Merge git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/bpf/bpf-next

Alexei Starovoitov says:

====================
pull-request: bpf-next 2019-11-02

The following pull-request contains BPF updates for your *net-next* tree.

We've added 30 non-merge commits during the last 7 day(s) which contain
a total of 41 files changed, 1864 insertions(+), 474 deletions(-).

The main changes are:

1) Fix long standing user vs kernel access issue by introducing
bpf_probe_read_user() and bpf_probe_read_kernel() helpers, from Daniel.

2) Accelerated xskmap lookup, from Björn and Maciej.

3) Support for automatic map pinning in libbpf, from Toke.

4) Cleanup of BTF-enabled raw tracepoints, from Alexei.

5) Various fixes to libbpf and selftests.
====================

Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <[e-mail]>

Documentation/bpf/index.rst

···
    prog_flow_dissector
 
 
+Testing BPF
+===========
+
+.. toctree::
+   :maxdepth: 1
+
+   s390
+
+
 .. Links:
 .. _Documentation/networking/filter.txt: ../networking/filter.txt
 .. _man-pages: https://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/

Documentation/bpf/s390.rst

···
+===================
+Testing BPF on s390
+===================
+
+1. Introduction
+***************
+
+IBM Z are mainframe computers, which are descendants of IBM System/360 from
+year 1964. They are supported by the Linux kernel under the name "s390". This
+document describes how to test BPF in an s390 QEMU guest.
+
+2. One-time setup
+*****************
+
+The following is required to build and run the test suite:
+
+  * s390 GCC
+  * s390 development headers and libraries
+  * Clang with BPF support
+  * QEMU with s390 support
+  * Disk image with s390 rootfs
+
+Debian supports installing compiler and libraries for s390 out of the box.
+Users of other distros may use debootstrap in order to set up a Debian chroot::
+
+  sudo debootstrap \
+    --variant=minbase \
+    --include=sudo \
+    testing \
+    ./s390-toolchain
+  sudo mount --rbind /dev ./s390-toolchain/dev
+  sudo mount --rbind /proc ./s390-toolchain/proc
+  sudo mount --rbind /sys ./s390-toolchain/sys
+  sudo chroot ./s390-toolchain
+
+Once on Debian, the build prerequisites can be installed as follows::
+
+  sudo dpkg --add-architecture s390x
+  sudo apt-get update
+  sudo apt-get install \
+    bc \
+    bison \
+    cmake \
+    debootstrap \
+    dwarves \
+    flex \
+    g++ \
+    gcc \
+    g++-s390x-linux-gnu \
+    gcc-s390x-linux-gnu \
+    gdb-multiarch \
+    git \
+    make \
+    python3 \
+    qemu-system-misc \
+    qemu-utils \
+    rsync \
+    libcap-dev:s390x \
+    libelf-dev:s390x \
+    libncurses-dev
+
+Latest Clang targeting BPF can be installed as follows::
+
+  git clone https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project.git
+  ln -s ../../clang llvm-project/llvm/tools/
+  mkdir llvm-project-build
+  cd llvm-project-build
+  cmake \
+    -DLLVM_TARGETS_TO_BUILD=BPF \
+    -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release \
+    -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/opt/clang-bpf \
+    ../llvm-project/llvm
+  make
+  sudo make install
+  export PATH=/opt/clang-bpf/bin:$PATH
+
+The disk image can be prepared using a loopback mount and debootstrap::
+
+  qemu-img create -f raw ./s390.img 1G
+  sudo losetup -f ./s390.img
+  sudo mkfs.ext4 /dev/loopX
+  mkdir ./s390.rootfs
+  sudo mount /dev/loopX ./s390.rootfs
+  sudo debootstrap \
+    --foreign \
+    --arch=s390x \
+    --variant=minbase \
+    --include=" \
+      iproute2, \
+      iputils-ping, \
+      isc-dhcp-client, \
+      kmod, \
+      libcap2, \
+      libelf1, \
+      netcat, \
+      procps" \
+    testing \
+    ./s390.rootfs
+  sudo umount ./s390.rootfs
+  sudo losetup -d /dev/loopX
+
+3. Compilation
+**************
+
+In addition to the usual Kconfig options required to run the BPF test suite, it
+is also helpful to select::
+
+  CONFIG_NET_9P=y
+  CONFIG_9P_FS=y
+  CONFIG_NET_9P_VIRTIO=y
+  CONFIG_VIRTIO_PCI=y
+
+as that would enable a very easy way to share files with the s390 virtual
+machine.
+
+Compiling kernel, modules and testsuite, as well as preparing gdb scripts to
+simplify debugging, can be done using the following commands::
+
+  make ARCH=s390 CROSS_COMPILE=s390x-linux-gnu- menuconfig
+  make ARCH=s390 CROSS_COMPILE=s390x-linux-gnu- bzImage modules scripts_gdb
+  make ARCH=s390 CROSS_COMPILE=s390x-linux-gnu- \
+    -C tools/testing/selftests \
+    TARGETS=bpf \
+    INSTALL_PATH=$PWD/tools/testing/selftests/kselftest_install \
+    install
+
+4. Running the test suite
+*************************
+
+The virtual machine can be started as follows::
+
+  qemu-system-s390x \
+    -cpu max,zpci=on \
+    -smp 2 \
+    -m 4G \
+    -kernel linux/arch/s390/boot/compressed/vmlinux \
+    -drive file=./s390.img,if=virtio,format=raw \
+    -nographic \
+    -append 'root=/dev/vda rw console=ttyS1' \
+    -virtfs local,path=./linux,security_model=none,mount_tag=linux \
+    -object rng-random,filename=/dev/urandom,id=rng0 \
+    -device virtio-rng-ccw,rng=rng0 \
+    -netdev user,id=net0 \
+    -device virtio-net-ccw,netdev=net0
+
+When using this on a real IBM Z, ``-enable-kvm`` may be added for better
+performance. When starting the virtual machine for the first time, disk image
+setup must be finalized using the following command::
+
+  /debootstrap/debootstrap --second-stage
+
+Directory with the code built on the host as well as ``/proc`` and ``/sys``
+need to be mounted as follows::
+
+  mkdir -p /linux
+  mount -t 9p linux /linux
+  mount -t proc proc /proc
+  mount -t sysfs sys /sys
+
+After that, the test suite can be run using the following commands::
+
+  cd /linux/tools/testing/selftests/kselftest_install
+  ./run_kselftest.sh
+
+As usual, tests can be also run individually::
+
+  cd /linux/tools/testing/selftests/bpf
+  ./test_verifier
+
+5. Debugging
+************
+
+It is possible to debug the s390 kernel using QEMU GDB stub, which is activated
+by passing ``-s`` to QEMU.
+
+It is preferable to turn KASLR off, so that gdb would know where to find the
+kernel image in memory, by building the kernel with::
+
+  RANDOMIZE_BASE=n
+
+GDB can then be attached using the following command::
+
+  gdb-multiarch -ex 'target remote localhost:1234' ./vmlinux
+
+6. Network
+**********
+
+In case one needs to use the network in the virtual machine in order to e.g.
+install additional packages, it can be configured using::
+
+  dhclient eth0
+
+7. Links
+********
+
+This document is a compilation of techniques, whose more comprehensive
+descriptions can be found by following these links:
+
+- `Debootstrap <https://wiki.debian.org/EmDebian/CrossDebootstrap>`_
+- `Multiarch <https://wiki.debian.org/Multiarch/HOWTO>`_
+- `Building LLVM <https://llvm.org/docs/CMake.html>`_
+- `Cross-compiling the kernel <https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/Embedded_Handbook/General/Cross-compiling_the_kernel>`_
+- `QEMU s390x Guest Support <https://wiki.qemu.org/Documentation/Platforms/S390X>`_
+- `Plan 9 folder sharing over Virtio <https://wiki.qemu.org/Documentation/9psetup>`_
+- `Using GDB with QEMU <https://wiki.osdev.org/Kernel_Debugging#Use_GDB_with_QEMU>`_

arch/x86/mm/Makefile

···
 endif
 
 obj-y	:=  init.o init_$(BITS).o fault.o ioremap.o extable.o pageattr.o mmap.o \
-	    pat.o pgtable.o physaddr.o setup_nx.o tlb.o cpu_entry_area.o
+	    pat.o pgtable.o physaddr.o setup_nx.o tlb.o cpu_entry_area.o maccess.o
 
 # Make sure __phys_addr has no stackprotector
 nostackp := $(call cc-option, -fno-stack-protector)

arch/x86/mm/maccess.c

···
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
+
+#include <linux/uaccess.h>
+#include <linux/kernel.h>
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_X86_64
+static __always_inline u64 canonical_address(u64 vaddr, u8 vaddr_bits)
+{
+	return ((s64)vaddr << (64 - vaddr_bits)) >> (64 - vaddr_bits);
+}
+
+static __always_inline bool invalid_probe_range(u64 vaddr)
+{
+	/*
+	 * Range covering the highest possible canonical userspace address
+	 * as well as non-canonical address range. For the canonical range
+	 * we also need to include the userspace guard page.
+	 */
+	return vaddr < TASK_SIZE_MAX + PAGE_SIZE ||
+	       canonical_address(vaddr, boot_cpu_data.x86_virt_bits) != vaddr;
+}
+#else
+static __always_inline bool invalid_probe_range(u64 vaddr)
+{
+	return vaddr < TASK_SIZE_MAX;
+}
+#endif
+
+long probe_kernel_read_strict(void *dst, const void *src, size_t size)
+{
+	if (unlikely(invalid_probe_range((unsigned long)src)))
+		return -EFAULT;
+
+	return __probe_kernel_read(dst, src, size);
+}
+
+long strncpy_from_unsafe_strict(char *dst, const void *unsafe_addr, long count)
+{
+	if (unlikely(invalid_probe_range((unsigned long)unsafe_addr)))
+		return -EFAULT;
+
+	return __strncpy_from_unsafe(dst, unsafe_addr, count);
+}

include/linux/bpf.h

···
 
 #define MAX_BPF_CGROUP_STORAGE_TYPE __BPF_CGROUP_STORAGE_MAX
 
+/* The longest tracepoint has 12 args.
+ * See include/trace/bpf_probe.h
+ */
+#define MAX_BPF_FUNC_ARGS 12
+
 struct bpf_prog_stats {
 	u64 cnt;
 	u64 nsecs;
···
 				       struct bpf_prog *prog)
 {
 	return -EINVAL;
-}
-#endif
-
-#if defined(CONFIG_XDP_SOCKETS)
-struct xdp_sock;
-struct xdp_sock *__xsk_map_lookup_elem(struct bpf_map *map, u32 key);
-int __xsk_map_redirect(struct bpf_map *map, struct xdp_buff *xdp,
-		       struct xdp_sock *xs);
-void __xsk_map_flush(struct bpf_map *map);
-#else
-struct xdp_sock;
-static inline struct xdp_sock *__xsk_map_lookup_elem(struct bpf_map *map,
-						     u32 key)
-{
-	return NULL;
-}
-
-static inline int __xsk_map_redirect(struct bpf_map *map, struct xdp_buff *xdp,
-				     struct xdp_sock *xs)
-{
-	return -EOPNOTSUPP;
-}
-
-static inline void __xsk_map_flush(struct bpf_map *map)
-{
 }
 #endif
 

include/linux/bpf_types.h

···
 BPF_PROG_TYPE(BPF_PROG_TYPE_PERF_EVENT, perf_event)
 BPF_PROG_TYPE(BPF_PROG_TYPE_RAW_TRACEPOINT, raw_tracepoint)
 BPF_PROG_TYPE(BPF_PROG_TYPE_RAW_TRACEPOINT_WRITABLE, raw_tracepoint_writable)
+BPF_PROG_TYPE(BPF_PROG_TYPE_TRACING, tracing)
 #endif
 #ifdef CONFIG_CGROUP_BPF
 BPF_PROG_TYPE(BPF_PROG_TYPE_CGROUP_DEVICE, cg_dev)

include/linux/uaccess.h

···
  * happens, handle that and return -EFAULT.
  */
 extern long probe_kernel_read(void *dst, const void *src, size_t size);
+extern long probe_kernel_read_strict(void *dst, const void *src, size_t size);
 extern long __probe_kernel_read(void *dst, const void *src, size_t size);
 
 /*
···
 extern long notrace probe_kernel_write(void *dst, const void *src, size_t size);
 extern long notrace __probe_kernel_write(void *dst, const void *src, size_t size);
 
+/*
+ * probe_user_write(): safely attempt to write to a location in user space
+ * @dst: address to write to
+ * @src: pointer to the data that shall be written
+ * @size: size of the data chunk
+ *
+ * Safely write to address @dst from the buffer at @src.  If a kernel fault
+ * happens, handle that and return -EFAULT.
+ */
+extern long notrace probe_user_write(void __user *dst, const void *src, size_t size);
+extern long notrace __probe_user_write(void __user *dst, const void *src, size_t size);
+
 extern long strncpy_from_unsafe(char *dst, const void *unsafe_addr, long count);
+extern long strncpy_from_unsafe_strict(char *dst, const void *unsafe_addr,
+				       long count);
+extern long __strncpy_from_unsafe(char *dst, const void *unsafe_addr, long count);
 extern long strncpy_from_unsafe_user(char *dst, const void __user *unsafe_addr,
 				     long count);
 extern long strnlen_unsafe_user(const void __user *unsafe_addr, long count);

include/net/xdp_sock.h

···
 /* Nodes are linked in the struct xdp_sock map_list field, and used to
  * track which maps a certain socket reside in.
  */
-struct xsk_map;
+
+struct xsk_map {
+	struct bpf_map map;
+	struct list_head __percpu *flush_list;
+	spinlock_t lock; /* Synchronize map updates */
+	struct xdp_sock *xsk_map[];
+};
+
 struct xsk_map_node {
 	struct list_head node;
 	struct xsk_map *map;
···
 struct xdp_buff;
 #ifdef CONFIG_XDP_SOCKETS
 int xsk_generic_rcv(struct xdp_sock *xs, struct xdp_buff *xdp);
-int xsk_rcv(struct xdp_sock *xs, struct xdp_buff *xdp);
-void xsk_flush(struct xdp_sock *xs);
 bool xsk_is_setup_for_bpf_map(struct xdp_sock *xs);
 /* Used from netdev driver */
 bool xsk_umem_has_addrs(struct xdp_umem *umem, u32 cnt);
···
 			     struct xdp_sock **map_entry);
 int xsk_map_inc(struct xsk_map *map);
 void xsk_map_put(struct xsk_map *map);
+int __xsk_map_redirect(struct bpf_map *map, struct xdp_buff *xdp,
+		       struct xdp_sock *xs);
+void __xsk_map_flush(struct bpf_map *map);
+
+static inline struct xdp_sock *__xsk_map_lookup_elem(struct bpf_map *map,
+						     u32 key)
+{
+	struct xsk_map *m = container_of(map, struct xsk_map, map);
+	struct xdp_sock *xs;
+
+	if (key >= map->max_entries)
+		return NULL;
+
+	xs = READ_ONCE(m->xsk_map[key]);
+	return xs;
+}
 
 static inline u64 xsk_umem_extract_addr(u64 addr)
 {
···
 static inline int xsk_generic_rcv(struct xdp_sock *xs, struct xdp_buff *xdp)
 {
 	return -ENOTSUPP;
-}
-
-static inline int xsk_rcv(struct xdp_sock *xs, struct xdp_buff *xdp)
-{
-	return -ENOTSUPP;
-}
-
-static inline void xsk_flush(struct xdp_sock *xs)
-{
 }
 
 static inline bool xsk_is_setup_for_bpf_map(struct xdp_sock *xs)
···
 	return 0;
 }
 
+static inline int __xsk_map_redirect(struct bpf_map *map, struct xdp_buff *xdp,
+				     struct xdp_sock *xs)
+{
+	return -EOPNOTSUPP;
+}
+
+static inline void __xsk_map_flush(struct bpf_map *map)
+{
+}
+
+static inline struct xdp_sock *__xsk_map_lookup_elem(struct bpf_map *map,
+						     u32 key)
+{
+	return NULL;
+}
 #endif /* CONFIG_XDP_SOCKETS */
 
