drm/doc: Document drm_file.[hc]

Well, mostly drm_file.h, and clean up all related things:

- I didnt' figure out the difference between preclose and postclose.
The existing explanation in drm-internals.rst didn't convince me,
since it's also really outdated - we clean up pending DRM events in
the core nowadays. I put a FIXME in for the future.

- Another FIXME is to have a macro for default fops.

- Lots of links all around, main areas are to tie the overview in
drm_file.c more into the callbacks in struct drm_device, and the
other is to link render/primary node code to the right sections in
drm-uapi.rst.

- Also moved the open/close stuff to drm_drv.h from drm-internals.rst,
seems like the better place for that information. Since that section
was rather outdated this amounted to full-on rewrite.

A big missing piece here is some overview graph, but I think better to
wait with that one until drm_device and drm_driver are also fully
documented.

v2: Nits from Sean.

Reviewed-by: Sean Paul <[e-mail]>
Reviewed-by: Liviu Dudau <[e-mail]>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Vetter <[e-mail]>
Link: http://patchwork.freedesktop.org/patch/msgid/[e-mail]

Documentation/gpu/drm-internals.rst

···
 Open/Close, File Operations and IOCTLs
 ======================================
 
-Open and Close
---------------
-
-Open and close handlers. None of those methods are mandatory::
-
-    int (*firstopen) (struct drm_device *);
-    void (*lastclose) (struct drm_device *);
-    int (*open) (struct drm_device *, struct drm_file *);
-    void (*preclose) (struct drm_device *, struct drm_file *);
-    void (*postclose) (struct drm_device *, struct drm_file *);
-
-The firstopen method is called by the DRM core for legacy UMS (User Mode
-Setting) drivers only when an application opens a device that has no
-other opened file handle. UMS drivers can implement it to acquire device
-resources. KMS drivers can't use the method and must acquire resources
-in the load method instead.
-
-Similarly the lastclose method is called when the last application
-holding a file handle opened on the device closes it, for both UMS and
-KMS drivers. Additionally, the method is also called at module unload
-time or, for hot-pluggable devices, when the device is unplugged. The
-firstopen and lastclose calls can thus be unbalanced.
-
-The open method is called every time the device is opened by an
-application. Drivers can allocate per-file private data in this method
-and store them in the struct :c:type:`struct drm_file
-<drm_file>` driver_priv field. Note that the open method is
-called before firstopen.
-
-The close operation is split into preclose and postclose methods.
-Drivers must stop and cleanup all per-file operations in the preclose
-method. For instance pending vertical blanking and page flip events must
-be cancelled. No per-file operation is allowed on the file handle after
-returning from the preclose method.
-
-Finally the postclose method is called as the last step of the close
-operation, right before calling the lastclose method if no other open
-file handle exists for the device. Drivers that have allocated per-file
-private data in the open method should free it here.
-
-The lastclose method should restore CRTC and plane properties to default
-value, so that a subsequent open of the device will not inherit state
-from the previous user. It can also be used to execute delayed power
-switching state changes, e.g. in conjunction with the :ref:`vga_switcheroo`
-infrastructure. Beyond that KMS drivers should not do any
-further cleanup. Only legacy UMS drivers might need to clean up device
-state so that the vga console or an independent fbdev driver could take
-over.
-
 File Operations
 ---------------
 
 .. kernel-doc:: drivers/gpu/drm/drm_file.c
    :doc: file operations
+
+.. kernel-doc:: include/drm/drm_file.h
+   :internal:
 
 .. kernel-doc:: drivers/gpu/drm/drm_file.c
    :export:

Documentation/gpu/drm-uapi.rst

···
    :doc: getunique and setversion story
 
 
+.. _drm_primary_node:
+
 Primary Nodes, DRM Master and Authentication
 ============================================
 
···
 is already rather painful for the DRM subsystem, with multiple different uAPIs
 for the same thing co-existing. If we add a few more complete mistakes into the
 mix every year it would be entirely unmanageable.
+
+.. _drm_render_node:
 
