr + size) < addr)
 		return -EINVAL;
 
-	nframes = (unsigned int)div_u64(size, frame_size);
-	if (nframes == 0 || nframes > UINT_MAX)
+	chunks = (unsigned int)div_u64(size, chunk_size);
+	if (chunks == 0)
 		return -EINVAL;
 
-	nfpp = PAGE_SIZE / frame_size;
-	if (nframes < nfpp || nframes % nfpp)
+	chunks_per_page = PAGE_SIZE / chunk_size;
+	if (chunks < chunks_per_page || chunks % chunks_per_page)
 		return -EINVAL;
 
-	frame_headroom = ALIGN(frame_headroom, 64);
+	headroom = ALIGN(headroom, 64);
 
-	size_chk = frame_size - frame_headroom - XDP_PACKET_HEADROOM;
+	size_chk = chunk_size - headroom - XDP_PACKET_HEADROOM;
 	if (size_chk < 0)
 		return -EINVAL;
 
 	umem->pid = get_task_pid(current, PIDTYPE_PID);
-	umem->size = (size_t)size;
 	umem->address = (unsigned long)addr;
-	umem->props.frame_size = frame_size;
-	umem->props.nframes = nframes;
-	umem->frame_headroom = frame_headroom;
+	umem->props.chunk_mask = ~((u64)chunk_size - 1);
+	umem->props.size = size;
+	umem->headroom = headroom;
+	umem->chunk_size_nohr = chunk_size - headroom;
 	umem->npgs = size / PAGE_SIZE;
 	umem->pgs = NULL;
 	umem->user = NULL;
 
-	umem->frame_size_log2 = ilog2(frame_size);
-	umem->nfpp_mask = nfpp - 1;
-	umem->nfpplog2 = ilog2(nfpp);
 	refcount_set(&umem->users, 1);
 
 	err = xdp_umem_account_pages(umem);

net/xdp/xdp_umem.h

···
 	struct xsk_queue *cq;
 	struct page **pgs;
 	struct xdp_umem_props props;
-	u32 npgs;
-	u32 frame_headroom;
-	u32 nfpp_mask;
-	u32 nfpplog2;
-	u32 frame_size_log2;
+	u32 headroom;
+	u32 chunk_size_nohr;
 	struct user_struct *user;
 	struct pid *pid;
 	unsigned long address;
-	size_t size;
 	refcount_t users;
 	struct work_struct work;
+	u32 npgs;
 };
 
-static inline char *xdp_umem_get_data(struct xdp_umem *umem, u32 idx)
+static inline char *xdp_umem_get_data(struct xdp_umem *umem, u64 addr)
 {
-	u64 pg, off;
-	char *data;
-
-	pg = idx >> umem->nfpplog2;
-	off = (idx & umem->nfpp_mask) << umem->frame_size_log2;
-
-	data = page_address(umem->pgs[pg]);
-	return data + off;
-}
-
-static inline char *xdp_umem_get_data_with_headroom(struct xdp_umem *umem,
-						    u32 idx)
-{
-	return xdp_umem_get_data(umem, idx) + umem->frame_headroom;
+	return page_address(umem->pgs[addr >> PAGE_SHIFT]) +
+		(addr & (PAGE_SIZE - 1));
 }
 
 bool xdp_umem_validate_queues(struct xdp_umem *umem);

net/xdp/xdp_umem_props.h

···
 #define XDP_UMEM_PROPS_H_
 
 struct xdp_umem_props {
-	u32 frame_size;
-	u32 nframes;
+	u64 chunk_mask;
+	u64 size;
 };
 
 #endif /* XDP_UMEM_PROPS_H_ */

net/xdp/xsk.c

···
 
 static int __xsk_rcv(struct xdp_sock *xs, struct xdp_buff *xdp)
 {
-	u32 id, len = xdp->data_end - xdp->data;
+	u32 len = xdp->data_end - xdp->data;
 	void *buffer;
+	u64 addr;
 	int err;
 
 	if (xs->dev != xdp->rxq->dev || xs->queue_id != xdp->rxq->queue_index)
 		return -EINVAL;
 
-	if (!xskq_peek_id(xs->umem->fq, &id)) {
+	if (!xskq_peek_addr(xs->umem->fq, &addr) ||
+	    len > xs->umem->chunk_size_nohr) {
 		xs->rx_dropped++;
 		return -ENOSPC;
 	}
 
-	buffer = xdp_umem_get_data_with_headroom(xs->umem, id);
+	addr += xs->umem->headroom;
+
+	buffer = xdp_umem_get_data(xs->umem, addr);
 	memcpy(buffer, xdp->data, len);
-	err = xskq_produce_batch_desc(xs->rx, id, len,
-				      xs->umem->frame_headroom);
+	err = xskq_produce_batch_desc(xs->rx, addr, len);
 	if (!err)
-		xskq_discard_id(xs->umem->fq);
+		xskq_discard_addr(xs->umem->fq);
 	else
 		xs->rx_dropped++;
 
···
 
 static void xsk_destruct_skb(struct sk_buff *skb)
 {
-	u32 id = (u32)(long)skb_shinfo(skb)->destructor_arg;
+	u64 addr = (u64)(long)skb_shinfo(skb)->destructor_arg;
 	struct xdp_sock *xs = xdp_sk(skb->sk);
 