 #endif /* _LINUX_XDP_SOCK_H */

include/uapi/linux/bpf.h

···
 	BPF_PROG_TYPE_CGROUP_SYSCTL,
 	BPF_PROG_TYPE_RAW_TRACEPOINT_WRITABLE,
 	BPF_PROG_TYPE_CGROUP_SOCKOPT,
+	BPF_PROG_TYPE_TRACING,
 };
 
 enum bpf_attach_type {
···
 	BPF_CGROUP_UDP6_RECVMSG,
 	BPF_CGROUP_GETSOCKOPT,
 	BPF_CGROUP_SETSOCKOPT,
+	BPF_TRACE_RAW_TP,
 	__MAX_BPF_ATTACH_TYPE
 };
 
···
  * 	Return
  * 		0 on success, or a negative error in case of failure.
  *
- * int bpf_probe_read(void *dst, u32 size, const void *src)
+ * int bpf_probe_read(void *dst, u32 size, const void *unsafe_ptr)
  * 	Description
  * 		For tracing programs, safely attempt to read *size* bytes from
- * 		address *src* and store the data in *dst*.
+ * 		kernel space address *unsafe_ptr* and store the data in *dst*.
+ *
+ * 		Generally, use bpf_probe_read_user() or bpf_probe_read_kernel()
+ * 		instead.
  * 	Return
  * 		0 on success, or a negative error in case of failure.
  *
···
  * 	Return
  * 		0 on success, or a negative error in case of failure.
  *
- * int bpf_probe_read_str(void *dst, int size, const void *unsafe_ptr)
+ * int bpf_probe_read_str(void *dst, u32 size, const void *unsafe_ptr)
  * 	Description
- * 		Copy a NUL terminated string from an unsafe address
- * 		*unsafe_ptr* to *dst*. The *size* should include the
- * 		terminating NUL byte. In case the string length is smaller than
- * 		*size*, the target is not padded with further NUL bytes. If the
- * 		string length is larger than *size*, just *size*-1 bytes are
- * 		copied and the last byte is set to NUL.
+ * 		Copy a NUL terminated string from an unsafe kernel address
+ * 		*unsafe_ptr* to *dst*. See bpf_probe_read_kernel_str() for
+ * 		more details.
  *
- * 		On success, the length of the copied string is returned. This
- * 		makes this helper useful in tracing programs for reading
- * 		strings, and more importantly to get its length at runtime. See
- * 		the following snippet:
- *
- * 		::
- *
- * 			SEC("kprobe/sys_open")
- * 			void bpf_sys_open(struct pt_regs *ctx)
- * 			{
- * 			        char buf[PATHLEN]; // PATHLEN is defined to 256
- * 			        int res = bpf_probe_read_str(buf, sizeof(buf),
- * 				                             ctx->di);
- *
- * 				// Consume buf, for example push it to
- * 				// userspace via bpf_perf_event_output(); we
- * 				// can use res (the string length) as event
- * 				// size, after checking its boundaries.
- * 			}
- *
- * 		In comparison, using **bpf_probe_read()** helper here instead
- * 		to read the string would require to estimate the length at
- * 		compile time, and would often result in copying more memory
- * 		than necessary.
- *
- * 		Another useful use case is when parsing individual process
- * 		arguments or individual environment variables navigating
- * 		*current*\ **->mm->arg_start** and *current*\
- * 		**->mm->env_start**: using this helper and the return value,
- * 		one can quickly iterate at the right offset of the memory area.
+ * 		Generally, use bpf_probe_read_user_str() or bpf_probe_read_kernel_str()
+ * 		instead.
  * 	Return
  * 		On success, the strictly positive length of the string,
  * 		including the trailing NUL character. On error, a negative
···
  * 		restricted to raw_tracepoint bpf programs.
  * 	Return
  * 		0 on success, or a negative error in case of failure.
+ *
+ * int bpf_probe_read_user(void *dst, u32 size, const void *unsafe_ptr)
+ * 	Description
+ * 		Safely attempt to read *size* bytes from user space address
+ * 		*unsafe_ptr* and store the data in *dst*.
+ * 	Return
+ * 		0 on success, or a negative error in case of failure.
+ *
+ * int bpf_probe_read_kernel(void *dst, u32 size, const void *unsafe_ptr)
+ * 	Description
+ * 		Safely attempt to read *size* bytes from kernel space address
+ * 		*unsafe_ptr* and store the data in *dst*.
+ * 	Return
+ * 		0 on success, or a negative error in case of failure.
+ *
+ * int bpf_probe_read_user_str(void *dst, u32 size, const void *unsafe_ptr)
+ * 	Description
+ * 		Copy a NUL terminated string from an unsafe user address
+ * 		*unsafe_ptr* to *dst*. The *size* should include the
+ * 		terminating NUL byte. In case the string length is smaller than
+ * 		*size*, the target is not padded with further NUL bytes. If the
+ * 		string length is larger than *size*, just *size*-1 bytes are
+ * 		copied and the last byte is set to NUL.
+ *
+ * 		On success, the length of the copied string is returned. This
+ * 		makes this helper useful in tracing programs for reading
+ * 		strings, and more importantly to get its length at runtime. See
+ * 		the following snippet:
+ *
+ * 		::
+ *
+ * 			SEC("kprobe/sys_open")
+ * 			void bpf_sys_open(struct pt_regs *ctx)
+ * 			{
+ * 			        char buf[PATHLEN]; // PATHLEN is defined to 256
+ * 			        int res = bpf_probe_read_user_str(buf, sizeof(buf),
+ * 				                                  ctx->di);
+ *
+ * 				// Consume buf, for example push it to
+ * 				// userspace via bpf_perf_event_output(); we
+ * 				// can use res (the string length) as event
+ * 				// size, after checking its boundaries.
+ * 			}
+ *
+ * 		In comparison, using **bpf_probe_read_user()** helper here
+ * 		instead to read the string would require to estimate the length
+ * 		at compile time, and would often result in copying more memory
+ * 		than necessary.
+ *
+ * 		Another useful use case is when parsing individual process
+ * 		arguments or individual environment variables navigating
+ * 		*current*\ **->mm->arg_start** and *current*\
+ * 		**->mm->env_start**: using this helper and the return value,
+ * 		one can quickly iterate at the right offset of the memory area.
+ * 	Return
+ * 		On success, the strictly positive length of the string,
+ * 		including the trailing NUL character. On error, a negative
+ * 		value.
+ *
+ * int bpf_probe_read_kernel_str(void *dst, u32 size, const void *unsafe_ptr)
+ * 	Description
+ * 		Copy a NUL terminated string from an unsafe kernel address *unsafe_ptr*
+ * 		to *dst*. Same semantics as with bpf_probe_read_user_str() apply.
+ * 	Return
+ * 		On success, the strictly positive length of the string,	including
+ * 		the trailing NUL character. On error, a negative value.
  */
 #define __BPF_FUNC_MAPPER(FN)		\
 	FN(unspec),			\
···
 	FN(sk_storage_delete),		\
 	FN(send_signal),		\
 	FN(tcp_gen_syncookie),		\
-	FN(skb_output),
+	FN(skb_output),			\
+	FN(probe_read_user),		\
+	FN(probe_read_kernel),		\
+	FN(probe_read_user_str),	\
+	FN(probe_read_kernel_str),
 
 /* integer value in 'imm' field of BPF_CALL instruction selects which helper
  * function eBPF program intends to call

kernel/bpf/core.c

···
 {
 	struct latch_tree_node *n;
 
-	if (!bpf_jit_kallsyms_enabled())
-		return NULL;
-
 	n = latch_tree_find((void *)addr, &bpf_tree, &bpf_tree_ops);
 	return n ?
 	       container_of(n, struct bpf_prog_aux, ksym_tnode)->prog :
···
 }
 
 #ifndef CONFIG_BPF_JIT_ALWAYS_ON
-u64 __weak bpf_probe_read(void * dst, u32 size, const void * unsafe_ptr)
+u64 __weak bpf_probe_read_kernel(void *dst, u32 size, const void *unsafe_ptr)
 {
 	memset(dst, 0, size);
 	return -EFAULT;
 }
+
 /**
  *	__bpf_prog_run - run eBPF program on a given context
  *	@regs: is the array of MAX_BPF_EXT_REG eBPF pseudo-registers
···
 	LDST(W,  u32)
 	LDST(DW, u64)
 #undef LDST
-#define LDX_PROBE(SIZEOP, SIZE)						\
-	LDX_PROBE_MEM_##SIZEOP:						\
-		bpf_probe_read(&DST, SIZE, (const void *)(long) SRC);	\
+#define LDX_PROBE(SIZEOP, SIZE)							\
+	LDX_PROBE_MEM_##SIZEOP:							\
+		bpf_probe_read_kernel(&DST, SIZE, (const void *)(long) SRC);	\
 		CONT;
 	LDX_PROBE(B,  1)
 	LDX_PROBE(H,  2)

kernel/bpf/syscall.c

···
 			   u32 btf_id)
 {
 	switch (prog_type) {
-	case BPF_PROG_TYPE_RAW_TRACEPOINT:
+	case BPF_PROG_TYPE_TRACING:
 		if (btf_id > BTF_MAX_TYPE)
 			return -EINVAL;
 		break;
···
 		return PTR_ERR(prog);
 
 	if (prog->type != BPF_PROG_TYPE_RAW_TRACEPOINT &&
+	    prog->type != BPF_PROG_TYPE_TRACING &&
 	    prog->type != BPF_PROG_TYPE_RAW_TRACEPOINT_WRITABLE) {
 		err = -EINVAL;
 		goto out_put_prog;
 	}
 
-	if (prog->type == BPF_PROG_TYPE_RAW_TRACEPOINT &&
-	    prog->aux->attach_btf_id) {
+	if (prog->type == BPF_PROG_TYPE_TRACING) {
 		if (attr->raw_tracepoint.name) {
 			/* raw_tp name should not be specified in raw_tp
 			 * programs that were verified via in-kernel BTF info

kernel/bpf/verifier.c

···
 	case BPF_PROG_TYPE_CGROUP_SYSCTL:
 	case BPF_PROG_TYPE_CGROUP_SOCKOPT:
 		break;
+	case BPF_PROG_TYPE_RAW_TRACEPOINT:
+		if (!env->prog->aux->attach_btf_id)
+			return 0;
+		range = tnum_const(0);
+		break;
 	default:
 		return 0;
 	}
···
 {
 	struct bpf_prog *prog = env->prog;
 	u32 btf_id = prog->aux->attach_btf_id;
+	const char prefix[] = "btf_trace_";
 	const struct btf_type *t;
 	const char *tname;
 
-	if (prog->type == BPF_PROG_TYPE_RAW_TRACEPOINT && btf_id) {
-		const char prefix[] = "btf_trace_";
+	if (prog->type != BPF_PROG_TYPE_TRACING)
+		return 0;
 
-		t = btf_type_by_id(btf_vmlinux, btf_id);
-		if (!t) {
-			verbose(env, "attach_btf_id %u is invalid\n", btf_id);
-			return -EINVAL;
-		}
+	if (!btf_id) {
+		verbose(env, "Tracing programs must provide btf_id\n");
+		return -EINVAL;
+	}
+	t = btf_type_by_id(btf_vmlinux, btf_id);
+	if (!t) {
+		verbose(env, "attach_btf_id %u is invalid\n", btf_id);
+		return -EINVAL;
+	}
+	tname = btf_name_by_offset(btf_vmlinux, t->name_off);
+	if (!tname) {
+		verbose(env, "attach_btf_id %u doesn't have a name\n", btf_id);
+		return -EINVAL;
+	}
+
+	switch (prog->expected_attach_type) {
+	case BPF_TRACE_RAW_TP:
 		if (!btf_type_is_typedef(t)) {
 			verbose(env, "attach_btf_id %u is not a typedef\n",
 				btf_id);
 			return -EINVAL;
 		}
-		tname = btf_name_by_offset(btf_vmlinux, t->name_off);
-		if (!tname || strncmp(prefix, tname, sizeof(prefix) - 1)) {
+		if (strncmp(prefix, tname, sizeof(prefix) - 1)) {
 			verbose(env, "attach_btf_id %u points to wrong type name %s\n",
 				btf_id, tname);
 			return -EINVAL;
···
 		prog->aux->attach_func_name = tname;
 		prog->aux->attach_func_proto = t;
 		prog->aux->attach_btf_trace = true;
+		return 0;
+	default:
+		return -EINVAL;
 	}
-	return 0;
 }
 
 int bpf_check(struct bpf_prog **prog, union bpf_attr *attr,

kernel/bpf/xskmap.c

···
 #include <linux/slab.h>
 #include <linux/sched.h>
 
-struct xsk_map {
-	struct bpf_map map;
-	struct xdp_sock **xsk_map;
-	struct list_head __percpu *flush_list;
-	spinlock_t lock; /* Synchronize map updates */
-};
-
 int xsk_map_inc(struct xsk_map *map)
 {
 	struct bpf_map *m = &map->map;
···
 
 static struct bpf_map *xsk_map_alloc(union bpf_attr *attr)
 {
+	struct bpf_map_memory mem;
+	int cpu, err, numa_node;
 	struct xsk_map *m;
-	int cpu, err;
-	u64 cost;
+	u64 cost, size;
 
 	if (!capable(CAP_NET_ADMIN))
 		return ERR_PTR(-EPERM);
···
 	    attr->map_flags & ~(BPF_F_NUMA_NODE | BPF_F_RDONLY | BPF_F_WRONLY))
 		return ERR_PTR(-EINVAL);
 
-	m = kzalloc(sizeof(*m), GFP_USER);
-	if (!m)
+	numa_node = bpf_map_attr_numa_node(attr);
+	size = struct_size(m, xsk_map, attr->max_entries);
+	cost = size + array_size(sizeof(*m->flush_list), num_possible_cpus());
+
+	err = bpf_map_charge_init(&mem, cost);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return ERR_PTR(err);
+
+	m = bpf_map_area_alloc(size, numa_node);
+	if (!m) {
+		bpf_map_charge_finish(&mem);
 		return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);
+	}
 
 	bpf_map_init_from_attr(&m->map, attr);
+	bpf_map_charge_move(&m->map.memory, &mem);
 	spin_lock_init(&m->lock);
 
-	cost = (u64)m->map.max_entries * sizeof(struct xdp_sock *);
-	cost += sizeof(struct list_head) * num_possible_cpus();
-
-	/* Notice returns -EPERM on if map size is larger than memlock limit */
-	err = bpf_map_charge_init(&m->map.memory, cost);
-	if (err)
-		goto free_m;
-
-	err = -ENOMEM;
-
 	m->flush_list = alloc_percpu(struct list_head);
-	if (!m->flush_list)
-		goto free_charge;
+	if (!m->flush_list) {
+		bpf_map_charge_finish(&m->map.memory);
+		bpf_map_area_free(m);
+		return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);
+	}
 
 	for_each_possible_cpu(cpu)
 		INIT_LIST_HEAD(per_cpu_ptr(m->flush_list, cpu));
 
-	m->xsk_map = bpf_map_area_alloc(m->map.max_entries *
-					sizeof(struct xdp_sock *),
-					m->map.numa_node);
-	if (!m->xsk_map)
-		goto free_percpu;
 	return &m->map;
-
-free_percpu:
-	free_percpu(m->flush_list);
-free_charge:
-	bpf_map_charge_finish(&m->map.memory);
-free_m:
-	kfree(m);
-	return ERR_PTR(err);
 }
 
 static void xsk_map_free(struct bpf_map *map)
···
 	bpf_clear_redirect_map(map);
 	synchronize_net();
 	free_percpu(m->flush_list);
-	bpf_map_area_free(m->xsk_map);
-	kfree(m);
+	bpf_map_area_free(m);
 }
 
 static int xsk_map_get_next_key(struct bpf_map *map, void *key, void *next_key)
···
 	return 0;
 }
 
-struct xdp_sock *__xsk_map_lookup_elem(struct bpf_map *map, u32 key)
+static u32 xsk_map_gen_lookup(struct bpf_map *map, struct bpf_insn *insn_buf)
 {
-	struct xsk_map *m = container_of(map, struct xsk_map, map);
-	struct xdp_sock *xs;
+	const int ret = BPF_REG_0, mp = BPF_REG_1, index = BPF_REG_2;
+	struct bpf_insn *insn = insn_buf;
 
