Merge branch 'topic/snd_card_new-err' into topic/cs423x-merge

Documentation/sound/alsa/DocBook/writing-an-alsa-driver.tmpl

···
           }
 
           /* (2) */
-          card = snd_card_new(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, 0);
-          if (card == NULL)
-                  return -ENOMEM;
+          err = snd_card_create(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, 0, &card);
+          if (err < 0)
+                  return err;
 
           /* (3) */
           err = snd_mychip_create(card, pci, &chip);
···
             <programlisting>
 <![CDATA[
   struct snd_card *card;
+  int err;
   ....
-  card = snd_card_new(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, 0);
+  err = snd_card_create(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, 0, &card);
 ]]>
             </programlisting>
           </informalexample>
···
 
       <para>
         As mentioned above, to create a card instance, call
-      <function>snd_card_new()</function>.
+      <function>snd_card_create()</function>.
 
         <informalexample>
           <programlisting>
 <![CDATA[
   struct snd_card *card;
-  card = snd_card_new(index, id, module, extra_size);
+  int err;
+  err = snd_card_create(index, id, module, extra_size, &card);
 ]]>
           </programlisting>
         </informalexample>
       </para>
 
       <para>
-        The function takes four arguments, the card-index number, the
+        The function takes five arguments, the card-index number, the
         id string, the module pointer (usually
         <constant>THIS_MODULE</constant>),
-        and the size of extra-data space.  The last argument is used to
+        the size of extra-data space, and the pointer to return the
+        card instance.  The extra_size argument is used to
         allocate card-&gt;private_data for the
         chip-specific data.  Note that these data
-        are allocated by <function>snd_card_new()</function>.
+        are allocated by <function>snd_card_create()</function>.
       </para>
     </section>
 
···
       </para>
 
       <section id="card-management-chip-specific-snd-card-new">
-        <title>1. Allocating via <function>snd_card_new()</function>.</title>
+        <title>1. Allocating via <function>snd_card_create()</function>.</title>
         <para>
           As mentioned above, you can pass the extra-data-length
-	  to the 4th argument of <function>snd_card_new()</function>, i.e.
+	  to the 4th argument of <function>snd_card_create()</function>, i.e.
 
           <informalexample>
             <programlisting>
 <![CDATA[
-  card = snd_card_new(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, sizeof(struct mychip));
+  err = snd_card_create(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE,
+                        sizeof(struct mychip), &card);
 ]]>
             </programlisting>
           </informalexample>
···
 
         <para>
           After allocating a card instance via
-          <function>snd_card_new()</function> (with
-          <constant>NULL</constant> on the 4th arg), call
+          <function>snd_card_create()</function> (with
+          <constant>0</constant> on the 4th arg), call
           <function>kzalloc()</function>. 
 
           <informalexample>
···
 <![CDATA[
   struct snd_card *card;
   struct mychip *chip;
-  card = snd_card_new(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, NULL);
+  err = snd_card_create(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, 0, &card);
   .....
   chip = kzalloc(sizeof(*chip), GFP_KERNEL);
 ]]>
···
           ....
           struct snd_card *card;
           struct mychip *chip;
+          int err;
           ....
-          card = snd_card_new(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, NULL);
+          err = snd_card_create(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, 0, &card);
           ....
           chip = kzalloc(sizeof(*chip), GFP_KERNEL);
           ....
···
       </informalexample>
 
 	When you created the chip data with
-	<function>snd_card_new()</function>, it's anyway accessible
+	<function>snd_card_create()</function>, it's anyway accessible
 	via <structfield>private_data</structfield> field.
 