 Render nodes
 ============

drivers/gpu/drm/drm_file.c

···
  *
  * Drivers must define the file operations structure that forms the DRM
  * userspace API entry point, even though most of those operations are
- * implemented in the DRM core. The mandatory functions are drm_open(),
+ * implemented in the DRM core. The resulting &struct file_operations must be
+ * stored in the &drm_driver.fops field. The mandatory functions are drm_open(),
  * drm_read(), drm_ioctl() and drm_compat_ioctl() if CONFIG_COMPAT is enabled
- * (note that drm_compat_ioctl will be NULL if CONFIG_COMPAT=n). Drivers which
- * implement private ioctls that require 32/64 bit compatibility support must
- * provide their own .compat_ioctl() handler that processes private ioctls and
- * calls drm_compat_ioctl() for core ioctls.
+ * Note that drm_compat_ioctl will be NULL if CONFIG_COMPAT=n, so there's no
+ * need to sprinkle #ifdef into the code. Drivers which implement private ioctls
+ * that require 32/64 bit compatibility support must provide their own
+ * &file_operations.compat_ioctl handler that processes private ioctls and calls
+ * drm_compat_ioctl() for core ioctls.
  *
  * In addition drm_read() and drm_poll() provide support for DRM events. DRM
  * events are a generic and extensible means to send asynchronous events to
···
  * page flip completions by the KMS API. But drivers can also use it for their
  * own needs, e.g. to signal completion of rendering.
  *
+ * For the driver-side event interface see drm_event_reserve_init() and
+ * drm_send_event() as the main starting points.
+ *
  * The memory mapping implementation will vary depending on how the driver
  * manages memory. Legacy drivers will use the deprecated drm_legacy_mmap()
  * function, modern drivers should use one of the provided memory-manager
- * specific implementations. For GEM-based drivers this is drm_gem_mmap().
+ * specific implementations. For GEM-based drivers this is drm_gem_mmap(), and
+ * for drivers which use the CMA GEM helpers it's drm_gem_cma_mmap().
  *
  * No other file operations are supported by the DRM userspace API. Overall the
  * following is an example #file_operations structure::
···
  *             .llseek = no_llseek,
  *             .mmap = drm_gem_mmap,
  *     };
+ *
+ * FIXME: We should have a macro for this (and the CMA version) so that drivers
+ * don't have to repeat it all the time.
  */
 
 static int drm_open_helper(struct file *filp, struct drm_minor *minor);
···
  * @inode: device inode
  * @filp: file pointer.
  *
- * This function must be used by drivers as their .open() #file_operations
- * method. It looks up the correct DRM device and instantiates all the per-file
- * resources for it.
+ * This function must be used by drivers as their &file_operations.open method.
+ * It looks up the correct DRM device and instantiates all the per-file
+ * resources for it. It also calls the &drm_driver.open driver callback.
  *
  * RETURNS:
  *
···
 	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&dev->event_lock, flags);
 }
 
-/*
- * drm_legacy_dev_reinit
- *
- * Reinitializes a legacy/ums drm device in it's lastclose function.
- */
 static void drm_legacy_dev_reinit(struct drm_device *dev)
 {
 	if (dev->irq_enabled)
···
 	DRM_DEBUG("lastclose completed\n");
 }
 