-	if (key >= map->max_entries)
-		return NULL;
-
-	xs = READ_ONCE(m->xsk_map[key]);
-	return xs;
-}
-
-int __xsk_map_redirect(struct bpf_map *map, struct xdp_buff *xdp,
-		       struct xdp_sock *xs)
-{
-	struct xsk_map *m = container_of(map, struct xsk_map, map);
-	struct list_head *flush_list = this_cpu_ptr(m->flush_list);
-	int err;
-
-	err = xsk_rcv(xs, xdp);
-	if (err)
-		return err;
-
-	if (!xs->flush_node.prev)
-		list_add(&xs->flush_node, flush_list);
-
-	return 0;
-}
-
-void __xsk_map_flush(struct bpf_map *map)
-{
-	struct xsk_map *m = container_of(map, struct xsk_map, map);
-	struct list_head *flush_list = this_cpu_ptr(m->flush_list);
-	struct xdp_sock *xs, *tmp;
-
-	list_for_each_entry_safe(xs, tmp, flush_list, flush_node) {
-		xsk_flush(xs);
-		__list_del_clearprev(&xs->flush_node);
-	}
+	*insn++ = BPF_LDX_MEM(BPF_W, ret, index, 0);
+	*insn++ = BPF_JMP_IMM(BPF_JGE, ret, map->max_entries, 5);
+	*insn++ = BPF_ALU64_IMM(BPF_LSH, ret, ilog2(sizeof(struct xsk_sock *)));
+	*insn++ = BPF_ALU64_IMM(BPF_ADD, mp, offsetof(struct xsk_map, xsk_map));
+	*insn++ = BPF_ALU64_REG(BPF_ADD, ret, mp);
+	*insn++ = BPF_LDX_MEM(BPF_SIZEOF(struct xsk_sock *), ret, ret, 0);
+	*insn++ = BPF_JMP_IMM(BPF_JA, 0, 0, 1);
+	*insn++ = BPF_MOV64_IMM(ret, 0);
+	return insn - insn_buf;
 }
 
 static void *xsk_map_lookup_elem(struct bpf_map *map, void *key)
···
 	.map_free = xsk_map_free,
 	.map_get_next_key = xsk_map_get_next_key,
 	.map_lookup_elem = xsk_map_lookup_elem,
+	.map_gen_lookup = xsk_map_gen_lookup,
 	.map_lookup_elem_sys_only = xsk_map_lookup_elem_sys_only,
 	.map_update_elem = xsk_map_update_elem,
 	.map_delete_elem = xsk_map_delete_elem,

kernel/trace/bpf_trace.c

···
 };
 #endif
 
-BPF_CALL_3(bpf_probe_read, void *, dst, u32, size, const void *, unsafe_ptr)
+BPF_CALL_3(bpf_probe_read_user, void *, dst, u32, size,
+	   const void __user *, unsafe_ptr)
 {
-	int ret;
+	int ret = probe_user_read(dst, unsafe_ptr, size);
 
-	ret = security_locked_down(LOCKDOWN_BPF_READ);
-	if (ret < 0)
-		goto out;
-
-	ret = probe_kernel_read(dst, unsafe_ptr, size);
 	if (unlikely(ret < 0))
-out:
 		memset(dst, 0, size);
 
 	return ret;
 }
 
-static const struct bpf_func_proto bpf_probe_read_proto = {
-	.func		= bpf_probe_read,
+static const struct bpf_func_proto bpf_probe_read_user_proto = {
+	.func		= bpf_probe_read_user,
 	.gpl_only	= true,
 	.ret_type	= RET_INTEGER,
 	.arg1_type	= ARG_PTR_TO_UNINIT_MEM,
···
 	.arg3_type	= ARG_ANYTHING,
 };
 
-BPF_CALL_3(bpf_probe_write_user, void *, unsafe_ptr, const void *, src,
+BPF_CALL_3(bpf_probe_read_user_str, void *, dst, u32, size,
+	   const void __user *, unsafe_ptr)
+{
+	int ret = strncpy_from_unsafe_user(dst, unsafe_ptr, size);
+
+	if (unlikely(ret < 0))
+		memset(dst, 0, size);
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static const struct bpf_func_proto bpf_probe_read_user_str_proto = {
+	.func		= bpf_probe_read_user_str,
+	.gpl_only	= true,
+	.ret_type	= RET_INTEGER,
+	.arg1_type	= ARG_PTR_TO_UNINIT_MEM,
+	.arg2_type	= ARG_CONST_SIZE_OR_ZERO,
+	.arg3_type	= ARG_ANYTHING,
+};
+
+static __always_inline int
+bpf_probe_read_kernel_common(void *dst, u32 size, const void *unsafe_ptr,
+			     const bool compat)
+{
+	int ret = security_locked_down(LOCKDOWN_BPF_READ);
+
+	if (unlikely(ret < 0))
+		goto out;
+	ret = compat ? probe_kernel_read(dst, unsafe_ptr, size) :
+	      probe_kernel_read_strict(dst, unsafe_ptr, size);
+	if (unlikely(ret < 0))
+out:
+		memset(dst, 0, size);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+BPF_CALL_3(bpf_probe_read_kernel, void *, dst, u32, size,
+	   const void *, unsafe_ptr)
+{
+	return bpf_probe_read_kernel_common(dst, size, unsafe_ptr, false);
+}
+
+static const struct bpf_func_proto bpf_probe_read_kernel_proto = {
+	.func		= bpf_probe_read_kernel,
+	.gpl_only	= true,
+	.ret_type	= RET_INTEGER,
+	.arg1_type	= ARG_PTR_TO_UNINIT_MEM,
+	.arg2_type	= ARG_CONST_SIZE_OR_ZERO,
+	.arg3_type	= ARG_ANYTHING,
+};
+
+BPF_CALL_3(bpf_probe_read_compat, void *, dst, u32, size,
+	   const void *, unsafe_ptr)
+{
+	return bpf_probe_read_kernel_common(dst, size, unsafe_ptr, true);
+}
+
+static const struct bpf_func_proto bpf_probe_read_compat_proto = {
+	.func		= bpf_probe_read_compat,
+	.gpl_only	= true,
+	.ret_type	= RET_INTEGER,
+	.arg1_type	= ARG_PTR_TO_UNINIT_MEM,
+	.arg2_type	= ARG_CONST_SIZE_OR_ZERO,
+	.arg3_type	= ARG_ANYTHING,
+};
+
+static __always_inline int
+bpf_probe_read_kernel_str_common(void *dst, u32 size, const void *unsafe_ptr,
+				 const bool compat)
+{
+	int ret = security_locked_down(LOCKDOWN_BPF_READ);
+
+	if (unlikely(ret < 0))
+		goto out;
+	/*
+	 * The strncpy_from_unsafe_*() call will likely not fill the entire
+	 * buffer, but that's okay in this circumstance as we're probing
+	 * arbitrary memory anyway similar to bpf_probe_read_*() and might
+	 * as well probe the stack. Thus, memory is explicitly cleared
+	 * only in error case, so that improper users ignoring return
+	 * code altogether don't copy garbage; otherwise length of string
+	 * is returned that can be used for bpf_perf_event_output() et al.
+	 */
+	ret = compat ? strncpy_from_unsafe(dst, unsafe_ptr, size) :
+	      strncpy_from_unsafe_strict(dst, unsafe_ptr, size);
+	if (unlikely(ret < 0))
+out:
+		memset(dst, 0, size);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+BPF_CALL_3(bpf_probe_read_kernel_str, void *, dst, u32, size,
+	   const void *, unsafe_ptr)
+{
+	return bpf_probe_read_kernel_str_common(dst, size, unsafe_ptr, false);
+}
+
+static const struct bpf_func_proto bpf_probe_read_kernel_str_proto = {
+	.func		= bpf_probe_read_kernel_str,
+	.gpl_only	= true,
+	.ret_type	= RET_INTEGER,
+	.arg1_type	= ARG_PTR_TO_UNINIT_MEM,
+	.arg2_type	= ARG_CONST_SIZE_OR_ZERO,
+	.arg3_type	= ARG_ANYTHING,
+};
+
+BPF_CALL_3(bpf_probe_read_compat_str, void *, dst, u32, size,
+	   const void *, unsafe_ptr)
+{
+	return bpf_probe_read_kernel_str_common(dst, size, unsafe_ptr, true);
+}
+
+static const struct bpf_func_proto bpf_probe_read_compat_str_proto = {
+	.func		= bpf_probe_read_compat_str,
+	.gpl_only	= true,
+	.ret_type	= RET_INTEGER,
+	.arg1_type	= ARG_PTR_TO_UNINIT_MEM,
+	.arg2_type	= ARG_CONST_SIZE_OR_ZERO,
+	.arg3_type	= ARG_ANYTHING,
+};
+
+BPF_CALL_3(bpf_probe_write_user, void __user *, unsafe_ptr, const void *, src,
 	   u32, size)
 {
 	/*
···
 		return -EPERM;
 	if (unlikely(!nmi_uaccess_okay()))
 		return -EPERM;
-	if (!access_ok(unsafe_ptr, size))
-		return -EPERM;
 
-	return probe_kernel_write(unsafe_ptr, src, size);
+	return probe_user_write(unsafe_ptr, src, size);
 }
 
 static const struct bpf_func_proto bpf_probe_write_user_proto = {
···
 	.arg2_type      = ARG_ANYTHING,
 };
 
-BPF_CALL_3(bpf_probe_read_str, void *, dst, u32, size,
-	   const void *, unsafe_ptr)
-{
-	int ret;
-
-	ret = security_locked_down(LOCKDOWN_BPF_READ);
-	if (ret < 0)
-		goto out;
-
-	/*
-	 * The strncpy_from_unsafe() call will likely not fill the entire
-	 * buffer, but that's okay in this circumstance as we're probing
-	 * arbitrary memory anyway similar to bpf_probe_read() and might
-	 * as well probe the stack. Thus, memory is explicitly cleared
-	 * only in error case, so that improper users ignoring return
-	 * code altogether don't copy garbage; otherwise length of string
-	 * is returned that can be used for bpf_perf_event_output() et al.
-	 */
-	ret = strncpy_from_unsafe(dst, unsafe_ptr, size);
-	if (unlikely(ret < 0))
-out:
-		memset(dst, 0, size);
-
-	return ret;
-}
-
-static const struct bpf_func_proto bpf_probe_read_str_proto = {
-	.func		= bpf_probe_read_str,
-	.gpl_only	= true,
-	.ret_type	= RET_INTEGER,
-	.arg1_type	= ARG_PTR_TO_UNINIT_MEM,
-	.arg2_type	= ARG_CONST_SIZE_OR_ZERO,
-	.arg3_type	= ARG_ANYTHING,
-};
-
 struct send_signal_irq_work {
 	struct irq_work irq_work;
 	struct task_struct *task;
···
 		return &bpf_map_pop_elem_proto;
 	case BPF_FUNC_map_peek_elem:
 		return &bpf_map_peek_elem_proto;
-	case BPF_FUNC_probe_read:
-		return &bpf_probe_read_proto;
 	case BPF_FUNC_ktime_get_ns:
 		return &bpf_ktime_get_ns_proto;
 	case BPF_FUNC_tail_call:
···
 		return &bpf_current_task_under_cgroup_proto;
 	case BPF_FUNC_get_prandom_u32:
 		return &bpf_get_prandom_u32_proto;
+	case BPF_FUNC_probe_read_user:
+		return &bpf_probe_read_user_proto;
+	case BPF_FUNC_probe_read_kernel:
+		return &bpf_probe_read_kernel_proto;
+	case BPF_FUNC_probe_read:
+		return &bpf_probe_read_compat_proto;
+	case BPF_FUNC_probe_read_user_str:
+		return &bpf_probe_read_user_str_proto;
+	case BPF_FUNC_probe_read_kernel_str:
+		return &bpf_probe_read_kernel_str_proto;
 	case BPF_FUNC_probe_read_str:
-		return &bpf_probe_read_str_proto;
+		return &bpf_probe_read_compat_str_proto;
 #ifdef CONFIG_CGROUPS
 	case BPF_FUNC_get_current_cgroup_id:
 		return &bpf_get_current_cgroup_id_proto;
···
 	switch (func_id) {
 	case BPF_FUNC_perf_event_output:
 		return &bpf_perf_event_output_proto_raw_tp;
-#ifdef CONFIG_NET
-	case BPF_FUNC_skb_output:
-		return &bpf_skb_output_proto;
-#endif
 	case BPF_FUNC_get_stackid:
 		return &bpf_get_stackid_proto_raw_tp;
 	case BPF_FUNC_get_stack:
···
 	}
 }
 
+static const struct bpf_func_proto *
+tracing_prog_func_proto(enum bpf_func_id func_id, const struct bpf_prog *prog)
+{
+	switch (func_id) {
+#ifdef CONFIG_NET
+	case BPF_FUNC_skb_output:
+		return &bpf_skb_output_proto;
+#endif
+	default:
+		return raw_tp_prog_func_proto(func_id, prog);
+	}
+}
+
 static bool raw_tp_prog_is_valid_access(int off, int size,
 					enum bpf_access_type type,
 					const struct bpf_prog *prog,
 					struct bpf_insn_access_aux *info)
 {
-	/* largest tracepoint in the kernel has 12 args */
-	if (off < 0 || off >= sizeof(__u64) * 12)
+	if (off < 0 || off >= sizeof(__u64) * MAX_BPF_FUNC_ARGS)
 		return false;
 	if (type != BPF_READ)
 		return false;
 	if (off % size != 0)
 		return false;
-	if (!prog->aux->attach_btf_id)
-		return true;
+	return true;
+}
+
+static bool tracing_prog_is_valid_access(int off, int size,
+					 enum bpf_access_type type,
+					 const struct bpf_prog *prog,
+					 struct bpf_insn_access_aux *info)
+{
+	if (off < 0 || off >= sizeof(__u64) * MAX_BPF_FUNC_ARGS)
+		return false;
+	if (type != BPF_READ)
+		return false;
+	if (off % size != 0)
+		return false;
 	return btf_ctx_access(off, size, type, prog, info);
 }
 
