Merge branch 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tj/percpu

* 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tj/percpu: (46 commits)
powerpc64: convert to dynamic percpu allocator
sparc64: use embedding percpu first chunk allocator
percpu: kill lpage first chunk allocator
x86,percpu: use embedding for 64bit NUMA and page for 32bit NUMA
percpu: update embedding first chunk allocator to handle sparse units
percpu: use group information to allocate vmap areas sparsely
vmalloc: implement pcpu_get_vm_areas()
vmalloc: separate out insert_vmalloc_vm()
percpu: add chunk->base_addr
percpu: add pcpu_unit_offsets[]
percpu: introduce pcpu_alloc_info and pcpu_group_info
percpu: move pcpu_lpage_build_unit_map() and pcpul_lpage_dump_cfg() upward
percpu: add @align to pcpu_fc_alloc_fn_t
percpu: make @dyn_size mandatory for pcpu_setup_first_chunk()
percpu: drop @static_size from first chunk allocators
percpu: generalize first chunk allocator selection
percpu: build first chunk allocators selectively
percpu: rename 4k first chunk allocator to page
percpu: improve boot messages
percpu: fix pcpu_reclaim() locking
...

Fix trivial conflict as by Tejun Heo in kernel/sched.c

Documentation/kernel-parameters.txt

···
 			Format: { 0 | 1 }
 			See arch/parisc/kernel/pdc_chassis.c
 
-	percpu_alloc=	[X86] Select which percpu first chunk allocator to use.
-			Allowed values are one of "lpage", "embed" and "4k".
-			See comments in arch/x86/kernel/setup_percpu.c for
-			details on each allocator.  This parameter is primarily
-			for debugging and performance comparison.
+	percpu_alloc=	Select which percpu first chunk allocator to use.
+			Currently supported values are "embed" and "page".
+			Archs may support subset or none of the	selections.
+			See comments in mm/percpu.c for details on each
+			allocator.  This parameter is primarily	for debugging
+			and performance comparison.
 
 	pf.		[PARIDE]
 			See Documentation/blockdev/paride.txt.

Makefile

···
 MODFLAGS	= -DMODULE
 CFLAGS_MODULE   = $(MODFLAGS)
 AFLAGS_MODULE   = $(MODFLAGS)
-LDFLAGS_MODULE  =
+LDFLAGS_MODULE  = -T $(srctree)/scripts/module-common.lds
 CFLAGS_KERNEL	=
 AFLAGS_KERNEL	=
 CFLAGS_GCOV	= -fprofile-arcs -ftest-coverage

arch/alpha/include/asm/percpu.h

···
 #ifndef __ALPHA_PERCPU_H
 #define __ALPHA_PERCPU_H
 
-#include <linux/compiler.h>
-#include <linux/threads.h>
-#include <linux/percpu-defs.h>
-
 /*
- * Determine the real variable name from the name visible in the
- * kernel sources.
- */
-#define per_cpu_var(var) per_cpu__##var
-
-#ifdef CONFIG_SMP
-
-/*
- * per_cpu_offset() is the offset that has to be added to a
- * percpu variable to get to the instance for a certain processor.
- */
-extern unsigned long __per_cpu_offset[NR_CPUS];
-
-#define per_cpu_offset(x) (__per_cpu_offset[x])
-
-#define __my_cpu_offset per_cpu_offset(raw_smp_processor_id())
-#ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_PREEMPT
-#define my_cpu_offset per_cpu_offset(smp_processor_id())
-#else
-#define my_cpu_offset __my_cpu_offset
-#endif
-
-#ifndef MODULE
-#define SHIFT_PERCPU_PTR(var, offset) RELOC_HIDE(&per_cpu_var(var), (offset))
-#define PER_CPU_DEF_ATTRIBUTES
-#else
-/*
- * To calculate addresses of locally defined variables, GCC uses 32-bit
- * displacement from the GP. Which doesn't work for per cpu variables in
- * modules, as an offset to the kernel per cpu area is way above 4G.
+ * To calculate addresses of locally defined variables, GCC uses
+ * 32-bit displacement from the GP. Which doesn't work for per cpu
+ * variables in modules, as an offset to the kernel per cpu area is
+ * way above 4G.
  *
- * This forces allocation of a GOT entry for per cpu variable using
- * ldq instruction with a 'literal' relocation.
+ * Always use weak definitions for percpu variables in modules.
  */
-#define SHIFT_PERCPU_PTR(var, offset) ({		\
-	extern int simple_identifier_##var(void);	\
-	unsigned long __ptr, tmp_gp;			\
-	asm (  "br	%1, 1f		  	      \n\
-	1:	ldgp	%1, 0(%1)	    	      \n\
-		ldq %0, per_cpu__" #var"(%1)\t!literal"		\
-		: "=&r"(__ptr), "=&r"(tmp_gp));		\
-	(typeof(&per_cpu_var(var)))(__ptr + (offset)); })
-
-#define PER_CPU_DEF_ATTRIBUTES	__used
-
-#endif /* MODULE */
-
-/*
- * A percpu variable may point to a discarded regions. The following are
- * established ways to produce a usable pointer from the percpu variable
- * offset.
- */
-#define per_cpu(var, cpu) \
-	(*SHIFT_PERCPU_PTR(var, per_cpu_offset(cpu)))
-#define __get_cpu_var(var) \
-	(*SHIFT_PERCPU_PTR(var, my_cpu_offset))
-#define __raw_get_cpu_var(var) \
-	(*SHIFT_PERCPU_PTR(var, __my_cpu_offset))
-
-#else /* ! SMP */
-
-#define per_cpu(var, cpu)		(*((void)(cpu), &per_cpu_var(var)))
-#define __get_cpu_var(var)		per_cpu_var(var)
-#define __raw_get_cpu_var(var)		per_cpu_var(var)
-
-#define PER_CPU_DEF_ATTRIBUTES
-
-#endif /* SMP */
-
-#ifdef CONFIG_SMP
-#define PER_CPU_BASE_SECTION ".data.percpu"
-#else
-#define PER_CPU_BASE_SECTION ".data"
+#if defined(MODULE) && defined(CONFIG_SMP)
+#define ARCH_NEEDS_WEAK_PER_CPU
 #endif
 
-#ifdef CONFIG_SMP
-
-#ifdef MODULE
-#define PER_CPU_SHARED_ALIGNED_SECTION ""
-#else
-#define PER_CPU_SHARED_ALIGNED_SECTION ".shared_aligned"
-#endif
-#define PER_CPU_FIRST_SECTION ".first"
-
-#else
-
-#define PER_CPU_SHARED_ALIGNED_SECTION ""
-#define PER_CPU_FIRST_SECTION ""
-
-#endif
-
-#define PER_CPU_ATTRIBUTES
+#include <asm-generic/percpu.h>
 
 #endif /* __ALPHA_PERCPU_H */

arch/alpha/include/asm/tlbflush.h

···
 #define _ALPHA_TLBFLUSH_H
 
 #include <linux/mm.h>
+#include <linux/sched.h>
 #include <asm/compiler.h>
 #include <asm/pgalloc.h>
 

arch/alpha/kernel/vmlinux.lds.S

···
 	__bss_stop = .;
 	_end = .;
 
-	/* Sections to be discarded */
-	/DISCARD/ : {
-		EXIT_TEXT
-		EXIT_DATA
-		*(.exitcall.exit)
-	}
-
 	.mdebug 0 : {
 		*(.mdebug)
 	}
···
 
 	STABS_DEBUG
 	DWARF_DEBUG
+
+	DISCARDS
 }

arch/arm/kernel/vmlinux.lds.S

···
 		EXIT_TEXT
 		EXIT_DATA
 		*(.exitcall.exit)
+		*(.discard)
 		*(.ARM.exidx.exit.text)
 		*(.ARM.extab.exit.text)
 #ifndef CONFIG_HOTPLUG_CPU

arch/avr32/kernel/vmlinux.lds.S

···
 		_end = .;
 	}
 
+	DWARF_DEBUG
+
 	/* When something in the kernel is NOT compiled as a module, the module
 	 * cleanup code and data are put into these segments. Both can then be
 	 * thrown away, as cleanup code is never called unless it's a module.
 	 */
-	/DISCARD/       	: {
-		EXIT_DATA
-		*(.exitcall.exit)
-	}
-
-	DWARF_DEBUG
+	DISCARDS
 }

arch/blackfin/kernel/vmlinux.lds.S

···
 
 	DWARF_DEBUG
 
-	/DISCARD/ :
-	{
-		*(.exitcall.exit)
-	}
+	DISCARDS
 }

arch/blackfin/mm/sram-alloc.c

···
 #include <asm/mem_map.h>
 #include "blackfin_sram.h"
 
-static DEFINE_PER_CPU(spinlock_t, l1sram_lock) ____cacheline_aligned_in_smp;
-static DEFINE_PER_CPU(spinlock_t, l1_data_sram_lock) ____cacheline_aligned_in_smp;
-static DEFINE_PER_CPU(spinlock_t, l1_inst_sram_lock) ____cacheline_aligned_in_smp;
+static DEFINE_PER_CPU_SHARED_ALIGNED(spinlock_t, l1sram_lock);
+static DEFINE_PER_CPU_SHARED_ALIGNED(spinlock_t, l1_data_sram_lock);
+static DEFINE_PER_CPU_SHARED_ALIGNED(spinlock_t, l1_inst_sram_lock);
 static spinlock_t l2_sram_lock ____cacheline_aligned_in_smp;
 
 /* the data structure for L1 scratchpad and DATA SRAM */

arch/cris/include/asm/mmu_context.h

···
  * registers like cr3 on the i386
  */
 
-extern volatile DEFINE_PER_CPU(pgd_t *,current_pgd); /* defined in arch/cris/mm/fault.c */
+/* defined in arch/cris/mm/fault.c */
+DECLARE_PER_CPU(pgd_t *, current_pgd);
 
 static inline void enter_lazy_tlb(struct mm_struct *mm, struct task_struct *tsk)
 {

arch/cris/kernel/vmlinux.lds.S

···
 	_end = .;
 	__end = .;
 
-	/* Sections to be discarded */
-	/DISCARD/ : {
-		EXIT_TEXT
-		EXIT_DATA
-		*(.exitcall.exit)
-        }
-
 	dram_end = dram_start + (CONFIG_ETRAX_DRAM_SIZE - __CONFIG_ETRAX_VMEM_SIZE)*1024*1024;
+
+	DISCARDS
 }

arch/cris/mm/fault.c

···
 
 /* current active page directory */
 
-volatile DEFINE_PER_CPU(pgd_t *,current_pgd);
+DEFINE_PER_CPU(pgd_t *, current_pgd);
 unsigned long cris_signal_return_page;
 
 /*

arch/frv/kernel/vmlinux.lds.S

···
   .debug_ranges		0 : { *(.debug_ranges) }
 
   .comment 0 : { *(.comment) }
+
+  DISCARDS
 }
 
 __kernel_image_size_no_bss = __bss_start - __kernel_image_start;

arch/h8300/kernel/vmlinux.lds.S

···
 	__end = . ;
 	__ramstart = .;
 	}
-	/DISCARD/ : {
-		*(.exitcall.exit)
-	}
         .romfs :	
 	{
 		*(.romfs*)
···
 	COMMAND_START = . - 0x200 ;
 	__ramend = . ;
 	}
+
+	DISCARDS
 }

arch/ia64/Kconfig

···
 	bool
 	default y
 
+config HAVE_LEGACY_PER_CPU_AREA
+	def_bool y
+
 config HAVE_SETUP_PER_CPU_AREA
 	def_bool y
 

arch/ia64/kernel/setup.c

···
 	c->unimpl_pa_mask = ~((1L<<63) | ((1L << phys_addr_size) - 1));
 }
 
+/*
+ * In UP configuration, setup_per_cpu_areas() is defined in
+ * include/linux/percpu.h
+ */
+#ifdef CONFIG_SMP
 void __init
 setup_per_cpu_areas (void)
 {
 	/* start_kernel() requires this... */
 }
+#endif
 
 /*
  * Do the following calculations:

arch/ia64/kernel/smp.c

···
 	unsigned int count;
 } __attribute__((__aligned__(32))) local_tlb_flush_counts[NR_CPUS];
 
-static DEFINE_PER_CPU(unsigned short, shadow_flush_counts[NR_CPUS]) ____cacheline_aligned;
+static DEFINE_PER_CPU_SHARED_ALIGNED(unsigned short [NR_CPUS],
+				     shadow_flush_counts);
 
 #define IPI_CALL_FUNC		0
 #define IPI_CPU_STOP		1

arch/ia64/kernel/vmlinux.lds.S

···
 }
 SECTIONS
 {
-  /* Sections to be discarded */
+  /* unwind exit sections must be discarded before the rest of the
+     sections get included. */
   /DISCARD/ : {
-	EXIT_TEXT
-	EXIT_DATA
-	*(.exitcall.exit)
 	*(.IA_64.unwind.exit.text)
 	*(.IA_64.unwind_info.exit.text)
-	}
+	*(.comment)
+	*(.note)
+  }
 
   v = PAGE_OFFSET;	/* this symbol is here to make debugging easier... */
   phys_start = _start - LOAD_OFFSET;
···
   .debug_funcnames 0 : { *(.debug_funcnames) }
   .debug_typenames 0 : { *(.debug_typenames) }
   .debug_varnames  0 : { *(.debug_varnames) }
-  /* These must appear regardless of  .  */
-  /DISCARD/ : { *(.comment) }
-  /DISCARD/ : { *(.note) }
+
+  /* Default discards */
+  DISCARDS
 }

arch/ia64/sn/kernel/setup.c

···
 DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct sn_hub_info_s, __sn_hub_info);
 EXPORT_PER_CPU_SYMBOL(__sn_hub_info);
 
-DEFINE_PER_CPU(short, __sn_cnodeid_to_nasid[MAX_COMPACT_NODES]);
+DEFINE_PER_CPU(short [MAX_COMPACT_NODES], __sn_cnodeid_to_nasid);
 EXPORT_PER_CPU_SYMBOL(__sn_cnodeid_to_nasid);
 
 DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct nodepda_s *, __sn_nodepda);

arch/m32r/kernel/vmlinux.lds.S

···
 
   _end = . ;
 
-  /* Sections to be discarded */
-  /DISCARD/ : {
-	EXIT_TEXT
-	EXIT_DATA
-	*(.exitcall.exit)
-	}
-
   /* Stabs debugging sections.  */
   .stab 0 : { *(.stab) }
   .stabstr 0 : { *(.stabstr) }
···
   .stab.index 0 : { *(.stab.index) }
   .stab.indexstr 0 : { *(.stab.indexstr) }
   .comment 0 : { *(.comment) }
+
+  /* Sections to be discarded */
+  DISCARDS
 }

arch/m68k/kernel/vmlinux-std.lds

···
 
   _end = . ;
 
-  /* Sections to be discarded */
-  /DISCARD/ : {
-	EXIT_TEXT
-	EXIT_DATA
-	*(.exitcall.exit)
-	}
-
   /* Stabs debugging sections.  */
   .stab 0 : { *(.stab) }
   .stabstr 0 : { *(.stabstr) }
···
   .stab.index 0 : { *(.stab.index) }
   .stab.indexstr 0 : { *(.stab.indexstr) }
   .comment 0 : { *(.comment) }
+
+  /* Sections to be discarded */
+  DISCARDS
 }

arch/m68k/kernel/vmlinux-sun3.lds

···
 
   _end = . ;
 
-  /* Sections to be discarded */
-  /DISCARD/ : {
-	EXIT_TEXT
-	EXIT_DATA
-	*(.exitcall.exit)
-	}
-
   .crap : {
 	/* Stabs debugging sections.  */
 	*(.stab)
···
 	*(.note)
   }
 
+  /* Sections to be discarded */
+  DISCARDS
 }

arch/m68knommu/kernel/vmlinux.lds.S

···
 		__init_end = .;
 	} > INIT
 
-	/DISCARD/ : {
-		EXIT_TEXT
-		EXIT_DATA
-		*(.exitcall.exit)
-	}
-
 	.bss : {
 		. = ALIGN(4);
 		_sbss = . ;
···
 	 	_end = . ;
 	} > BSS
 
+	DISCARDS
 }
 

arch/microblaze/kernel/vmlinux.lds.S

···
 		_stext = . ;
 		*(.text .text.*)
 		*(.fixup)
-
-		*(.exitcall.exit)
+               EXIT_TEXT
+               EXIT_CALL
 		SCHED_TEXT
 		LOCK_TEXT
 		KPROBES_TEXT
···
 	}
 	. = ALIGN(4096);
 	_end = .;
+
+	DISCARDS
 }

arch/mips/kernel/vmlinux.lds.S

···
 
 	_end = . ;
 
-	/* Sections to be discarded */
-	/DISCARD/ : {
-		*(.exitcall.exit)
-
-		/* ABI crap starts here */
-		*(.MIPS.options)
-		*(.options)
-		*(.pdr)
-		*(.reginfo)
-	}
-
 	/* These mark the ABI of the kernel for debuggers.  */
 	.mdebug.abi32 : {
 		KEEP(*(.mdebug.abi32))
···
 	.gptab.sbss : {
 		*(.gptab.bss)
 		*(.gptab.sbss)
+	}
+
+	/* Sections to be discarded */
+	DISCARDS
+	/DISCARD/ : {
+		/* ABI crap starts here */
+		*(.MIPS.options)
+		*(.options)
+		*(.pdr)
+		*(.reginfo)
 	}
 }

arch/mn10300/kernel/vmlinux.lds.S

···
   . = ALIGN(PAGE_SIZE);
   pg0 = .;
 
-  /* Sections to be discarded */
-  /DISCARD/ : {
-	EXIT_CALL
-	}
-
   STABS_DEBUG
 
   DWARF_DEBUG
+
+  /* Sections to be discarded */
+  DISCARDS
 }

arch/parisc/kernel/vmlinux.lds.S

···
 	/* freed after init ends here */
 	_end = . ;
 
+	STABS_DEBUG
+	.note 0 : { *(.note) }
+
 	/* Sections to be discarded */
+	DISCARDS
 	/DISCARD/ : {
-		*(.exitcall.exit)
 #ifdef CONFIG_64BIT
 		/* temporary hack until binutils is fixed to not emit these
 	 	 * for static binaries
···
 		*(.gnu.hash)
 #endif
 	}
-
-	STABS_DEBUG
-	.note 0 : { *(.note) }	
 }

arch/powerpc/Kconfig

···
 config HAVE_SETUP_PER_CPU_AREA
 	def_bool PPC64
 
+config NEED_PER_CPU_EMBED_FIRST_CHUNK
+	def_bool PPC64
+
 config IRQ_PER_CPU
 	bool
 	default y

arch/powerpc/kernel/setup_64.c

···
 #include <asm/cache.h>
 #include <asm/page.h>
 #include <asm/mmu.h>
+#include <asm/mmu-hash64.h>
 #include <asm/firmware.h>
 #include <asm/xmon.h>
 #include <asm/udbg.h>
···
 }
 
 #ifdef CONFIG_SMP
+#define PCPU_DYN_SIZE		()
+
+static void * __init pcpu_fc_alloc(unsigned int cpu, size_t size, size_t align)
+{
+	return __alloc_bootmem_node(NODE_DATA(cpu_to_node(cpu)), size, align,
+				    __pa(MAX_DMA_ADDRESS));
+}
+
+static void __init pcpu_fc_free(void *ptr, size_t size)
+{
+	free_bootmem(__pa(ptr), size);
+}
+
+static int pcpu_cpu_distance(unsigned int from, unsigned int to)
+{
+	if (cpu_to_node(from) == cpu_to_node(to))
+		return LOCAL_DISTANCE;
+	else
+		return REMOTE_DISTANCE;
+}
+
 void __init setup_per_cpu_areas(void)
 {
-	int i;
-	unsigned long size;
-	char *ptr;
+	const size_t dyn_size = PERCPU_MODULE_RESERVE + PERCPU_DYNAMIC_RESERVE;
+	size_t atom_size;
+	unsigned long delta;
+	unsigned int cpu;
+	int rc;
 
-	/* Copy section for each CPU (we discard the original) */
-	size = ALIGN(__per_cpu_end - __per_cpu_start, PAGE_SIZE);
-#ifdef CONFIG_MODULES
-	if (size < PERCPU_ENOUGH_ROOM)
-		size = PERCPU_ENOUGH_ROOM;
-#endif
+	/*
+	 * Linear mapping is one of 4K, 1M and 16M.  For 4K, no need
+	 * to group units.  For larger mappings, use 1M atom which
+	 * should be large enough to contain a number of units.
+	 */
+	if (mmu_linear_psize == MMU_PAGE_4K)
+		atom_size = PAGE_SIZE;
+	else
+		atom_size = 1 << 20;
 
-	for_each_possible_cpu(i) {
-		ptr = alloc_bootmem_pages_node(NODE_DATA(cpu_to_node(i)), size);
+	rc = pcpu_embed_first_chunk(0, dyn_size, atom_size, pcpu_cpu_distance,
+				    pcpu_fc_alloc, pcpu_fc_free);
+	if (rc < 0)
+		panic("cannot initialize percpu area (err=%d)", rc);
 
-		paca[i].data_offset = ptr - __per_cpu_start;
-		memcpy(ptr, __per_cpu_start, __per_cpu_end - __per_cpu_start);
-	}
+	delta = (unsigned long)pcpu_base_addr - (unsigned long)__per_cpu_start;
+	for_each_possible_cpu(cpu)
+		paca[cpu].data_offset = delta + pcpu_unit_offsets[cpu];
 }
 #endif
 

arch/powerpc/kernel/vmlinux.lds.S

···
 #endif
 SECTIONS
 {
-	/* Sections to be discarded. */
-	/DISCARD/ : {
-	*(.exitcall.exit)
-	EXIT_DATA
-	}
-
 	. = KERNELBASE;
 