-	WARN_ON_ONCE(xskq_produce_id(xs->umem->cq, id));
+	WARN_ON_ONCE(xskq_produce_addr(xs->umem->cq, addr));
 
 	sock_wfree(skb);
 }
···
 
 	while (xskq_peek_desc(xs->tx, &desc)) {
 		char *buffer;
-		u32 id, len;
+		u64 addr;
+		u32 len;
 
 		if (max_batch-- == 0) {
 			err = -EAGAIN;
 			goto out;
 		}
 
-		if (xskq_reserve_id(xs->umem->cq)) {
+		if (xskq_reserve_addr(xs->umem->cq)) {
 			err = -EAGAIN;
 			goto out;
 		}
···
 		}
 
 		skb_put(skb, len);
-		id = desc.idx;
-		buffer = xdp_umem_get_data(xs->umem, id) + desc.offset;
+		addr = desc.addr;
+		buffer = xdp_umem_get_data(xs->umem, addr);
 		err = skb_store_bits(skb, 0, buffer, len);
 		if (unlikely(err)) {
 			kfree_skb(skb);
···
 		skb->dev = xs->dev;
 		skb->priority = sk->sk_priority;
 		skb->mark = sk->sk_mark;
-		skb_shinfo(skb)->destructor_arg = (void *)(long)id;
+		skb_shinfo(skb)->destructor_arg = (void *)(long)addr;
 		skb->destructor = xsk_destruct_skb;
 
 		err = dev_direct_xmit(skb, xs->queue_id);

net/xdp/xsk_queue.c

···
 
 static u32 xskq_umem_get_ring_size(struct xsk_queue *q)
 {
-	return sizeof(struct xdp_umem_ring) + q->nentries * sizeof(u32);
+	return sizeof(struct xdp_umem_ring) + q->nentries * sizeof(u64);
 }
 
 static u32 xskq_rxtx_get_ring_size(struct xsk_queue *q)

net/xdp/xsk_queue.h

···
 /* Used for the fill and completion queues for buffers */
 struct xdp_umem_ring {
 	struct xdp_ring ptrs;
-	u32 desc[0] ____cacheline_aligned_in_smp;
+	u64 desc[0] ____cacheline_aligned_in_smp;
 };
 
 struct xsk_queue {
···
 
 /* UMEM queue */
 
-static inline bool xskq_is_valid_id(struct xsk_queue *q, u32 idx)
+static inline bool xskq_is_valid_addr(struct xsk_queue *q, u64 addr)
 {
-	if (unlikely(idx >= q->umem_props.nframes)) {
+	if (addr >= q->umem_props.size) {
 		q->invalid_descs++;
 		return false;
 	}
+
 	return true;
 }
 
-static inline u32 *xskq_validate_id(struct xsk_queue *q, u32 *id)
+static inline u64 *xskq_validate_addr(struct xsk_queue *q, u64 *addr)
 {
 	while (q->cons_tail != q->cons_head) {
 		struct xdp_umem_ring *ring = (struct xdp_umem_ring *)q->ring;
 		unsigned int idx = q->cons_tail & q->ring_mask;
 
-		*id = READ_ONCE(ring->desc[idx]);
-		if (xskq_is_valid_id(q, *id))
-			return id;
+		*addr = READ_ONCE(ring->desc[idx]) & q->umem_props.chunk_mask;
+		if (xskq_is_valid_addr(q, *addr))
+			return addr;
 
 		q->cons_tail++;
 	}
···
 	return NULL;
 }
 
-static inline u32 *xskq_peek_id(struct xsk_queue *q, u32 *id)
+static inline u64 *xskq_peek_addr(struct xsk_queue *q, u64 *addr)
 {
 	if (q->cons_tail == q->cons_head) {
 		WRITE_ONCE(q->ring->consumer, q->cons_tail);
···
 		smp_rmb();
 	}
 
-	return xskq_validate_id(q, id);
+	return xskq_validate_addr(q, addr);
 }
 
-static inline void xskq_discard_id(struct xsk_queue *q)
+static inline void xskq_discard_addr(struct xsk_queue *q)
 {
 	q->cons_tail++;
 }
 
-static inline int xskq_produce_id(struct xsk_queue *q, u32 id)
+static inline int xskq_produce_addr(struct xsk_queue *q, u64 addr)
 {
 	struct xdp_umem_ring *ring = (struct xdp_umem_ring *)q->ring;
 
-	ring->desc[q->prod_tail++ & q->ring_mask] = id;
+	ring->desc[q->prod_tail++ & q->ring_mask] = addr;
 
 	/* Order producer and data */
 	smp_wmb();
···
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static inline int xskq_reserve_id(struct xsk_queue *q)
+static inline int xskq_reserve_addr(struct xsk_queue *q)
 {
 	if (xskq_nb_free(q, q->prod_head, 1) == 0)
 		return -ENOSPC;
···
 
 static inline bool xskq_is_valid_desc(struct xsk_queue *q, struct xdp_desc *d)
 {
-	u32 buff_len;
-
-	if (unlikely(d->idx >= q->umem_props.nframes)) {
-		q->invalid_descs++;
+	if (!xskq_is_valid_addr(q, d->addr))
 		return false;
-	}
 
-	buff_len = q->umem_props.frame_size;
-	if (unlikely(d->len > buff_len || d->len == 0 ||
-		     d->offset > buff_len || d->offset + d->len > buff_len)) {
+	if (((d->addr + d->len) & q->umem_props.chunk_mask) !=
+	    (d->addr & q->umem_props.chunk_mask)) {
 		q->invalid_descs++;
 		return false;
 	}
···
 }
 
 static inline int xskq_produce_batch_desc(struct xsk_queue *q,
-					  u32 id, u32 len, u16 offset)
+					  u64 addr, u32 len)
 {
 	struct xdp_rxtx_ring *ring = (struct xdp_rxtx_ring *)q->ring;
 	unsigned int idx;
···
 		return -ENOSPC;
 
 	idx = (q->prod_head++) & q->ring_mask;
-	ring->desc[idx].idx = id;
+	ring->desc[idx].addr = addr;
 	ring->desc[idx].len = len;
-	ring->desc[idx].offset = offset;
 
 	return 0;
 }