···
 };
 
 const struct bpf_prog_ops raw_tracepoint_prog_ops = {
+};
+
+const struct bpf_verifier_ops tracing_verifier_ops = {
+	.get_func_proto  = tracing_prog_func_proto,
+	.is_valid_access = tracing_prog_is_valid_access,
+};
+
+const struct bpf_prog_ops tracing_prog_ops = {
 };
 
 static bool raw_tp_writable_prog_is_valid_access(int off, int size,

lib/test_bpf.c

···
 	return NULL;
 }
 
-static __init int test_skb_segment(void)
+static __init struct sk_buff *build_test_skb_linear_no_head_frag(void)
 {
+	unsigned int alloc_size = 2000;
+	unsigned int headroom = 102, doffset = 72, data_size = 1308;
+	struct sk_buff *skb[2];
+	int i;
+
+	/* skbs linked in a frag_list, both with linear data, with head_frag=0
+	 * (data allocated by kmalloc), both have tcp data of 1308 bytes
+	 * (total payload is 2616 bytes).
+	 * Data offset is 72 bytes (40 ipv6 hdr, 32 tcp hdr). Some headroom.
+	 */
+	for (i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
+		skb[i] = alloc_skb(alloc_size, GFP_KERNEL);
+		if (!skb[i]) {
+			if (i == 0)
+				goto err_skb0;
+			else
+				goto err_skb1;
+		}
+
+		skb[i]->protocol = htons(ETH_P_IPV6);
+		skb_reserve(skb[i], headroom);
+		skb_put(skb[i], doffset + data_size);
+		skb_reset_network_header(skb[i]);
+		if (i == 0)
+			skb_reset_mac_header(skb[i]);
+		else
+			skb_set_mac_header(skb[i], -ETH_HLEN);
+		__skb_pull(skb[i], doffset);
+	}
+
+	/* setup shinfo.
+	 * mimic bpf_skb_proto_4_to_6, which resets gso_segs and assigns a
+	 * reduced gso_size.
+	 */
+	skb_shinfo(skb[0])->gso_size = 1288;
+	skb_shinfo(skb[0])->gso_type = SKB_GSO_TCPV6 | SKB_GSO_DODGY;
+	skb_shinfo(skb[0])->gso_segs = 0;
+	skb_shinfo(skb[0])->frag_list = skb[1];
+
+	/* adjust skb[0]'s len */
+	skb[0]->len += skb[1]->len;
+	skb[0]->data_len += skb[1]->len;
+	skb[0]->truesize += skb[1]->truesize;
+
+	return skb[0];
+
+err_skb1:
+	kfree_skb(skb[0]);
+err_skb0:
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+struct skb_segment_test {
+	const char *descr;
+	struct sk_buff *(*build_skb)(void);
 	netdev_features_t features;
+};
+
+static struct skb_segment_test skb_segment_tests[] __initconst = {
+	{
+		.descr = "gso_with_rx_frags",
+		.build_skb = build_test_skb,
+		.features = NETIF_F_SG | NETIF_F_GSO_PARTIAL | NETIF_F_IP_CSUM |
+			    NETIF_F_IPV6_CSUM | NETIF_F_RXCSUM
+	},
+	{
+		.descr = "gso_linear_no_head_frag",
+		.build_skb = build_test_skb_linear_no_head_frag,
+		.features = NETIF_F_SG | NETIF_F_FRAGLIST |
+			    NETIF_F_HW_VLAN_CTAG_TX | NETIF_F_GSO |
+			    NETIF_F_LLTX_BIT | NETIF_F_GRO |
+			    NETIF_F_IPV6_CSUM | NETIF_F_RXCSUM |
+			    NETIF_F_HW_VLAN_STAG_TX_BIT
+	}
+};
+
+static __init int test_skb_segment_single(const struct skb_segment_test *test)
+{
 	struct sk_buff *skb, *segs;
 	int ret = -1;
 
-	features = NETIF_F_SG | NETIF_F_GSO_PARTIAL | NETIF_F_IP_CSUM |
-		   NETIF_F_IPV6_CSUM;
-	features |= NETIF_F_RXCSUM;
-	skb = build_test_skb();
+	skb = test->build_skb();
 	if (!skb) {
 		pr_info("%s: failed to build_test_skb", __func__);
 		goto done;
 	}
 
-	segs = skb_segment(skb, features);
+	segs = skb_segment(skb, test->features);
 	if (!IS_ERR(segs)) {
 		kfree_skb_list(segs);
 		ret = 0;
-		pr_info("%s: success in skb_segment!", __func__);
-	} else {
-		pr_info("%s: failed in skb_segment!", __func__);
 	}
 	kfree_skb(skb);
 done:
 	return ret;
+}
+
+static __init int test_skb_segment(void)
+{
+	int i, err_cnt = 0, pass_cnt = 0;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(skb_segment_tests); i++) {
+		const struct skb_segment_test *test = &skb_segment_tests[i];
+
+		pr_info("#%d %s ", i, test->descr);
+
+		if (test_skb_segment_single(test)) {
+			pr_cont("FAIL\n");
+			err_cnt++;
+		} else {
+			pr_cont("PASS\n");
+			pass_cnt++;
+		}
+	}
+
+	pr_info("%s: Summary: %d PASSED, %d FAILED\n", __func__,
+		pass_cnt, err_cnt);
+	return err_cnt ? -EINVAL : 0;
 }
 
 static __init int test_bpf(void)

mm/maccess.c

···
 	return ret ? -EFAULT : 0;
 }
 
+static __always_inline long
+probe_write_common(void __user *dst, const void *src, size_t size)
+{
+	long ret;
+
+	pagefault_disable();
+	ret = __copy_to_user_inatomic(dst, src, size);
+	pagefault_enable();
+
+	return ret ? -EFAULT : 0;
+}
+
 /**
  * probe_kernel_read(): safely attempt to read from a kernel-space location
  * @dst: pointer to the buffer that shall take the data
···
  * do_page_fault() doesn't attempt to take mmap_sem.  This makes
  * probe_kernel_read() suitable for use within regions where the caller
  * already holds mmap_sem, or other locks which nest inside mmap_sem.
+ *
+ * probe_kernel_read_strict() is the same as probe_kernel_read() except for
+ * the case where architectures have non-overlapping user and kernel address
+ * ranges: probe_kernel_read_strict() will additionally return -EFAULT for
+ * probing memory on a user address range where probe_user_read() is supposed
+ * to be used instead.
  */
 
 long __weak probe_kernel_read(void *dst, const void *src, size_t size)
+    __attribute__((alias("__probe_kernel_read")));
+
+long __weak probe_kernel_read_strict(void *dst, const void *src, size_t size)
     __attribute__((alias("__probe_kernel_read")));
 
 long __probe_kernel_read(void *dst, const void *src, size_t size)
···
  * Safely write to address @dst from the buffer at @src.  If a kernel fault
  * happens, handle that and return -EFAULT.
  */
+
 long __weak probe_kernel_write(void *dst, const void *src, size_t size)
     __attribute__((alias("__probe_kernel_write")));
 
···
 	mm_segment_t old_fs = get_fs();
 
 	set_fs(KERNEL_DS);
-	pagefault_disable();
-	ret = __copy_to_user_inatomic((__force void __user *)dst, src, size);
-	pagefault_enable();
+	ret = probe_write_common((__force void __user *)dst, src, size);
 	set_fs(old_fs);
 
-	return ret ? -EFAULT : 0;
+	return ret;
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(probe_kernel_write);
 
+/**
+ * probe_user_write(): safely attempt to write to a user-space location
+ * @dst: address to write to
+ * @src: pointer to the data that shall be written
+ * @size: size of the data chunk
+ *
+ * Safely write to address @dst from the buffer at @src.  If a kernel fault
+ * happens, handle that and return -EFAULT.
+ */
+
+long __weak probe_user_write(void __user *dst, const void *src, size_t size)
+    __attribute__((alias("__probe_user_write")));
+
+long __probe_user_write(void __user *dst, const void *src, size_t size)
+{
+	long ret = -EFAULT;
+	mm_segment_t old_fs = get_fs();
+
+	set_fs(USER_DS);
+	if (access_ok(dst, size))
+		ret = probe_write_common(dst, src, size);
+	set_fs(old_fs);
+
+	return ret;
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(probe_user_write);
 
 /**
  * strncpy_from_unsafe: - Copy a NUL terminated string from unsafe address.
···
  *
  * If @count is smaller than the length of the string, copies @count-1 bytes,
  * sets the last byte of @dst buffer to NUL and returns @count.
+ *
+ * strncpy_from_unsafe_strict() is the same as strncpy_from_unsafe() except
+ * for the case where architectures have non-overlapping user and kernel address
+ * ranges: strncpy_from_unsafe_strict() will additionally return -EFAULT for
+ * probing memory on a user address range where strncpy_from_unsafe_user() is
+ * supposed to be used instead.
  */
-long strncpy_from_unsafe(char *dst, const void *unsafe_addr, long count)
+
+long __weak strncpy_from_unsafe(char *dst, const void *unsafe_addr, long count)
+    __attribute__((alias("__strncpy_from_unsafe")));
+
+long __weak strncpy_from_unsafe_strict(char *dst, const void *unsafe_addr,
+				       long count)
+    __attribute__((alias("__strncpy_from_unsafe")));
+
+long __strncpy_from_unsafe(char *dst, const void *unsafe_addr, long count)
 {
 	mm_segment_t old_fs = get_fs();
 	const void *src = unsafe_addr;

net/xdp/xsk.c

···
 	return false;
 }
 
-int xsk_rcv(struct xdp_sock *xs, struct xdp_buff *xdp)
+static int xsk_rcv(struct xdp_sock *xs, struct xdp_buff *xdp)
 {
 	u32 len;
 
···
 		__xsk_rcv_zc(xs, xdp, len) : __xsk_rcv(xs, xdp, len);
 }
 
-void xsk_flush(struct xdp_sock *xs)
+static void xsk_flush(struct xdp_sock *xs)
 {
 	xskq_produce_flush_desc(xs->rx);
 	xs->sk.sk_data_ready(&xs->sk);
···
 out_unlock:
 	spin_unlock_bh(&xs->rx_lock);
 	return err;
+}
+
+int __xsk_map_redirect(struct bpf_map *map, struct xdp_buff *xdp,
+		       struct xdp_sock *xs)
+{
+	struct xsk_map *m = container_of(map, struct xsk_map, map);
+	struct list_head *flush_list = this_cpu_ptr(m->flush_list);
+	int err;
+
+	err = xsk_rcv(xs, xdp);
+	if (err)
+		return err;
+
+	if (!xs->flush_node.prev)
+		list_add(&xs->flush_node, flush_list);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+void __xsk_map_flush(struct bpf_map *map)
+{
+	struct xsk_map *m = container_of(map, struct xsk_map, map);
+	struct list_head *flush_list = this_cpu_ptr(m->flush_list);
+	struct xdp_sock *xs, *tmp;
+
+	list_for_each_entry_safe(xs, tmp, flush_list, flush_node) {
+		xsk_flush(xs);
+		__list_del_clearprev(&xs->flush_node);
+	}
 }
 
 void xsk_umem_complete_tx(struct xdp_umem *umem, u32 nb_entries)

samples/bpf/map_perf_test_kern.c

···
 	if (addrlen != sizeof(*in6))
 		return 0;
 
-	ret = bpf_probe_read(test_params.dst6, sizeof(test_params.dst6),
-			     &in6->sin6_addr);
+	ret = bpf_probe_read_user(test_params.dst6, sizeof(test_params.dst6),
+				  &in6->sin6_addr);
 	if (ret)
 		goto done;
 

samples/bpf/test_map_in_map_kern.c

···
 	if (addrlen != sizeof(*in6))
 		return 0;
 
-	ret = bpf_probe_read(dst6, sizeof(dst6), &in6->sin6_addr);
+	ret = bpf_probe_read_user(dst6, sizeof(dst6), &in6->sin6_addr);
 	if (ret) {
 		inline_ret = ret;
 		goto done;
···
 
 	test_case = dst6[7];
 
-	ret = bpf_probe_read(&port, sizeof(port), &in6->sin6_port);
+	ret = bpf_probe_read_user(&port, sizeof(port), &in6->sin6_port);
 	if (ret) {
 		inline_ret = ret;
 		goto done;

samples/bpf/test_probe_write_user_kern.c

···
 	if (sockaddr_len > sizeof(orig_addr))
 		return 0;
 
-	if (bpf_probe_read(&orig_addr, sizeof(orig_addr), sockaddr_arg) != 0)
+	if (bpf_probe_read_user(&orig_addr, sizeof(orig_addr), sockaddr_arg) != 0)
 		return 0;
 
 	mapped_addr = bpf_map_lookup_elem(&dnat_map, &orig_addr);

tools/include/uapi/linux/bpf.h

···
 	BPF_PROG_TYPE_CGROUP_SYSCTL,
 	BPF_PROG_TYPE_RAW_TRACEPOINT_WRITABLE,
 	BPF_PROG_TYPE_CGROUP_SOCKOPT,
+	BPF_PROG_TYPE_TRACING,
 };
 
 enum bpf_attach_type {
···
 	BPF_CGROUP_UDP6_RECVMSG,
 	BPF_CGROUP_GETSOCKOPT,
 	BPF_CGROUP_SETSOCKOPT,
+	BPF_TRACE_RAW_TP,
 	__MAX_BPF_ATTACH_TYPE
 };
 
···
  * 	Return
  * 		0 on success, or a negative error in case of failure.
  *
- * int bpf_probe_read(void *dst, u32 size, const void *src)
+ * int bpf_probe_read(void *dst, u32 size, const void *unsafe_ptr)
  * 	Description
  * 		For tracing programs, safely attempt to read *size* bytes from
- * 		address *src* and store the data in *dst*.
+ * 		kernel space address *unsafe_ptr* and store the data in *dst*.
+ *
+ * 		Generally, use bpf_probe_read_user() or bpf_probe_read_kernel()
+ * 		instead.
  * 	Return
  * 		0 on success, or a negative error in case of failure.
  *
···
  * 	Return
  * 		0 on success, or a negative error in case of failure.
  *
- * int bpf_probe_read_str(void *dst, int size, const void *unsafe_ptr)
+ * int bpf_probe_read_str(void *dst, u32 size, const void *unsafe_ptr)
  * 	Description
- * 		Copy a NUL terminated string from an unsafe address
- * 		*unsafe_ptr* to *dst*. The *size* should include the
- * 		terminating NUL byte. In case the string length is smaller than
- * 		*size*, the target is not padded with further NUL bytes. If the
- * 		string length is larger than *size*, just *size*-1 bytes are
- * 		copied and the last byte is set to NUL.
+ * 		Copy a NUL terminated string from an unsafe kernel address
+ * 		*unsafe_ptr* to *dst*. See bpf_probe_read_kernel_str() for
+ * 		more details.
  *
- * 		On success, the length of the copied string is returned. This
- * 		makes this helper useful in tracing programs for reading
- * 		strings, and more importantly to get its length at runtime. See
- * 		the following snippet:
- *
- * 		::
- *
- * 			SEC("kprobe/sys_open")
- * 			void bpf_sys_open(struct pt_regs *ctx)
- * 			{
- * 			        char buf[PATHLEN]; // PATHLEN is defined to 256
- * 			        int res = bpf_probe_read_str(buf, sizeof(buf),
- * 				                             ctx->di);
- *
- * 				// Consume buf, for example push it to
- * 				// userspace via bpf_perf_event_output(); we
- * 				// can use res (the string length) as event
- * 				// size, after checking its boundaries.
- * 			}
- *
- * 		In comparison, using **bpf_probe_read()** helper here instead
- * 		to read the string would require to estimate the length at
- * 		compile time, and would often result in copying more memory
- * 		than necessary.
- *
- * 		Another useful use case is when parsing individual process
- * 		arguments or individual environment variables navigating
- * 		*current*\ **->mm->arg_start** and *current*\
- * 		**->mm->env_start**: using this helper and the return value,
- * 		one can quickly iterate at the right offset of the memory area.
+ * 		Generally, use bpf_probe_read_user_str() or bpf_probe_read_kernel_str()
+ * 		instead.
  * 	Return
  * 		On success, the strictly positive length of the string,
  * 		including the trailing NUL character. On error, a negative
···
  * 		restricted to raw_tracepoint bpf programs.
  * 	Return
  * 		0 on success, or a negative error in case of failure.
+ *
+ * int bpf_probe_read_user(void *dst, u32 size, const void *unsafe_ptr)
+ * 	Description
+ * 		Safely attempt to read *size* bytes from user space address
+ * 		*unsafe_ptr* and store the data in *dst*.
+ * 	Return
+ * 		0 on success, or a negative error in case of failure.
+ *
+ * int bpf_probe_read_kernel(void *dst, u32 size, const void *unsafe_ptr)
+ * 	Description
+ * 		Safely attempt to read *size* bytes from kernel space address
+ * 		*unsafe_ptr* and store the data in *dst*.
+ * 	Return
+ * 		0 on success, or a negative error in case of failure.
+ *
+ * int bpf_probe_read_user_str(void *dst, u32 size, const void *unsafe_ptr)
+ * 	Description
+ * 		Copy a NUL terminated string from an unsafe user address
+ * 		*unsafe_ptr* to *dst*. The *size* should include the
+ * 		terminating NUL byte. In case the string length is smaller than
+ * 		*size*, the target is not padded with further NUL bytes. If the
+ * 		string length is larger than *size*, just *size*-1 bytes are
+ * 		copied and the last byte is set to NUL.
+ *
+ * 		On success, the length of the copied string is returned. This
+ * 		makes this helper useful in tracing programs for reading
+ * 		strings, and more importantly to get its length at runtime. See
+ * 		the following snippet:
+ *
+ * 		::
+ *
+ * 			SEC("kprobe/sys_open")
+ * 			void bpf_sys_open(struct pt_regs *ctx)
+ * 			{
+ * 			        char buf[PATHLEN]; // PATHLEN is defined to 256
+ * 			        int res = bpf_probe_read_user_str(buf, sizeof(buf),
+ * 				                                  ctx->di);
+ *
+ * 				// Consume buf, for example push it to
+ * 				// userspace via bpf_perf_event_output(); we
+ * 				// can use res (the string length) as event
+ * 				// size, after checking its boundaries.
+ * 			}
+ *
+ * 		In comparison, using **bpf_probe_read_user()** helper here
+ * 		instead to read the string would require to estimate the length
+ * 		at compile time, and would often result in copying more memory
+ * 		than necessary.
+ *
+ * 		Another useful use case is when parsing individual process
+ * 		arguments or individual environment variables navigating
+ * 		*current*\ **->mm->arg_start** and *current*\
+ * 		**->mm->env_start**: using this helper and the return value,
+ * 		one can quickly iterate at the right offset of the memory area.
+ * 	Return
+ * 		On success, the strictly positive length of the string,
+ * 		including the trailing NUL character. On error, a negative
+ * 		value.
+ *
+ * int bpf_probe_read_kernel_str(void *dst, u32 size, const void *unsafe_ptr)
+ * 	Description
+ * 		Copy a NUL terminated string from an unsafe kernel address *unsafe_ptr*
+ * 		to *dst*. Same semantics as with bpf_probe_read_user_str() apply.
+ * 	Return
+ * 		On success, the strictly positive length of the string,	including
+ * 		the trailing NUL character. On error, a negative value.
  */
 #define __BPF_FUNC_MAPPER(FN)		\
 	FN(unspec),			\
···
 	FN(sk_storage_delete),		\
 	FN(send_signal),		\
 	FN(tcp_gen_syncookie),		\
-	FN(skb_output),
+	FN(skb_output),			\
+	FN(probe_read_user),		\
+	FN(probe_read_kernel),		\
+	FN(probe_read_user_str),	\
+	FN(probe_read_kernel_str),
 