-/*
- * Take down the DRM device.
- *
- * \param dev DRM device structure.
- *
- * Frees every resource in \p dev.
- *
- * \sa drm_device
- */
 void drm_lastclose(struct drm_device * dev)
 {
 	DRM_DEBUG("\n");
···
  * @inode: device inode
  * @filp: file pointer.
  *
- * This function must be used by drivers as their .release() #file_operations
- * method. It frees any resources associated with the open file, and if this is
- * the last open file for the DRM device also proceeds to call drm_lastclose().
+ * This function must be used by drivers as their &file_operations.release
+ * method. It frees any resources associated with the open file, and calls the
+ * &drm_driver.preclose and &drm_driver.lastclose driver callbacks. If this is
+ * the last open file for the DRM device also proceeds to call the
+ * &drm_driver.lastclose driver callback.
  *
  * RETURNS:
  *
···
  * @count: count in bytes to read
  * @offset: offset to read
  *
- * This function must be used by drivers as their .read() #file_operations
+ * This function must be used by drivers as their &file_operations.read
  * method iff they use DRM events for asynchronous signalling to userspace.
  * Since events are used by the KMS API for vblank and page flip completion this
  * means all modern display drivers must use it.
  *
- * @offset is ignore, DRM events are read like a pipe. Therefore drivers also
- * must set the .llseek() #file_operation to no_llseek(). Polling support is
+ * @offset is ignored, DRM events are read like a pipe. Therefore drivers also
+ * must set the &file_operation.llseek to no_llseek(). Polling support is
  * provided by drm_poll().
  *
  * This function will only ever read a full event. Therefore userspace must
···
  * @filp: file pointer
  * @wait: poll waiter table
  *
- * This function must be used by drivers as their .read() #file_operations
- * method iff they use DRM events for asynchronous signalling to userspace.
- * Since events are used by the KMS API for vblank and page flip completion this
- * means all modern display drivers must use it.
+ * This function must be used by drivers as their &file_operations.read method
+ * iff they use DRM events for asynchronous signalling to userspace.  Since
+ * events are used by the KMS API for vblank and page flip completion this means
+ * all modern display drivers must use it.
  *
  * See also drm_read().
  *
···
  * @p: tracking structure for the pending event
  *
  * This function frees the event @p initialized with drm_event_reserve_init()
- * and releases any allocated space.
+ * and releases any allocated space. It is used to cancel an event when the
+ * nonblocking operation could not be submitted and needed to be aborted.
  */
 void drm_event_cancel_free(struct drm_device *dev,
 			   struct drm_pending_event *p)

include/drm/drm_drv.h

···
  * structure for GEM drivers.
  */
 struct drm_driver {
-
 	/**
 	 * @load:
 	 *
···
 	 * See drm_dev_init() and drm_dev_register() for proper and
 	 * race-free way to set up a &struct drm_device.
 	 *
+	 * This is deprecated, do not use!
+	 *
 	 * Returns:
 	 *
 	 * Zero on success, non-zero value on failure.
 	 */
 	int (*load) (struct drm_device *, unsigned long flags);
+
+	/**
+	 * @open:
+	 *
+	 * Driver callback when a new &struct drm_file is opened. Useful for
+	 * setting up driver-private data structures like buffer allocators,
+	 * execution contexts or similar things. Such driver-private resources
+	 * must be released again in @postclose.
+	 *
+	 * Since the display/modeset side of DRM can only be owned by exactly
+	 * one &struct drm_file (see &drm_file.is_master and &drm_device.master)
+	 * there should never be a need to set up any modeset related resources
+	 * in this callback. Doing so would be a driver design bug.
+	 *
+	 * Returns:
+	 *
+	 * 0 on success, a negative error code on failure, which will be
+	 * promoted to userspace as the result of the open() system call.
+	 */
 	int (*open) (struct drm_device *, struct drm_file *);
+
+	/**
+	 * @preclose:
+	 *
+	 * One of the driver callbacks when a new &struct drm_file is closed.
+	 * Useful for tearing down driver-private data structures allocated in
+	 * @open like buffer allocators, execution contexts or similar things.
+	 *
+	 * Since the display/modeset side of DRM can only be owned by exactly
+	 * one &struct drm_file (see &drm_file.is_master and &drm_device.master)
+	 * there should never be a need to tear down any modeset related
+	 * resources in this callback. Doing so would be a driver design bug.
+	 *
+	 * FIXME: It is not really clear why there's both @preclose and
+	 * @postclose. Without a really good reason, use @postclose only.
+	 */
 	void (*preclose) (struct drm_device *, struct drm_file *file_priv);
+
+	/**
+	 * @postclose:
+	 *
+	 * One of the driver callbacks when a new &struct drm_file is closed.
+	 * Useful for tearing down driver-private data structures allocated in
+	 * @open like buffer allocators, execution contexts or similar things.
+	 *
+	 * Since the display/modeset side of DRM can only be owned by exactly
+	 * one &struct drm_file (see &drm_file.is_master and &drm_device.master)
+	 * there should never be a need to tear down any modeset related
+	 * resources in this callback. Doing so would be a driver design bug.
+	 *
+	 * FIXME: It is not really clear why there's both @preclose and
+	 * @postclose. Without a really good reason, use @postclose only.
+	 */
 	void (*postclose) (struct drm_device *, struct drm_file *);
+
+	/**
+	 * @lastclose:
+	 *
+	 * Called when the last &struct drm_file has been closed and there's
+	 * currently no userspace client for the &struct drm_device.
+	 *
+	 * Modern drivers should only use this to force-restore the fbdev
+	 * framebuffer using drm_fb_helper_restore_fbdev_mode_unlocked().
+	 * Anything else would indicate there's something seriously wrong.
+	 * Modern drivers can also use this to execute delayed power switching
+	 * state changes, e.g. in conjunction with the :ref:`vga_switcheroo`
+	 * infrastructure.
+	 *
+	 * This is called after @preclose and @postclose have been called.
+	 *
+	 * NOTE:
+	 *
+	 * All legacy drivers use this callback to de-initialize the hardware.
+	 * This is purely because of the shadow-attach model, where the DRM
+	 * kernel driver does not really own the hardware. Instead ownershipe is
+	 * handled with the help of userspace through an inheritedly racy dance
+	 * to set/unset the VT into raw mode.
+	 *
+	 * Legacy drivers initialize the hardware in the @firstopen callback,
+	 * which isn't even called for modern drivers.
+	 */
 	void (*lastclose) (struct drm_device *);
 