 /*
···
 	. = ALIGN(PAGE_SIZE);
 	_end = . ;
 	PROVIDE32 (end = .);
+
+	/* Sections to be discarded. */
+	DISCARDS
 }

arch/powerpc/mm/stab.c

···
 
 #define NR_STAB_CACHE_ENTRIES 8
 static DEFINE_PER_CPU(long, stab_cache_ptr);
-static DEFINE_PER_CPU(long, stab_cache[NR_STAB_CACHE_ENTRIES]);
+static DEFINE_PER_CPU(long [NR_STAB_CACHE_ENTRIES], stab_cache);
 
 /*
  * Create a segment table entry for the given esid/vsid pair.

arch/powerpc/platforms/ps3/smp.c

···
   */
 
 #define MSG_COUNT 4
-static DEFINE_PER_CPU(unsigned int, ps3_ipi_virqs[MSG_COUNT]);
+static DEFINE_PER_CPU(unsigned int [MSG_COUNT], ps3_ipi_virqs);
 
 static void do_message_pass(int target, int msg)
 {

arch/s390/include/asm/percpu.h

···
 #ifndef __ARCH_S390_PERCPU__
 #define __ARCH_S390_PERCPU__
 
-#include <linux/compiler.h>
-#include <asm/lowcore.h>
-
 /*
  * s390 uses its own implementation for per cpu data, the offset of
  * the cpu local data area is cached in the cpu's lowcore memory.
- * For 64 bit module code s390 forces the use of a GOT slot for the
- * address of the per cpu variable. This is needed because the module
- * may be more than 4G above the per cpu area.
  */
-#if defined(__s390x__) && defined(MODULE)
-
-#define SHIFT_PERCPU_PTR(ptr,offset) (({			\
-	extern int simple_identifier_##var(void);	\
-	unsigned long *__ptr;				\
-	asm ( "larl %0, %1@GOTENT"		\
-	    : "=a" (__ptr) : "X" (ptr) );		\
-	(typeof(ptr))((*__ptr) + (offset));	}))
-
-#else
-
-#define SHIFT_PERCPU_PTR(ptr, offset) (({				\
-	extern int simple_identifier_##var(void);		\
-	unsigned long __ptr;					\
-	asm ( "" : "=a" (__ptr) : "0" (ptr) );			\
-	(typeof(ptr)) (__ptr + (offset)); }))
-
-#endif
-
 #define __my_cpu_offset S390_lowcore.percpu_offset
+
+/*
+ * For 64 bit module code, the module may be more than 4G above the
+ * per cpu area, use weak definitions to force the compiler to
+ * generate external references.
+ */
+#if defined(CONFIG_SMP) && defined(__s390x__) && defined(MODULE)
+#define ARCH_NEEDS_WEAK_PER_CPU
+#endif
 
 #include <asm-generic/percpu.h>
 

arch/s390/kernel/vmlinux.lds.S

···
 
 	_end = . ;
 
-	/* Sections to be discarded */
-	/DISCARD/ : {
-		EXIT_DATA
-		*(.exitcall.exit)
-	}
-
 	/* Debugging sections.	*/
 	STABS_DEBUG
 	DWARF_DEBUG
+
+	/* Sections to be discarded */
+	DISCARDS
 }

arch/sh/kernel/vmlinux.lds.S

···
 		_end = . ;
 	}
 
+	STABS_DEBUG
+	DWARF_DEBUG
+
 	/*
 	 * When something in the kernel is NOT compiled as a module, the
 	 * module cleanup code and data are put into these segments. Both
 	 * can then be thrown away, as cleanup code is never called unless
 	 * it's a module.
 	 */
-	/DISCARD/ : {
-		*(.exitcall.exit)
-	}
-
-	STABS_DEBUG
-	DWARF_DEBUG
+	DISCARDS
 }

arch/sparc/Kconfig

···
 config HAVE_SETUP_PER_CPU_AREA
 	def_bool y if SPARC64
 
-config HAVE_DYNAMIC_PER_CPU_AREA
+config NEED_PER_CPU_EMBED_FIRST_CHUNK
 	def_bool y if SPARC64
 
 config GENERIC_HARDIRQS_NO__DO_IRQ

arch/sparc/kernel/smp_64.c

···
  * RETURNS:
  * Pointer to the allocated area on success, NULL on failure.
  */
-static void * __init pcpu_alloc_bootmem(unsigned int cpu, unsigned long size,
-					unsigned long align)
+static void * __init pcpu_alloc_bootmem(unsigned int cpu, size_t size,
+					size_t align)
 {
 	const unsigned long goal = __pa(MAX_DMA_ADDRESS);
 #ifdef CONFIG_NEED_MULTIPLE_NODES
···
 #endif
 }
 
-static size_t pcpur_size __initdata;
-static void **pcpur_ptrs __initdata;
-
-static struct page * __init pcpur_get_page(unsigned int cpu, int pageno)
+static void __init pcpu_free_bootmem(void *ptr, size_t size)
 {
-	size_t off = (size_t)pageno << PAGE_SHIFT;
-
-	if (off >= pcpur_size)
-		return NULL;
-
-	return virt_to_page(pcpur_ptrs[cpu] + off);
+	free_bootmem(__pa(ptr), size);
 }
 
-#define PCPU_CHUNK_SIZE (4UL * 1024UL * 1024UL)
-
-static void __init pcpu_map_range(unsigned long start, unsigned long end,
-				  struct page *page)
+static int pcpu_cpu_distance(unsigned int from, unsigned int to)
 {
-	unsigned long pfn = page_to_pfn(page);
-	unsigned long pte_base;
-
-	BUG_ON((pfn<<PAGE_SHIFT)&(PCPU_CHUNK_SIZE - 1UL));
-
-	pte_base = (_PAGE_VALID | _PAGE_SZ4MB_4U |
-		    _PAGE_CP_4U | _PAGE_CV_4U |
-		    _PAGE_P_4U | _PAGE_W_4U);
-	if (tlb_type == hypervisor)
-		pte_base = (_PAGE_VALID | _PAGE_SZ4MB_4V |
-			    _PAGE_CP_4V | _PAGE_CV_4V |
-			    _PAGE_P_4V | _PAGE_W_4V);
-
-	while (start < end) {
-		pgd_t *pgd = pgd_offset_k(start);
-		unsigned long this_end;
-		pud_t *pud;
-		pmd_t *pmd;
-		pte_t *pte;
-
-		pud = pud_offset(pgd, start);
-		if (pud_none(*pud)) {
-			pmd_t *new;
-
-			new = __alloc_bootmem(PAGE_SIZE, PAGE_SIZE, PAGE_SIZE);
-			pud_populate(&init_mm, pud, new);
-		}
-
-		pmd = pmd_offset(pud, start);
-		if (!pmd_present(*pmd)) {
-			pte_t *new;
-
-			new = __alloc_bootmem(PAGE_SIZE, PAGE_SIZE, PAGE_SIZE);
-			pmd_populate_kernel(&init_mm, pmd, new);
-		}
-
-		pte = pte_offset_kernel(pmd, start);
-		this_end = (start + PMD_SIZE) & PMD_MASK;
-		if (this_end > end)
-			this_end = end;
-
-		while (start < this_end) {
-			unsigned long paddr = pfn << PAGE_SHIFT;
-
-			pte_val(*pte) = (paddr | pte_base);
-
-			start += PAGE_SIZE;
-			pte++;
-			pfn++;
-		}
-	}
+	if (cpu_to_node(from) == cpu_to_node(to))
+		return LOCAL_DISTANCE;
+	else
+		return REMOTE_DISTANCE;
 }
 
 void __init setup_per_cpu_areas(void)
 {
-	size_t dyn_size, static_size = __per_cpu_end - __per_cpu_start;
-	static struct vm_struct vm;
-	unsigned long delta, cpu;
-	size_t pcpu_unit_size;
-	size_t ptrs_size;
+	unsigned long delta;
+	unsigned int cpu;
+	int rc;
 
-	pcpur_size = PFN_ALIGN(static_size + PERCPU_MODULE_RESERVE +
-			       PERCPU_DYNAMIC_RESERVE);
-	dyn_size = pcpur_size - static_size - PERCPU_MODULE_RESERVE;
-
-
-	ptrs_size = PFN_ALIGN(nr_cpu_ids * sizeof(pcpur_ptrs[0]));
-	pcpur_ptrs = alloc_bootmem(ptrs_size);
-
-	for_each_possible_cpu(cpu) {
-		pcpur_ptrs[cpu] = pcpu_alloc_bootmem(cpu, PCPU_CHUNK_SIZE,
-						     PCPU_CHUNK_SIZE);
-
-		free_bootmem(__pa(pcpur_ptrs[cpu] + pcpur_size),
-			     PCPU_CHUNK_SIZE - pcpur_size);
-
-		memcpy(pcpur_ptrs[cpu], __per_cpu_load, static_size);
-	}
-
-	/* allocate address and map */
-	vm.flags = VM_ALLOC;
-	vm.size = nr_cpu_ids * PCPU_CHUNK_SIZE;
-	vm_area_register_early(&vm, PCPU_CHUNK_SIZE);
-
-	for_each_possible_cpu(cpu) {
-		unsigned long start = (unsigned long) vm.addr;
-		unsigned long end;
-
-		start += cpu * PCPU_CHUNK_SIZE;
-		end = start + PCPU_CHUNK_SIZE;
-		pcpu_map_range(start, end, virt_to_page(pcpur_ptrs[cpu]));
-	}
-
-	pcpu_unit_size = pcpu_setup_first_chunk(pcpur_get_page, static_size,
-						PERCPU_MODULE_RESERVE, dyn_size,
-						PCPU_CHUNK_SIZE, vm.addr, NULL);
-
-	free_bootmem(__pa(pcpur_ptrs), ptrs_size);
+	rc = pcpu_embed_first_chunk(PERCPU_MODULE_RESERVE,
+				    PERCPU_DYNAMIC_RESERVE, 4 << 20,
+				    pcpu_cpu_distance, pcpu_alloc_bootmem,
+				    pcpu_free_bootmem);
+	if (rc)
+		panic("failed to initialize first chunk (%d)", rc);
 
 	delta = (unsigned long)pcpu_base_addr - (unsigned long)__per_cpu_start;
-	for_each_possible_cpu(cpu) {
-		__per_cpu_offset(cpu) = delta + cpu * pcpu_unit_size;
-	}
+	for_each_possible_cpu(cpu)
+		__per_cpu_offset(cpu) = delta + pcpu_unit_offsets[cpu];
 
 	/* Setup %g5 for the boot cpu.  */
 	__local_per_cpu_offset = __per_cpu_offset(smp_processor_id());

arch/sparc/kernel/vmlinux.lds.S

···
 	}
 	_end = . ;
 
-	/DISCARD/ : {
-		EXIT_TEXT
-		EXIT_DATA
-		*(.exitcall.exit)
-	}
-
 	STABS_DEBUG
 	DWARF_DEBUG
+
+	DISCARDS
 }

arch/um/include/asm/common.lds.S

···
 	__initramfs_end = .;
   }
 
-  /* Sections to be discarded */
-  /DISCARD/ : {
- 	*(.exitcall.exit)
-  }
-

arch/um/kernel/dyn.lds.S

···
   STABS_DEBUG
 
   DWARF_DEBUG
+
+  DISCARDS
 }

arch/um/kernel/uml.lds.S

···
   STABS_DEBUG
 
   DWARF_DEBUG
+
+  DISCARDS
 }

arch/x86/Kconfig

···
 config HAVE_SETUP_PER_CPU_AREA
 	def_bool y
 
-config HAVE_DYNAMIC_PER_CPU_AREA
+config NEED_PER_CPU_EMBED_FIRST_CHUNK
+	def_bool y
+
+config NEED_PER_CPU_PAGE_FIRST_CHUNK
 	def_bool y
 
 config HAVE_CPUMASK_OF_CPU_MAP

arch/x86/include/asm/percpu.h

···
 /* We can use this directly for local CPU (faster). */
 DECLARE_PER_CPU(unsigned long, this_cpu_off);
 
-#ifdef CONFIG_NEED_MULTIPLE_NODES
-void *pcpu_lpage_remapped(void *kaddr);
-#else
-static inline void *pcpu_lpage_remapped(void *kaddr)
-{
-	return NULL;
-}
-#endif
-
 #endif /* !__ASSEMBLY__ */
 
 #ifdef CONFIG_SMP

arch/x86/kernel/cpu/cpu_debug.c

···
 #include <asm/apic.h>
 #include <asm/desc.h>
 
-static DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct cpu_cpuX_base, cpu_arr[CPU_REG_ALL_BIT]);
-static DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct cpu_private *, priv_arr[MAX_CPU_FILES]);
+static DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct cpu_cpuX_base [CPU_REG_ALL_BIT], cpu_arr);
+static DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct cpu_private * [MAX_CPU_FILES], priv_arr);
 static DEFINE_PER_CPU(int, cpu_priv_count);
 
 static DEFINE_MUTEX(cpu_debug_lock);

arch/x86/kernel/cpu/mcheck/mce.c

···
  */
 static int check_interval = 5 * 60; /* 5 minutes */
 
-static DEFINE_PER_CPU(int, next_interval); /* in jiffies */
+static DEFINE_PER_CPU(int, mce_next_interval); /* in jiffies */
 static DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct timer_list, mce_timer);
 
 static void mcheck_timer(unsigned long data)
···
 	 * Alert userspace if needed.  If we logged an MCE, reduce the
 	 * polling interval, otherwise increase the polling interval.
 	 */
-	n = &__get_cpu_var(next_interval);
+	n = &__get_cpu_var(mce_next_interval);
 	if (mce_notify_irq())
 		*n = max(*n/2, HZ/100);
 	else
···
 static void mce_init_timer(void)
 {
 	struct timer_list *t = &__get_cpu_var(mce_timer);
-	int *n = &__get_cpu_var(next_interval);
+	int *n = &__get_cpu_var(mce_next_interval);
 
 	if (mce_ignore_ce)
 		return;
···
 	case CPU_DOWN_FAILED:
 	case CPU_DOWN_FAILED_FROZEN:
 		t->expires = round_jiffies(jiffies +
-						__get_cpu_var(next_interval));
+					   __get_cpu_var(mce_next_interval));
 		add_timer_on(t, cpu);
 		smp_call_function_single(cpu, mce_reenable_cpu, &action, 1);
 		break;

arch/x86/kernel/cpu/mcheck/mce_amd.c

···
 	struct threshold_block	*blocks;
 	cpumask_var_t		cpus;
 };
-static DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct threshold_bank *, threshold_banks[NR_BANKS]);
+static DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct threshold_bank * [NR_BANKS], threshold_banks);
 
 #ifdef CONFIG_SMP
 static unsigned char shared_bank[NR_BANKS] = {

arch/x86/kernel/cpu/perf_counter.c

···
 	x86_pmu_disable_counter(hwc, idx);
 }
 
-static DEFINE_PER_CPU(u64, prev_left[X86_PMC_IDX_MAX]);
+static DEFINE_PER_CPU(u64 [X86_PMC_IDX_MAX], pmc_prev_left);
 
 /*
  * Set the next IRQ period, based on the hwc->period_left value.
···
 	if (left > x86_pmu.max_period)
 		left = x86_pmu.max_period;
 
-	per_cpu(prev_left[idx], smp_processor_id()) = left;
+	per_cpu(pmc_prev_left[idx], smp_processor_id()) = left;
 
 	/*
 	 * The hw counter starts counting from this counter offset,
···
 		rdmsrl(x86_pmu.eventsel + idx, pmc_ctrl);
 		rdmsrl(x86_pmu.perfctr  + idx, pmc_count);
 
-		prev_left = per_cpu(prev_left[idx], cpu);
+		prev_left = per_cpu(pmc_prev_left[idx], cpu);
 
 		pr_info("CPU#%d:   gen-PMC%d ctrl:  %016llx\n",
 			cpu, idx, pmc_ctrl);
···
 		entry->ip[entry->nr++] = ip;
 }
 
-static DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct perf_callchain_entry, irq_entry);
-static DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct perf_callchain_entry, nmi_entry);
+static DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct perf_callchain_entry, pmc_irq_entry);
+static DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct perf_callchain_entry, pmc_nmi_entry);
 static DEFINE_PER_CPU(int, in_nmi_frame);
 
 
···
 	struct perf_callchain_entry *entry;
 
 	if (in_nmi())
-		entry = &__get_cpu_var(nmi_entry);
+		entry = &__get_cpu_var(pmc_nmi_entry);
 	else
-		entry = &__get_cpu_var(irq_entry);
+		entry = &__get_cpu_var(pmc_irq_entry);
 
 	entry->nr = 0;
 

arch/x86/kernel/setup_percpu.c

···
 #define PERCPU_FIRST_CHUNK_RESERVE	0
 #endif
 
+#ifdef CONFIG_X86_32
 /**
  * pcpu_need_numa - determine percpu allocation needs to consider NUMA
  *
···
 #endif
 	return false;
 }
+#endif
 
 /**
  * pcpu_alloc_bootmem - NUMA friendly alloc_bootmem wrapper for percpu
···
 }
 
 /*
- * Large page remap allocator
- *
- * This allocator uses PMD page as unit.  A PMD page is allocated for
- * each cpu and each is remapped into vmalloc area using PMD mapping.
- * As PMD page is quite large, only part of it is used for the first
- * chunk.  Unused part is returned to the bootmem allocator.
- *
- * So, the PMD pages are mapped twice - once to the physical mapping
- * and to the vmalloc area for the first percpu chunk.  The double
- * mapping does add one more PMD TLB entry pressure but still is much
- * better than only using 4k mappings while still being NUMA friendly.
+ * Helpers for first chunk memory allocation
  */
+static void * __init pcpu_fc_alloc(unsigned int cpu, size_t size, size_t align)
+{
+	return pcpu_alloc_bootmem(cpu, size, align);
+}
+
+static void __init pcpu_fc_free(void *ptr, size_t size)
+{
+	free_bootmem(__pa(ptr), size);
+}
+
+static int __init pcpu_cpu_distance(unsigned int from, unsigned int to)
+{
 #ifdef CONFIG_NEED_MULTIPLE_NODES
-struct pcpul_ent {
-	unsigned int	cpu;
-	void		*ptr;
-};
-
-static size_t pcpul_size;
-static struct pcpul_ent *pcpul_map;
-static struct vm_struct pcpul_vm;
-
-static struct page * __init pcpul_get_page(unsigned int cpu, int pageno)
-{
-	size_t off = (size_t)pageno << PAGE_SHIFT;
-
-	if (off >= pcpul_size)
-		return NULL;
-
-	return virt_to_page(pcpul_map[cpu].ptr + off);
-}
-
-static ssize_t __init setup_pcpu_lpage(size_t static_size, bool chosen)
-{
-	size_t map_size, dyn_size;
-	unsigned int cpu;
-	int i, j;
-	ssize_t ret;
-
-	if (!chosen) {
-		size_t vm_size = VMALLOC_END - VMALLOC_START;
-		size_t tot_size = nr_cpu_ids * PMD_SIZE;
-
-		/* on non-NUMA, embedding is better */
-		if (!pcpu_need_numa())
-			return -EINVAL;
-
-		/* don't consume more than 20% of vmalloc area */
-		if (tot_size > vm_size / 5) {
-			pr_info("PERCPU: too large chunk size %zuMB for "
-				"large page remap\n", tot_size >> 20);
-			return -EINVAL;
-		}
-	}
-
-	/* need PSE */
-	if (!cpu_has_pse) {
-		pr_warning("PERCPU: lpage allocator requires PSE\n");
-		return -EINVAL;
-	}
-
-	/*
-	 * Currently supports only single page.  Supporting multiple
-	 * pages won't be too difficult if it ever becomes necessary.
-	 */
-	pcpul_size = PFN_ALIGN(static_size + PERCPU_MODULE_RESERVE +
-			       PERCPU_DYNAMIC_RESERVE);
-	if (pcpul_size > PMD_SIZE) {
-		pr_warning("PERCPU: static data is larger than large page, "
-			   "can't use large page\n");
-		return -EINVAL;
-	}
-	dyn_size = pcpul_size - static_size - PERCPU_FIRST_CHUNK_RESERVE;
-
-	/* allocate pointer array and alloc large pages */
-	map_size = PFN_ALIGN(nr_cpu_ids * sizeof(pcpul_map[0]));
-	pcpul_map = alloc_bootmem(map_size);
-
-	for_each_possible_cpu(cpu) {
-		pcpul_map[cpu].cpu = cpu;
-		pcpul_map[cpu].ptr = pcpu_alloc_bootmem(cpu, PMD_SIZE,
-							PMD_SIZE);
-		if (!pcpul_map[cpu].ptr) {
-			pr_warning("PERCPU: failed to allocate large page "
-				   "for cpu%u\n", cpu);
-			goto enomem;
-		}
-
-		/*
-		 * Only use pcpul_size bytes and give back the rest.
-		 *
-		 * Ingo: The 2MB up-rounding bootmem is needed to make
-		 * sure the partial 2MB page is still fully RAM - it's
-		 * not well-specified to have a PAT-incompatible area
-		 * (unmapped RAM, device memory, etc.) in that hole.
-		 */
-		free_bootmem(__pa(pcpul_map[cpu].ptr + pcpul_size),
-			     PMD_SIZE - pcpul_size);
-
-		memcpy(pcpul_map[cpu].ptr, __per_cpu_load, static_size);
-	}
-
-	/* allocate address and map */
-	pcpul_vm.flags = VM_ALLOC;
-	pcpul_vm.size = nr_cpu_ids * PMD_SIZE;
-	vm_area_register_early(&pcpul_vm, PMD_SIZE);
-
-	for_each_possible_cpu(cpu) {
-		pmd_t *pmd, pmd_v;
-
-		pmd = populate_extra_pmd((unsigned long)pcpul_vm.addr +
-					 cpu * PMD_SIZE);
-		pmd_v = pfn_pmd(page_to_pfn(virt_to_page(pcpul_map[cpu].ptr)),
-				PAGE_KERNEL_LARGE);
-		set_pmd(pmd, pmd_v);
-	}
-
-	/* we're ready, commit */
-	pr_info("PERCPU: Remapped at %p with large pages, static data "
-		"%zu bytes\n", pcpul_vm.addr, static_size);
-
-	ret = pcpu_setup_first_chunk(pcpul_get_page, static_size,
-				     PERCPU_FIRST_CHUNK_RESERVE, dyn_size,
-				     PMD_SIZE, pcpul_vm.addr, NULL);
-
-	/* sort pcpul_map array for pcpu_lpage_remapped() */
-	for (i = 0; i < nr_cpu_ids - 1; i++)
-		for (j = i + 1; j < nr_cpu_ids; j++)
-			if (pcpul_map[i].ptr > pcpul_map[j].ptr) {
-				struct pcpul_ent tmp = pcpul_map[i];
-				pcpul_map[i] = pcpul_map[j];
-				pcpul_map[j] = tmp;
-			}
-
-	return ret;
-
-enomem:
-	for_each_possible_cpu(cpu)
-		if (pcpul_map[cpu].ptr)
-			free_bootmem(__pa(pcpul_map[cpu].ptr), pcpul_size);
-	free_bootmem(__pa(pcpul_map), map_size);
-	return -ENOMEM;
-}
-
-/**
- * pcpu_lpage_remapped - determine whether a kaddr is in pcpul recycled area
- * @kaddr: the kernel address in question
- *
- * Determine whether @kaddr falls in the pcpul recycled area.  This is
- * used by pageattr to detect VM aliases and break up the pcpu PMD
- * mapping such that the same physical page is not mapped under
- * different attributes.
- *
- * The recycled area is always at the tail of a partially used PMD
- * page.
- *
- * RETURNS:
- * Address of corresponding remapped pcpu address if match is found;
- * otherwise, NULL.
- */
-void *pcpu_lpage_remapped(void *kaddr)
-{
-	void *pmd_addr = (void *)((unsigned long)kaddr & PMD_MASK);
-	unsigned long offset = (unsigned long)kaddr & ~PMD_MASK;
-	int left = 0, right = nr_cpu_ids - 1;
-	int pos;
-
-	/* pcpul in use at all? */
-	if (!pcpul_map)
-		return NULL;
-
-	/* okay, perform binary search */
-	while (left <= right) {
-		pos = (left + right) / 2;
-
-		if (pcpul_map[pos].ptr < pmd_addr)
-			left = pos + 1;
-		else if (pcpul_map[pos].ptr > pmd_addr)
-			right = pos - 1;
-		else {
-			/* it shouldn't be in the area for the first chunk */
-			WARN_ON(offset < pcpul_size);
-
-			return pcpul_vm.addr +
-				pcpul_map[pos].cpu * PMD_SIZE + offset;
-		}
-	}
-
-	return NULL;
-}
+	if (early_cpu_to_node(from) == early_cpu_to_node(to))
+		return LOCAL_DISTANCE;
+	else
+		return REMOTE_DISTANCE;
 #else
-static ssize_t __init setup_pcpu_lpage(size_t static_size, bool chosen)
-{
-	return -EINVAL;
-}
+	return LOCAL_DISTANCE;
 #endif
-
-/*
- * Embedding allocator
- *
- * The first chunk is sized to just contain the static area plus
- * module and dynamic reserves and embedded into linear physical
- * mapping so that it can use PMD mapping without additional TLB
- * pressure.
- */
-static ssize_t __init setup_pcpu_embed(size_t static_size, bool chosen)
-{
-	size_t reserve = PERCPU_MODULE_RESERVE + PERCPU_DYNAMIC_RESERVE;
-
-	/*
-	 * If large page isn't supported, there's no benefit in doing
-	 * this.  Also, embedding allocation doesn't play well with
-	 * NUMA.
-	 */
-	if (!chosen && (!cpu_has_pse || pcpu_need_numa()))
-		return -EINVAL;
-
-	return pcpu_embed_first_chunk(static_size, PERCPU_FIRST_CHUNK_RESERVE,
-				      reserve - PERCPU_FIRST_CHUNK_RESERVE, -1);
 }
 