 /* integer value in 'imm' field of BPF_CALL instruction selects which helper
  * function eBPF program intends to call

tools/lib/bpf/bpf.c

···
 	memset(&attr, 0, sizeof(attr));
 	attr.prog_type = load_attr->prog_type;
 	attr.expected_attach_type = load_attr->expected_attach_type;
-	if (attr.prog_type == BPF_PROG_TYPE_RAW_TRACEPOINT)
-		/* expected_attach_type is ignored for tracing progs */
-		attr.attach_btf_id = attr.expected_attach_type;
+	if (attr.prog_type == BPF_PROG_TYPE_TRACING)
+		attr.attach_btf_id = load_attr->attach_btf_id;
+	else
+		attr.prog_ifindex = load_attr->prog_ifindex;
 	attr.insn_cnt = (__u32)load_attr->insns_cnt;
 	attr.insns = ptr_to_u64(load_attr->insns);
 	attr.license = ptr_to_u64(load_attr->license);
···
 	}
 
 	attr.kern_version = load_attr->kern_version;
-	attr.prog_ifindex = load_attr->prog_ifindex;
 	attr.prog_btf_fd = load_attr->prog_btf_fd;
 	attr.func_info_rec_size = load_attr->func_info_rec_size;
 	attr.func_info_cnt = load_attr->func_info_cnt;

tools/lib/bpf/bpf.h

···
 	size_t insns_cnt;
 	const char *license;
 	__u32 kern_version;
-	__u32 prog_ifindex;
+	union {
+		__u32 prog_ifindex;
+		__u32 attach_btf_id;
+	};
 	__u32 prog_btf_fd;
 	__u32 func_info_rec_size;
 	const void *func_info;

tools/lib/bpf/bpf_helpers.h

···
 	unsigned int map_flags;
 };
 
+enum libbpf_pin_type {
+	LIBBPF_PIN_NONE,
+	/* PIN_BY_NAME: pin maps by name (in /sys/fs/bpf by default) */
+	LIBBPF_PIN_BY_NAME,
+};
+
 #endif

tools/lib/bpf/libbpf.c

···
 	bpf_program_clear_priv_t clear_priv;
 
 	enum bpf_attach_type expected_attach_type;
+	__u32 attach_btf_id;
 	void *func_info;
 	__u32 func_info_rec_size;
 	__u32 func_info_cnt;
···
 	void *priv;
 	bpf_map_clear_priv_t clear_priv;
 	enum libbpf_map_type libbpf_type;
+	char *pin_path;
+	bool pinned;
 };
 
 struct bpf_secdata {
···
 	return true;
 }
 
+static int build_map_pin_path(struct bpf_map *map, const char *path)
+{
+	char buf[PATH_MAX];
+	int err, len;
+
+	if (!path)
+		path = "/sys/fs/bpf";
+
+	len = snprintf(buf, PATH_MAX, "%s/%s", path, bpf_map__name(map));
+	if (len < 0)
+		return -EINVAL;
+	else if (len >= PATH_MAX)
+		return -ENAMETOOLONG;
+
+	err = bpf_map__set_pin_path(map, buf);
+	if (err)
+		return err;
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
 static int bpf_object__init_user_btf_map(struct bpf_object *obj,
 					 const struct btf_type *sec,
 					 int var_idx, int sec_idx,
-					 const Elf_Data *data, bool strict)
+					 const Elf_Data *data, bool strict,
+					 const char *pin_root_path)
 {
 	const struct btf_type *var, *def, *t;
 	const struct btf_var_secinfo *vi;
···
 			}
 			map->def.value_size = sz;
 			map->btf_value_type_id = t->type;
+		} else if (strcmp(name, "pinning") == 0) {
+			__u32 val;
+			int err;
+
+			if (!get_map_field_int(map_name, obj->btf, def, m,
+					       &val))
+				return -EINVAL;
+			pr_debug("map '%s': found pinning = %u.\n",
+				 map_name, val);
+
+			if (val != LIBBPF_PIN_NONE &&
+			    val != LIBBPF_PIN_BY_NAME) {
+				pr_warn("map '%s': invalid pinning value %u.\n",
+					map_name, val);
+				return -EINVAL;
+			}
+			if (val == LIBBPF_PIN_BY_NAME) {
+				err = build_map_pin_path(map, pin_root_path);
+				if (err) {
+					pr_warn("map '%s': couldn't build pin path.\n",
+						map_name);
+					return err;
+				}
+			}
 		} else {
 			if (strict) {
 				pr_warn("map '%s': unknown field '%s'.\n",
···
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static int bpf_object__init_user_btf_maps(struct bpf_object *obj, bool strict)
+static int bpf_object__init_user_btf_maps(struct bpf_object *obj, bool strict,
+					  const char *pin_root_path)
 {
 	const struct btf_type *sec = NULL;
 	int nr_types, i, vlen, err;
···
 	for (i = 0; i < vlen; i++) {
 		err = bpf_object__init_user_btf_map(obj, sec, i,
 						    obj->efile.btf_maps_shndx,
-						    data, strict);
+						    data, strict, pin_root_path);
 		if (err)
 			return err;
 	}
···
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static int bpf_object__init_maps(struct bpf_object *obj, bool relaxed_maps)
+static int bpf_object__init_maps(struct bpf_object *obj, bool relaxed_maps,
+				 const char *pin_root_path)
 {
 	bool strict = !relaxed_maps;
 	int err;
···
 	if (err)
 		return err;
 
-	err = bpf_object__init_user_btf_maps(obj, strict);
+	err = bpf_object__init_user_btf_maps(obj, strict, pin_root_path);
 	if (err)
 		return err;
 
···
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static int bpf_object__elf_collect(struct bpf_object *obj, bool relaxed_maps)
+static int bpf_object__elf_collect(struct bpf_object *obj, bool relaxed_maps,
+				   const char *pin_root_path)
 {
 	Elf *elf = obj->efile.elf;
 	GElf_Ehdr *ep = &obj->efile.ehdr;
···
 		}
 	}
 
-	if (!obj->efile.strtabidx || obj->efile.strtabidx >= idx) {
+	if (!obj->efile.strtabidx || obj->efile.strtabidx > idx) {
 		pr_warn("Corrupted ELF file: index of strtab invalid\n");
 		return -LIBBPF_ERRNO__FORMAT;
 	}
 	err = bpf_object__init_btf(obj, btf_data, btf_ext_data);
 	if (!err)
-		err = bpf_object__init_maps(obj, relaxed_maps);
+		err = bpf_object__init_maps(obj, relaxed_maps, pin_root_path);
 	if (!err)
 		err = bpf_object__sanitize_and_load_btf(obj);
 	if (!err)
···
 		return -errno;
 
 	new_fd = open("/", O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC);
-	if (new_fd < 0)
+	if (new_fd < 0) {
+		err = -errno;
 		goto err_free_new_name;
+	}
 
 	new_fd = dup3(fd, new_fd, O_CLOEXEC);
-	if (new_fd < 0)
+	if (new_fd < 0) {
+		err = -errno;
 		goto err_close_new_fd;
+	}
 
 	err = zclose(map->fd);
-	if (err)
+	if (err) {
+		err = -errno;
 		goto err_close_new_fd;
+	}
 	free(map->name);
 
 	map->fd = new_fd;
···
 	close(new_fd);
 err_free_new_name:
 	free(new_name);
-	return -errno;
+	return err;
 }
 
 int bpf_map__resize(struct bpf_map *map, __u32 max_entries)
···
 	return 0;
 }
 
+static bool map_is_reuse_compat(const struct bpf_map *map, int map_fd)
+{
+	struct bpf_map_info map_info = {};
+	char msg[STRERR_BUFSIZE];
+	__u32 map_info_len;
+
+	map_info_len = sizeof(map_info);
+
+	if (bpf_obj_get_info_by_fd(map_fd, &map_info, &map_info_len)) {
+		pr_warn("failed to get map info for map FD %d: %s\n",
+			map_fd, libbpf_strerror_r(errno, msg, sizeof(msg)));
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	return (map_info.type == map->def.type &&
+		map_info.key_size == map->def.key_size &&
+		map_info.value_size == map->def.value_size &&
+		map_info.max_entries == map->def.max_entries &&
+		map_info.map_flags == map->def.map_flags);
+}
+
+static int
+bpf_object__reuse_map(struct bpf_map *map)
+{
+	char *cp, errmsg[STRERR_BUFSIZE];
+	int err, pin_fd;
+
+	pin_fd = bpf_obj_get(map->pin_path);
+	if (pin_fd < 0) {
+		err = -errno;
+		if (err == -ENOENT) {
+			pr_debug("found no pinned map to reuse at '%s'\n",
+				 map->pin_path);
+			return 0;
+		}
+
+		cp = libbpf_strerror_r(-err, errmsg, sizeof(errmsg));
+		pr_warn("couldn't retrieve pinned map '%s': %s\n",
+			map->pin_path, cp);
+		return err;
+	}
+
+	if (!map_is_reuse_compat(map, pin_fd)) {
+		pr_warn("couldn't reuse pinned map at '%s': parameter mismatch\n",
+			map->pin_path);
+		close(pin_fd);
+		return -EINVAL;
+	}
+
+	err = bpf_map__reuse_fd(map, pin_fd);
+	if (err) {
+		close(pin_fd);
+		return err;
+	}
+	map->pinned = true;
+	pr_debug("reused pinned map at '%s'\n", map->pin_path);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
 static int
 bpf_object__populate_internal_map(struct bpf_object *obj, struct bpf_map *map)
 {
···
 		struct bpf_map_def *def = &map->def;
 		char *cp, errmsg[STRERR_BUFSIZE];
 		int *pfd = &map->fd;
+
+		if (map->pin_path) {
+			err = bpf_object__reuse_map(map);
+			if (err) {
+				pr_warn("error reusing pinned map %s\n",
+					map->name);
+				return err;
+			}
+		}
 
 		if (map->fd >= 0) {
 			pr_debug("skip map create (preset) %s: fd=%d\n",
···
 			if (err < 0) {
 				zclose(*pfd);
 				goto err_out;
+			}
+		}
+
+		if (map->pin_path && !map->pinned) {
+			err = bpf_map__pin(map, NULL);
+			if (err) {
+				pr_warn("failed to auto-pin map name '%s' at '%s'\n",
+					map->name, map->pin_path);
+				return err;
 			}
 		}
 
···
 	load_attr.line_info_cnt = prog->line_info_cnt;
 	load_attr.log_level = prog->log_level;
 	load_attr.prog_flags = prog->prog_flags;
+	load_attr.attach_btf_id = prog->attach_btf_id;
 
 retry_load:
 	log_buf = malloc(log_buf_size);
···
 	return 0;
 }
 
+static int libbpf_attach_btf_id_by_name(const char *name, __u32 *btf_id);
+
 static struct bpf_object *
 __bpf_object__open(const char *path, const void *obj_buf, size_t obj_buf_sz,
 		   struct bpf_object_open_opts *opts)
 {
+	const char *pin_root_path;
 	struct bpf_program *prog;
 	struct bpf_object *obj;
 	const char *obj_name;
···
 
 	obj->relaxed_core_relocs = OPTS_GET(opts, relaxed_core_relocs, false);
 	relaxed_maps = OPTS_GET(opts, relaxed_maps, false);
+	pin_root_path = OPTS_GET(opts, pin_root_path, NULL);
 
 	CHECK_ERR(bpf_object__elf_init(obj), err, out);
 	CHECK_ERR(bpf_object__check_endianness(obj), err, out);
 	CHECK_ERR(bpf_object__probe_caps(obj), err, out);
-	CHECK_ERR(bpf_object__elf_collect(obj, relaxed_maps), err, out);
+	CHECK_ERR(bpf_object__elf_collect(obj, relaxed_maps, pin_root_path),
+		  err, out);
 	CHECK_ERR(bpf_object__collect_reloc(obj), err, out);
 	bpf_object__elf_finish(obj);
 
 	bpf_object__for_each_program(prog, obj) {
 		enum bpf_prog_type prog_type;
 		enum bpf_attach_type attach_type;
+		__u32 btf_id;
 
 		err = libbpf_prog_type_by_name(prog->section_name, &prog_type,
 					       &attach_type);
···
 
 		bpf_program__set_type(prog, prog_type);
 		bpf_program__set_expected_attach_type(prog, attach_type);
+		if (prog_type == BPF_PROG_TYPE_TRACING) {
+			err = libbpf_attach_btf_id_by_name(prog->section_name, &btf_id);
+			if (err)
+				goto out;
+			prog->attach_btf_id = btf_id;
+		}
 	}
 
 	return obj;
···
 	return bpf_object__load_xattr(&attr);
 }
 
+static int make_parent_dir(const char *path)
+{
+	char *cp, errmsg[STRERR_BUFSIZE];
+	char *dname, *dir;
+	int err = 0;
+
+	dname = strdup(path);
+	if (dname == NULL)
+		return -ENOMEM;
+
+	dir = dirname(dname);
+	if (mkdir(dir, 0700) && errno != EEXIST)
+		err = -errno;
+
+	free(dname);
+	if (err) {
+		cp = libbpf_strerror_r(-err, errmsg, sizeof(errmsg));
+		pr_warn("failed to mkdir %s: %s\n", path, cp);
+	}
+	return err;
+}
+
 static int check_path(const char *path)
 {
 	char *cp, errmsg[STRERR_BUFSIZE];
···
 {
 	char *cp, errmsg[STRERR_BUFSIZE];
 	int err;
+
+	err = make_parent_dir(path);
+	if (err)
+		return err;
 
 	err = check_path(path);
 	if (err)
···
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static int make_dir(const char *path)
-{
-	char *cp, errmsg[STRERR_BUFSIZE];
-	int err = 0;
-
-	if (mkdir(path, 0700) && errno != EEXIST)
-		err = -errno;
-
-	if (err) {
-		cp = libbpf_strerror_r(-err, errmsg, sizeof(errmsg));
-		pr_warn("failed to mkdir %s: %s\n", path, cp);
-	}
-	return err;
-}
-
 int bpf_program__pin(struct bpf_program *prog, const char *path)
 {
 	int i, err;
+
+	err = make_parent_dir(path);
+	if (err)
+		return err;
 
 	err = check_path(path);
 	if (err)
···
 		/* don't create subdirs when pinning single instance */
 		return bpf_program__pin_instance(prog, path, 0);
 	}
-
-	err = make_dir(path);
-	if (err)
-		return err;
 
 	for (i = 0; i < prog->instances.nr; i++) {
 		char buf[PATH_MAX];
···
 	char *cp, errmsg[STRERR_BUFSIZE];
 	int err;
 