 	/**

include/drm/drm_file.h

···
  * FIXME: Not sure we want to have drm_minor here in the end, but to avoid
  * header include loops we need it here for now.
  */
+
 enum drm_minor_type {
 	DRM_MINOR_PRIMARY,
 	DRM_MINOR_CONTROL,
···
 };
 
 /**
- * DRM minor structure. This structure represents a drm minor number.
+ * struct drm_minor - DRM device minor structure
+ *
+ * This structure represents a DRM minor number for device nodes in /dev.
+ * Entirely opaque to drivers and should never be inspected directly by drivers.
+ * Drivers instead should only interact with &struct drm_file and of course
+ * &struct drm_device, which is also where driver-private data and resources can
+ * be attached to.
  */
 struct drm_minor {
-	int index;			/**< Minor device number */
-	int type;                       /**< Control or render */
-	struct device *kdev;		/**< Linux device */
+	/* private: */
+	int index;			/* Minor device number */
+	int type;                       /* Control or render */
+	struct device *kdev;		/* Linux device */
 	struct drm_device *dev;
 
 	struct dentry *debugfs_root;
···
 	struct mutex debugfs_lock; /* Protects debugfs_list. */
 };
 
-/* Event queued up for userspace to read */
+/**
+ * struct drm_pending_event - Event queued up for userspace to read
+ *
+ * This represents a DRM event. Drivers can use this as a generic completion
+ * mechanism, which supports kernel-internal &struct completion, &struct dma_fence
+ * and also the DRM-specific &struct drm_event delivery mechanism.
+ */
 struct drm_pending_event {
+	/**
+	 * @completion:
+	 *
+	 * Optional pointer to a kernel internal completion signalled when
+	 * drm_send_event() is called, useful to internally synchronize with
+	 * nonblocking operations.
+	 */
 	struct completion *completion;
+
+	/**
+	 * @completion_release:
+	 *
+	 * Optional callback currently only used by the atomic modeset helpers
+	 * to clean up the reference count for the structure @completion is
+	 * stored in.
+	 */
 	void (*completion_release)(struct completion *completion);
+
+	/**
+	 * @event:
+	 *
+	 * Pointer to the actual event that should be sent to userspace to be
+	 * read using drm_read(). Can be optional, since nowadays events are
+	 * also used to signal kernel internal threads with @completion or DMA
+	 * transactions using @fence.
+	 */
 	struct drm_event *event;
+
+	/**
+	 * @fence:
+	 *
+	 * Optional DMA fence to unblock other hardware transactions which
+	 * depend upon the nonblocking DRM operation this event represents.
+	 */
 	struct dma_fence *fence;
-	struct list_head link;
-	struct list_head pending_link;
+
+	/**
+	 * @file_priv:
+	 *
+	 * &struct drm_file where @event should be delivered to. Only set when
+	 * @event is set.
+	 */
 	struct drm_file *file_priv;
+
+	/**
+	 * @link:
+	 *
+	 * Double-linked list to keep track of this event. Can be used by the
+	 * driver up to the point when it calls drm_send_event(), after that
+	 * this list entry is owned by the core for its own book-keeping.
+	 */
+	struct list_head link;
+
+	/**
+	 * @pending_link:
+	 *
+	 * Entry on &drm_file.pending_event_list, to keep track of all pending
+	 * events for @file_priv, to allow correct unwinding of them when
+	 * userspace closes the file before the event is delivered.
+	 */
+	struct list_head pending_link;
 };
 