-/*
- * 4k page allocator
- *
- * This is the basic allocator.  Static percpu area is allocated
- * page-by-page and most of initialization is done by the generic
- * setup function.
- */
-static struct page **pcpu4k_pages __initdata;
-static int pcpu4k_nr_static_pages __initdata;
-
-static struct page * __init pcpu4k_get_page(unsigned int cpu, int pageno)
-{
-	if (pageno < pcpu4k_nr_static_pages)
-		return pcpu4k_pages[cpu * pcpu4k_nr_static_pages + pageno];
-	return NULL;
-}
-
-static void __init pcpu4k_populate_pte(unsigned long addr)
+static void __init pcpup_populate_pte(unsigned long addr)
 {
 	populate_extra_pte(addr);
 }
-
-static ssize_t __init setup_pcpu_4k(size_t static_size)
-{
-	size_t pages_size;
-	unsigned int cpu;
-	int i, j;
-	ssize_t ret;
-
-	pcpu4k_nr_static_pages = PFN_UP(static_size);
-
-	/* unaligned allocations can't be freed, round up to page size */
-	pages_size = PFN_ALIGN(pcpu4k_nr_static_pages * nr_cpu_ids
-			       * sizeof(pcpu4k_pages[0]));
-	pcpu4k_pages = alloc_bootmem(pages_size);
-
-	/* allocate and copy */
-	j = 0;
-	for_each_possible_cpu(cpu)
-		for (i = 0; i < pcpu4k_nr_static_pages; i++) {
-			void *ptr;
-
-			ptr = pcpu_alloc_bootmem(cpu, PAGE_SIZE, PAGE_SIZE);
-			if (!ptr) {
-				pr_warning("PERCPU: failed to allocate "
-					   "4k page for cpu%u\n", cpu);
-				goto enomem;
-			}
-
-			memcpy(ptr, __per_cpu_load + i * PAGE_SIZE, PAGE_SIZE);
-			pcpu4k_pages[j++] = virt_to_page(ptr);
-		}
-
-	/* we're ready, commit */
-	pr_info("PERCPU: Allocated %d 4k pages, static data %zu bytes\n",
-		pcpu4k_nr_static_pages, static_size);
-
-	ret = pcpu_setup_first_chunk(pcpu4k_get_page, static_size,
-				     PERCPU_FIRST_CHUNK_RESERVE, -1,
-				     -1, NULL, pcpu4k_populate_pte);
-	goto out_free_ar;
-
-enomem:
-	while (--j >= 0)
-		free_bootmem(__pa(page_address(pcpu4k_pages[j])), PAGE_SIZE);
-	ret = -ENOMEM;
-out_free_ar:
-	free_bootmem(__pa(pcpu4k_pages), pages_size);
-	return ret;
-}
-
-/* for explicit first chunk allocator selection */
-static char pcpu_chosen_alloc[16] __initdata;
-
-static int __init percpu_alloc_setup(char *str)
-{
-	strncpy(pcpu_chosen_alloc, str, sizeof(pcpu_chosen_alloc) - 1);
-	return 0;
-}
-early_param("percpu_alloc", percpu_alloc_setup);
 
 static inline void setup_percpu_segment(int cpu)
 {
···
 
 void __init setup_per_cpu_areas(void)
 {
-	size_t static_size = __per_cpu_end - __per_cpu_start;
 	unsigned int cpu;
 	unsigned long delta;
-	size_t pcpu_unit_size;
-	ssize_t ret;
+	int rc;
 
 	pr_info("NR_CPUS:%d nr_cpumask_bits:%d nr_cpu_ids:%d nr_node_ids:%d\n",
 		NR_CPUS, nr_cpumask_bits, nr_cpu_ids, nr_node_ids);
 
 	/*
-	 * Allocate percpu area.  If PSE is supported, try to make use
-	 * of large page mappings.  Please read comments on top of
-	 * each allocator for details.
+	 * Allocate percpu area.  Embedding allocator is our favorite;
+	 * however, on NUMA configurations, it can result in very
+	 * sparse unit mapping and vmalloc area isn't spacious enough
+	 * on 32bit.  Use page in that case.
 	 */
-	ret = -EINVAL;
-	if (strlen(pcpu_chosen_alloc)) {
-		if (strcmp(pcpu_chosen_alloc, "4k")) {
-			if (!strcmp(pcpu_chosen_alloc, "lpage"))
-				ret = setup_pcpu_lpage(static_size, true);
-			else if (!strcmp(pcpu_chosen_alloc, "embed"))
-				ret = setup_pcpu_embed(static_size, true);
-			else
-				pr_warning("PERCPU: unknown allocator %s "
-					   "specified\n", pcpu_chosen_alloc);
-			if (ret < 0)
-				pr_warning("PERCPU: %s allocator failed (%zd), "
-					   "falling back to 4k\n",
-					   pcpu_chosen_alloc, ret);
-		}
-	} else {
-		ret = setup_pcpu_lpage(static_size, false);
-		if (ret < 0)
-			ret = setup_pcpu_embed(static_size, false);
-	}
-	if (ret < 0)
-		ret = setup_pcpu_4k(static_size);
-	if (ret < 0)
-		panic("cannot allocate static percpu area (%zu bytes, err=%zd)",
-		      static_size, ret);
+#ifdef CONFIG_X86_32
+	if (pcpu_chosen_fc == PCPU_FC_AUTO && pcpu_need_numa())
+		pcpu_chosen_fc = PCPU_FC_PAGE;
+#endif
+	rc = -EINVAL;
+	if (pcpu_chosen_fc != PCPU_FC_PAGE) {
+		const size_t atom_size = cpu_has_pse ? PMD_SIZE : PAGE_SIZE;
+		const size_t dyn_size = PERCPU_MODULE_RESERVE +
+			PERCPU_DYNAMIC_RESERVE - PERCPU_FIRST_CHUNK_RESERVE;
 
-	pcpu_unit_size = ret;
+		rc = pcpu_embed_first_chunk(PERCPU_FIRST_CHUNK_RESERVE,
+					    dyn_size, atom_size,
+					    pcpu_cpu_distance,
+					    pcpu_fc_alloc, pcpu_fc_free);
+		if (rc < 0)
+			pr_warning("PERCPU: %s allocator failed (%d), "
+				   "falling back to page size\n",
+				   pcpu_fc_names[pcpu_chosen_fc], rc);
+	}
+	if (rc < 0)
+		rc = pcpu_page_first_chunk(PERCPU_FIRST_CHUNK_RESERVE,
+					   pcpu_fc_alloc, pcpu_fc_free,
+					   pcpup_populate_pte);
+	if (rc < 0)
+		panic("cannot initialize percpu area (err=%d)", rc);
 
 	/* alrighty, percpu areas up and running */
 	delta = (unsigned long)pcpu_base_addr - (unsigned long)__per_cpu_start;
 	for_each_possible_cpu(cpu) {
-		per_cpu_offset(cpu) = delta + cpu * pcpu_unit_size;
+		per_cpu_offset(cpu) = delta + pcpu_unit_offsets[cpu];
 		per_cpu(this_cpu_off, cpu) = per_cpu_offset(cpu);
 		per_cpu(cpu_number, cpu) = cpu;
 		setup_percpu_segment(cpu);

arch/x86/kernel/vmlinux.lds.S

···
 		_end = .;
 	}
 
-	/* Sections to be discarded */
-	/DISCARD/ : {
-		*(.exitcall.exit)
-		*(.eh_frame)
-		*(.discard)
-	}
-
         STABS_DEBUG
         DWARF_DEBUG
+
+	/* Sections to be discarded */
+	DISCARDS
+	/DISCARD/ : { *(.eh_frame) }
 }
 
 

arch/x86/mm/pageattr.c

···
 #include <linux/seq_file.h>
 #include <linux/debugfs.h>
 #include <linux/pfn.h>
+#include <linux/percpu.h>
 
 #include <asm/e820.h>
 #include <asm/processor.h>
···
 {
 	struct cpa_data alias_cpa;
 	unsigned long laddr = (unsigned long)__va(cpa->pfn << PAGE_SHIFT);
-	unsigned long vaddr, remapped;
+	unsigned long vaddr;
 	int ret;
 
 	if (cpa->pfn >= max_pfn_mapped)
···
 		__change_page_attr_set_clr(&alias_cpa, 0);
 	}
 #endif
-
-	/*
-	 * If the PMD page was partially used for per-cpu remapping,
-	 * the recycled area needs to be split and modified.  Because
-	 * the area is always proper subset of a PMD page
-	 * cpa->numpages is guaranteed to be 1 for these areas, so
-	 * there's no need to loop over and check for further remaps.
-	 */
-	remapped = (unsigned long)pcpu_lpage_remapped((void *)laddr);
-	if (remapped) {
-		WARN_ON(cpa->numpages > 1);
-		alias_cpa = *cpa;
-		alias_cpa.vaddr = &remapped;
-		alias_cpa.flags &= ~(CPA_PAGES_ARRAY | CPA_ARRAY);
-		ret = __change_page_attr_set_clr(&alias_cpa, 0);
-		if (ret)
-			return ret;
-	}
 
 	return 0;
 }

arch/xtensa/kernel/vmlinux.lds.S

···
     *(.ResetVector.text)
   }
 
-  /* Sections to be discarded */
-  /DISCARD/ :
-  {
-	*(.exit.literal)
-	EXIT_TEXT
-	EXIT_DATA
-        *(.exitcall.exit)
-  }
-
   .xt.lit : { *(.xt.lit) }
   .xt.prop : { *(.xt.prop) }
 
···
     *(.xt.lit)
     *(.gnu.linkonce.p*)
   }
+
+  /* Sections to be discarded */
+  DISCARDS
+  /DISCARD/ : { *(.exit.literal) }
 }

block/as-iosched.c

···
 #define RQ_STATE(rq)	((enum arq_state)(rq)->elevator_private2)
 #define RQ_SET_STATE(rq, state)	((rq)->elevator_private2 = (void *) state)
 
-static DEFINE_PER_CPU(unsigned long, ioc_count);
+static DEFINE_PER_CPU(unsigned long, as_ioc_count);
 static struct completion *ioc_gone;
 static DEFINE_SPINLOCK(ioc_gone_lock);
 
···
 static void free_as_io_context(struct as_io_context *aic)
 {
 	kfree(aic);
-	elv_ioc_count_dec(ioc_count);
+	elv_ioc_count_dec(as_ioc_count);
 	if (ioc_gone) {
 		/*
 		 * AS scheduler is exiting, grab exit lock and check
···
 		 * complete ioc_gone and set it back to NULL.
 		 */
 		spin_lock(&ioc_gone_lock);
-		if (ioc_gone && !elv_ioc_count_read(ioc_count)) {
+		if (ioc_gone && !elv_ioc_count_read(as_ioc_count)) {
 			complete(ioc_gone);
 			ioc_gone = NULL;
 		}
···
 		ret->seek_total = 0;
 		ret->seek_samples = 0;
 		ret->seek_mean = 0;
-		elv_ioc_count_inc(ioc_count);
+		elv_ioc_count_inc(as_ioc_count);
 	}
 
 	return ret;
···
 	ioc_gone = &all_gone;
 	/* ioc_gone's update must be visible before reading ioc_count */
 	smp_wmb();
-	if (elv_ioc_count_read(ioc_count))
+	if (elv_ioc_count_read(as_ioc_count))
 		wait_for_completion(&all_gone);
 	synchronize_rcu();
 }

block/cfq-iosched.c

···
 static struct kmem_cache *cfq_pool;
 static struct kmem_cache *cfq_ioc_pool;
 
-static DEFINE_PER_CPU(unsigned long, ioc_count);
+static DEFINE_PER_CPU(unsigned long, cfq_ioc_count);
 static struct completion *ioc_gone;
 static DEFINE_SPINLOCK(ioc_gone_lock);
 
···
 	cic = container_of(head, struct cfq_io_context, rcu_head);
 
 	kmem_cache_free(cfq_ioc_pool, cic);
-	elv_ioc_count_dec(ioc_count);
+	elv_ioc_count_dec(cfq_ioc_count);
 
 	if (ioc_gone) {
 		/*
···
 		 * complete ioc_gone and set it back to NULL
 		 */
 		spin_lock(&ioc_gone_lock);
-		if (ioc_gone && !elv_ioc_count_read(ioc_count)) {
+		if (ioc_gone && !elv_ioc_count_read(cfq_ioc_count)) {
 			complete(ioc_gone);
 			ioc_gone = NULL;
 		}
···
 		INIT_HLIST_NODE(&cic->cic_list);
 		cic->dtor = cfq_free_io_context;
 		cic->exit = cfq_exit_io_context;
-		elv_ioc_count_inc(ioc_count);
+		elv_ioc_count_inc(cfq_ioc_count);
 	}
 
 	return cic;
···
 	 * this also protects us from entering cfq_slab_kill() with
 	 * pending RCU callbacks
 	 */
-	if (elv_ioc_count_read(ioc_count))
+	if (elv_ioc_count_read(cfq_ioc_count))
 		wait_for_completion(&all_gone);
 	cfq_slab_kill();
 }

drivers/cpufreq/cpufreq_conservative.c

···
 	 */
 	struct mutex timer_mutex;
 };
-static DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct cpu_dbs_info_s, cpu_dbs_info);
+static DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct cpu_dbs_info_s, cs_cpu_dbs_info);
 
 static unsigned int dbs_enable;	/* number of CPUs using this policy */
 
···
 		     void *data)
 {
 	struct cpufreq_freqs *freq = data;
-	struct cpu_dbs_info_s *this_dbs_info = &per_cpu(cpu_dbs_info,
+	struct cpu_dbs_info_s *this_dbs_info = &per_cpu(cs_cpu_dbs_info,
 							freq->cpu);
 
 	struct cpufreq_policy *policy;
···
 	/* we need to re-evaluate prev_cpu_idle */
 	for_each_online_cpu(j) {
 		struct cpu_dbs_info_s *dbs_info;
-		dbs_info = &per_cpu(cpu_dbs_info, j);
+		dbs_info = &per_cpu(cs_cpu_dbs_info, j);
 		dbs_info->prev_cpu_idle = get_cpu_idle_time(j,
 						&dbs_info->prev_cpu_wall);
 		if (dbs_tuners_ins.ignore_nice)
···
 		cputime64_t cur_wall_time, cur_idle_time;
 		unsigned int idle_time, wall_time;
 
-		j_dbs_info = &per_cpu(cpu_dbs_info, j);
+		j_dbs_info = &per_cpu(cs_cpu_dbs_info, j);
 
 		cur_idle_time = get_cpu_idle_time(j, &cur_wall_time);
 
···
 	unsigned int j;
 	int rc;
 
-	this_dbs_info = &per_cpu(cpu_dbs_info, cpu);
+	this_dbs_info = &per_cpu(cs_cpu_dbs_info, cpu);
 
 	switch (event) {
 	case CPUFREQ_GOV_START:
···
 
 		for_each_cpu(j, policy->cpus) {
 			struct cpu_dbs_info_s *j_dbs_info;
-			j_dbs_info = &per_cpu(cpu_dbs_info, j);
+			j_dbs_info = &per_cpu(cs_cpu_dbs_info, j);
 			j_dbs_info->cur_policy = policy;
 
 			j_dbs_info->prev_cpu_idle = get_cpu_idle_time(j,

drivers/cpufreq/cpufreq_ondemand.c

···
 	 */
 	struct mutex timer_mutex;
 };
-static DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct cpu_dbs_info_s, cpu_dbs_info);
+static DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct cpu_dbs_info_s, od_cpu_dbs_info);
 
 static unsigned int dbs_enable;	/* number of CPUs using this policy */
 
···
 	unsigned int freq_hi, freq_lo;
 	unsigned int index = 0;
 	unsigned int jiffies_total, jiffies_hi, jiffies_lo;
-	struct cpu_dbs_info_s *dbs_info = &per_cpu(cpu_dbs_info, policy->cpu);
+	struct cpu_dbs_info_s *dbs_info = &per_cpu(od_cpu_dbs_info,
+						   policy->cpu);
 
 	if (!dbs_info->freq_table) {
 		dbs_info->freq_lo = 0;
···
 
 static void ondemand_powersave_bias_init_cpu(int cpu)
 {
-	struct cpu_dbs_info_s *dbs_info = &per_cpu(cpu_dbs_info, cpu);
+	struct cpu_dbs_info_s *dbs_info = &per_cpu(od_cpu_dbs_info, cpu);
 	dbs_info->freq_table = cpufreq_frequency_get_table(cpu);
 	dbs_info->freq_lo = 0;
 }
···
 	/* we need to re-evaluate prev_cpu_idle */
 	for_each_online_cpu(j) {
 		struct cpu_dbs_info_s *dbs_info;
-		dbs_info = &per_cpu(cpu_dbs_info, j);
+		dbs_info = &per_cpu(od_cpu_dbs_info, j);
 		dbs_info->prev_cpu_idle = get_cpu_idle_time(j,
 						&dbs_info->prev_cpu_wall);
 		if (dbs_tuners_ins.ignore_nice)
···
 		unsigned int load, load_freq;
 		int freq_avg;
 
-		j_dbs_info = &per_cpu(cpu_dbs_info, j);
+		j_dbs_info = &per_cpu(od_cpu_dbs_info, j);
 
 		cur_idle_time = get_cpu_idle_time(j, &cur_wall_time);
 
···
 	unsigned int j;
 	int rc;
 