       <informalexample>
···
           ....
           struct snd_card *card;
           struct mychip *chip;
+          int err;
           ....
-          card = snd_card_new(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE,
-                              sizeof(struct mychip));
+          err = snd_card_create(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE,
+                                sizeof(struct mychip), &card);
           ....
           chip = card->private_data;
           ....

drivers/media/video/cx88/cx88-alsa.c

···
 		return (-ENOENT);
 	}
 
-	card = snd_card_new(index[devno], id[devno], THIS_MODULE, sizeof(snd_cx88_card_t));
-	if (!card)
-		return (-ENOMEM);
+	err = snd_card_create(index[devno], id[devno], THIS_MODULE,
+			      sizeof(snd_cx88_card_t), &card);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
 
 	card->private_free = snd_cx88_dev_free;
 

drivers/media/video/em28xx/em28xx-audio.c

···
 	printk(KERN_INFO "em28xx-audio.c: Copyright (C) 2006 Markus "
 			 "Rechberger\n");
 
-	card = snd_card_new(index[devnr], "Em28xx Audio", THIS_MODULE, 0);
-	if (card == NULL)
-		return -ENOMEM;
+	err = snd_card_create(index[devnr], "Em28xx Audio", THIS_MODULE, 0,
+			      &card);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
 
 	spin_lock_init(&adev->slock);
 	err = snd_pcm_new(card, "Em28xx Audio", 0, 0, 1, &pcm);

drivers/media/video/saa7134/saa7134-alsa.c

···
 	if (!enable[devnum])
 		return -ENODEV;
 
-	card = snd_card_new(index[devnum], id[devnum], THIS_MODULE, sizeof(snd_card_saa7134_t));
-
-	if (card == NULL)
-		return -ENOMEM;
+	err = snd_card_create(index[devnum], id[devnum], THIS_MODULE,
+			      sizeof(snd_card_saa7134_t), &card);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
 
 	strcpy(card->driver, "SAA7134");
 

drivers/staging/go7007/snd-go7007.c

···
 	spin_lock_init(&gosnd->lock);
 	gosnd->hw_ptr = gosnd->w_idx = gosnd->avail = 0;
 	gosnd->capturing = 0;
-	gosnd->card = snd_card_new(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, 0);
-	if (gosnd->card == NULL) {
+	ret = snd_card_create(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, 0,
+			      &gosnd->card);
+	if (ret < 0) {
 		kfree(gosnd);
-		return -ENOMEM;
+		return ret;
 	}
 	ret = snd_device_new(gosnd->card, SNDRV_DEV_LOWLEVEL, go,
 			&go7007_snd_device_ops);

drivers/usb/gadget/gmidi.c

···
 		.dev_free = gmidi_snd_free,
 	};
 
-	card = snd_card_new(index, id, THIS_MODULE, 0);
-	if (!card) {
-		ERROR(dev, "snd_card_new failed\n");
-		err = -ENOMEM;
+	err = snd_card_create(index, id, THIS_MODULE, 0, &card);
+	if (err < 0) {
+		ERROR(dev, "snd_card_create failed\n");
 		goto fail;
 	}
 	dev->card = card;

include/sound/core.h

···
 extern int (*snd_mixer_oss_notify_callback)(struct snd_card *card, int cmd);
 #endif
 
+int snd_card_create(int idx, const char *id,
+		    struct module *module, int extra_size,
+		    struct snd_card **card_ret);
+
+static inline __deprecated
 struct snd_card *snd_card_new(int idx, const char *id,
-			 struct module *module, int extra_size);
+			      struct module *module, int extra_size)
+{
+	struct snd_card *card;
+	if (snd_card_create(idx, id, module, extra_size, &card) < 0)
+		return NULL;
+	return card;
+}
+
 int snd_card_disconnect(struct snd_card *card);
 int snd_card_free(struct snd_card *card);
 int snd_card_free_when_closed(struct snd_card *card);

sound/aoa/core/alsa.c

···
 		/* cannot be EEXIST due to usage in aoa_fabric_register */
 		return -EBUSY;
 
-	alsa_card = snd_card_new(index, name, mod, sizeof(struct aoa_card));
-	if (!alsa_card)
-		return -ENOMEM;
+	err = snd_card_create(index, name, mod, sizeof(struct aoa_card),
+			      &alsa_card);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
 	aoa_card = alsa_card->private_data;
 	aoa_card->alsa_card = alsa_card;
 	alsa_card->dev = dev;

sound/arm/aaci.c

···
 {
 	struct aaci *aaci;
 	struct snd_card *card;
+	int err;
 