-/** File private data */
+/**
+ * struct drm_file - DRM file private data
+ *
+ * This structure tracks DRM state per open file descriptor.
+ */
 struct drm_file {
+	/**
+	 * @authenticated:
+	 *
+	 * Whether the client is allowed to submit rendering, which for legacy
+	 * nodes means it must be authenticated.
+	 *
+	 * See also the :ref:`section on primary nodes and authentication
+	 * <drm_primary_node>`.
+	 */
 	unsigned authenticated :1;
-	/* true when the client has asked us to expose stereo 3D mode flags */
+
+	/**
+	 * @stereo_allowed:
+	 *
+	 * True when the client has asked us to expose stereo 3D mode flags.
+	 */
 	unsigned stereo_allowed :1;
-	/*
-	 * true if client understands CRTC primary planes and cursor planes
-	 * in the plane list
+
+	/**
+	 * @universal_planes:
+	 *
+	 * True if client understands CRTC primary planes and cursor planes
+	 * in the plane list. Automatically set when @atomic is set.
 	 */
 	unsigned universal_planes:1;
-	/* true if client understands atomic properties */
+
+	/** @atomic: True if client understands atomic properties. */
 	unsigned atomic:1;
-	/*
-	 * This client is the creator of @master.
-	 * Protected by struct drm_device::master_mutex.
+
+	/**
+	 * @is_master:
+	 *
+	 * This client is the creator of @master. Protected by struct
+	 * &drm_device.master_mutex.
+	 *
+	 * See also the :ref:`section on primary nodes and authentication
+	 * <drm_primary_node>`.
 	 */
 	unsigned is_master:1;
 
-	struct pid *pid;
-	drm_magic_t magic;
-	struct list_head lhead;
-	struct drm_minor *minor;
-	unsigned long lock_count;
+	/**
+	 * @master:
+	 *
+	 * Master this node is currently associated with. Only relevant if
+	 * drm_is_primary_client() returns true. Note that this only
+	 * matches &drm_device.master if the master is the currently active one.
+	 *
+	 * See also @authentication and @is_master and the :ref:`section on
+	 * primary nodes and authentication <drm_primary_node>`.
+	 */
+	struct drm_master *master;
 
-	/** Mapping of mm object handles to object pointers. */
+	/** @pid: Process that opened this file. */
+	struct pid *pid;
+
+	/** @magic: Authentication magic, see @authenticated. */
+	drm_magic_t magic;
+
+	/**
+	 * @lhead:
+	 *
+	 * List of all open files of a DRM device, linked into
+	 * &drm_device.filelist. Protected by &drm_device.filelist_mutex.
+	 */
+	struct list_head lhead;
+
+	/** @minor: &struct drm_minor for this file. */
+	struct drm_minor *minor;
+
+	/**
+	 * @object_idr:
+	 *
+	 * Mapping of mm object handles to object pointers. Used by the GEM
+	 * subsystem. Protected by @table_lock.
+	 */
 	struct idr object_idr;
-	/** Lock for synchronization of access to object_idr. */
+
+	/** @table_lock: Protects @object_idr. */
 	spinlock_t table_lock;
 
+	/** @filp: Pointer to the core file structure. */
 	struct file *filp;
+
+	/**
+	 * @driver_priv:
+	 *
+	 * Optional pointer for driver private data. Can be allocated in
+	 * &drm_driver.open and should be freed in &drm_driver.postclose.
+	 */
 	void *driver_priv;
 