-	this_dbs_info = &per_cpu(cpu_dbs_info, cpu);
+	this_dbs_info = &per_cpu(od_cpu_dbs_info, cpu);
 
 	switch (event) {
 	case CPUFREQ_GOV_START:
···
 		dbs_enable++;
 		for_each_cpu(j, policy->cpus) {
 			struct cpu_dbs_info_s *j_dbs_info;
-			j_dbs_info = &per_cpu(cpu_dbs_info, j);
+			j_dbs_info = &per_cpu(od_cpu_dbs_info, j);
 			j_dbs_info->cur_policy = policy;
 
 			j_dbs_info->prev_cpu_idle = get_cpu_idle_time(j,

drivers/xen/events.c

···
 static DEFINE_SPINLOCK(irq_mapping_update_lock);
 
 /* IRQ <-> VIRQ mapping. */
-static DEFINE_PER_CPU(int, virq_to_irq[NR_VIRQS]) = {[0 ... NR_VIRQS-1] = -1};
+static DEFINE_PER_CPU(int [NR_VIRQS], virq_to_irq) = {[0 ... NR_VIRQS-1] = -1};
 
 /* IRQ <-> IPI mapping */
-static DEFINE_PER_CPU(int, ipi_to_irq[XEN_NR_IPIS]) = {[0 ... XEN_NR_IPIS-1] = -1};
+static DEFINE_PER_CPU(int [XEN_NR_IPIS], ipi_to_irq) = {[0 ... XEN_NR_IPIS-1] = -1};
 
 /* Interrupt types. */
 enum xen_irq_type {
···
 	return IRQ_HANDLED;
 }
 
+static DEFINE_PER_CPU(unsigned, xed_nesting_count);
+
 /*
  * Search the CPUs pending events bitmasks.  For each one found, map
  * the event number to an irq, and feed it into do_IRQ() for
···
 	struct pt_regs *old_regs = set_irq_regs(regs);
 	struct shared_info *s = HYPERVISOR_shared_info;
 	struct vcpu_info *vcpu_info = __get_cpu_var(xen_vcpu);
-	static DEFINE_PER_CPU(unsigned, nesting_count);
  	unsigned count;
 
 	exit_idle();
···
 
 		vcpu_info->evtchn_upcall_pending = 0;
 
-		if (__get_cpu_var(nesting_count)++)
+		if (__get_cpu_var(xed_nesting_count)++)
 			goto out;
 
 #ifndef CONFIG_X86 /* No need for a barrier -- XCHG is a barrier on x86. */
···
 
 		BUG_ON(!irqs_disabled());
 
-		count = __get_cpu_var(nesting_count);
-		__get_cpu_var(nesting_count) = 0;
+		count = __get_cpu_var(xed_nesting_count);
+		__get_cpu_var(xed_nesting_count) = 0;
 	} while(count != 1);
 
 out:

include/asm-generic/vmlinux.lds.h

···
  *	BSS_SECTION(0, 0, 0)
  *	_end = .;
  *
- *	/DISCARD/ : {
- *		EXIT_TEXT
- *		EXIT_DATA
- *		EXIT_CALL
- *	}
  *	STABS_DEBUG
  *	DWARF_DEBUG
+ *
+ *	DISCARDS		// must be the last
  * }
  *
  * [__init_begin, __init_end] is the init section that may be freed after init
···
 #else
 #define INIT_RAM_FS
 #endif
+
+/*
+ * Default discarded sections.
+ *
+ * Some archs want to discard exit text/data at runtime rather than
+ * link time due to cross-section references such as alt instructions,
+ * bug table, eh_frame, etc.  DISCARDS must be the last of output
+ * section definitions so that such archs put those in earlier section
+ * definitions.
+ */
+#define DISCARDS							\
+	/DISCARD/ : {							\
+	EXIT_TEXT							\
+	EXIT_DATA							\
+	EXIT_CALL							\
+	*(.discard)							\
+	}
 
 /**
  * PERCPU_VADDR - define output section for percpu area

include/linux/percpu-defs.h

···
 /*
  * Base implementations of per-CPU variable declarations and definitions, where
  * the section in which the variable is to be placed is provided by the
- * 'section' argument.  This may be used to affect the parameters governing the
+ * 'sec' argument.  This may be used to affect the parameters governing the
  * variable's storage.
  *
  * NOTE!  The sections for the DECLARE and for the DEFINE must match, lest
  * linkage errors occur due the compiler generating the wrong code to access
  * that section.
  */
-#define DECLARE_PER_CPU_SECTION(type, name, section)			\
-	extern								\
-	__attribute__((__section__(PER_CPU_BASE_SECTION section)))	\
-	PER_CPU_ATTRIBUTES __typeof__(type) per_cpu__##name
+#define __PCPU_ATTRS(sec)						\
+	__attribute__((section(PER_CPU_BASE_SECTION sec)))		\
+	PER_CPU_ATTRIBUTES
 
-#define DEFINE_PER_CPU_SECTION(type, name, section)			\
-	__attribute__((__section__(PER_CPU_BASE_SECTION section)))	\
-	PER_CPU_ATTRIBUTES PER_CPU_DEF_ATTRIBUTES			\
+#define __PCPU_DUMMY_ATTRS						\
+	__attribute__((section(".discard"), unused))
+
+/*
+ * s390 and alpha modules require percpu variables to be defined as
+ * weak to force the compiler to generate GOT based external
+ * references for them.  This is necessary because percpu sections
+ * will be located outside of the usually addressable area.
+ *
+ * This definition puts the following two extra restrictions when
+ * defining percpu variables.
+ *
+ * 1. The symbol must be globally unique, even the static ones.
+ * 2. Static percpu variables cannot be defined inside a function.
+ *
+ * Archs which need weak percpu definitions should define
+ * ARCH_NEEDS_WEAK_PER_CPU in asm/percpu.h when necessary.
+ *
+ * To ensure that the generic code observes the above two
+ * restrictions, if CONFIG_DEBUG_FORCE_WEAK_PER_CPU is set weak
+ * definition is used for all cases.
+ */
+#if defined(ARCH_NEEDS_WEAK_PER_CPU) || defined(CONFIG_DEBUG_FORCE_WEAK_PER_CPU)
+/*
+ * __pcpu_scope_* dummy variable is used to enforce scope.  It
+ * receives the static modifier when it's used in front of
+ * DEFINE_PER_CPU() and will trigger build failure if
+ * DECLARE_PER_CPU() is used for the same variable.
+ *
+ * __pcpu_unique_* dummy variable is used to enforce symbol uniqueness
+ * such that hidden weak symbol collision, which will cause unrelated
+ * variables to share the same address, can be detected during build.
+ */
+#define DECLARE_PER_CPU_SECTION(type, name, sec)			\
+	extern __PCPU_DUMMY_ATTRS char __pcpu_scope_##name;		\
+	extern __PCPU_ATTRS(sec) __typeof__(type) per_cpu__##name
+
+#define DEFINE_PER_CPU_SECTION(type, name, sec)				\
+	__PCPU_DUMMY_ATTRS char __pcpu_scope_##name;			\
+	__PCPU_DUMMY_ATTRS char __pcpu_unique_##name;			\
+	__PCPU_ATTRS(sec) PER_CPU_DEF_ATTRIBUTES __weak			\
 	__typeof__(type) per_cpu__##name
+#else
+/*
+ * Normal declaration and definition macros.
+ */
+#define DECLARE_PER_CPU_SECTION(type, name, sec)			\
+	extern __PCPU_ATTRS(sec) __typeof__(type) per_cpu__##name
+
+#define DEFINE_PER_CPU_SECTION(type, name, sec)				\
+	__PCPU_ATTRS(sec) PER_CPU_DEF_ATTRIBUTES			\
+	__typeof__(type) per_cpu__##name
+#endif
 
 /*
  * Variant on the per-CPU variable declaration/definition theme used for

include/linux/percpu.h

···
 
 #ifdef CONFIG_SMP
 
-#ifdef CONFIG_HAVE_DYNAMIC_PER_CPU_AREA
+#ifndef CONFIG_HAVE_LEGACY_PER_CPU_AREA
 
 /* minimum unit size, also is the maximum supported allocation size */
 #define PCPU_MIN_UNIT_SIZE		PFN_ALIGN(64 << 10)
···
 #endif
 
 extern void *pcpu_base_addr;
+extern const unsigned long *pcpu_unit_offsets;
 
-typedef struct page * (*pcpu_get_page_fn_t)(unsigned int cpu, int pageno);
-typedef void (*pcpu_populate_pte_fn_t)(unsigned long addr);
+struct pcpu_group_info {
+	int			nr_units;	/* aligned # of units */
+	unsigned long		base_offset;	/* base address offset */
+	unsigned int		*cpu_map;	/* unit->cpu map, empty
+						 * entries contain NR_CPUS */
+};
 
-extern size_t __init pcpu_setup_first_chunk(pcpu_get_page_fn_t get_page_fn,
-				size_t static_size, size_t reserved_size,
-				ssize_t dyn_size, ssize_t unit_size,
-				void *base_addr,
-				pcpu_populate_pte_fn_t populate_pte_fn);
+struct pcpu_alloc_info {
+	size_t			static_size;
+	size_t			reserved_size;
+	size_t			dyn_size;
+	size_t			unit_size;
+	size_t			atom_size;
+	size_t			alloc_size;
+	size_t			__ai_size;	/* internal, don't use */
+	int			nr_groups;	/* 0 if grouping unnecessary */
+	struct pcpu_group_info	groups[];
+};
 
-extern ssize_t __init pcpu_embed_first_chunk(
-				size_t static_size, size_t reserved_size,
-				ssize_t dyn_size, ssize_t unit_size);
+enum pcpu_fc {
+	PCPU_FC_AUTO,
+	PCPU_FC_EMBED,
+	PCPU_FC_PAGE,
+
+	PCPU_FC_NR,
+};
+extern const char *pcpu_fc_names[PCPU_FC_NR];
+
+extern enum pcpu_fc pcpu_chosen_fc;
+
+typedef void * (*pcpu_fc_alloc_fn_t)(unsigned int cpu, size_t size,
+				     size_t align);
+typedef void (*pcpu_fc_free_fn_t)(void *ptr, size_t size);
+typedef void (*pcpu_fc_populate_pte_fn_t)(unsigned long addr);
+typedef int (pcpu_fc_cpu_distance_fn_t)(unsigned int from, unsigned int to);
+
+extern struct pcpu_alloc_info * __init pcpu_alloc_alloc_info(int nr_groups,
+							     int nr_units);
+extern void __init pcpu_free_alloc_info(struct pcpu_alloc_info *ai);
+
+extern struct pcpu_alloc_info * __init pcpu_build_alloc_info(
+				size_t reserved_size, ssize_t dyn_size,
+				size_t atom_size,
+				pcpu_fc_cpu_distance_fn_t cpu_distance_fn);
+
+extern int __init pcpu_setup_first_chunk(const struct pcpu_alloc_info *ai,
+					 void *base_addr);
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_NEED_PER_CPU_EMBED_FIRST_CHUNK
+extern int __init pcpu_embed_first_chunk(size_t reserved_size, ssize_t dyn_size,
+				size_t atom_size,
+				pcpu_fc_cpu_distance_fn_t cpu_distance_fn,
+				pcpu_fc_alloc_fn_t alloc_fn,
+				pcpu_fc_free_fn_t free_fn);
+#endif
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_NEED_PER_CPU_PAGE_FIRST_CHUNK
+extern int __init pcpu_page_first_chunk(size_t reserved_size,
+				pcpu_fc_alloc_fn_t alloc_fn,
+				pcpu_fc_free_fn_t free_fn,
+				pcpu_fc_populate_pte_fn_t populate_pte_fn);
+#endif
 
 /*
  * Use this to get to a cpu's version of the per-cpu object
···
 
 extern void *__alloc_reserved_percpu(size_t size, size_t align);
 
-#else /* CONFIG_HAVE_DYNAMIC_PER_CPU_AREA */
+#else /* CONFIG_HAVE_LEGACY_PER_CPU_AREA */
 
 struct percpu_data {
 	void *ptrs[1];
···
         (__typeof__(ptr))__p->ptrs[(cpu)];				\
 })
 
-#endif /* CONFIG_HAVE_DYNAMIC_PER_CPU_AREA */
+#endif /* CONFIG_HAVE_LEGACY_PER_CPU_AREA */
 
 extern void *__alloc_percpu(size_t size, size_t align);
 extern void free_percpu(void *__pdata);
+
+#ifndef CONFIG_HAVE_SETUP_PER_CPU_AREA
+extern void __init setup_per_cpu_areas(void);
+#endif
 
 #else /* CONFIG_SMP */
 
···
 static inline void free_percpu(void *p)
 {
 	kfree(p);
+}
+
+static inline void __init setup_per_cpu_areas(void) { }
+
+static inline void *pcpu_lpage_remapped(void *kaddr)
+{
+	return NULL;
 }
 
 #endif /* CONFIG_SMP */

include/linux/vmalloc.h

···
 extern struct vm_struct *vmlist;
 extern __init void vm_area_register_early(struct vm_struct *vm, size_t align);
 
+struct vm_struct **pcpu_get_vm_areas(const unsigned long *offsets,
+				     const size_t *sizes, int nr_vms,
+				     size_t align, gfp_t gfp_mask);
+
+void pcpu_free_vm_areas(struct vm_struct **vms, int nr_vms);
+
 #endif /* _LINUX_VMALLOC_H */

init/main.c

···
 #define smp_init()	do { } while (0)
 #endif
 
-static inline void setup_per_cpu_areas(void) { }
 static inline void setup_nr_cpu_ids(void) { }
 static inline void smp_prepare_cpus(unsigned int maxcpus) { }
 
···
 {
 	nr_cpu_ids = find_last_bit(cpumask_bits(cpu_possible_mask),NR_CPUS) + 1;
 }
-
-#ifndef CONFIG_HAVE_SETUP_PER_CPU_AREA
-unsigned long __per_cpu_offset[NR_CPUS] __read_mostly;
-
-EXPORT_SYMBOL(__per_cpu_offset);
-
-static void __init setup_per_cpu_areas(void)
-{
-	unsigned long size, i;
-	char *ptr;
-	unsigned long nr_possible_cpus = num_possible_cpus();
-
-	/* Copy section for each CPU (we discard the original) */
-	size = ALIGN(PERCPU_ENOUGH_ROOM, PAGE_SIZE);
-	ptr = alloc_bootmem_pages(size * nr_possible_cpus);
-
-	for_each_possible_cpu(i) {
-		__per_cpu_offset[i] = ptr - __per_cpu_start;
-		memcpy(ptr, __per_cpu_start, __per_cpu_end - __per_cpu_start);
-		ptr += size;
-	}
-}
-#endif /* CONFIG_HAVE_SETUP_PER_CPU_AREA */
 
 /* Called by boot processor to activate the rest. */
 static void __init smp_init(void)

kernel/module.c

···
 
 #ifdef CONFIG_SMP
 
-#ifdef CONFIG_HAVE_DYNAMIC_PER_CPU_AREA
+#ifndef CONFIG_HAVE_LEGACY_PER_CPU_AREA
 
 static void *percpu_modalloc(unsigned long size, unsigned long align,
 			     const char *name)
···
 	free_percpu(freeme);
 }
 
-#else /* ... !CONFIG_HAVE_DYNAMIC_PER_CPU_AREA */
+#else /* ... CONFIG_HAVE_LEGACY_PER_CPU_AREA */
 
 /* Number of blocks used and allocated. */
 static unsigned int pcpu_num_used, pcpu_num_allocated;
···
 }
 __initcall(percpu_modinit);
 
-#endif /* CONFIG_HAVE_DYNAMIC_PER_CPU_AREA */
+#endif /* CONFIG_HAVE_LEGACY_PER_CPU_AREA */
 
 static unsigned int find_pcpusec(Elf_Ehdr *hdr,
 				 Elf_Shdr *sechdrs,

kernel/perf_counter.c

···
 
 void __weak perf_counter_print_debug(void)	{ }
 
-static DEFINE_PER_CPU(int, disable_count);
+static DEFINE_PER_CPU(int, perf_disable_count);
 
 void __perf_disable(void)
 {
-	__get_cpu_var(disable_count)++;
+	__get_cpu_var(perf_disable_count)++;
 }
 
 bool __perf_enable(void)
 {
-	return !--__get_cpu_var(disable_count);
+	return !--__get_cpu_var(perf_disable_count);
 }
 
 void perf_disable(void)

kernel/sched.c

···
 /* Default task group's sched entity on each cpu */
 static DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct sched_entity, init_sched_entity);
 /* Default task group's cfs_rq on each cpu */
-static DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct cfs_rq, init_tg_cfs_rq) ____cacheline_aligned_in_smp;
+static DEFINE_PER_CPU_SHARED_ALIGNED(struct cfs_rq, init_tg_cfs_rq);
 #endif /* CONFIG_FAIR_GROUP_SCHED */
 
 #ifdef CONFIG_RT_GROUP_SCHED
 static DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct sched_rt_entity, init_sched_rt_entity);
-static DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct rt_rq, init_rt_rq) ____cacheline_aligned_in_smp;
+static DEFINE_PER_CPU_SHARED_ALIGNED(struct rt_rq, init_rt_rq);
 #endif /* CONFIG_RT_GROUP_SCHED */
 #else /* !CONFIG_USER_SCHED */
 #define root_task_group init_task_group

kernel/trace/trace_events.c

···
 
 #ifdef CONFIG_FUNCTION_TRACER
 
-static DEFINE_PER_CPU(atomic_t, test_event_disable);
+static DEFINE_PER_CPU(atomic_t, ftrace_test_event_disable);
 
 static void
 function_test_events_call(unsigned long ip, unsigned long parent_ip)
···
 	pc = preempt_count();
 	resched = ftrace_preempt_disable();
 	cpu = raw_smp_processor_id();
-	disabled = atomic_inc_return(&per_cpu(test_event_disable, cpu));
+	disabled = atomic_inc_return(&per_cpu(ftrace_test_event_disable, cpu));
 
 	if (disabled != 1)
 		goto out;
···
 	trace_nowake_buffer_unlock_commit(buffer, event, flags, pc);
 
  out:
-	atomic_dec(&per_cpu(test_event_disable, cpu));
+	atomic_dec(&per_cpu(ftrace_test_event_disable, cpu));
 	ftrace_preempt_enable(resched);
 }
 

lib/Kconfig.debug

···
 
 	  Say N if you are unsure.
 
+config DEBUG_FORCE_WEAK_PER_CPU
+	bool "Force weak per-cpu definitions"
+	depends on DEBUG_KERNEL
+	help
+	  s390 and alpha require percpu variables in modules to be
+	  defined weak to work around addressing range issue which
+	  puts the following two restrictions on percpu variable
+	  definitions.
+
+	  1. percpu symbols must be unique whether static or not
+	  2. percpu variables can't be defined inside a function
+
+	  To ensure that generic code follows the above rules, this
+	  option forces all percpu variables to be defined as weak.
+
 config LKDTM
 	tristate "Linux Kernel Dump Test Tool Module"
 	depends on DEBUG_KERNEL

mm/Makefile

···
 obj-$(CONFIG_MEMORY_HOTPLUG) += memory_hotplug.o
 obj-$(CONFIG_FS_XIP) += filemap_xip.o
 obj-$(CONFIG_MIGRATION) += migrate.o
-ifdef CONFIG_HAVE_DYNAMIC_PER_CPU_AREA
+ifndef CONFIG_HAVE_LEGACY_PER_CPU_AREA
 obj-$(CONFIG_SMP) += percpu.o
 else
 obj-$(CONFIG_SMP) += allocpercpu.o

mm/allocpercpu.c

···
  */
 #include <linux/mm.h>
 #include <linux/module.h>
+#include <linux/bootmem.h>
+#include <asm/sections.h>
 
 #ifndef cache_line_size
 #define cache_line_size()	L1_CACHE_BYTES
···
 	kfree(__percpu_disguise(__pdata));
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(free_percpu);
+
+/*
+ * Generic percpu area setup.
+ */
+#ifndef CONFIG_HAVE_SETUP_PER_CPU_AREA
+unsigned long __per_cpu_offset[NR_CPUS] __read_mostly;
+
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(__per_cpu_offset);
+
+void __init setup_per_cpu_areas(void)
+{
+	unsigned long size, i;
+	char *ptr;
+	unsigned long nr_possible_cpus = num_possible_cpus();
+
+	/* Copy section for each CPU (we discard the original) */
+	size = ALIGN(PERCPU_ENOUGH_ROOM, PAGE_SIZE);
+	ptr = alloc_bootmem_pages(size * nr_possible_cpus);
+
+	for_each_possible_cpu(i) {
+		__per_cpu_offset[i] = ptr - __per_cpu_start;
+		memcpy(ptr, __per_cpu_start, __per_cpu_end - __per_cpu_start);
+		ptr += size;
+	}
+}
+#endif /* CONFIG_HAVE_SETUP_PER_CPU_AREA */

mm/kmemleak-test.c

···
 };
 
 static LIST_HEAD(test_list);
-static DEFINE_PER_CPU(void *, test_pointer);
+static DEFINE_PER_CPU(void *, kmemleak_test_pointer);
 
 /*
  * Some very simple testing. This function needs to be extended for
···
 	}
 
 	for_each_possible_cpu(i) {
-		per_cpu(test_pointer, i) = kmalloc(129, GFP_KERNEL);
+		per_cpu(kmemleak_test_pointer, i) = kmalloc(129, GFP_KERNEL);
 		pr_info("kmemleak: kmalloc(129) = %p\n",
-			per_cpu(test_pointer, i));
+			per_cpu(kmemleak_test_pointer, i));
 	}
 
 	return 0;

mm/page-writeback.c

···
 	}
 }
 
+static DEFINE_PER_CPU(unsigned long, bdp_ratelimits) = 0;
+
 /**
  * balance_dirty_pages_ratelimited_nr - balance dirty memory state
  * @mapping: address_space which was dirtied
···
 void balance_dirty_pages_ratelimited_nr(struct address_space *mapping,
 					unsigned long nr_pages_dirtied)
 {
-	static DEFINE_PER_CPU(unsigned long, ratelimits) = 0;
 	unsigned long ratelimit;
 	unsigned long *p;
 