-	err = check_path(path);
-	if (err)
-		return err;
-
 	if (map == NULL) {
 		pr_warn("invalid map pointer\n");
 		return -EINVAL;
 	}
 
-	if (bpf_obj_pin(map->fd, path)) {
-		cp = libbpf_strerror_r(errno, errmsg, sizeof(errmsg));
-		pr_warn("failed to pin map: %s\n", cp);
-		return -errno;
+	if (map->pin_path) {
+		if (path && strcmp(path, map->pin_path)) {
+			pr_warn("map '%s' already has pin path '%s' different from '%s'\n",
+				bpf_map__name(map), map->pin_path, path);
+			return -EINVAL;
+		} else if (map->pinned) {
+			pr_debug("map '%s' already pinned at '%s'; not re-pinning\n",
+				 bpf_map__name(map), map->pin_path);
+			return 0;
+		}
+	} else {
+		if (!path) {
+			pr_warn("missing a path to pin map '%s' at\n",
+				bpf_map__name(map));
+			return -EINVAL;
+		} else if (map->pinned) {
+			pr_warn("map '%s' already pinned\n", bpf_map__name(map));
+			return -EEXIST;
+		}
+
+		map->pin_path = strdup(path);
+		if (!map->pin_path) {
+			err = -errno;
+			goto out_err;
+		}
 	}
 
-	pr_debug("pinned map '%s'\n", path);
+	err = make_parent_dir(map->pin_path);
+	if (err)
+		return err;
+
+	err = check_path(map->pin_path);
+	if (err)
+		return err;
+
+	if (bpf_obj_pin(map->fd, map->pin_path)) {
+		err = -errno;
+		goto out_err;
+	}
+
+	map->pinned = true;
+	pr_debug("pinned map '%s'\n", map->pin_path);
 
 	return 0;
+
+out_err:
+	cp = libbpf_strerror_r(-err, errmsg, sizeof(errmsg));
+	pr_warn("failed to pin map: %s\n", cp);
+	return err;
 }
 
 int bpf_map__unpin(struct bpf_map *map, const char *path)
 {
 	int err;
 
-	err = check_path(path);
-	if (err)
-		return err;
-
 	if (map == NULL) {
 		pr_warn("invalid map pointer\n");
 		return -EINVAL;
 	}
 
+	if (map->pin_path) {
+		if (path && strcmp(path, map->pin_path)) {
+			pr_warn("map '%s' already has pin path '%s' different from '%s'\n",
+				bpf_map__name(map), map->pin_path, path);
+			return -EINVAL;
+		}
+		path = map->pin_path;
+	} else if (!path) {
+		pr_warn("no path to unpin map '%s' from\n",
+			bpf_map__name(map));
+		return -EINVAL;
+	}
+
+	err = check_path(path);
+	if (err)
+		return err;
+
 	err = unlink(path);
 	if (err != 0)
 		return -errno;
-	pr_debug("unpinned map '%s'\n", path);
+
+	map->pinned = false;
+	pr_debug("unpinned map '%s' from '%s'\n", bpf_map__name(map), path);
 
 	return 0;
+}
+
+int bpf_map__set_pin_path(struct bpf_map *map, const char *path)
+{
+	char *new = NULL;
+
+	if (path) {
+		new = strdup(path);
+		if (!new)
+			return -errno;
+	}
+
+	free(map->pin_path);
+	map->pin_path = new;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+const char *bpf_map__get_pin_path(const struct bpf_map *map)
+{
+	return map->pin_path;
+}
+
+bool bpf_map__is_pinned(const struct bpf_map *map)
+{
+	return map->pinned;
 }
 
 int bpf_object__pin_maps(struct bpf_object *obj, const char *path)
···
 		return -ENOENT;
 	}
 
-	err = make_dir(path);
-	if (err)
-		return err;
-
 	bpf_object__for_each_map(map, obj) {
+		char *pin_path = NULL;
 		char buf[PATH_MAX];
-		int len;
 
-		len = snprintf(buf, PATH_MAX, "%s/%s", path,
-			       bpf_map__name(map));
-		if (len < 0) {
-			err = -EINVAL;
-			goto err_unpin_maps;
-		} else if (len >= PATH_MAX) {
-			err = -ENAMETOOLONG;
-			goto err_unpin_maps;
+		if (path) {
+			int len;
+
+			len = snprintf(buf, PATH_MAX, "%s/%s", path,
+				       bpf_map__name(map));
+			if (len < 0) {
+				err = -EINVAL;
+				goto err_unpin_maps;
+			} else if (len >= PATH_MAX) {
+				err = -ENAMETOOLONG;
+				goto err_unpin_maps;
+			}
+			pin_path = buf;
+		} else if (!map->pin_path) {
+			continue;
 		}
 
-		err = bpf_map__pin(map, buf);
+		err = bpf_map__pin(map, pin_path);
 		if (err)
 			goto err_unpin_maps;
 	}
···
 
 err_unpin_maps:
 	while ((map = bpf_map__prev(map, obj))) {
-		char buf[PATH_MAX];
-		int len;
-
-		len = snprintf(buf, PATH_MAX, "%s/%s", path,
-			       bpf_map__name(map));
-		if (len < 0)
-			continue;
-		else if (len >= PATH_MAX)
+		if (!map->pin_path)
 			continue;
 
-		bpf_map__unpin(map, buf);
+		bpf_map__unpin(map, NULL);
 	}
 
 	return err;
···
 		return -ENOENT;
 
 	bpf_object__for_each_map(map, obj) {
+		char *pin_path = NULL;
 		char buf[PATH_MAX];
-		int len;
 
-		len = snprintf(buf, PATH_MAX, "%s/%s", path,
-			       bpf_map__name(map));
-		if (len < 0)
-			return -EINVAL;
-		else if (len >= PATH_MAX)
-			return -ENAMETOOLONG;
+		if (path) {
+			int len;
 
-		err = bpf_map__unpin(map, buf);
+			len = snprintf(buf, PATH_MAX, "%s/%s", path,
+				       bpf_map__name(map));
+			if (len < 0)
+				return -EINVAL;
+			else if (len >= PATH_MAX)
+				return -ENAMETOOLONG;
+			pin_path = buf;
+		} else if (!map->pin_path) {
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		err = bpf_map__unpin(map, pin_path);
 		if (err)
 			return err;
 	}
···
 		pr_warn("object not yet loaded; load it first\n");
 		return -ENOENT;
 	}
-
-	err = make_dir(path);
-	if (err)
-		return err;
 
 	bpf_object__for_each_program(prog, obj) {
 		char buf[PATH_MAX];
···
 
 	for (i = 0; i < obj->nr_maps; i++) {
 		zfree(&obj->maps[i].name);
+		zfree(&obj->maps[i].pin_path);
 		if (obj->maps[i].clear_priv)
 			obj->maps[i].clear_priv(&obj->maps[i],
 						obj->maps[i].priv);
···
 BPF_PROG_TYPE_FNS(raw_tracepoint, BPF_PROG_TYPE_RAW_TRACEPOINT);
 BPF_PROG_TYPE_FNS(xdp, BPF_PROG_TYPE_XDP);
 BPF_PROG_TYPE_FNS(perf_event, BPF_PROG_TYPE_PERF_EVENT);
+BPF_PROG_TYPE_FNS(tracing, BPF_PROG_TYPE_TRACING);
 
 enum bpf_attach_type
 bpf_program__get_expected_attach_type(struct bpf_program *prog)
···
 	BPF_PROG_SEC_IMPL(string, ptype, eatype, 1, 0, eatype)
 
 /* Programs that use BTF to identify attach point */
-#define BPF_PROG_BTF(string, ptype) BPF_PROG_SEC_IMPL(string, ptype, 0, 0, 1, 0)
+#define BPF_PROG_BTF(string, ptype, eatype) \
+	BPF_PROG_SEC_IMPL(string, ptype, eatype, 0, 1, 0)
 
 /* Programs that can be attached but attach type can't be identified by section
  * name. Kept for backward compatibility.
···
 	BPF_PROG_SEC("tp/",			BPF_PROG_TYPE_TRACEPOINT),
 	BPF_PROG_SEC("raw_tracepoint/",		BPF_PROG_TYPE_RAW_TRACEPOINT),
 	BPF_PROG_SEC("raw_tp/",			BPF_PROG_TYPE_RAW_TRACEPOINT),
-	BPF_PROG_BTF("tp_btf/",			BPF_PROG_TYPE_RAW_TRACEPOINT),
+	BPF_PROG_BTF("tp_btf/",			BPF_PROG_TYPE_TRACING,
+						BPF_TRACE_RAW_TP),
 	BPF_PROG_SEC("xdp",			BPF_PROG_TYPE_XDP),
 	BPF_PROG_SEC("perf_event",		BPF_PROG_TYPE_PERF_EVENT),
 	BPF_PROG_SEC("lwt_in",			BPF_PROG_TYPE_LWT_IN),
···
 			continue;
 		*prog_type = section_names[i].prog_type;
 		*expected_attach_type = section_names[i].expected_attach_type;
-		if (section_names[i].is_attach_btf) {
-			struct btf *btf = bpf_core_find_kernel_btf();
-			char raw_tp_btf_name[128] = "btf_trace_";
-			char *dst = raw_tp_btf_name + sizeof("btf_trace_") - 1;
-			int ret;
-
-			if (IS_ERR(btf)) {
-				pr_warn("vmlinux BTF is not found\n");
-				return -EINVAL;
-			}
-			/* prepend "btf_trace_" prefix per kernel convention */
-			strncat(dst, name + section_names[i].len,
-				sizeof(raw_tp_btf_name) - sizeof("btf_trace_"));
-			ret = btf__find_by_name(btf, raw_tp_btf_name);
-			btf__free(btf);
-			if (ret <= 0) {
-				pr_warn("%s is not found in vmlinux BTF\n", dst);
-				return -EINVAL;
-			}
-			*expected_attach_type = ret;
-		}
 		return 0;
 	}
 	pr_warn("failed to guess program type based on ELF section name '%s'\n", name);
···
 	}
 
 	return -ESRCH;
+}
+
+#define BTF_PREFIX "btf_trace_"
+static int libbpf_attach_btf_id_by_name(const char *name, __u32 *btf_id)
+{
+	struct btf *btf = bpf_core_find_kernel_btf();
+	char raw_tp_btf_name[128] = BTF_PREFIX;
+	char *dst = raw_tp_btf_name + sizeof(BTF_PREFIX) - 1;
+	int ret, i, err = -EINVAL;
+
+	if (IS_ERR(btf)) {
+		pr_warn("vmlinux BTF is not found\n");
+		return -EINVAL;
+	}
+
+	if (!name)
+		goto out;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(section_names); i++) {
+		if (!section_names[i].is_attach_btf)
+			continue;
+		if (strncmp(name, section_names[i].sec, section_names[i].len))
+			continue;
+		/* prepend "btf_trace_" prefix per kernel convention */
+		strncat(dst, name + section_names[i].len,
+			sizeof(raw_tp_btf_name) - sizeof(BTF_PREFIX));
+		ret = btf__find_by_name(btf, raw_tp_btf_name);
+		if (ret <= 0) {
+			pr_warn("%s is not found in vmlinux BTF\n", dst);
+			goto out;
+		}
+		*btf_id = ret;
+		err = 0;
+		goto out;
+	}
+	pr_warn("failed to identify btf_id based on ELF section name '%s'\n", name);
+	err = -ESRCH;
+out:
+	btf__free(btf);
+	return err;
 }
 
 int libbpf_attach_type_by_name(const char *name,

tools/lib/bpf/libbpf.h

···
 	bool relaxed_maps;
 	/* process CO-RE relocations non-strictly, allowing them to fail */
 	bool relaxed_core_relocs;
+	/* maps that set the 'pinning' attribute in their definition will have
+	 * their pin_path attribute set to a file in this directory, and be
+	 * auto-pinned to that path on load; defaults to "/sys/fs/bpf".
+	 */
+	const char *pin_root_path;
 };
-#define bpf_object_open_opts__last_field relaxed_core_relocs
+#define bpf_object_open_opts__last_field pin_root_path
 
 LIBBPF_API struct bpf_object *bpf_object__open(const char *path);
 LIBBPF_API struct bpf_object *
···
 			     __u32 *size);
 int bpf_object__variable_offset(const struct bpf_object *obj, const char *name,
 				__u32 *off);
+
+enum libbpf_pin_type {
+	LIBBPF_PIN_NONE,
+	/* PIN_BY_NAME: pin maps by name (in /sys/fs/bpf by default) */
+	LIBBPF_PIN_BY_NAME,
+};
+
+/* pin_maps and unpin_maps can both be called with a NULL path, in which case
+ * they will use the pin_path attribute of each map (and ignore all maps that
+ * don't have a pin_path set).
+ */
 LIBBPF_API int bpf_object__pin_maps(struct bpf_object *obj, const char *path);
 LIBBPF_API int bpf_object__unpin_maps(struct bpf_object *obj,
 				      const char *path);
···
 LIBBPF_API int bpf_program__set_sched_act(struct bpf_program *prog);
 LIBBPF_API int bpf_program__set_xdp(struct bpf_program *prog);
 LIBBPF_API int bpf_program__set_perf_event(struct bpf_program *prog);
+LIBBPF_API int bpf_program__set_tracing(struct bpf_program *prog);
 
 LIBBPF_API enum bpf_prog_type bpf_program__get_type(struct bpf_program *prog);
 LIBBPF_API void bpf_program__set_type(struct bpf_program *prog,
···
 LIBBPF_API bool bpf_program__is_sched_act(const struct bpf_program *prog);
 LIBBPF_API bool bpf_program__is_xdp(const struct bpf_program *prog);
 LIBBPF_API bool bpf_program__is_perf_event(const struct bpf_program *prog);
+LIBBPF_API bool bpf_program__is_tracing(const struct bpf_program *prog);
 
 /*
  * No need for __attribute__((packed)), all members of 'bpf_map_def'
···
 LIBBPF_API bool bpf_map__is_offload_neutral(const struct bpf_map *map);
 LIBBPF_API bool bpf_map__is_internal(const struct bpf_map *map);
 LIBBPF_API void bpf_map__set_ifindex(struct bpf_map *map, __u32 ifindex);
+LIBBPF_API int bpf_map__set_pin_path(struct bpf_map *map, const char *path);
+LIBBPF_API const char *bpf_map__get_pin_path(const struct bpf_map *map);
+LIBBPF_API bool bpf_map__is_pinned(const struct bpf_map *map);
 LIBBPF_API int bpf_map__pin(struct bpf_map *map, const char *path);
 LIBBPF_API int bpf_map__unpin(struct bpf_map *map, const char *path);
 

tools/lib/bpf/libbpf.map

···
 
 LIBBPF_0.0.6 {
 	global:
+		bpf_map__get_pin_path;
+		bpf_map__is_pinned;
+		bpf_map__set_pin_path;
 		bpf_object__open_file;
 		bpf_object__open_mem;
 		bpf_program__get_expected_attach_type;
 		bpf_program__get_type;
+		bpf_program__is_tracing;
+		bpf_program__set_tracing;
 } LIBBPF_0.0.5;

tools/lib/bpf/libbpf_probes.c

···
 	case BPF_PROG_TYPE_FLOW_DISSECTOR:
 	case BPF_PROG_TYPE_CGROUP_SYSCTL:
 	case BPF_PROG_TYPE_CGROUP_SOCKOPT:
+	case BPF_PROG_TYPE_TRACING:
 	default:
 		break;
 	}

tools/lib/bpf/xsk.c

···
 	int fd;
 };
 