-	struct drm_master *master; /* master this node is currently associated with
-				      N.B. not always dev->master */
 	/**
-	 * fbs - List of framebuffers associated with this file.
+	 * @fbs:
 	 *
-	 * Protected by fbs_lock. Note that the fbs list holds a reference on
-	 * the fb object to prevent it from untimely disappearing.
+	 * List of &struct drm_framebuffer associated with this file, using the
+	 * &drm_framebuffer.filp_head entry.
+	 *
+	 * Protected by @fbs_lock. Note that the @fbs list holds a reference on
+	 * the framebuffer object to prevent it from untimely disappearing.
 	 */
 	struct list_head fbs;
+
+	/** @fbs_lock: Protects @fbs. */
 	struct mutex fbs_lock;
 
-	/** User-created blob properties; this retains a reference on the
-	 *  property. */
+	/**
+	 * @blobs:
+	 *
+	 * User-created blob properties; this retains a reference on the
+	 * property.
+	 *
+	 * Protected by @drm_mode_config.blob_lock;
+	 */
 	struct list_head blobs;
 
+	/** @event_wait: Waitqueue for new events added to @event_list. */
 	wait_queue_head_t event_wait;
+
+	/**
+	 * @pending_event_list:
+	 *
+	 * List of pending &struct drm_pending_event, used to clean up pending
+	 * events in case this file gets closed before the event is signalled.
+	 * Uses the &drm_pending_event.pending_link entry.
+	 *
+	 * Protect by &drm_device.event_lock.
+	 */
 	struct list_head pending_event_list;
+
+	/**
+	 * @event_list:
+	 *
+	 * List of &struct drm_pending_event, ready for delivery to userspace
+	 * through drm_read(). Uses the &drm_pending_event.link entry.
+	 *
+	 * Protect by &drm_device.event_lock.
+	 */
 	struct list_head event_list;
+
+	/**
+	 * @event_space:
+	 *
+	 * Available event space to prevent userspace from
+	 * exhausting kernel memory. Currently limited to the fairly arbitrary
+	 * value of 4KB.
+	 */
 	int event_space;
 
+	/** @event_read_lock: Serializes drm_read(). */
 	struct mutex event_read_lock;
 
+	/**
+	 * @prime:
+	 *
+	 * Per-file buffer caches used by the PRIME buffer sharing code.
+	 */
 	struct drm_prime_file_private prime;
+
+	/* private: */
+	unsigned long lock_count; /* DRI1 legacy lock count */
 };
 
+/**
+ * drm_is_primary_client - is this an open file of the primary node
+ * @file_priv: DRM file
+ *
+ * Returns true if this is an open file of the primary node, i.e.
+ * &drm_file.minor of @file_priv is a primary minor.
+ *
+ * See also the :ref:`section on primary nodes and authentication
+ * <drm_primary_node>`.
+ */
+static inline bool drm_is_primary_client(const struct drm_file *file_priv)
+{
+	return file_priv->minor->type == DRM_MINOR_PRIMARY;
+}
+
+/**
+ * drm_is_render_client - is this an open file of the render node
+ * @file_priv: DRM file
+ *
+ * Returns true if this is an open file of the render node, i.e.
+ * &drm_file.minor of @file_priv is a render minor.
+ *
+ * See also the :ref:`section on render nodes <drm_render_node>`.
+ */
 static inline bool drm_is_render_client(const struct drm_file *file_priv)
 {
 	return file_priv->minor->type == DRM_MINOR_RENDER;
 }
 
+/**
+ * drm_is_control_client - is this an open file of the control node
+ * @file_priv: DRM file
+ *
+ * Control nodes are deprecated and in the process of getting removed from the
+ * DRM userspace API. Do not ever use!
+ */
 static inline bool drm_is_control_client(const struct drm_file *file_priv)
 {
 	return file_priv->minor->type == DRM_MINOR_CONTROL;
-}
-
-static inline bool drm_is_primary_client(const struct drm_file *file_priv)
-{
-	return file_priv->minor->type == DRM_MINOR_PRIMARY;
 }
 
 int drm_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *filp);