-	card = snd_card_new(SNDRV_DEFAULT_IDX1, SNDRV_DEFAULT_STR1,
-			    THIS_MODULE, sizeof(struct aaci));
-	if (card == NULL)
+	err = snd_card_create(SNDRV_DEFAULT_IDX1, SNDRV_DEFAULT_STR1,
+			      THIS_MODULE, sizeof(struct aaci), &card);
+	if (err < 0)
 		return NULL;
 
 	card->private_free = aaci_free_card;

sound/arm/pxa2xx-ac97.c

···
 	struct snd_ac97_template ac97_template;
 	int ret;
 
-	ret = -ENOMEM;
-	card = snd_card_new(SNDRV_DEFAULT_IDX1, SNDRV_DEFAULT_STR1,
-			    THIS_MODULE, 0);
-	if (!card)
+	ret = snd_card_create(SNDRV_DEFAULT_IDX1, SNDRV_DEFAULT_STR1,
+			      THIS_MODULE, 0, &card);
+	if (ret < 0)
 		goto err;
 
 	card->dev = &dev->dev;

sound/arm/sa11xx-uda1341.c

···
 	struct sa11xx_uda1341 *chip;
 
 	/* register the soundcard */
-	card = snd_card_new(-1, id, THIS_MODULE, sizeof(struct sa11xx_uda1341));
-	if (card == NULL)
-		return -ENOMEM;
+	err = snd_card_create(-1, id, THIS_MODULE,
+			      sizeof(struct sa11xx_uda1341), &card);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
 
 	chip = card->private_data;
 	spin_lock_init(&chip->s[0].dma_lock);

sound/core/init.c

···
 #endif
 
 /**
- *  snd_card_new - create and initialize a soundcard structure
+ *  snd_card_create - create and initialize a soundcard structure
  *  @idx: card index (address) [0 ... (SNDRV_CARDS-1)]
  *  @xid: card identification (ASCII string)
  *  @module: top level module for locking
  *  @extra_size: allocate this extra size after the main soundcard structure
+ *  @card_ret: the pointer to store the created card instance
  *
  *  Creates and initializes a soundcard structure.
  *
- *  Returns kmallocated snd_card structure. Creates the ALSA control interface
- *  (which is blocked until snd_card_register function is called).
+ *  The function allocates snd_card instance via kzalloc with the given
+ *  space for the driver to use freely.  The allocated struct is stored
+ *  in the given card_ret pointer.
+ *
+ *  Returns zero if successful or a negative error code.
  */
-struct snd_card *snd_card_new(int idx, const char *xid,
-			 struct module *module, int extra_size)
+int snd_card_create(int idx, const char *xid,
+		    struct module *module, int extra_size,
+		    struct snd_card **card_ret)
 {
 	struct snd_card *card;
 	int err, idx2;
 
+	if (snd_BUG_ON(!card_ret))
+		return -EINVAL;
+	*card_ret = NULL;
+
 	if (extra_size < 0)
 		extra_size = 0;
 	card = kzalloc(sizeof(*card) + extra_size, GFP_KERNEL);
-	if (card == NULL)
-		return NULL;
+	if (!card)
+		return -ENOMEM;
 	if (xid) {
-		if (!snd_info_check_reserved_words(xid))
+		if (!snd_info_check_reserved_words(xid)) {
+			snd_printk(KERN_ERR
+				   "given id string '%s' is reserved.\n", xid);
+			err = -EBUSY;
 			goto __error;
+		}
 		strlcpy(card->id, xid, sizeof(card->id));
 	}
 	err = 0;
···
 #endif
 	/* the control interface cannot be accessed from the user space until */
 	/* snd_cards_bitmask and snd_cards are set with snd_card_register */
-	if ((err = snd_ctl_create(card)) < 0) {
-		snd_printd("unable to register control minors\n");
+	err = snd_ctl_create(card);
+	if (err < 0) {
+		snd_printk(KERN_ERR "unable to register control minors\n");
 		goto __error;
 	}
-	if ((err = snd_info_card_create(card)) < 0) {
-		snd_printd("unable to create card info\n");
+	err = snd_info_card_create(card);
+	if (err < 0) {
+		snd_printk(KERN_ERR "unable to create card info\n");
 		goto __error_ctl;
 	}
 	if (extra_size > 0)
 		card->private_data = (char *)card + sizeof(struct snd_card);
-	return card;
+	*card_ret = card;
+	return 0;
 