+/* Up until and including Linux 5.3 */
+struct xdp_ring_offset_v1 {
+	__u64 producer;
+	__u64 consumer;
+	__u64 desc;
+};
+
+/* Up until and including Linux 5.3 */
+struct xdp_mmap_offsets_v1 {
+	struct xdp_ring_offset_v1 rx;
+	struct xdp_ring_offset_v1 tx;
+	struct xdp_ring_offset_v1 fr;
+	struct xdp_ring_offset_v1 cr;
+};
+
 int xsk_umem__fd(const struct xsk_umem *umem)
 {
 	return umem ? umem->fd : -EINVAL;
···
 	return 0;
 }
 
+static void xsk_mmap_offsets_v1(struct xdp_mmap_offsets *off)
+{
+	struct xdp_mmap_offsets_v1 off_v1;
+
+	/* getsockopt on a kernel <= 5.3 has no flags fields.
+	 * Copy over the offsets to the correct places in the >=5.4 format
+	 * and put the flags where they would have been on that kernel.
+	 */
+	memcpy(&off_v1, off, sizeof(off_v1));
+
+	off->rx.producer = off_v1.rx.producer;
+	off->rx.consumer = off_v1.rx.consumer;
+	off->rx.desc = off_v1.rx.desc;
+	off->rx.flags = off_v1.rx.consumer + sizeof(__u32);
+
+	off->tx.producer = off_v1.tx.producer;
+	off->tx.consumer = off_v1.tx.consumer;
+	off->tx.desc = off_v1.tx.desc;
+	off->tx.flags = off_v1.tx.consumer + sizeof(__u32);
+
+	off->fr.producer = off_v1.fr.producer;
+	off->fr.consumer = off_v1.fr.consumer;
+	off->fr.desc = off_v1.fr.desc;
+	off->fr.flags = off_v1.fr.consumer + sizeof(__u32);
+
+	off->cr.producer = off_v1.cr.producer;
+	off->cr.consumer = off_v1.cr.consumer;
+	off->cr.desc = off_v1.cr.desc;
+	off->cr.flags = off_v1.cr.consumer + sizeof(__u32);
+}
+
+static int xsk_get_mmap_offsets(int fd, struct xdp_mmap_offsets *off)
+{
+	socklen_t optlen;
+	int err;
+
+	optlen = sizeof(*off);
+	err = getsockopt(fd, SOL_XDP, XDP_MMAP_OFFSETS, off, &optlen);
+	if (err)
+		return err;
+
+	if (optlen == sizeof(*off))
+		return 0;
+
+	if (optlen == sizeof(struct xdp_mmap_offsets_v1)) {
+		xsk_mmap_offsets_v1(off);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	return -EINVAL;
+}
+
 int xsk_umem__create_v0_0_4(struct xsk_umem **umem_ptr, void *umem_area,
 			    __u64 size, struct xsk_ring_prod *fill,
 			    struct xsk_ring_cons *comp,
···
 	struct xdp_mmap_offsets off;
 	struct xdp_umem_reg mr;
 	struct xsk_umem *umem;
-	socklen_t optlen;
 	void *map;
 	int err;
 
···
 		goto out_socket;
 	}
 
-	optlen = sizeof(off);
-	err = getsockopt(umem->fd, SOL_XDP, XDP_MMAP_OFFSETS, &off, &optlen);
+	err = xsk_get_mmap_offsets(umem->fd, &off);
 	if (err) {
 		err = -errno;
 		goto out_socket;
···
 	struct sockaddr_xdp sxdp = {};
 	struct xdp_mmap_offsets off;
 	struct xsk_socket *xsk;
-	socklen_t optlen;
 	int err;
 
 	if (!umem || !xsk_ptr || !rx || !tx)
···
 		}
 	}
 
-	optlen = sizeof(off);
-	err = getsockopt(xsk->fd, SOL_XDP, XDP_MMAP_OFFSETS, &off, &optlen);
+	err = xsk_get_mmap_offsets(xsk->fd, &off);
 	if (err) {
 		err = -errno;
 		goto out_socket;
···
 int xsk_umem__delete(struct xsk_umem *umem)
 {
 	struct xdp_mmap_offsets off;
-	socklen_t optlen;
 	int err;
 
 	if (!umem)
···
 	if (umem->refcount)
 		return -EBUSY;
 
-	optlen = sizeof(off);
-	err = getsockopt(umem->fd, SOL_XDP, XDP_MMAP_OFFSETS, &off, &optlen);
+	err = xsk_get_mmap_offsets(umem->fd, &off);
 	if (!err) {
 		munmap(umem->fill->ring - off.fr.desc,
 		       off.fr.desc + umem->config.fill_size * sizeof(__u64));
···
 {
 	size_t desc_sz = sizeof(struct xdp_desc);
 	struct xdp_mmap_offsets off;
-	socklen_t optlen;
 	int err;
 
 	if (!xsk)
···
 		close(xsk->prog_fd);
 	}
 
-	optlen = sizeof(off);
-	err = getsockopt(xsk->fd, SOL_XDP, XDP_MMAP_OFFSETS, &off, &optlen);
+	err = xsk_get_mmap_offsets(xsk->fd, &off);
 	if (!err) {
 		if (xsk->rx) {
 			munmap(xsk->rx->ring - off.rx.desc,

tools/testing/selftests/bpf/Makefile

···
 $(OUTPUT)/urandom_read: urandom_read.c
 	$(CC) -o $@ $< -Wl,--build-id
 
+$(OUTPUT)/test_stub.o: test_stub.c
+	$(CC) -c $(CFLAGS) -o $@ $<
+
 BPFOBJ := $(OUTPUT)/libbpf.a
 
 $(TEST_GEN_PROGS) $(TEST_GEN_PROGS_EXTENDED): $(OUTPUT)/test_stub.o $(BPFOBJ)
···
 	| sed -n '/<...> search starts here:/,/End of search list./{ s| \(/.*\)|-idirafter \1|p }')
 endef
 
+# Determine target endianness.
+IS_LITTLE_ENDIAN = $(shell $(CC) -dM -E - </dev/null | \
+			grep 'define __BYTE_ORDER__ __ORDER_LITTLE_ENDIAN__')
+MENDIAN=$(if $(IS_LITTLE_ENDIAN),-mlittle-endian,-mbig-endian)
+
 CLANG_SYS_INCLUDES = $(call get_sys_includes,$(CLANG))
-BPF_CFLAGS = -g -D__TARGET_ARCH_$(SRCARCH) 				\
+BPF_CFLAGS = -g -D__TARGET_ARCH_$(SRCARCH) $(MENDIAN) 			\
 	     -I. -I./include/uapi -I$(APIDIR)				\
 	     -I$(BPFDIR) -I$(abspath $(OUTPUT)/../usr/include)
 
···
 
 # Define test_progs BPF-GCC-flavored test runner.
 ifneq ($(BPF_GCC),)
-IS_LITTLE_ENDIAN = $(shell $(CC) -dM -E - </dev/null | \
-			grep 'define __BYTE_ORDER__ __ORDER_LITTLE_ENDIAN__')
-MENDIAN=$(if $(IS_LITTLE_ENDIAN),-mlittle-endian,-mbig-endian)
-
 TRUNNER_BPF_BUILD_RULE := GCC_BPF_BUILD_RULE
-TRUNNER_BPF_CFLAGS := $(BPF_CFLAGS) $(call get_sys_includes,gcc) $(MENDIAN)
+TRUNNER_BPF_CFLAGS := $(BPF_CFLAGS) $(call get_sys_includes,gcc)
 TRUNNER_BPF_LDFLAGS :=
 $(eval $(call DEFINE_TEST_RUNNER,test_progs,bpf_gcc))
 endif

tools/testing/selftests/bpf/prog_tests/pinning.c

···
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <test_progs.h>
+
+__u32 get_map_id(struct bpf_object *obj, const char *name)
+{
+	struct bpf_map_info map_info = {};
+	__u32 map_info_len, duration = 0;
+	struct bpf_map *map;
+	int err;
+
+	map_info_len = sizeof(map_info);
+
+	map = bpf_object__find_map_by_name(obj, name);
+	if (CHECK(!map, "find map", "NULL map"))
+		return 0;
+
+	err = bpf_obj_get_info_by_fd(bpf_map__fd(map),
+				     &map_info, &map_info_len);
+	CHECK(err, "get map info", "err %d errno %d", err, errno);
+	return map_info.id;
+}
+
+void test_pinning(void)
+{
+	const char *file_invalid = "./test_pinning_invalid.o";
+	const char *custpinpath = "/sys/fs/bpf/custom/pinmap";
+	const char *nopinpath = "/sys/fs/bpf/nopinmap";
+	const char *nopinpath2 = "/sys/fs/bpf/nopinmap2";
+	const char *custpath = "/sys/fs/bpf/custom";
+	const char *pinpath = "/sys/fs/bpf/pinmap";
+	const char *file = "./test_pinning.o";
+	__u32 map_id, map_id2, duration = 0;
+	struct stat statbuf = {};
+	struct bpf_object *obj;
+	struct bpf_map *map;
+	int err;
+	DECLARE_LIBBPF_OPTS(bpf_object_open_opts, opts,
+		.pin_root_path = custpath,
+	);
+
+	/* check that opening fails with invalid pinning value in map def */
+	obj = bpf_object__open_file(file_invalid, NULL);
+	err = libbpf_get_error(obj);
+	if (CHECK(err != -EINVAL, "invalid open", "err %d errno %d\n", err, errno)) {
+		obj = NULL;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	/* open the valid object file  */
+	obj = bpf_object__open_file(file, NULL);
+	err = libbpf_get_error(obj);
+	if (CHECK(err, "default open", "err %d errno %d\n", err, errno)) {
+		obj = NULL;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	err = bpf_object__load(obj);
+	if (CHECK(err, "default load", "err %d errno %d\n", err, errno))
+		goto out;
+
+	/* check that pinmap was pinned */
+	err = stat(pinpath, &statbuf);
+	if (CHECK(err, "stat pinpath", "err %d errno %d\n", err, errno))
+		goto out;
+
+	/* check that nopinmap was *not* pinned */
+	err = stat(nopinpath, &statbuf);
+	if (CHECK(!err || errno != ENOENT, "stat nopinpath",
+		  "err %d errno %d\n", err, errno))
+		goto out;
+
+	/* check that nopinmap2 was *not* pinned */
+	err = stat(nopinpath2, &statbuf);
+	if (CHECK(!err || errno != ENOENT, "stat nopinpath2",
+		  "err %d errno %d\n", err, errno))
+		goto out;
+
+	map_id = get_map_id(obj, "pinmap");
+	if (!map_id)
+		goto out;
+
+	bpf_object__close(obj);
+
+	obj = bpf_object__open_file(file, NULL);
+	if (CHECK_FAIL(libbpf_get_error(obj))) {
+		obj = NULL;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	err = bpf_object__load(obj);
+	if (CHECK(err, "default load", "err %d errno %d\n", err, errno))
+		goto out;
+
+	/* check that same map ID was reused for second load */
+	map_id2 = get_map_id(obj, "pinmap");
+	if (CHECK(map_id != map_id2, "check reuse",
+		  "err %d errno %d id %d id2 %d\n", err, errno, map_id, map_id2))
+		goto out;
+
+	/* should be no-op to re-pin same map */
+	map = bpf_object__find_map_by_name(obj, "pinmap");
+	if (CHECK(!map, "find map", "NULL map"))
+		goto out;
+
+	err = bpf_map__pin(map, NULL);
+	if (CHECK(err, "re-pin map", "err %d errno %d\n", err, errno))
+		goto out;
+
+	/* but error to pin at different location */
+	err = bpf_map__pin(map, "/sys/fs/bpf/other");
+	if (CHECK(!err, "pin map different", "err %d errno %d\n", err, errno))
+		goto out;
+
+	/* unpin maps with a pin_path set */
+	err = bpf_object__unpin_maps(obj, NULL);
+	if (CHECK(err, "unpin maps", "err %d errno %d\n", err, errno))
+		goto out;
+
+	/* and re-pin them... */
+	err = bpf_object__pin_maps(obj, NULL);
+	if (CHECK(err, "pin maps", "err %d errno %d\n", err, errno))
+		goto out;
+
+	/* set pinning path of other map and re-pin all */
+	map = bpf_object__find_map_by_name(obj, "nopinmap");
+	if (CHECK(!map, "find map", "NULL map"))
+		goto out;
+
+	err = bpf_map__set_pin_path(map, custpinpath);
+	if (CHECK(err, "set pin path", "err %d errno %d\n", err, errno))
+		goto out;
+
+	/* should only pin the one unpinned map */
+	err = bpf_object__pin_maps(obj, NULL);
+	if (CHECK(err, "pin maps", "err %d errno %d\n", err, errno))
+		goto out;
+
+	/* check that nopinmap was pinned at the custom path */
+	err = stat(custpinpath, &statbuf);
+	if (CHECK(err, "stat custpinpath", "err %d errno %d\n", err, errno))
+		goto out;
+
+	/* remove the custom pin path to re-test it with auto-pinning below */
+	err = unlink(custpinpath);
+	if (CHECK(err, "unlink custpinpath", "err %d errno %d\n", err, errno))
+		goto out;
+
+	err = rmdir(custpath);
+	if (CHECK(err, "rmdir custpindir", "err %d errno %d\n", err, errno))
+		goto out;
+
+	bpf_object__close(obj);
+
+	/* open the valid object file again */
+	obj = bpf_object__open_file(file, NULL);
+	err = libbpf_get_error(obj);
+	if (CHECK(err, "default open", "err %d errno %d\n", err, errno)) {
+		obj = NULL;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	/* swap pin paths of the two maps */
+	bpf_object__for_each_map(map, obj) {
+		if (!strcmp(bpf_map__name(map), "nopinmap"))
+			err = bpf_map__set_pin_path(map, pinpath);
+		else if (!strcmp(bpf_map__name(map), "pinmap"))
+			err = bpf_map__set_pin_path(map, NULL);
+		else
+			continue;
+
+		if (CHECK(err, "set pin path", "err %d errno %d\n", err, errno))
+			goto out;
+	}
+
+	/* should fail because of map parameter mismatch */
+	err = bpf_object__load(obj);
+	if (CHECK(err != -EINVAL, "param mismatch load", "err %d errno %d\n", err, errno))
+		goto out;
+
+	bpf_object__close(obj);
+
+	/* test auto-pinning at custom path with open opt */
+	obj = bpf_object__open_file(file, &opts);
+	if (CHECK_FAIL(libbpf_get_error(obj))) {
+		obj = NULL;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	err = bpf_object__load(obj);
+	if (CHECK(err, "custom load", "err %d errno %d\n", err, errno))
+		goto out;
+
+	/* check that pinmap was pinned at the custom path */
+	err = stat(custpinpath, &statbuf);
+	if (CHECK(err, "stat custpinpath", "err %d errno %d\n", err, errno))
+		goto out;
+
+out:
+	unlink(pinpath);
+	unlink(nopinpath);
+	unlink(nopinpath2);
+	unlink(custpinpath);
+	rmdir(custpath);
+	if (obj)
+		bpf_object__close(obj);
+}

tools/testing/selftests/bpf/prog_tests/probe_user.c

···
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+#include <test_progs.h>
+
+void test_probe_user(void)
+{
+#define kprobe_name "__sys_connect"
+	const char *prog_name = "kprobe/" kprobe_name;
+	const char *obj_file = "./test_probe_user.o";
+	DECLARE_LIBBPF_OPTS(bpf_object_open_opts, opts, );
+	int err, results_map_fd, sock_fd, duration = 0;
+	struct sockaddr curr, orig, tmp;
+	struct sockaddr_in *in = (struct sockaddr_in *)&curr;
+	struct bpf_link *kprobe_link = NULL;
+	struct bpf_program *kprobe_prog;
+	struct bpf_object *obj;
+	static const int zero = 0;
+
+	obj = bpf_object__open_file(obj_file, &opts);
+	if (CHECK(IS_ERR(obj), "obj_open_file", "err %ld\n", PTR_ERR(obj)))
+		return;
+
+	kprobe_prog = bpf_object__find_program_by_title(obj, prog_name);
+	if (CHECK(!kprobe_prog, "find_probe",
+		  "prog '%s' not found\n", prog_name))
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	err = bpf_object__load(obj);
+	if (CHECK(err, "obj_load", "err %d\n", err))
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	results_map_fd = bpf_find_map(__func__, obj, "test_pro.bss");
+	if (CHECK(results_map_fd < 0, "find_bss_map",
+		  "err %d\n", results_map_fd))
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	kprobe_link = bpf_program__attach_kprobe(kprobe_prog, false,
+						 kprobe_name);
+	if (CHECK(IS_ERR(kprobe_link), "attach_kprobe",
+		  "err %ld\n", PTR_ERR(kprobe_link))) {
+		kprobe_link = NULL;
+		goto cleanup;
+	}
+
+	memset(&curr, 0, sizeof(curr));
+	in->sin_family = AF_INET;
+	in->sin_port = htons(5555);
+	in->sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr("255.255.255.255");
+	memcpy(&orig, &curr, sizeof(curr));
+
+	sock_fd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
+	if (CHECK(sock_fd < 0, "create_sock_fd", "err %d\n", sock_fd))
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	connect(sock_fd, &curr, sizeof(curr));
+	close(sock_fd);
+
+	err = bpf_map_lookup_elem(results_map_fd, &zero, &tmp);
+	if (CHECK(err, "get_kprobe_res",
+		  "failed to get kprobe res: %d\n", err))
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	in = (struct sockaddr_in *)&tmp;
+	if (CHECK(memcmp(&tmp, &orig, sizeof(orig)), "check_kprobe_res",
+		  "wrong kprobe res from probe read: %s:%u\n",
+		  inet_ntoa(in->sin_addr), ntohs(in->sin_port)))
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	memset(&tmp, 0xab, sizeof(tmp));
+
+	in = (struct sockaddr_in *)&curr;
+	if (CHECK(memcmp(&curr, &tmp, sizeof(tmp)), "check_kprobe_res",
+		  "wrong kprobe res from probe write: %s:%u\n",
+		  inet_ntoa(in->sin_addr), ntohs(in->sin_port)))
+		goto cleanup;
+cleanup:
+	bpf_link__destroy(kprobe_link);
+	bpf_object__close(obj);
+}

tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/kfree_skb.c

···
 		func = ptr->func;
 	}));
 