···
 	 * tasks in balance_dirty_pages(). Period.
 	 */
 	preempt_disable();
-	p =  &__get_cpu_var(ratelimits);
+	p =  &__get_cpu_var(bdp_ratelimits);
 	*p += nr_pages_dirtied;
 	if (unlikely(*p >= ratelimit)) {
 		*p = 0;

mm/percpu.c

···
  *
  * This is percpu allocator which can handle both static and dynamic
  * areas.  Percpu areas are allocated in chunks in vmalloc area.  Each
- * chunk is consisted of nr_cpu_ids units and the first chunk is used
- * for static percpu variables in the kernel image (special boot time
- * alloc/init handling necessary as these areas need to be brought up
- * before allocation services are running).  Unit grows as necessary
- * and all units grow or shrink in unison.  When a chunk is filled up,
- * another chunk is allocated.  ie. in vmalloc area
+ * chunk is consisted of boot-time determined number of units and the
+ * first chunk is used for static percpu variables in the kernel image
+ * (special boot time alloc/init handling necessary as these areas
+ * need to be brought up before allocation services are running).
+ * Unit grows as necessary and all units grow or shrink in unison.
+ * When a chunk is filled up, another chunk is allocated.  ie. in
+ * vmalloc area
  *
  *  c0                           c1                         c2
  *  -------------------          -------------------        ------------
···
  *
  * Allocation is done in offset-size areas of single unit space.  Ie,
  * an area of 512 bytes at 6k in c1 occupies 512 bytes at 6k of c1:u0,
- * c1:u1, c1:u2 and c1:u3.  Percpu access can be done by configuring
- * percpu base registers pcpu_unit_size apart.
+ * c1:u1, c1:u2 and c1:u3.  On UMA, units corresponds directly to
+ * cpus.  On NUMA, the mapping can be non-linear and even sparse.
+ * Percpu access can be done by configuring percpu base registers
+ * according to cpu to unit mapping and pcpu_unit_size.
  *
- * There are usually many small percpu allocations many of them as
- * small as 4 bytes.  The allocator organizes chunks into lists
+ * There are usually many small percpu allocations many of them being
+ * as small as 4 bytes.  The allocator organizes chunks into lists
  * according to free size and tries to allocate from the fullest one.
  * Each chunk keeps the maximum contiguous area size hint which is
  * guaranteed to be eqaul to or larger than the maximum contiguous
···
  *
  * To use this allocator, arch code should do the followings.
  *
- * - define CONFIG_HAVE_DYNAMIC_PER_CPU_AREA
+ * - drop CONFIG_HAVE_LEGACY_PER_CPU_AREA
  *
  * - define __addr_to_pcpu_ptr() and __pcpu_ptr_to_addr() to translate
  *   regular address to percpu pointer and back if they need to be
···
 
 #include <linux/bitmap.h>
 #include <linux/bootmem.h>
+#include <linux/err.h>
 #include <linux/list.h>
+#include <linux/log2.h>
 #include <linux/mm.h>
 #include <linux/module.h>
 #include <linux/mutex.h>
···
 	struct list_head	list;		/* linked to pcpu_slot lists */
 	int			free_size;	/* free bytes in the chunk */
 	int			contig_hint;	/* max contiguous size hint */
-	struct vm_struct	*vm;		/* mapped vmalloc region */
+	void			*base_addr;	/* base address of this chunk */
 	int			map_used;	/* # of map entries used */
 	int			map_alloc;	/* # of map entries allocated */
 	int			*map;		/* allocation map */
+	struct vm_struct	**vms;		/* mapped vmalloc regions */
 	bool			immutable;	/* no [de]population allowed */
-	struct page		**page;		/* points to page array */
-	struct page		*page_ar[];	/* #cpus * UNIT_PAGES */
+	unsigned long		populated[];	/* populated bitmap */
 };
 
 static int pcpu_unit_pages __read_mostly;
 static int pcpu_unit_size __read_mostly;
-static int pcpu_chunk_size __read_mostly;
+static int pcpu_nr_units __read_mostly;
+static int pcpu_atom_size __read_mostly;
 static int pcpu_nr_slots __read_mostly;
 static size_t pcpu_chunk_struct_size __read_mostly;
+
+/* cpus with the lowest and highest unit numbers */
+static unsigned int pcpu_first_unit_cpu __read_mostly;
+static unsigned int pcpu_last_unit_cpu __read_mostly;
 
 /* the address of the first chunk which starts with the kernel static area */
 void *pcpu_base_addr __read_mostly;
 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(pcpu_base_addr);
+
+static const int *pcpu_unit_map __read_mostly;		/* cpu -> unit */
+const unsigned long *pcpu_unit_offsets __read_mostly;	/* cpu -> unit offset */
+
+/* group information, used for vm allocation */
+static int pcpu_nr_groups __read_mostly;
+static const unsigned long *pcpu_group_offsets __read_mostly;
+static const size_t *pcpu_group_sizes __read_mostly;
 
 /*
  * The first chunk which always exists.  Note that unlike other
···
  * Synchronization rules.
  *
  * There are two locks - pcpu_alloc_mutex and pcpu_lock.  The former
- * protects allocation/reclaim paths, chunks and chunk->page arrays.
- * The latter is a spinlock and protects the index data structures -
- * chunk slots, chunks and area maps in chunks.
+ * protects allocation/reclaim paths, chunks, populated bitmap and
+ * vmalloc mapping.  The latter is a spinlock and protects the index
+ * data structures - chunk slots, chunks and area maps in chunks.
  *
  * During allocation, pcpu_alloc_mutex is kept locked all the time and
  * pcpu_lock is grabbed and released as necessary.  All actual memory
···
 
 static int pcpu_page_idx(unsigned int cpu, int page_idx)
 {
-	return cpu * pcpu_unit_pages + page_idx;
-}
-
-static struct page **pcpu_chunk_pagep(struct pcpu_chunk *chunk,
-				      unsigned int cpu, int page_idx)
-{
-	return &chunk->page[pcpu_page_idx(cpu, page_idx)];
+	return pcpu_unit_map[cpu] * pcpu_unit_pages + page_idx;
 }
 
 static unsigned long pcpu_chunk_addr(struct pcpu_chunk *chunk,
 				     unsigned int cpu, int page_idx)
 {
-	return (unsigned long)chunk->vm->addr +
-		(pcpu_page_idx(cpu, page_idx) << PAGE_SHIFT);
+	return (unsigned long)chunk->base_addr + pcpu_unit_offsets[cpu] +
+		(page_idx << PAGE_SHIFT);
 }
 
-static bool pcpu_chunk_page_occupied(struct pcpu_chunk *chunk,
-				     int page_idx)
+static struct page *pcpu_chunk_page(struct pcpu_chunk *chunk,
+				    unsigned int cpu, int page_idx)
 {
-	/*
-	 * Any possible cpu id can be used here, so there's no need to
-	 * worry about preemption or cpu hotplug.
-	 */
-	return *pcpu_chunk_pagep(chunk, raw_smp_processor_id(),
-				 page_idx) != NULL;
+	/* must not be used on pre-mapped chunk */
+	WARN_ON(chunk->immutable);
+
+	return vmalloc_to_page((void *)pcpu_chunk_addr(chunk, cpu, page_idx));
 }
 
 /* set the pointer to a chunk in a page struct */
···
 {
 	return (struct pcpu_chunk *)page->index;
 }
+
+static void pcpu_next_unpop(struct pcpu_chunk *chunk, int *rs, int *re, int end)
+{
+	*rs = find_next_zero_bit(chunk->populated, end, *rs);
+	*re = find_next_bit(chunk->populated, end, *rs + 1);
+}
+
+static void pcpu_next_pop(struct pcpu_chunk *chunk, int *rs, int *re, int end)
+{
+	*rs = find_next_bit(chunk->populated, end, *rs);
+	*re = find_next_zero_bit(chunk->populated, end, *rs + 1);
+}
+
+/*
+ * (Un)populated page region iterators.  Iterate over (un)populated
+ * page regions betwen @start and @end in @chunk.  @rs and @re should
+ * be integer variables and will be set to start and end page index of
+ * the current region.
+ */
+#define pcpu_for_each_unpop_region(chunk, rs, re, start, end)		    \
+	for ((rs) = (start), pcpu_next_unpop((chunk), &(rs), &(re), (end)); \
+	     (rs) < (re);						    \
+	     (rs) = (re) + 1, pcpu_next_unpop((chunk), &(rs), &(re), (end)))
+
+#define pcpu_for_each_pop_region(chunk, rs, re, start, end)		    \
+	for ((rs) = (start), pcpu_next_pop((chunk), &(rs), &(re), (end));   \
+	     (rs) < (re);						    \
+	     (rs) = (re) + 1, pcpu_next_pop((chunk), &(rs), &(re), (end)))
 
 /**
  * pcpu_mem_alloc - allocate memory
···
  */
 static struct pcpu_chunk *pcpu_chunk_addr_search(void *addr)
 {
-	void *first_start = pcpu_first_chunk->vm->addr;
+	void *first_start = pcpu_first_chunk->base_addr;
 
 	/* is it in the first chunk? */
-	if (addr >= first_start && addr < first_start + pcpu_chunk_size) {
+	if (addr >= first_start && addr < first_start + pcpu_unit_size) {
 		/* is it in the reserved area? */
 		if (addr < first_start + pcpu_reserved_chunk_limit)
 			return pcpu_reserved_chunk;
···
 	 * space.  Note that any possible cpu id can be used here, so
 	 * there's no need to worry about preemption or cpu hotplug.
 	 */
-	addr += raw_smp_processor_id() * pcpu_unit_size;
+	addr += pcpu_unit_offsets[raw_smp_processor_id()];
 	return pcpu_get_page_chunk(vmalloc_to_page(addr));
 }
 
···
 }
 
 /**
- * pcpu_unmap - unmap pages out of a pcpu_chunk
+ * pcpu_get_pages_and_bitmap - get temp pages array and bitmap
  * @chunk: chunk of interest
+ * @bitmapp: output parameter for bitmap
+ * @may_alloc: may allocate the array
+ *
+ * Returns pointer to array of pointers to struct page and bitmap,
+ * both of which can be indexed with pcpu_page_idx().  The returned
+ * array is cleared to zero and *@bitmapp is copied from
+ * @chunk->populated.  Note that there is only one array and bitmap
+ * and access exclusion is the caller's responsibility.
+ *
+ * CONTEXT:
+ * pcpu_alloc_mutex and does GFP_KERNEL allocation if @may_alloc.
+ * Otherwise, don't care.
+ *
+ * RETURNS:
+ * Pointer to temp pages array on success, NULL on failure.
+ */
+static struct page **pcpu_get_pages_and_bitmap(struct pcpu_chunk *chunk,
+					       unsigned long **bitmapp,
+					       bool may_alloc)
+{
+	static struct page **pages;
+	static unsigned long *bitmap;
+	size_t pages_size = pcpu_nr_units * pcpu_unit_pages * sizeof(pages[0]);
+	size_t bitmap_size = BITS_TO_LONGS(pcpu_unit_pages) *
+			     sizeof(unsigned long);
+
+	if (!pages || !bitmap) {
+		if (may_alloc && !pages)
+			pages = pcpu_mem_alloc(pages_size);
+		if (may_alloc && !bitmap)
+			bitmap = pcpu_mem_alloc(bitmap_size);
+		if (!pages || !bitmap)
+			return NULL;
+	}
+
+	memset(pages, 0, pages_size);
+	bitmap_copy(bitmap, chunk->populated, pcpu_unit_pages);
+
+	*bitmapp = bitmap;
+	return pages;
+}
+
+/**
+ * pcpu_free_pages - free pages which were allocated for @chunk
+ * @chunk: chunk pages were allocated for
+ * @pages: array of pages to be freed, indexed by pcpu_page_idx()
+ * @populated: populated bitmap
+ * @page_start: page index of the first page to be freed
+ * @page_end: page index of the last page to be freed + 1
+ *
+ * Free pages [@page_start and @page_end) in @pages for all units.
+ * The pages were allocated for @chunk.
+ */
+static void pcpu_free_pages(struct pcpu_chunk *chunk,
+			    struct page **pages, unsigned long *populated,
+			    int page_start, int page_end)
+{
+	unsigned int cpu;
+	int i;
+
+	for_each_possible_cpu(cpu) {
+		for (i = page_start; i < page_end; i++) {
+			struct page *page = pages[pcpu_page_idx(cpu, i)];
+
+			if (page)
+				__free_page(page);
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+/**
+ * pcpu_alloc_pages - allocates pages for @chunk
+ * @chunk: target chunk
+ * @pages: array to put the allocated pages into, indexed by pcpu_page_idx()
+ * @populated: populated bitmap
+ * @page_start: page index of the first page to be allocated
+ * @page_end: page index of the last page to be allocated + 1
+ *
+ * Allocate pages [@page_start,@page_end) into @pages for all units.
+ * The allocation is for @chunk.  Percpu core doesn't care about the
+ * content of @pages and will pass it verbatim to pcpu_map_pages().
+ */
+static int pcpu_alloc_pages(struct pcpu_chunk *chunk,
+			    struct page **pages, unsigned long *populated,
+			    int page_start, int page_end)
+{
+	const gfp_t gfp = GFP_KERNEL | __GFP_HIGHMEM | __GFP_COLD;
+	unsigned int cpu;
+	int i;
+
+	for_each_possible_cpu(cpu) {
+		for (i = page_start; i < page_end; i++) {
+			struct page **pagep = &pages[pcpu_page_idx(cpu, i)];
+
+			*pagep = alloc_pages_node(cpu_to_node(cpu), gfp, 0);
+			if (!*pagep) {
+				pcpu_free_pages(chunk, pages, populated,
+						page_start, page_end);
+				return -ENOMEM;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/**
+ * pcpu_pre_unmap_flush - flush cache prior to unmapping
+ * @chunk: chunk the regions to be flushed belongs to
+ * @page_start: page index of the first page to be flushed
+ * @page_end: page index of the last page to be flushed + 1
+ *
+ * Pages in [@page_start,@page_end) of @chunk are about to be
+ * unmapped.  Flush cache.  As each flushing trial can be very
+ * expensive, issue flush on the whole region at once rather than
+ * doing it for each cpu.  This could be an overkill but is more
+ * scalable.
+ */
+static void pcpu_pre_unmap_flush(struct pcpu_chunk *chunk,
+				 int page_start, int page_end)
+{
+	flush_cache_vunmap(
+		pcpu_chunk_addr(chunk, pcpu_first_unit_cpu, page_start),
+		pcpu_chunk_addr(chunk, pcpu_last_unit_cpu, page_end));
+}
+
+static void __pcpu_unmap_pages(unsigned long addr, int nr_pages)
+{
+	unmap_kernel_range_noflush(addr, nr_pages << PAGE_SHIFT);
+}
+
+/**
+ * pcpu_unmap_pages - unmap pages out of a pcpu_chunk
+ * @chunk: chunk of interest
+ * @pages: pages array which can be used to pass information to free
+ * @populated: populated bitmap
  * @page_start: page index of the first page to unmap
  * @page_end: page index of the last page to unmap + 1
- * @flush_tlb: whether to flush tlb or not
  *
  * For each cpu, unmap pages [@page_start,@page_end) out of @chunk.
- * If @flush is true, vcache is flushed before unmapping and tlb
- * after.
+ * Corresponding elements in @pages were cleared by the caller and can
+ * be used to carry information to pcpu_free_pages() which will be
+ * called after all unmaps are finished.  The caller should call
+ * proper pre/post flush functions.
  */
-static void pcpu_unmap(struct pcpu_chunk *chunk, int page_start, int page_end,
-		       bool flush_tlb)
+static void pcpu_unmap_pages(struct pcpu_chunk *chunk,
+			     struct page **pages, unsigned long *populated,
+			     int page_start, int page_end)
 {
-	unsigned int last = nr_cpu_ids - 1;
 	unsigned int cpu;
+	int i;
 
-	/* unmap must not be done on immutable chunk */
-	WARN_ON(chunk->immutable);
+	for_each_possible_cpu(cpu) {
+		for (i = page_start; i < page_end; i++) {
+			struct page *page;
 
-	/*
-	 * Each flushing trial can be very expensive, issue flush on
-	 * the whole region at once rather than doing it for each cpu.
-	 * This could be an overkill but is more scalable.
-	 */
-	flush_cache_vunmap(pcpu_chunk_addr(chunk, 0, page_start),
-			   pcpu_chunk_addr(chunk, last, page_end));
+			page = pcpu_chunk_page(chunk, cpu, i);
+			WARN_ON(!page);
+			pages[pcpu_page_idx(cpu, i)] = page;
+		}
+		__pcpu_unmap_pages(pcpu_chunk_addr(chunk, cpu, page_start),
+				   page_end - page_start);
+	}
 
-	for_each_possible_cpu(cpu)
-		unmap_kernel_range_noflush(
-				pcpu_chunk_addr(chunk, cpu, page_start),
-				(page_end - page_start) << PAGE_SHIFT);
+	for (i = page_start; i < page_end; i++)
+		__clear_bit(i, populated);
+}
 
-	/* ditto as flush_cache_vunmap() */
-	if (flush_tlb)
-		flush_tlb_kernel_range(pcpu_chunk_addr(chunk, 0, page_start),
-				       pcpu_chunk_addr(chunk, last, page_end));
+/**
+ * pcpu_post_unmap_tlb_flush - flush TLB after unmapping
+ * @chunk: pcpu_chunk the regions to be flushed belong to
+ * @page_start: page index of the first page to be flushed
+ * @page_end: page index of the last page to be flushed + 1
+ *
+ * Pages [@page_start,@page_end) of @chunk have been unmapped.  Flush
+ * TLB for the regions.  This can be skipped if the area is to be
+ * returned to vmalloc as vmalloc will handle TLB flushing lazily.
+ *
+ * As with pcpu_pre_unmap_flush(), TLB flushing also is done at once
+ * for the whole region.
+ */
+static void pcpu_post_unmap_tlb_flush(struct pcpu_chunk *chunk,
+				      int page_start, int page_end)
+{
+	flush_tlb_kernel_range(
+		pcpu_chunk_addr(chunk, pcpu_first_unit_cpu, page_start),
+		pcpu_chunk_addr(chunk, pcpu_last_unit_cpu, page_end));
+}
+
+static int __pcpu_map_pages(unsigned long addr, struct page **pages,
+			    int nr_pages)
+{
+	return map_kernel_range_noflush(addr, nr_pages << PAGE_SHIFT,
+					PAGE_KERNEL, pages);
+}
+
+/**
+ * pcpu_map_pages - map pages into a pcpu_chunk
+ * @chunk: chunk of interest
+ * @pages: pages array containing pages to be mapped
+ * @populated: populated bitmap
+ * @page_start: page index of the first page to map
+ * @page_end: page index of the last page to map + 1
+ *
+ * For each cpu, map pages [@page_start,@page_end) into @chunk.  The
+ * caller is responsible for calling pcpu_post_map_flush() after all
+ * mappings are complete.
+ *
+ * This function is responsible for setting corresponding bits in
+ * @chunk->populated bitmap and whatever is necessary for reverse
+ * lookup (addr -> chunk).
+ */
+static int pcpu_map_pages(struct pcpu_chunk *chunk,
+			  struct page **pages, unsigned long *populated,
+			  int page_start, int page_end)
+{
+	unsigned int cpu, tcpu;
+	int i, err;
+
+	for_each_possible_cpu(cpu) {
+		err = __pcpu_map_pages(pcpu_chunk_addr(chunk, cpu, page_start),
+				       &pages[pcpu_page_idx(cpu, page_start)],
+				       page_end - page_start);
+		if (err < 0)
+			goto err;
+	}
+
+	/* mapping successful, link chunk and mark populated */
+	for (i = page_start; i < page_end; i++) {
+		for_each_possible_cpu(cpu)
+			pcpu_set_page_chunk(pages[pcpu_page_idx(cpu, i)],
+					    chunk);
+		__set_bit(i, populated);
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+
+err:
+	for_each_possible_cpu(tcpu) {
+		if (tcpu == cpu)
+			break;
+		__pcpu_unmap_pages(pcpu_chunk_addr(chunk, tcpu, page_start),
+				   page_end - page_start);
+	}
+	return err;
+}
+
+/**
+ * pcpu_post_map_flush - flush cache after mapping
+ * @chunk: pcpu_chunk the regions to be flushed belong to
+ * @page_start: page index of the first page to be flushed
+ * @page_end: page index of the last page to be flushed + 1
+ *
+ * Pages [@page_start,@page_end) of @chunk have been mapped.  Flush
+ * cache.
+ *
+ * As with pcpu_pre_unmap_flush(), TLB flushing also is done at once
+ * for the whole region.
+ */
+static void pcpu_post_map_flush(struct pcpu_chunk *chunk,
+				int page_start, int page_end)
+{
+	flush_cache_vmap(
+		pcpu_chunk_addr(chunk, pcpu_first_unit_cpu, page_start),
+		pcpu_chunk_addr(chunk, pcpu_last_unit_cpu, page_end));
 }
 
 /**
···
  * CONTEXT:
  * pcpu_alloc_mutex.
  */
-static void pcpu_depopulate_chunk(struct pcpu_chunk *chunk, int off, int size,
-				  bool flush)
+static void pcpu_depopulate_chunk(struct pcpu_chunk *chunk, int off, int size)
 {
 	int page_start = PFN_DOWN(off);
 	int page_end = PFN_UP(off + size);
-	int unmap_start = -1;
-	int uninitialized_var(unmap_end);
-	unsigned int cpu;
-	int i;
+	struct page **pages;
+	unsigned long *populated;
+	int rs, re;
 