       __error_ctl:
 	snd_device_free_all(card, SNDRV_DEV_CMD_PRE);
       __error:
 	kfree(card);
-      	return NULL;
+  	return err;
 }
-
-EXPORT_SYMBOL(snd_card_new);
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(snd_card_create);
 
 /* return non-zero if a card is already locked */
 int snd_card_locked(int card)

sound/drivers/dummy.c

···
 	int idx, err;
 	int dev = devptr->id;
 
-	card = snd_card_new(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE,
-			    sizeof(struct snd_dummy));
-	if (card == NULL)
-		return -ENOMEM;
+	err = snd_card_create(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE,
+			      sizeof(struct snd_dummy), &card);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
 	dummy = card->private_data;
 	dummy->card = card;
 	for (idx = 0; idx < MAX_PCM_DEVICES && idx < pcm_devs[dev]; idx++) {

sound/drivers/ml403-ac97cr.c

···
 	if (!enable[dev])
 		return -ENOENT;
 
-	card = snd_card_new(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, 0);
-	if (card == NULL)
-		return -ENOMEM;
+	err = snd_card_create(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, 0, &card);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
 	err = snd_ml403_ac97cr_create(card, pfdev, &ml403_ac97cr);
 	if (err < 0) {
 		PDEBUG(INIT_FAILURE, "probe(): create failed!\n");

sound/drivers/mpu401/mpu401.c

···
 		snd_printk(KERN_ERR "the uart_enter option is obsolete; remove it\n");
 
 	*rcard = NULL;
-	card = snd_card_new(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, 0);
-	if (card == NULL)
-		return -ENOMEM;
+	err = snd_card_create(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, 0, &card);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
 	strcpy(card->driver, "MPU-401 UART");
 	strcpy(card->shortname, card->driver);
 	sprintf(card->longname, "%s at %#lx, ", card->shortname, port[dev]);

sound/drivers/mtpav.c

···
 	int err;
 	struct mtpav *mtp_card;
 
-	card = snd_card_new(index, id, THIS_MODULE, sizeof(*mtp_card));
-	if (! card)
-		return -ENOMEM;
+	err = snd_card_create(index, id, THIS_MODULE, sizeof(*mtp_card), &card);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
 
 	mtp_card = card->private_data;
 	spin_lock_init(&mtp_card->spinlock);

sound/drivers/mts64.c

···
 	if ((err = snd_mts64_probe_port(p)) < 0)
 		return err;
 
-	card = snd_card_new(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, 0);
-	if (card == NULL) {
+	err = snd_card_create(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, 0, &card);
+	if (err < 0) {
 		snd_printd("Cannot create card\n");
-		return -ENOMEM;
+		return err;
 	}
 	strcpy(card->driver, DRIVER_NAME);
 	strcpy(card->shortname, "ESI " CARD_NAME);

sound/drivers/pcsp/pcsp.c

···
 	hrtimer_init(&pcsp_chip.timer, CLOCK_MONOTONIC, HRTIMER_MODE_REL);
 	pcsp_chip.timer.function = pcsp_do_timer;
 
-	card = snd_card_new(index, id, THIS_MODULE, 0);
-	if (!card)
-		return -ENOMEM;
+	err = snd_card_create(index, id, THIS_MODULE, 0, &card);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
 
 	err = snd_pcsp_create(card);
 	if (err < 0) {

sound/drivers/portman2x4.c

···
 	if ((err = snd_portman_probe_port(p)) < 0)
 		return err;
 
-	card = snd_card_new(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, 0);
-	if (card == NULL) {
+	err = snd_card_create(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, 0, &card);
+	if (err < 0) {
 		snd_printd("Cannot create card\n");
-		return -ENOMEM;
+		return err;
 	}
 	strcpy(card->driver, DRIVER_NAME);
 	strcpy(card->shortname, CARD_NAME);

sound/drivers/serial-u16550.c

···
 		return -ENODEV;
 	}
 
-	card  = snd_card_new(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, 0);
-	if (card == NULL)
-		return -ENOMEM;
+	err  = snd_card_create(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, 0, &card);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
 
 	strcpy(card->driver, "Serial");
 	strcpy(card->shortname, "Serial MIDI (UART16550A)");

sound/drivers/virmidi.c

···
 	int idx, err;
 	int dev = devptr->id;
 