-	bpf_probe_read(&pkt_type, sizeof(pkt_type), _(&skb->__pkt_type_offset));
+	bpf_probe_read_kernel(&pkt_type, sizeof(pkt_type), _(&skb->__pkt_type_offset));
 	pkt_type &= 7;
 
 	/* read eth proto */
-	bpf_probe_read(&pkt_data, sizeof(pkt_data), data + 12);
+	bpf_probe_read_kernel(&pkt_data, sizeof(pkt_data), data + 12);
 
 	bpf_printk("rcuhead.next %llx func %llx\n", ptr, func);
 	bpf_printk("skb->len %d users %d pkt_type %x\n",

tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/pyperf.h

···
 	void* thread_state;
 	int key;
 
-	bpf_probe_read(&key, sizeof(key), (void*)(long)pidData->tls_key_addr);
-	bpf_probe_read(&thread_state, sizeof(thread_state),
-		       tls_base + 0x310 + key * 0x10 + 0x08);
+	bpf_probe_read_user(&key, sizeof(key), (void*)(long)pidData->tls_key_addr);
+	bpf_probe_read_user(&thread_state, sizeof(thread_state),
+			    tls_base + 0x310 + key * 0x10 + 0x08);
 	return thread_state;
 }
 
···
 					   FrameData *frame, Symbol *symbol)
 {
 	// read data from PyFrameObject
-	bpf_probe_read(&frame->f_back,
-		       sizeof(frame->f_back),
-		       frame_ptr + pidData->offsets.PyFrameObject_back);
-	bpf_probe_read(&frame->f_code,
-		       sizeof(frame->f_code),
-		       frame_ptr + pidData->offsets.PyFrameObject_code);
+	bpf_probe_read_user(&frame->f_back,
+			    sizeof(frame->f_back),
+			    frame_ptr + pidData->offsets.PyFrameObject_back);
+	bpf_probe_read_user(&frame->f_code,
+			    sizeof(frame->f_code),
+			    frame_ptr + pidData->offsets.PyFrameObject_code);
 
 	// read data from PyCodeObject
 	if (!frame->f_code)
 		return false;
-	bpf_probe_read(&frame->co_filename,
-		       sizeof(frame->co_filename),
-		       frame->f_code + pidData->offsets.PyCodeObject_filename);
-	bpf_probe_read(&frame->co_name,
-		       sizeof(frame->co_name),
-		       frame->f_code + pidData->offsets.PyCodeObject_name);
+	bpf_probe_read_user(&frame->co_filename,
+			    sizeof(frame->co_filename),
+			    frame->f_code + pidData->offsets.PyCodeObject_filename);
+	bpf_probe_read_user(&frame->co_name,
+			    sizeof(frame->co_name),
+			    frame->f_code + pidData->offsets.PyCodeObject_name);
 	// read actual names into symbol
 	if (frame->co_filename)
-		bpf_probe_read_str(&symbol->file,
-				   sizeof(symbol->file),
-				   frame->co_filename + pidData->offsets.String_data);
+		bpf_probe_read_user_str(&symbol->file,
+					sizeof(symbol->file),
+					frame->co_filename +
+					pidData->offsets.String_data);
 	if (frame->co_name)
-		bpf_probe_read_str(&symbol->name,
-				   sizeof(symbol->name),
-				   frame->co_name + pidData->offsets.String_data);
+		bpf_probe_read_user_str(&symbol->name,
+					sizeof(symbol->name),
+					frame->co_name +
+					pidData->offsets.String_data);
 	return true;
 }
 
···
 	event->kernel_stack_id = bpf_get_stackid(ctx, &stackmap, 0);
 
 	void* thread_state_current = (void*)0;
-	bpf_probe_read(&thread_state_current,
-		       sizeof(thread_state_current),
-		       (void*)(long)pidData->current_state_addr);
+	bpf_probe_read_user(&thread_state_current,
+			    sizeof(thread_state_current),
+			    (void*)(long)pidData->current_state_addr);
 
 	struct task_struct* task = (struct task_struct*)bpf_get_current_task();
 	void* tls_base = (void*)task;
···
 	if (pidData->use_tls) {
 		uint64_t pthread_created;
 		uint64_t pthread_self;
-		bpf_probe_read(&pthread_self, sizeof(pthread_self), tls_base + 0x10);
+		bpf_probe_read_user(&pthread_self, sizeof(pthread_self),
+				    tls_base + 0x10);
 
-		bpf_probe_read(&pthread_created,
-			       sizeof(pthread_created),
-			       thread_state + pidData->offsets.PyThreadState_thread);
+		bpf_probe_read_user(&pthread_created,
+				    sizeof(pthread_created),
+				    thread_state +
+				    pidData->offsets.PyThreadState_thread);
 		event->pthread_match = pthread_created == pthread_self;
 	} else {
 		event->pthread_match = 1;
···
 		Symbol sym = {};
 		int cur_cpu = bpf_get_smp_processor_id();
 
-		bpf_probe_read(&frame_ptr,
-			       sizeof(frame_ptr),
-			       thread_state + pidData->offsets.PyThreadState_frame);
+		bpf_probe_read_user(&frame_ptr,
+				    sizeof(frame_ptr),
+				    thread_state +
+				    pidData->offsets.PyThreadState_frame);
 
 		int32_t* symbol_counter = bpf_map_lookup_elem(&symbolmap, &sym);
 		if (symbol_counter == NULL)

tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/strobemeta.h

···
 	/*
 	 * having volatile doesn't change anything on BPF side, but clang
 	 * emits warnings for passing `volatile const char *` into
-	 * bpf_probe_read_str that expects just `const char *`
+	 * bpf_probe_read_user_str that expects just `const char *`
 	 */
 	const char* tag;
 	/*
···
 	dtv_t *dtv;
 	void *tls_ptr;
 
-	bpf_probe_read(&tls_index, sizeof(struct tls_index),
-		       (void *)loc->offset);
+	bpf_probe_read_user(&tls_index, sizeof(struct tls_index),
+			    (void *)loc->offset);
 	/* valid module index is always positive */
 	if (tls_index.module > 0) {
 		/* dtv = ((struct tcbhead *)tls_base)->dtv[tls_index.module] */
-		bpf_probe_read(&dtv, sizeof(dtv),
-			       &((struct tcbhead *)tls_base)->dtv);
+		bpf_probe_read_user(&dtv, sizeof(dtv),
+				    &((struct tcbhead *)tls_base)->dtv);
 		dtv += tls_index.module;
 	} else {
 		dtv = NULL;
 	}
-	bpf_probe_read(&tls_ptr, sizeof(void *), dtv);
+	bpf_probe_read_user(&tls_ptr, sizeof(void *), dtv);
 	/* if pointer has (void *)-1 value, then TLS wasn't initialized yet */
 	return tls_ptr && tls_ptr != (void *)-1
 		? tls_ptr + tls_index.offset
···
 	if (!location)
 		return;
 
-	bpf_probe_read(value, sizeof(struct strobe_value_generic), location);
+	bpf_probe_read_user(value, sizeof(struct strobe_value_generic), location);
 	data->int_vals[idx] = value->val;
 	if (value->header.len)
 		data->int_vals_set_mask |= (1 << idx);
···
 	if (!location)
 		return 0;
 
-	bpf_probe_read(value, sizeof(struct strobe_value_generic), location);
-	len = bpf_probe_read_str(payload, STROBE_MAX_STR_LEN, value->ptr);
+	bpf_probe_read_user(value, sizeof(struct strobe_value_generic), location);
+	len = bpf_probe_read_user_str(payload, STROBE_MAX_STR_LEN, value->ptr);
 	/*
-	 * if bpf_probe_read_str returns error (<0), due to casting to
+	 * if bpf_probe_read_user_str returns error (<0), due to casting to
 	 * unsinged int, it will become big number, so next check is
 	 * sufficient to check for errors AND prove to BPF verifier, that
-	 * bpf_probe_read_str won't return anything bigger than
+	 * bpf_probe_read_user_str won't return anything bigger than
 	 * STROBE_MAX_STR_LEN
 	 */
 	if (len > STROBE_MAX_STR_LEN)
···
 	if (!location)
 		return payload;
 
-	bpf_probe_read(value, sizeof(struct strobe_value_generic), location);
-	if (bpf_probe_read(&map, sizeof(struct strobe_map_raw), value->ptr))
+	bpf_probe_read_user(value, sizeof(struct strobe_value_generic), location);
+	if (bpf_probe_read_user(&map, sizeof(struct strobe_map_raw), value->ptr))
 		return payload;
 
 	descr->id = map.id;
···
 		data->req_meta_valid = 1;
 	}
 
-	len = bpf_probe_read_str(payload, STROBE_MAX_STR_LEN, map.tag);
+	len = bpf_probe_read_user_str(payload, STROBE_MAX_STR_LEN, map.tag);
 	if (len <= STROBE_MAX_STR_LEN) {
 		descr->tag_len = len;
 		payload += len;
···
 			break;
 
 		descr->key_lens[i] = 0;
-		len = bpf_probe_read_str(payload, STROBE_MAX_STR_LEN,
-					 map.entries[i].key);
+		len = bpf_probe_read_user_str(payload, STROBE_MAX_STR_LEN,
+					      map.entries[i].key);
 		if (len <= STROBE_MAX_STR_LEN) {
 			descr->key_lens[i] = len;
 			payload += len;
 		}
 		descr->val_lens[i] = 0;
-		len = bpf_probe_read_str(payload, STROBE_MAX_STR_LEN,
-					 map.entries[i].val);
+		len = bpf_probe_read_user_str(payload, STROBE_MAX_STR_LEN,
+					      map.entries[i].val);
 		if (len <= STROBE_MAX_STR_LEN) {
 			descr->val_lens[i] = len;
 			payload += len;

tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/test_pinning.c

···
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+
+#include <linux/bpf.h>
+#include "bpf_helpers.h"
+
+int _version SEC("version") = 1;
+
+struct {
+	__uint(type, BPF_MAP_TYPE_ARRAY);
+	__uint(max_entries, 1);
+	__type(key, __u32);
+	__type(value, __u64);
+	__uint(pinning, LIBBPF_PIN_BY_NAME);
+} pinmap SEC(".maps");
+
+struct {
+	__uint(type, BPF_MAP_TYPE_HASH);
+	__uint(max_entries, 1);
+	__type(key, __u32);
+	__type(value, __u64);
+} nopinmap SEC(".maps");
+
+struct {
+	__uint(type, BPF_MAP_TYPE_ARRAY);
+	__uint(max_entries, 1);
+	__type(key, __u32);
+	__type(value, __u64);
+	__uint(pinning, LIBBPF_PIN_NONE);
+} nopinmap2 SEC(".maps");
+
+char _license[] SEC("license") = "GPL";

tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/test_pinning_invalid.c

···
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+
+#include <linux/bpf.h>
+#include "bpf_helpers.h"
+
+int _version SEC("version") = 1;
+
+struct {
+	__uint(type, BPF_MAP_TYPE_ARRAY);
+	__uint(max_entries, 1);
+	__type(key, __u32);
+	__type(value, __u64);
+	__uint(pinning, 2); /* invalid */
+} nopinmap3 SEC(".maps");
+
+char _license[] SEC("license") = "GPL";

tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/test_probe_user.c

···
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+
+#include <linux/ptrace.h>
+#include <linux/bpf.h>
+
+#include <netinet/in.h>
+
+#include "bpf_helpers.h"
+#include "bpf_tracing.h"
+
+static struct sockaddr_in old;
+
+SEC("kprobe/__sys_connect")
+int handle_sys_connect(struct pt_regs *ctx)
+{
+	void *ptr = (void *)PT_REGS_PARM2(ctx);
+	struct sockaddr_in new;
+
+	bpf_probe_read_user(&old, sizeof(old), ptr);
+	__builtin_memset(&new, 0xab, sizeof(new));
+	bpf_probe_write_user(ptr, &new, sizeof(new));
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+char _license[] SEC("license") = "GPL";

tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/test_tcp_estats.c

···
 #include <sys/socket.h>
 #include "bpf_helpers.h"
 
-#define _(P) ({typeof(P) val = 0; bpf_probe_read(&val, sizeof(val), &P); val;})
+#define _(P) ({typeof(P) val = 0; bpf_probe_read_kernel(&val, sizeof(val), &P); val;})
 #define TCP_ESTATS_MAGIC 0xBAADBEEF
 
 /* This test case needs "sock" and "pt_regs" data structure.

tools/testing/selftests/bpf/test_offload.py

···
                 continue
 
             p = os.path.join(path, f)
-            if not os.stat(p).st_mode & stat.S_IRUSR:
-                continue
-
             if os.path.isfile(p) and os.access(p, os.R_OK):
                 _, out = cmd('cat %s/%s' % (path, f))
                 dfs[f] = out.strip()

tools/testing/selftests/bpf/test_sysctl.c

···
 		.result = OP_EPERM,
 	},
 	{
+		.descr = "ctx:write sysctl:write read ok narrow",
+		.insns = {
+			/* u64 w = (u16)write & 1; */
+#if __BYTE_ORDER == __LITTLE_ENDIAN
+			BPF_LDX_MEM(BPF_H, BPF_REG_7, BPF_REG_1,
+				    offsetof(struct bpf_sysctl, write)),
+#else
+			BPF_LDX_MEM(BPF_H, BPF_REG_7, BPF_REG_1,
+				    offsetof(struct bpf_sysctl, write) + 2),
+#endif
+			BPF_ALU64_IMM(BPF_AND, BPF_REG_7, 1),
+			/* return 1 - w; */
+			BPF_MOV64_IMM(BPF_REG_0, 1),
+			BPF_ALU64_REG(BPF_SUB, BPF_REG_0, BPF_REG_7),
+			BPF_EXIT_INSN(),
+		},
+		.attach_type = BPF_CGROUP_SYSCTL,
+		.sysctl = "kernel/domainname",
+		.open_flags = O_WRONLY,
+		.newval = "(none)", /* same as default, should fail anyway */
+		.result = OP_EPERM,
+	},
+	{
 		.descr = "ctx:write sysctl:read write reject",
 		.insns = {
 			/* write = X */