-	for (i = page_start; i < page_end; i++) {
-		for_each_possible_cpu(cpu) {
-			struct page **pagep = pcpu_chunk_pagep(chunk, cpu, i);
-
-			if (!*pagep)
-				continue;
-
-			__free_page(*pagep);
-
-			/*
-			 * If it's partial depopulation, it might get
-			 * populated or depopulated again.  Mark the
-			 * page gone.
-			 */
-			*pagep = NULL;
-
-			unmap_start = unmap_start < 0 ? i : unmap_start;
-			unmap_end = i + 1;
-		}
+	/* quick path, check whether it's empty already */
+	pcpu_for_each_unpop_region(chunk, rs, re, page_start, page_end) {
+		if (rs == page_start && re == page_end)
+			return;
+		break;
 	}
 
-	if (unmap_start >= 0)
-		pcpu_unmap(chunk, unmap_start, unmap_end, flush);
-}
-
-/**
- * pcpu_map - map pages into a pcpu_chunk
- * @chunk: chunk of interest
- * @page_start: page index of the first page to map
- * @page_end: page index of the last page to map + 1
- *
- * For each cpu, map pages [@page_start,@page_end) into @chunk.
- * vcache is flushed afterwards.
- */
-static int pcpu_map(struct pcpu_chunk *chunk, int page_start, int page_end)
-{
-	unsigned int last = nr_cpu_ids - 1;
-	unsigned int cpu;
-	int err;
-
-	/* map must not be done on immutable chunk */
+	/* immutable chunks can't be depopulated */
 	WARN_ON(chunk->immutable);
 
-	for_each_possible_cpu(cpu) {
-		err = map_kernel_range_noflush(
-				pcpu_chunk_addr(chunk, cpu, page_start),
-				(page_end - page_start) << PAGE_SHIFT,
-				PAGE_KERNEL,
-				pcpu_chunk_pagep(chunk, cpu, page_start));
-		if (err < 0)
-			return err;
-	}
+	/*
+	 * If control reaches here, there must have been at least one
+	 * successful population attempt so the temp pages array must
+	 * be available now.
+	 */
+	pages = pcpu_get_pages_and_bitmap(chunk, &populated, false);
+	BUG_ON(!pages);
 
-	/* flush at once, please read comments in pcpu_unmap() */
-	flush_cache_vmap(pcpu_chunk_addr(chunk, 0, page_start),
-			 pcpu_chunk_addr(chunk, last, page_end));
-	return 0;
+	/* unmap and free */
+	pcpu_pre_unmap_flush(chunk, page_start, page_end);
+
+	pcpu_for_each_pop_region(chunk, rs, re, page_start, page_end)
+		pcpu_unmap_pages(chunk, pages, populated, rs, re);
+
+	/* no need to flush tlb, vmalloc will handle it lazily */
+
+	pcpu_for_each_pop_region(chunk, rs, re, page_start, page_end)
+		pcpu_free_pages(chunk, pages, populated, rs, re);
+
+	/* commit new bitmap */
+	bitmap_copy(chunk->populated, populated, pcpu_unit_pages);
 }
 
 /**
···
  */
 static int pcpu_populate_chunk(struct pcpu_chunk *chunk, int off, int size)
 {
-	const gfp_t alloc_mask = GFP_KERNEL | __GFP_HIGHMEM | __GFP_COLD;
 	int page_start = PFN_DOWN(off);
 	int page_end = PFN_UP(off + size);
-	int map_start = -1;
-	int uninitialized_var(map_end);
+	int free_end = page_start, unmap_end = page_start;
+	struct page **pages;
+	unsigned long *populated;
 	unsigned int cpu;
-	int i;
+	int rs, re, rc;
 
-	for (i = page_start; i < page_end; i++) {
-		if (pcpu_chunk_page_occupied(chunk, i)) {
-			if (map_start >= 0) {
-				if (pcpu_map(chunk, map_start, map_end))
-					goto err;
-				map_start = -1;
-			}
-			continue;
-		}
-
-		map_start = map_start < 0 ? i : map_start;
-		map_end = i + 1;
-
-		for_each_possible_cpu(cpu) {
-			struct page **pagep = pcpu_chunk_pagep(chunk, cpu, i);
-
-			*pagep = alloc_pages_node(cpu_to_node(cpu),
-						  alloc_mask, 0);
-			if (!*pagep)
-				goto err;
-			pcpu_set_page_chunk(*pagep, chunk);
-		}
+	/* quick path, check whether all pages are already there */
+	pcpu_for_each_pop_region(chunk, rs, re, page_start, page_end) {
+		if (rs == page_start && re == page_end)
+			goto clear;
+		break;
 	}
 
-	if (map_start >= 0 && pcpu_map(chunk, map_start, map_end))
-		goto err;
+	/* need to allocate and map pages, this chunk can't be immutable */
+	WARN_ON(chunk->immutable);
 
+	pages = pcpu_get_pages_and_bitmap(chunk, &populated, true);
+	if (!pages)
+		return -ENOMEM;
+
+	/* alloc and map */
+	pcpu_for_each_unpop_region(chunk, rs, re, page_start, page_end) {
+		rc = pcpu_alloc_pages(chunk, pages, populated, rs, re);
+		if (rc)
+			goto err_free;
+		free_end = re;
+	}
+
+	pcpu_for_each_unpop_region(chunk, rs, re, page_start, page_end) {
+		rc = pcpu_map_pages(chunk, pages, populated, rs, re);
+		if (rc)
+			goto err_unmap;
+		unmap_end = re;
+	}
+	pcpu_post_map_flush(chunk, page_start, page_end);
+
+	/* commit new bitmap */
+	bitmap_copy(chunk->populated, populated, pcpu_unit_pages);
+clear:
 	for_each_possible_cpu(cpu)
-		memset(chunk->vm->addr + cpu * pcpu_unit_size + off, 0,
-		       size);
-
+		memset((void *)pcpu_chunk_addr(chunk, cpu, 0) + off, 0, size);
 	return 0;
-err:
-	/* likely under heavy memory pressure, give memory back */
-	pcpu_depopulate_chunk(chunk, off, size, true);
-	return -ENOMEM;
+
+err_unmap:
+	pcpu_pre_unmap_flush(chunk, page_start, unmap_end);
+	pcpu_for_each_unpop_region(chunk, rs, re, page_start, unmap_end)
+		pcpu_unmap_pages(chunk, pages, populated, rs, re);
+	pcpu_post_unmap_tlb_flush(chunk, page_start, unmap_end);
+err_free:
+	pcpu_for_each_unpop_region(chunk, rs, re, page_start, free_end)
+		pcpu_free_pages(chunk, pages, populated, rs, re);
+	return rc;
 }
 
 static void free_pcpu_chunk(struct pcpu_chunk *chunk)
 {
 	if (!chunk)
 		return;
-	if (chunk->vm)
-		free_vm_area(chunk->vm);
+	if (chunk->vms)
+		pcpu_free_vm_areas(chunk->vms, pcpu_nr_groups);
 	pcpu_mem_free(chunk->map, chunk->map_alloc * sizeof(chunk->map[0]));
 	kfree(chunk);
 }
···
 	chunk->map = pcpu_mem_alloc(PCPU_DFL_MAP_ALLOC * sizeof(chunk->map[0]));
 	chunk->map_alloc = PCPU_DFL_MAP_ALLOC;
 	chunk->map[chunk->map_used++] = pcpu_unit_size;
-	chunk->page = chunk->page_ar;
 
-	chunk->vm = get_vm_area(pcpu_chunk_size, VM_ALLOC);
-	if (!chunk->vm) {
+	chunk->vms = pcpu_get_vm_areas(pcpu_group_offsets, pcpu_group_sizes,
+				       pcpu_nr_groups, pcpu_atom_size,
+				       GFP_KERNEL);
+	if (!chunk->vms) {
 		free_pcpu_chunk(chunk);
 		return NULL;
 	}
···
 	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&chunk->list);
 	chunk->free_size = pcpu_unit_size;
 	chunk->contig_hint = pcpu_unit_size;
+	chunk->base_addr = chunk->vms[0]->addr - pcpu_group_offsets[0];
 
 	return chunk;
 }
···
 
 	mutex_unlock(&pcpu_alloc_mutex);
 
-	return __addr_to_pcpu_ptr(chunk->vm->addr + off);
+	/* return address relative to base address */
+	return __addr_to_pcpu_ptr(chunk->base_addr + off);
 
 fail_unlock:
 	spin_unlock_irq(&pcpu_lock);
···
 	}
 
 	spin_unlock_irq(&pcpu_lock);
-	mutex_unlock(&pcpu_alloc_mutex);
 
 	list_for_each_entry_safe(chunk, next, &todo, list) {
-		pcpu_depopulate_chunk(chunk, 0, pcpu_unit_size, false);
+		pcpu_depopulate_chunk(chunk, 0, pcpu_unit_size);
 		free_pcpu_chunk(chunk);
 	}
+
+	mutex_unlock(&pcpu_alloc_mutex);
 }
 
 /**
···
 	spin_lock_irqsave(&pcpu_lock, flags);
 
 	chunk = pcpu_chunk_addr_search(addr);
-	off = addr - chunk->vm->addr;
+	off = addr - chunk->base_addr;
 
 	pcpu_free_area(chunk, off);
 
···
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(free_percpu);
 
+static inline size_t pcpu_calc_fc_sizes(size_t static_size,
+					size_t reserved_size,
+					ssize_t *dyn_sizep)
+{
+	size_t size_sum;
+
+	size_sum = PFN_ALIGN(static_size + reserved_size +
+			     (*dyn_sizep >= 0 ? *dyn_sizep : 0));
+	if (*dyn_sizep != 0)
+		*dyn_sizep = size_sum - static_size - reserved_size;
+
+	return size_sum;
+}
+
 /**
- * pcpu_setup_first_chunk - initialize the first percpu chunk
- * @get_page_fn: callback to fetch page pointer
- * @static_size: the size of static percpu area in bytes
+ * pcpu_alloc_alloc_info - allocate percpu allocation info
+ * @nr_groups: the number of groups
+ * @nr_units: the number of units
+ *
+ * Allocate ai which is large enough for @nr_groups groups containing
+ * @nr_units units.  The returned ai's groups[0].cpu_map points to the
+ * cpu_map array which is long enough for @nr_units and filled with
+ * NR_CPUS.  It's the caller's responsibility to initialize cpu_map
+ * pointer of other groups.
+ *
+ * RETURNS:
+ * Pointer to the allocated pcpu_alloc_info on success, NULL on
+ * failure.
+ */
+struct pcpu_alloc_info * __init pcpu_alloc_alloc_info(int nr_groups,
+						      int nr_units)
+{
+	struct pcpu_alloc_info *ai;
+	size_t base_size, ai_size;
+	void *ptr;
+	int unit;
+
+	base_size = ALIGN(sizeof(*ai) + nr_groups * sizeof(ai->groups[0]),
+			  __alignof__(ai->groups[0].cpu_map[0]));
+	ai_size = base_size + nr_units * sizeof(ai->groups[0].cpu_map[0]);
+
+	ptr = alloc_bootmem_nopanic(PFN_ALIGN(ai_size));
+	if (!ptr)
+		return NULL;
+	ai = ptr;
+	ptr += base_size;
+
+	ai->groups[0].cpu_map = ptr;
+
+	for (unit = 0; unit < nr_units; unit++)
+		ai->groups[0].cpu_map[unit] = NR_CPUS;
+
+	ai->nr_groups = nr_groups;
+	ai->__ai_size = PFN_ALIGN(ai_size);
+
+	return ai;
+}
+
+/**
+ * pcpu_free_alloc_info - free percpu allocation info
+ * @ai: pcpu_alloc_info to free
+ *
+ * Free @ai which was allocated by pcpu_alloc_alloc_info().
+ */
+void __init pcpu_free_alloc_info(struct pcpu_alloc_info *ai)
+{
+	free_bootmem(__pa(ai), ai->__ai_size);
+}
+
+/**
+ * pcpu_build_alloc_info - build alloc_info considering distances between CPUs
  * @reserved_size: the size of reserved percpu area in bytes
  * @dyn_size: free size for dynamic allocation in bytes, -1 for auto
- * @unit_size: unit size in bytes, must be multiple of PAGE_SIZE, -1 for auto
- * @base_addr: mapped address, NULL for auto
- * @populate_pte_fn: callback to allocate pagetable, NULL if unnecessary
+ * @atom_size: allocation atom size
+ * @cpu_distance_fn: callback to determine distance between cpus, optional
+ *
+ * This function determines grouping of units, their mappings to cpus
+ * and other parameters considering needed percpu size, allocation
+ * atom size and distances between CPUs.
+ *
+ * Groups are always mutliples of atom size and CPUs which are of
+ * LOCAL_DISTANCE both ways are grouped together and share space for
+ * units in the same group.  The returned configuration is guaranteed
+ * to have CPUs on different nodes on different groups and >=75% usage
+ * of allocated virtual address space.
+ *
+ * RETURNS:
+ * On success, pointer to the new allocation_info is returned.  On
+ * failure, ERR_PTR value is returned.
+ */
+struct pcpu_alloc_info * __init pcpu_build_alloc_info(
+				size_t reserved_size, ssize_t dyn_size,
+				size_t atom_size,
+				pcpu_fc_cpu_distance_fn_t cpu_distance_fn)
+{
+	static int group_map[NR_CPUS] __initdata;
+	static int group_cnt[NR_CPUS] __initdata;
+	const size_t static_size = __per_cpu_end - __per_cpu_start;
+	int group_cnt_max = 0, nr_groups = 1, nr_units = 0;
+	size_t size_sum, min_unit_size, alloc_size;
+	int upa, max_upa, uninitialized_var(best_upa);	/* units_per_alloc */
+	int last_allocs, group, unit;
+	unsigned int cpu, tcpu;
+	struct pcpu_alloc_info *ai;
+	unsigned int *cpu_map;
+
+	/*
+	 * Determine min_unit_size, alloc_size and max_upa such that
+	 * alloc_size is multiple of atom_size and is the smallest
+	 * which can accomodate 4k aligned segments which are equal to
+	 * or larger than min_unit_size.
+	 */
+	size_sum = pcpu_calc_fc_sizes(static_size, reserved_size, &dyn_size);
+	min_unit_size = max_t(size_t, size_sum, PCPU_MIN_UNIT_SIZE);
+
+	alloc_size = roundup(min_unit_size, atom_size);
+	upa = alloc_size / min_unit_size;
+	while (alloc_size % upa || ((alloc_size / upa) & ~PAGE_MASK))
+		upa--;
+	max_upa = upa;
+
+	/* group cpus according to their proximity */
+	for_each_possible_cpu(cpu) {
+		group = 0;
+	next_group:
+		for_each_possible_cpu(tcpu) {
+			if (cpu == tcpu)
+				break;
+			if (group_map[tcpu] == group && cpu_distance_fn &&
+			    (cpu_distance_fn(cpu, tcpu) > LOCAL_DISTANCE ||
+			     cpu_distance_fn(tcpu, cpu) > LOCAL_DISTANCE)) {
+				group++;
+				nr_groups = max(nr_groups, group + 1);
+				goto next_group;
+			}
+		}
+		group_map[cpu] = group;
+		group_cnt[group]++;
+		group_cnt_max = max(group_cnt_max, group_cnt[group]);
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Expand unit size until address space usage goes over 75%
+	 * and then as much as possible without using more address
+	 * space.
+	 */
+	last_allocs = INT_MAX;
+	for (upa = max_upa; upa; upa--) {
+		int allocs = 0, wasted = 0;
+
+		if (alloc_size % upa || ((alloc_size / upa) & ~PAGE_MASK))
+			continue;
+
+		for (group = 0; group < nr_groups; group++) {
+			int this_allocs = DIV_ROUND_UP(group_cnt[group], upa);
+			allocs += this_allocs;
+			wasted += this_allocs * upa - group_cnt[group];
+		}
+
+		/*
+		 * Don't accept if wastage is over 25%.  The
+		 * greater-than comparison ensures upa==1 always
+		 * passes the following check.
+		 */
+		if (wasted > num_possible_cpus() / 3)
+			continue;
+
+		/* and then don't consume more memory */
+		if (allocs > last_allocs)
+			break;
+		last_allocs = allocs;
+		best_upa = upa;
+	}
+	upa = best_upa;
+
+	/* allocate and fill alloc_info */
+	for (group = 0; group < nr_groups; group++)
+		nr_units += roundup(group_cnt[group], upa);
+
+	ai = pcpu_alloc_alloc_info(nr_groups, nr_units);
+	if (!ai)
+		return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);
+	cpu_map = ai->groups[0].cpu_map;
+
+	for (group = 0; group < nr_groups; group++) {
+		ai->groups[group].cpu_map = cpu_map;
+		cpu_map += roundup(group_cnt[group], upa);
+	}
+
+	ai->static_size = static_size;
+	ai->reserved_size = reserved_size;
+	ai->dyn_size = dyn_size;
+	ai->unit_size = alloc_size / upa;
+	ai->atom_size = atom_size;
+	ai->alloc_size = alloc_size;
+
+	for (group = 0, unit = 0; group_cnt[group]; group++) {
+		struct pcpu_group_info *gi = &ai->groups[group];
+
+		/*
+		 * Initialize base_offset as if all groups are located
+		 * back-to-back.  The caller should update this to
+		 * reflect actual allocation.
+		 */
+		gi->base_offset = unit * ai->unit_size;
+
+		for_each_possible_cpu(cpu)
+			if (group_map[cpu] == group)
+				gi->cpu_map[gi->nr_units++] = cpu;
+		gi->nr_units = roundup(gi->nr_units, upa);
+		unit += gi->nr_units;
+	}
+	BUG_ON(unit != nr_units);
+
+	return ai;
+}
+
+/**
+ * pcpu_dump_alloc_info - print out information about pcpu_alloc_info
+ * @lvl: loglevel
+ * @ai: allocation info to dump
+ *
+ * Print out information about @ai using loglevel @lvl.
+ */
+static void pcpu_dump_alloc_info(const char *lvl,
+				 const struct pcpu_alloc_info *ai)
+{
+	int group_width = 1, cpu_width = 1, width;
+	char empty_str[] = "--------";
+	int alloc = 0, alloc_end = 0;
+	int group, v;
+	int upa, apl;	/* units per alloc, allocs per line */
+
+	v = ai->nr_groups;
+	while (v /= 10)
+		group_width++;
+
+	v = num_possible_cpus();
+	while (v /= 10)
+		cpu_width++;
+	empty_str[min_t(int, cpu_width, sizeof(empty_str) - 1)] = '\0';
+
+	upa = ai->alloc_size / ai->unit_size;
+	width = upa * (cpu_width + 1) + group_width + 3;
+	apl = rounddown_pow_of_two(max(60 / width, 1));
+
+	printk("%spcpu-alloc: s%zu r%zu d%zu u%zu alloc=%zu*%zu",
+	       lvl, ai->static_size, ai->reserved_size, ai->dyn_size,
+	       ai->unit_size, ai->alloc_size / ai->atom_size, ai->atom_size);
+
+	for (group = 0; group < ai->nr_groups; group++) {
+		const struct pcpu_group_info *gi = &ai->groups[group];
+		int unit = 0, unit_end = 0;
+
+		BUG_ON(gi->nr_units % upa);
+		for (alloc_end += gi->nr_units / upa;
+		     alloc < alloc_end; alloc++) {
+			if (!(alloc % apl)) {
+				printk("\n");
+				printk("%spcpu-alloc: ", lvl);
+			}
+			printk("[%0*d] ", group_width, group);
+
+			for (unit_end += upa; unit < unit_end; unit++)
+				if (gi->cpu_map[unit] != NR_CPUS)
+					printk("%0*d ", cpu_width,
+					       gi->cpu_map[unit]);
+				else
+					printk("%s ", empty_str);
+		}
+	}
+	printk("\n");
+}
+
+/**
+ * pcpu_setup_first_chunk - initialize the first percpu chunk
+ * @ai: pcpu_alloc_info describing how to percpu area is shaped
+ * @base_addr: mapped address
  *
  * Initialize the first percpu chunk which contains the kernel static
  * perpcu area.  This function is to be called from arch percpu area
- * setup path.  The first two parameters are mandatory.  The rest are
- * optional.
+ * setup path.
  *
- * @get_page_fn() should return pointer to percpu page given cpu
- * number and page number.  It should at least return enough pages to
- * cover the static area.  The returned pages for static area should
- * have been initialized with valid data.  If @unit_size is specified,
- * it can also return pages after the static area.  NULL return
- * indicates end of pages for the cpu.  Note that @get_page_fn() must
- * return the same number of pages for all cpus.
+ * @ai contains all information necessary to initialize the first
+ * chunk and prime the dynamic percpu allocator.
  *
- * @reserved_size, if non-zero, specifies the amount of bytes to
+ * @ai->static_size is the size of static percpu area.
+ *
+ * @ai->reserved_size, if non-zero, specifies the amount of bytes to
  * reserve after the static area in the first chunk.  This reserves
  * the first chunk such that it's available only through reserved
  * percpu allocation.  This is primarily used to serve module percpu
···
  * limited offset range for symbol relocations to guarantee module
  * percpu symbols fall inside the relocatable range.
  *
- * @dyn_size, if non-negative, determines the number of bytes
- * available for dynamic allocation in the first chunk.  Specifying
- * non-negative value makes percpu leave alone the area beyond
- * @static_size + @reserved_size + @dyn_size.
+ * @ai->dyn_size determines the number of bytes available for dynamic
+ * allocation in the first chunk.  The area between @ai->static_size +
+ * @ai->reserved_size + @ai->dyn_size and @ai->unit_size is unused.
  *
- * @unit_size, if non-negative, specifies unit size and must be
- * aligned to PAGE_SIZE and equal to or larger than @static_size +
- * @reserved_size + if non-negative, @dyn_size.
+ * @ai->unit_size specifies unit size and must be aligned to PAGE_SIZE
+ * and equal to or larger than @ai->static_size + @ai->reserved_size +
+ * @ai->dyn_size.
  *
- * Non-null @base_addr means that the caller already allocated virtual
- * region for the first chunk and mapped it.  percpu must not mess
- * with the chunk.  Note that @base_addr with 0 @unit_size or non-NULL
- * @populate_pte_fn doesn't make any sense.
+ * @ai->atom_size is the allocation atom size and used as alignment
+ * for vm areas.
  *
- * @populate_pte_fn is used to populate the pagetable.  NULL means the
- * caller already populated the pagetable.
+ * @ai->alloc_size is the allocation size and always multiple of
+ * @ai->atom_size.  This is larger than @ai->atom_size if
+ * @ai->unit_size is larger than @ai->atom_size.
+ *
+ * @ai->nr_groups and @ai->groups describe virtual memory layout of
+ * percpu areas.  Units which should be colocated are put into the
+ * same group.  Dynamic VM areas will be allocated according to these
+ * groupings.  If @ai->nr_groups is zero, a single group containing
+ * all units is assumed.
+ *
+ * The caller should have mapped the first chunk at @base_addr and
+ * copied static data to each unit.
  *
  * If the first chunk ends up with both reserved and dynamic areas, it
  * is served by two chunks - one to serve the core static and reserved
···
  * and available for dynamic allocation like any other chunks.
  *
  * RETURNS:
- * The determined pcpu_unit_size which can be used to initialize
- * percpu access.
+ * 0 on success, -errno on failure.
  */
-size_t __init pcpu_setup_first_chunk(pcpu_get_page_fn_t get_page_fn,
-				     size_t static_size, size_t reserved_size,
-				     ssize_t dyn_size, ssize_t unit_size,
-				     void *base_addr,
-				     pcpu_populate_pte_fn_t populate_pte_fn)
+int __init pcpu_setup_first_chunk(const struct pcpu_alloc_info *ai,
+				  void *base_addr)
 {
-	static struct vm_struct first_vm;
 	static int smap[2], dmap[2];
-	size_t size_sum = static_size + reserved_size +
-			  (dyn_size >= 0 ? dyn_size : 0);
+	size_t dyn_size = ai->dyn_size;
+	size_t size_sum = ai->static_size + ai->reserved_size + dyn_size;
 	struct pcpu_chunk *schunk, *dchunk = NULL;
+	unsigned long *group_offsets;
+	size_t *group_sizes;
+	unsigned long *unit_off;
 	unsigned int cpu;
-	int nr_pages;
-	int err, i;
+	int *unit_map;
+	int group, unit, i;
 
-	/* santiy checks */
+	/* sanity checks */
 	BUILD_BUG_ON(ARRAY_SIZE(smap) >= PCPU_DFL_MAP_ALLOC ||
 		     ARRAY_SIZE(dmap) >= PCPU_DFL_MAP_ALLOC);
-	BUG_ON(!static_size);
-	if (unit_size >= 0) {
-		BUG_ON(unit_size < size_sum);
-		BUG_ON(unit_size & ~PAGE_MASK);
-		BUG_ON(unit_size < PCPU_MIN_UNIT_SIZE);
-	} else
-		BUG_ON(base_addr);
-	BUG_ON(base_addr && populate_pte_fn);
+	BUG_ON(ai->nr_groups <= 0);
+	BUG_ON(!ai->static_size);
+	BUG_ON(!base_addr);
+	BUG_ON(ai->unit_size < size_sum);
+	BUG_ON(ai->unit_size & ~PAGE_MASK);
+	BUG_ON(ai->unit_size < PCPU_MIN_UNIT_SIZE);
 
-	if (unit_size >= 0)
-		pcpu_unit_pages = unit_size >> PAGE_SHIFT;
-	else
-		pcpu_unit_pages = max_t(int, PCPU_MIN_UNIT_SIZE >> PAGE_SHIFT,
-					PFN_UP(size_sum));
+	pcpu_dump_alloc_info(KERN_DEBUG, ai);
 
+	/* process group information and build config tables accordingly */
+	group_offsets = alloc_bootmem(ai->nr_groups * sizeof(group_offsets[0]));
+	group_sizes = alloc_bootmem(ai->nr_groups * sizeof(group_sizes[0]));
+	unit_map = alloc_bootmem(nr_cpu_ids * sizeof(unit_map[0]));
+	unit_off = alloc_bootmem(nr_cpu_ids * sizeof(unit_off[0]));
+
+	for (cpu = 0; cpu < nr_cpu_ids; cpu++)
+		unit_map[cpu] = NR_CPUS;
+	pcpu_first_unit_cpu = NR_CPUS;
+
+	for (group = 0, unit = 0; group < ai->nr_groups; group++, unit += i) {
+		const struct pcpu_group_info *gi = &ai->groups[group];
+
+		group_offsets[group] = gi->base_offset;
+		group_sizes[group] = gi->nr_units * ai->unit_size;
+
+		for (i = 0; i < gi->nr_units; i++) {
+			cpu = gi->cpu_map[i];
+			if (cpu == NR_CPUS)
+				continue;
+
+			BUG_ON(cpu > nr_cpu_ids || !cpu_possible(cpu));
+			BUG_ON(unit_map[cpu] != NR_CPUS);
+
+			unit_map[cpu] = unit + i;
+			unit_off[cpu] = gi->base_offset + i * ai->unit_size;
+
+			if (pcpu_first_unit_cpu == NR_CPUS)
+				pcpu_first_unit_cpu = cpu;
+		}
+	}
+	pcpu_last_unit_cpu = cpu;
+	pcpu_nr_units = unit;
+
+	for_each_possible_cpu(cpu)
+		BUG_ON(unit_map[cpu] == NR_CPUS);
+
+	pcpu_nr_groups = ai->nr_groups;
+	pcpu_group_offsets = group_offsets;
+	pcpu_group_sizes = group_sizes;
+	pcpu_unit_map = unit_map;
+	pcpu_unit_offsets = unit_off;
+
+	/* determine basic parameters */
+	pcpu_unit_pages = ai->unit_size >> PAGE_SHIFT;
 	pcpu_unit_size = pcpu_unit_pages << PAGE_SHIFT;
-	pcpu_chunk_size = nr_cpu_ids * pcpu_unit_size;
-	pcpu_chunk_struct_size = sizeof(struct pcpu_chunk)
-		+ nr_cpu_ids * pcpu_unit_pages * sizeof(struct page *);
-
-	if (dyn_size < 0)
-		dyn_size = pcpu_unit_size - static_size - reserved_size;
+	pcpu_atom_size = ai->atom_size;
+	pcpu_chunk_struct_size = sizeof(struct pcpu_chunk) +
+		BITS_TO_LONGS(pcpu_unit_pages) * sizeof(unsigned long);
 
 	/*
 	 * Allocate chunk slots.  The additional last slot is for
···
 	 */
 	schunk = alloc_bootmem(pcpu_chunk_struct_size);
 	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&schunk->list);
-	schunk->vm = &first_vm;
+	schunk->base_addr = base_addr;
 	schunk->map = smap;
 	schunk->map_alloc = ARRAY_SIZE(smap);
-	schunk->page = schunk->page_ar;
+	schunk->immutable = true;
+	bitmap_fill(schunk->populated, pcpu_unit_pages);
 
-	if (reserved_size) {
-		schunk->free_size = reserved_size;
+	if (ai->reserved_size) {
+		schunk->free_size = ai->reserved_size;
 		pcpu_reserved_chunk = schunk;
-		pcpu_reserved_chunk_limit = static_size + reserved_size;
+		pcpu_reserved_chunk_limit = ai->static_size + ai->reserved_size;
 	} else {
 		schunk->free_size = dyn_size;
 		dyn_size = 0;			/* dynamic area covered */
 	}
 	schunk->contig_hint = schunk->free_size;
 
-	schunk->map[schunk->map_used++] = -static_size;
+	schunk->map[schunk->map_used++] = -ai->static_size;
 	if (schunk->free_size)
 		schunk->map[schunk->map_used++] = schunk->free_size;
 
 	/* init dynamic chunk if necessary */
 	if (dyn_size) {
-		dchunk = alloc_bootmem(sizeof(struct pcpu_chunk));
+		dchunk = alloc_bootmem(pcpu_chunk_struct_size);
 		INIT_LIST_HEAD(&dchunk->list);
-		dchunk->vm = &first_vm;
+		dchunk->base_addr = base_addr;
 		dchunk->map = dmap;
 		dchunk->map_alloc = ARRAY_SIZE(dmap);
-		dchunk->page = schunk->page_ar;	/* share page map with schunk */
+		dchunk->immutable = true;
+		bitmap_fill(dchunk->populated, pcpu_unit_pages);
 
 		dchunk->contig_hint = dchunk->free_size = dyn_size;
 		dchunk->map[dchunk->map_used++] = -pcpu_reserved_chunk_limit;
 		dchunk->map[dchunk->map_used++] = dchunk->free_size;
-	}
-
-	/* allocate vm address */
-	first_vm.flags = VM_ALLOC;
-	first_vm.size = pcpu_chunk_size;
-
-	if (!base_addr)
-		vm_area_register_early(&first_vm, PAGE_SIZE);
-	else {
-		/*
-		 * Pages already mapped.  No need to remap into
-		 * vmalloc area.  In this case the first chunks can't
-		 * be mapped or unmapped by percpu and are marked
-		 * immutable.
-		 */
-		first_vm.addr = base_addr;
-		schunk->immutable = true;
-		if (dchunk)
-			dchunk->immutable = true;
-	}
-
-	/* assign pages */
-	nr_pages = -1;
-	for_each_possible_cpu(cpu) {
-		for (i = 0; i < pcpu_unit_pages; i++) {
-			struct page *page = get_page_fn(cpu, i);
-
-			if (!page)
-				break;
-			*pcpu_chunk_pagep(schunk, cpu, i) = page;
-		}
-
-		BUG_ON(i < PFN_UP(static_size));
-
-		if (nr_pages < 0)
-			nr_pages = i;
-		else
-			BUG_ON(nr_pages != i);
-	}
-
-	/* map them */
-	if (populate_pte_fn) {
-		for_each_possible_cpu(cpu)
-			for (i = 0; i < nr_pages; i++)
-				populate_pte_fn(pcpu_chunk_addr(schunk,
-								cpu, i));
-
-		err = pcpu_map(schunk, 0, nr_pages);
-		if (err)
-			panic("failed to setup static percpu area, err=%d\n",
-			      err);
 	}
 
 	/* link the first chunk in */
···
 	pcpu_chunk_relocate(pcpu_first_chunk, -1);
 
 	/* we're done */
-	pcpu_base_addr = (void *)pcpu_chunk_addr(schunk, 0, 0);
-	return pcpu_unit_size;
+	pcpu_base_addr = base_addr;
+	return 0;
 }
 
-/*
- * Embedding first chunk setup helper.
- */
-static void *pcpue_ptr __initdata;
-static size_t pcpue_size __initdata;
-static size_t pcpue_unit_size __initdata;
+const char *pcpu_fc_names[PCPU_FC_NR] __initdata = {
+	[PCPU_FC_AUTO]	= "auto",
+	[PCPU_FC_EMBED]	= "embed",
+	[PCPU_FC_PAGE]	= "page",
+};
 
-static struct page * __init pcpue_get_page(unsigned int cpu, int pageno)
+enum pcpu_fc pcpu_chosen_fc __initdata = PCPU_FC_AUTO;
+
+static int __init percpu_alloc_setup(char *str)
 {
-	size_t off = (size_t)pageno << PAGE_SHIFT;
+	if (0)
+		/* nada */;
+#ifdef CONFIG_NEED_PER_CPU_EMBED_FIRST_CHUNK
+	else if (!strcmp(str, "embed"))
+		pcpu_chosen_fc = PCPU_FC_EMBED;
+#endif
+#ifdef CONFIG_NEED_PER_CPU_PAGE_FIRST_CHUNK
+	else if (!strcmp(str, "page"))
+		pcpu_chosen_fc = PCPU_FC_PAGE;
+#endif
+	else
+		pr_warning("PERCPU: unknown allocator %s specified\n", str);
 
-	if (off >= pcpue_size)
-		return NULL;
-
-	return virt_to_page(pcpue_ptr + cpu * pcpue_unit_size + off);
+	return 0;
 }
+early_param("percpu_alloc", percpu_alloc_setup);
 
+#if defined(CONFIG_NEED_PER_CPU_EMBED_FIRST_CHUNK) || \
+	!defined(CONFIG_HAVE_SETUP_PER_CPU_AREA)
 /**
  * pcpu_embed_first_chunk - embed the first percpu chunk into bootmem
- * @static_size: the size of static percpu area in bytes
  * @reserved_size: the size of reserved percpu area in bytes
  * @dyn_size: free size for dynamic allocation in bytes, -1 for auto
- * @unit_size: unit size in bytes, must be multiple of PAGE_SIZE, -1 for auto
+ * @atom_size: allocation atom size
+ * @cpu_distance_fn: callback to determine distance between cpus, optional
+ * @alloc_fn: function to allocate percpu page
+ * @free_fn: funtion to free percpu page
  *
  * This is a helper to ease setting up embedded first percpu chunk and
  * can be called where pcpu_setup_first_chunk() is expected.
  *
  * If this function is used to setup the first chunk, it is allocated
- * as a contiguous area using bootmem allocator and used as-is without
- * being mapped into vmalloc area.  This enables the first chunk to
- * piggy back on the linear physical mapping which often uses larger
- * page size.
+ * by calling @alloc_fn and used as-is without being mapped into
+ * vmalloc area.  Allocations are always whole multiples of @atom_size
+ * aligned to @atom_size.
+ *
+ * This enables the first chunk to piggy back on the linear physical
+ * mapping which often uses larger page size.  Please note that this
+ * can result in very sparse cpu->unit mapping on NUMA machines thus
+ * requiring large vmalloc address space.  Don't use this allocator if
+ * vmalloc space is not orders of magnitude larger than distances
+ * between node memory addresses (ie. 32bit NUMA machines).
  *
  * When @dyn_size is positive, dynamic area might be larger than
- * specified to fill page alignment.  Also, when @dyn_size is auto,
- * @dyn_size does not fill the whole first chunk but only what's
- * necessary for page alignment after static and reserved areas.
+ * specified to fill page alignment.  When @dyn_size is auto,
+ * @dyn_size is just big enough to fill page alignment after static
+ * and reserved areas.
  *
  * If the needed size is smaller than the minimum or specified unit
- * size, the leftover is returned to the bootmem allocator.
+ * size, the leftover is returned using @free_fn.
  *
  * RETURNS:
- * The determined pcpu_unit_size which can be used to initialize
- * percpu access on success, -errno on failure.
+ * 0 on success, -errno on failure.
  */
-ssize_t __init pcpu_embed_first_chunk(size_t static_size, size_t reserved_size,
-				      ssize_t dyn_size, ssize_t unit_size)
+int __init pcpu_embed_first_chunk(size_t reserved_size, ssize_t dyn_size,
+				  size_t atom_size,
+				  pcpu_fc_cpu_distance_fn_t cpu_distance_fn,
+				  pcpu_fc_alloc_fn_t alloc_fn,
+				  pcpu_fc_free_fn_t free_fn)
 {
-	size_t chunk_size;
-	unsigned int cpu;
+	void *base = (void *)ULONG_MAX;
+	void **areas = NULL;
+	struct pcpu_alloc_info *ai;
+	size_t size_sum, areas_size;
+	int group, i, rc;
 
-	/* determine parameters and allocate */
-	pcpue_size = PFN_ALIGN(static_size + reserved_size +
-			       (dyn_size >= 0 ? dyn_size : 0));
-	if (dyn_size != 0)
-		dyn_size = pcpue_size - static_size - reserved_size;
+	ai = pcpu_build_alloc_info(reserved_size, dyn_size, atom_size,
+				   cpu_distance_fn);
+	if (IS_ERR(ai))
+		return PTR_ERR(ai);
 
-	if (unit_size >= 0) {
-		BUG_ON(unit_size < pcpue_size);
-		pcpue_unit_size = unit_size;
-	} else
-		pcpue_unit_size = max_t(size_t, pcpue_size, PCPU_MIN_UNIT_SIZE);
+	size_sum = ai->static_size + ai->reserved_size + ai->dyn_size;
+	areas_size = PFN_ALIGN(ai->nr_groups * sizeof(void *));
 
-	chunk_size = pcpue_unit_size * nr_cpu_ids;
-
-	pcpue_ptr = __alloc_bootmem_nopanic(chunk_size, PAGE_SIZE,
-					    __pa(MAX_DMA_ADDRESS));
-	if (!pcpue_ptr) {
-		pr_warning("PERCPU: failed to allocate %zu bytes for "
-			   "embedding\n", chunk_size);
-		return -ENOMEM;
+	areas = alloc_bootmem_nopanic(areas_size);
+	if (!areas) {
+		rc = -ENOMEM;
+		goto out_free;
 	}
 
-	/* return the leftover and copy */
-	for (cpu = 0; cpu < nr_cpu_ids; cpu++) {
-		void *ptr = pcpue_ptr + cpu * pcpue_unit_size;
+	/* allocate, copy and determine base address */
+	for (group = 0; group < ai->nr_groups; group++) {
+		struct pcpu_group_info *gi = &ai->groups[group];
+		unsigned int cpu = NR_CPUS;
+		void *ptr;
 
-		if (cpu_possible(cpu)) {
-			free_bootmem(__pa(ptr + pcpue_size),
-				     pcpue_unit_size - pcpue_size);
-			memcpy(ptr, __per_cpu_load, static_size);
-		} else
-			free_bootmem(__pa(ptr), pcpue_unit_size);
+		for (i = 0; i < gi->nr_units && cpu == NR_CPUS; i++)
+			cpu = gi->cpu_map[i];
+		BUG_ON(cpu == NR_CPUS);
+
+		/* allocate space for the whole group */
+		ptr = alloc_fn(cpu, gi->nr_units * ai->unit_size, atom_size);
+		if (!ptr) {
+			rc = -ENOMEM;
+			goto out_free_areas;
+		}
+		areas[group] = ptr;
+
+		base = min(ptr, base);
+
+		for (i = 0; i < gi->nr_units; i++, ptr += ai->unit_size) {
+			if (gi->cpu_map[i] == NR_CPUS) {
+				/* unused unit, free whole */
+				free_fn(ptr, ai->unit_size);
+				continue;
+			}
+			/* copy and return the unused part */
+			memcpy(ptr, __per_cpu_load, ai->static_size);
+			free_fn(ptr + size_sum, ai->unit_size - size_sum);
+		}
+	}
+
+	/* base address is now known, determine group base offsets */
+	for (group = 0; group < ai->nr_groups; group++)
+		ai->groups[group].base_offset = areas[group] - base;
+
+	pr_info("PERCPU: Embedded %zu pages/cpu @%p s%zu r%zu d%zu u%zu\n",
+		PFN_DOWN(size_sum), base, ai->static_size, ai->reserved_size,
+		ai->dyn_size, ai->unit_size);
+
+	rc = pcpu_setup_first_chunk(ai, base);
+	goto out_free;
+
+out_free_areas:
+	for (group = 0; group < ai->nr_groups; group++)
+		free_fn(areas[group],
+			ai->groups[group].nr_units * ai->unit_size);
+out_free:
+	pcpu_free_alloc_info(ai);
+	if (areas)
+		free_bootmem(__pa(areas), areas_size);
+	return rc;
+}
+#endif /* CONFIG_NEED_PER_CPU_EMBED_FIRST_CHUNK ||
+	  !CONFIG_HAVE_SETUP_PER_CPU_AREA */
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_NEED_PER_CPU_PAGE_FIRST_CHUNK
+/**
+ * pcpu_page_first_chunk - map the first chunk using PAGE_SIZE pages
+ * @reserved_size: the size of reserved percpu area in bytes
+ * @alloc_fn: function to allocate percpu page, always called with PAGE_SIZE
+ * @free_fn: funtion to free percpu page, always called with PAGE_SIZE
+ * @populate_pte_fn: function to populate pte
+ *
+ * This is a helper to ease setting up page-remapped first percpu
+ * chunk and can be called where pcpu_setup_first_chunk() is expected.
+ *
+ * This is the basic allocator.  Static percpu area is allocated
+ * page-by-page into vmalloc area.
+ *
+ * RETURNS:
+ * 0 on success, -errno on failure.
+ */
+int __init pcpu_page_first_chunk(size_t reserved_size,
+				 pcpu_fc_alloc_fn_t alloc_fn,
+				 pcpu_fc_free_fn_t free_fn,
+				 pcpu_fc_populate_pte_fn_t populate_pte_fn)
+{
+	static struct vm_struct vm;
+	struct pcpu_alloc_info *ai;
+	char psize_str[16];
+	int unit_pages;
+	size_t pages_size;
+	struct page **pages;
+	int unit, i, j, rc;
+
+	snprintf(psize_str, sizeof(psize_str), "%luK", PAGE_SIZE >> 10);
+
+	ai = pcpu_build_alloc_info(reserved_size, -1, PAGE_SIZE, NULL);
+	if (IS_ERR(ai))
+		return PTR_ERR(ai);
+	BUG_ON(ai->nr_groups != 1);
+	BUG_ON(ai->groups[0].nr_units != num_possible_cpus());
+
+	unit_pages = ai->unit_size >> PAGE_SHIFT;
+
+	/* unaligned allocations can't be freed, round up to page size */
+	pages_size = PFN_ALIGN(unit_pages * num_possible_cpus() *
+			       sizeof(pages[0]));
+	pages = alloc_bootmem(pages_size);
+
+	/* allocate pages */
+	j = 0;
+	for (unit = 0; unit < num_possible_cpus(); unit++)
+		for (i = 0; i < unit_pages; i++) {
+			unsigned int cpu = ai->groups[0].cpu_map[unit];
+			void *ptr;
+
+			ptr = alloc_fn(cpu, PAGE_SIZE, PAGE_SIZE);
+			if (!ptr) {
+				pr_warning("PERCPU: failed to allocate %s page "
+					   "for cpu%u\n", psize_str, cpu);
+				goto enomem;
+			}
+			pages[j++] = virt_to_page(ptr);
+		}
+
+	/* allocate vm area, map the pages and copy static data */
+	vm.flags = VM_ALLOC;
+	vm.size = num_possible_cpus() * ai->unit_size;
+	vm_area_register_early(&vm, PAGE_SIZE);
+
+	for (unit = 0; unit < num_possible_cpus(); unit++) {
+		unsigned long unit_addr =
+			(unsigned long)vm.addr + unit * ai->unit_size;
+
+		for (i = 0; i < unit_pages; i++)
+			populate_pte_fn(unit_addr + (i << PAGE_SHIFT));
+
+		/* pte already populated, the following shouldn't fail */
+		rc = __pcpu_map_pages(unit_addr, &pages[unit * unit_pages],
+				      unit_pages);
+		if (rc < 0)
+			panic("failed to map percpu area, err=%d\n", rc);
+
+		/*
+		 * FIXME: Archs with virtual cache should flush local
+		 * cache for the linear mapping here - something
+		 * equivalent to flush_cache_vmap() on the local cpu.
+		 * flush_cache_vmap() can't be used as most supporting
+		 * data structures are not set up yet.
+		 */
+
+		/* copy static data */
+		memcpy((void *)unit_addr, __per_cpu_load, ai->static_size);
 	}
 
 	/* we're ready, commit */
-	pr_info("PERCPU: Embedded %zu pages at %p, static data %zu bytes\n",
-		pcpue_size >> PAGE_SHIFT, pcpue_ptr, static_size);
+	pr_info("PERCPU: %d %s pages/cpu @%p s%zu r%zu d%zu\n",
+		unit_pages, psize_str, vm.addr, ai->static_size,
+		ai->reserved_size, ai->dyn_size);
 
-	return pcpu_setup_first_chunk(pcpue_get_page, static_size,
-				      reserved_size, dyn_size,
-				      pcpue_unit_size, pcpue_ptr, NULL);
+	rc = pcpu_setup_first_chunk(ai, vm.addr);
+	goto out_free_ar;
+
+enomem:
+	while (--j >= 0)
+		free_fn(page_address(pages[j]), PAGE_SIZE);
+	rc = -ENOMEM;
+out_free_ar:
+	free_bootmem(__pa(pages), pages_size);
+	pcpu_free_alloc_info(ai);
+	return rc;
 }
+#endif /* CONFIG_NEED_PER_CPU_PAGE_FIRST_CHUNK */
+
+/*
+ * Generic percpu area setup.
+ *
+ * The embedding helper is used because its behavior closely resembles
+ * the original non-dynamic generic percpu area setup.  This is
+ * important because many archs have addressing restrictions and might
+ * fail if the percpu area is located far away from the previous
+ * location.  As an added bonus, in non-NUMA cases, embedding is
+ * generally a good idea TLB-wise because percpu area can piggy back
+ * on the physical linear memory mapping which uses large page
+ * mappings on applicable archs.
+ */
+#ifndef CONFIG_HAVE_SETUP_PER_CPU_AREA
+unsigned long __per_cpu_offset[NR_CPUS] __read_mostly;
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(__per_cpu_offset);
+
+static void * __init pcpu_dfl_fc_alloc(unsigned int cpu, size_t size,
+				       size_t align)
+{
+	return __alloc_bootmem_nopanic(size, align, __pa(MAX_DMA_ADDRESS));
+}
+
+static void __init pcpu_dfl_fc_free(void *ptr, size_t size)
+{
+	free_bootmem(__pa(ptr), size);
+}
+
+void __init setup_per_cpu_areas(void)
+{
+	unsigned long delta;
+	unsigned int cpu;
+	int rc;
+
+	/*
+	 * Always reserve area for module percpu variables.  That's
+	 * what the legacy allocator did.
+	 */
+	rc = pcpu_embed_first_chunk(PERCPU_MODULE_RESERVE,
+				    PERCPU_DYNAMIC_RESERVE, PAGE_SIZE, NULL,
+				    pcpu_dfl_fc_alloc, pcpu_dfl_fc_free);
+	if (rc < 0)
+		panic("Failed to initialized percpu areas.");
+
+	delta = (unsigned long)pcpu_base_addr - (unsigned long)__per_cpu_start;
+	for_each_possible_cpu(cpu)
+		__per_cpu_offset[cpu] = delta + pcpu_unit_offsets[cpu];
+}
+#endif /* CONFIG_HAVE_SETUP_PER_CPU_AREA */

mm/quicklist.c

···
 #include <linux/module.h>
 #include <linux/quicklist.h>
 
-DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct quicklist, quicklist)[CONFIG_NR_QUICK];
+DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct quicklist [CONFIG_NR_QUICK], quicklist);
 
 #define FRACTION_OF_NODE_MEM	16
 

mm/slub.c

···
  */
 #define NR_KMEM_CACHE_CPU 100
 
-static DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct kmem_cache_cpu,
-				kmem_cache_cpu)[NR_KMEM_CACHE_CPU];
+static DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct kmem_cache_cpu [NR_KMEM_CACHE_CPU],
+		      kmem_cache_cpu);
 
 static DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct kmem_cache_cpu *, kmem_cache_cpu_free);
 static DECLARE_BITMAP(kmem_cach_cpu_free_init_once, CONFIG_NR_CPUS);

mm/vmalloc.c

···
 static DEFINE_SPINLOCK(vmap_area_lock);
 static struct rb_root vmap_area_root = RB_ROOT;
 static LIST_HEAD(vmap_area_list);
+static unsigned long vmap_area_pcpu_hole;
 
 static struct vmap_area *__find_vmap_area(unsigned long addr)
 {
···
 	rb_erase(&va->rb_node, &vmap_area_root);
 	RB_CLEAR_NODE(&va->rb_node);
 	list_del_rcu(&va->list);
+
+	/*
+	 * Track the highest possible candidate for pcpu area
+	 * allocation.  Areas outside of vmalloc area can be returned
+	 * here too, consider only end addresses which fall inside
+	 * vmalloc area proper.
+	 */
+	if (va->va_end > VMALLOC_START && va->va_end <= VMALLOC_END)
+		vmap_area_pcpu_hole = max(vmap_area_pcpu_hole, va->va_end);
 
 	call_rcu(&va->rcu_head, rcu_free_va);
 }
···
 		va->va_end = va->va_start + tmp->size;
 		__insert_vmap_area(va);
 	}
+
+	vmap_area_pcpu_hole = VMALLOC_END;
+
 	vmap_initialized = true;
 }
 
···
 DEFINE_RWLOCK(vmlist_lock);
 struct vm_struct *vmlist;
 
+static void insert_vmalloc_vm(struct vm_struct *vm, struct vmap_area *va,
+			      unsigned long flags, void *caller)
+{
+	struct vm_struct *tmp, **p;
+
+	vm->flags = flags;
+	vm->addr = (void *)va->va_start;
+	vm->size = va->va_end - va->va_start;
+	vm->caller = caller;
+	va->private = vm;
+	va->flags |= VM_VM_AREA;
+
+	write_lock(&vmlist_lock);
+	for (p = &vmlist; (tmp = *p) != NULL; p = &tmp->next) {
+		if (tmp->addr >= vm->addr)
+			break;
+	}
+	vm->next = *p;
+	*p = vm;
+	write_unlock(&vmlist_lock);
+}
+
 static struct vm_struct *__get_vm_area_node(unsigned long size,
 		unsigned long flags, unsigned long start, unsigned long end,
 		int node, gfp_t gfp_mask, void *caller)
 {
 	static struct vmap_area *va;
 	struct vm_struct *area;
-	struct vm_struct *tmp, **p;
 	unsigned long align = 1;
 
 	BUG_ON(in_interrupt());
···
 	if (unlikely(!size))
 		return NULL;
 
-	area = kmalloc_node(sizeof(*area), gfp_mask & GFP_RECLAIM_MASK, node);
+	area = kzalloc_node(sizeof(*area), gfp_mask & GFP_RECLAIM_MASK, node);
 	if (unlikely(!area))
 		return NULL;
 
···
 		return NULL;
 	}
 
-	area->flags = flags;
-	area->addr = (void *)va->va_start;
-	area->size = size;
-	area->pages = NULL;
-	area->nr_pages = 0;
-	area->phys_addr = 0;
-	area->caller = caller;
-	va->private = area;
-	va->flags |= VM_VM_AREA;
-
-	write_lock(&vmlist_lock);
-	for (p = &vmlist; (tmp = *p) != NULL; p = &tmp->next) {
-		if (tmp->addr >= area->addr)
-			break;
-	}
-	area->next = *p;
-	*p = area;
-	write_unlock(&vmlist_lock);
-
+	insert_vmalloc_vm(area, va, flags, caller);
 	return area;
 }
 
···
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(free_vm_area);
 
+static struct vmap_area *node_to_va(struct rb_node *n)
+{
+	return n ? rb_entry(n, struct vmap_area, rb_node) : NULL;
+}
+
+/**
+ * pvm_find_next_prev - find the next and prev vmap_area surrounding @end
+ * @end: target address
+ * @pnext: out arg for the next vmap_area
+ * @pprev: out arg for the previous vmap_area
+ *
+ * Returns: %true if either or both of next and prev are found,
+ *	    %false if no vmap_area exists
+ *
+ * Find vmap_areas end addresses of which enclose @end.  ie. if not
+ * NULL, *pnext->va_end > @end and *pprev->va_end <= @end.
+ */
+static bool pvm_find_next_prev(unsigned long end,
+			       struct vmap_area **pnext,
+			       struct vmap_area **pprev)
+{
+	struct rb_node *n = vmap_area_root.rb_node;
+	struct vmap_area *va = NULL;
+
+	while (n) {
+		va = rb_entry(n, struct vmap_area, rb_node);
+		if (end < va->va_end)
+			n = n->rb_left;
+		else if (end > va->va_end)
+			n = n->rb_right;
+		else
+			break;
+	}
+
+	if (!va)
+		return false;
+
+	if (va->va_end > end) {
+		*pnext = va;
+		*pprev = node_to_va(rb_prev(&(*pnext)->rb_node));
+	} else {
+		*pprev = va;
+		*pnext = node_to_va(rb_next(&(*pprev)->rb_node));
+	}
+	return true;
+}
+
+/**
+ * pvm_determine_end - find the highest aligned address between two vmap_areas
+ * @pnext: in/out arg for the next vmap_area
+ * @pprev: in/out arg for the previous vmap_area
+ * @align: alignment
+ *
+ * Returns: determined end address
+ *
+ * Find the highest aligned address between *@pnext and *@pprev below
+ * VMALLOC_END.  *@pnext and *@pprev are adjusted so that the aligned
+ * down address is between the end addresses of the two vmap_areas.
+ *
+ * Please note that the address returned by this function may fall
+ * inside *@pnext vmap_area.  The caller is responsible for checking
+ * that.
+ */
+static unsigned long pvm_determine_end(struct vmap_area **pnext,
+				       struct vmap_area **pprev,
+				       unsigned long align)
+{
+	const unsigned long vmalloc_end = VMALLOC_END & ~(align - 1);
+	unsigned long addr;
+
+	if (*pnext)
+		addr = min((*pnext)->va_start & ~(align - 1), vmalloc_end);
+	else
+		addr = vmalloc_end;
+
+	while (*pprev && (*pprev)->va_end > addr) {
+		*pnext = *pprev;
+		*pprev = node_to_va(rb_prev(&(*pnext)->rb_node));
+	}
+
+	return addr;
+}
+
+/**
+ * pcpu_get_vm_areas - allocate vmalloc areas for percpu allocator
+ * @offsets: array containing offset of each area
+ * @sizes: array containing size of each area
+ * @nr_vms: the number of areas to allocate
+ * @align: alignment, all entries in @offsets and @sizes must be aligned to this
+ * @gfp_mask: allocation mask
+ *
+ * Returns: kmalloc'd vm_struct pointer array pointing to allocated
+ *	    vm_structs on success, %NULL on failure
+ *
+ * Percpu allocator wants to use congruent vm areas so that it can
+ * maintain the offsets among percpu areas.  This function allocates
+ * congruent vmalloc areas for it.  These areas tend to be scattered
+ * pretty far, distance between two areas easily going up to
+ * gigabytes.  To avoid interacting with regular vmallocs, these areas
+ * are allocated from top.
+ *
+ * Despite its complicated look, this allocator is rather simple.  It
+ * does everything top-down and scans areas from the end looking for
+ * matching slot.  While scanning, if any of the areas overlaps with
+ * existing vmap_area, the base address is pulled down to fit the
+ * area.  Scanning is repeated till all the areas fit and then all
+ * necessary data structres are inserted and the result is returned.
+ */
+struct vm_struct **pcpu_get_vm_areas(const unsigned long *offsets,
+				     const size_t *sizes, int nr_vms,
+				     size_t align, gfp_t gfp_mask)
+{
+	const unsigned long vmalloc_start = ALIGN(VMALLOC_START, align);
+	const unsigned long vmalloc_end = VMALLOC_END & ~(align - 1);
+	struct vmap_area **vas, *prev, *next;
+	struct vm_struct **vms;
+	int area, area2, last_area, term_area;
+	unsigned long base, start, end, last_end;
+	bool purged = false;
+
+	gfp_mask &= GFP_RECLAIM_MASK;
+
+	/* verify parameters and allocate data structures */
+	BUG_ON(align & ~PAGE_MASK || !is_power_of_2(align));
+	for (last_area = 0, area = 0; area < nr_vms; area++) {
+		start = offsets[area];
+		end = start + sizes[area];
+
+		/* is everything aligned properly? */
+		BUG_ON(!IS_ALIGNED(offsets[area], align));
+		BUG_ON(!IS_ALIGNED(sizes[area], align));
+
+		/* detect the area with the highest address */
+		if (start > offsets[last_area])
+			last_area = area;
+
+		for (area2 = 0; area2 < nr_vms; area2++) {
+			unsigned long start2 = offsets[area2];
+			unsigned long end2 = start2 + sizes[area2];
+
+			if (area2 == area)
+				continue;
+
+			BUG_ON(start2 >= start && start2 < end);
+			BUG_ON(end2 <= end && end2 > start);
+		}
+	}
+	last_end = offsets[last_area] + sizes[last_area];
+
+	if (vmalloc_end - vmalloc_start < last_end) {
+		WARN_ON(true);
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
+	vms = kzalloc(sizeof(vms[0]) * nr_vms, gfp_mask);
+	vas = kzalloc(sizeof(vas[0]) * nr_vms, gfp_mask);
+	if (!vas || !vms)
+		goto err_free;
+
+	for (area = 0; area < nr_vms; area++) {
+		vas[area] = kzalloc(sizeof(struct vmap_area), gfp_mask);
+		vms[area] = kzalloc(sizeof(struct vm_struct), gfp_mask);
+		if (!vas[area] || !vms[area])
+			goto err_free;
+	}
+retry:
+	spin_lock(&vmap_area_lock);
+
+	/* start scanning - we scan from the top, begin with the last area */
+	area = term_area = last_area;
+	start = offsets[area];
+	end = start + sizes[area];
+
+	if (!pvm_find_next_prev(vmap_area_pcpu_hole, &next, &prev)) {
+		base = vmalloc_end - last_end;
+		goto found;
+	}
+	base = pvm_determine_end(&next, &prev, align) - end;
+
+	while (true) {
+		BUG_ON(next && next->va_end <= base + end);
+		BUG_ON(prev && prev->va_end > base + end);
+
+		/*
+		 * base might have underflowed, add last_end before
+		 * comparing.
+		 */
+		if (base + last_end < vmalloc_start + last_end) {
+			spin_unlock(&vmap_area_lock);
+			if (!purged) {
+				purge_vmap_area_lazy();
+				purged = true;
+				goto retry;
+			}
+			goto err_free;
+		}
+
+		/*
+		 * If next overlaps, move base downwards so that it's
+		 * right below next and then recheck.
+		 */
+		if (next && next->va_start < base + end) {
+			base = pvm_determine_end(&next, &prev, align) - end;
+			term_area = area;
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		/*
+		 * If prev overlaps, shift down next and prev and move
+		 * base so that it's right below new next and then
+		 * recheck.
+		 */
+		if (prev && prev->va_end > base + start)  {
+			next = prev;
+			prev = node_to_va(rb_prev(&next->rb_node));
+			base = pvm_determine_end(&next, &prev, align) - end;
+			term_area = area;
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		/*
+		 * This area fits, move on to the previous one.  If
+		 * the previous one is the terminal one, we're done.
+		 */
+		area = (area + nr_vms - 1) % nr_vms;
+		if (area == term_area)
+			break;
+		start = offsets[area];
+		end = start + sizes[area];
+		pvm_find_next_prev(base + end, &next, &prev);
+	}
+found:
+	/* we've found a fitting base, insert all va's */
+	for (area = 0; area < nr_vms; area++) {
+		struct vmap_area *va = vas[area];
+
+		va->va_start = base + offsets[area];
+		va->va_end = va->va_start + sizes[area];
+		__insert_vmap_area(va);
+	}
+
+	vmap_area_pcpu_hole = base + offsets[last_area];
+
+	spin_unlock(&vmap_area_lock);
+
+	/* insert all vm's */
+	for (area = 0; area < nr_vms; area++)
+		insert_vmalloc_vm(vms[area], vas[area], VM_ALLOC,
+				  pcpu_get_vm_areas);
+
+	kfree(vas);
+	return vms;
+
+err_free:
+	for (area = 0; area < nr_vms; area++) {
+		if (vas)
+			kfree(vas[area]);
+		if (vms)
+			kfree(vms[area]);
+	}
+	kfree(vas);
+	kfree(vms);
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+/**
+ * pcpu_free_vm_areas - free vmalloc areas for percpu allocator
+ * @vms: vm_struct pointer array returned by pcpu_get_vm_areas()
+ * @nr_vms: the number of allocated areas
+ *
+ * Free vm_structs and the array allocated by pcpu_get_vm_areas().
+ */
+void pcpu_free_vm_areas(struct vm_struct **vms, int nr_vms)
+{
+	int i;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < nr_vms; i++)
+		free_vm_area(vms[i]);
+	kfree(vms);
+}
 
 #ifdef CONFIG_PROC_FS
 static void *s_start(struct seq_file *m, loff_t *pos)

net/ipv4/syncookies.c

···
 #define COOKIEBITS 24	/* Upper bits store count */
 #define COOKIEMASK (((__u32)1 << COOKIEBITS) - 1)
 
-static DEFINE_PER_CPU(__u32, cookie_scratch)[16 + 5 + SHA_WORKSPACE_WORDS];
+static DEFINE_PER_CPU(__u32 [16 + 5 + SHA_WORKSPACE_WORDS],
+		      ipv4_cookie_scratch);
 
 static u32 cookie_hash(__be32 saddr, __be32 daddr, __be16 sport, __be16 dport,
 		       u32 count, int c)
 {
-	__u32 *tmp = __get_cpu_var(cookie_scratch);
+	__u32 *tmp = __get_cpu_var(ipv4_cookie_scratch);
 
 	memcpy(tmp + 4, syncookie_secret[c], sizeof(syncookie_secret[c]));
 	tmp[0] = (__force u32)saddr;

net/ipv6/syncookies.c

···
 	return child;
 }
 
-static DEFINE_PER_CPU(__u32, cookie_scratch)[16 + 5 + SHA_WORKSPACE_WORDS];
+static DEFINE_PER_CPU(__u32 [16 + 5 + SHA_WORKSPACE_WORDS],
+		      ipv6_cookie_scratch);
 
 static u32 cookie_hash(struct in6_addr *saddr, struct in6_addr *daddr,
 		       __be16 sport, __be16 dport, u32 count, int c)
 {
-	__u32 *tmp = __get_cpu_var(cookie_scratch);
+	__u32 *tmp = __get_cpu_var(ipv6_cookie_scratch);
 
 	/*
 	 * we have 320 bits of information to hash, copy in the remaining

net/rds/ib_stats.c

···
 #include "rds.h"
 #include "ib.h"
 
-DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct rds_ib_statistics, rds_ib_stats) ____cacheline_aligned;
+DEFINE_PER_CPU_SHARED_ALIGNED(struct rds_ib_statistics, rds_ib_stats);
 
 static const char *const rds_ib_stat_names[] = {
 	"ib_connect_raced",

net/rds/iw_stats.c

···
 #include "rds.h"
 #include "iw.h"
 
-DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct rds_iw_statistics, rds_iw_stats) ____cacheline_aligned;
+DEFINE_PER_CPU_SHARED_ALIGNED(struct rds_iw_statistics, rds_iw_stats);
 
 static const char *const rds_iw_stat_names[] = {
 	"iw_connect_raced",

net/rds/page.c

···
 	unsigned long	r_offset;
 };
 
-DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct rds_page_remainder, rds_page_remainders) ____cacheline_aligned;
+DEFINE_PER_CPU_SHARED_ALIGNED(struct rds_page_remainder, rds_page_remainders);
 
 /*
  * returns 0 on success or -errno on failure.

scripts/module-common.lds

···
+/*
+ * Common module linker script, always used when linking a module.
+ * Archs are free to supply their own linker scripts.  ld will
+ * combine them automatically.
+ */
+SECTIONS {
+	/DISCARD/ : { *(.discard) }
+}