-	card = snd_card_new(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE,
-			    sizeof(struct snd_card_virmidi));
-	if (card == NULL)
-		return -ENOMEM;
+	err = snd_card_create(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE,
+			      sizeof(struct snd_card_virmidi), &card);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
 	vmidi = (struct snd_card_virmidi *)card->private_data;
 	vmidi->card = card;
 

sound/isa/ad1816a/ad1816a.c

···
 	struct snd_opl3 *opl3;
 	struct snd_timer *timer;
 
-	if ((card = snd_card_new(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE,
-				 sizeof(struct snd_card_ad1816a))) == NULL)
-		return -ENOMEM;
+	error = snd_card_create(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE,
+				sizeof(struct snd_card_ad1816a), &card);
+	if (error < 0)
+		return error;
 	acard = (struct snd_card_ad1816a *)card->private_data;
 
 	if ((error = snd_card_ad1816a_pnp(dev, acard, pcard, pid))) {

sound/isa/ad1848/ad1848.c

···
 	struct snd_pcm *pcm;
 	int error;
 
-	card = snd_card_new(index[n], id[n], THIS_MODULE, 0);
-	if (!card)
-		return -EINVAL;
+	error = snd_card_create(index[n], id[n], THIS_MODULE, 0, &card);
+	if (error < 0)
+		return error;
 
 	error = snd_wss_create(card, port[n], -1, irq[n], dma1[n], -1,
 			thinkpad[n] ? WSS_HW_THINKPAD : WSS_HW_DETECT,

sound/isa/adlib.c

···
 	struct snd_opl3 *opl3;
 	int error;
 
-	card = snd_card_new(index[n], id[n], THIS_MODULE, 0);
-	if (!card) {
+	error = snd_card_create(index[n], id[n], THIS_MODULE, 0, &card);
+	if (error < 0) {
 		dev_err(dev, "could not create card\n");
-		return -EINVAL;
+		return error;
 	}
 
 	card->private_data = request_region(port[n], 4, CRD_NAME);

sound/isa/als100.c

···
 	struct snd_card_als100 *acard;
 	struct snd_opl3 *opl3;
 
-	if ((card = snd_card_new(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE,
-				 sizeof(struct snd_card_als100))) == NULL)
-		return -ENOMEM;
+	error = snd_card_create(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE,
+				sizeof(struct snd_card_als100), &card);
+	if (error < 0)
+		return error;
 	acard = card->private_data;
 
 	if ((error = snd_card_als100_pnp(dev, acard, pcard, pid))) {

sound/isa/azt2320.c

···
 	struct snd_wss *chip;
 	struct snd_opl3 *opl3;
 
-	if ((card = snd_card_new(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE,
-				 sizeof(struct snd_card_azt2320))) == NULL)
-		return -ENOMEM;
+	error = snd_card_create(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE,
+				sizeof(struct snd_card_azt2320), &card);
+	if (error < 0)
+		return error;
 	acard = (struct snd_card_azt2320 *)card->private_data;
 
 	if ((error = snd_card_azt2320_pnp(dev, acard, pcard, pid))) {

sound/isa/cmi8330.c

···
 
 #define PFX	"cmi8330: "
 
-static struct snd_card *snd_cmi8330_card_new(int dev)
+static int snd_cmi8330_card_new(int dev, struct snd_card **cardp)
 {
 	struct snd_card *card;
 	struct snd_cmi8330 *acard;
+	int err;
 
-	card = snd_card_new(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE,
-			    sizeof(struct snd_cmi8330));
-	if (card == NULL) {
+	err = snd_card_create(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE,
+			      sizeof(struct snd_cmi8330), &card);
+	if (err < 0) {
 		snd_printk(KERN_ERR PFX "could not get a new card\n");
-		return NULL;
+		return err;
 	}
 	acard = card->private_data;
 	acard->card = card;
-	return card;
+	*cardp = card;
+	return 0;
 }
 
 static int __devinit snd_cmi8330_probe(struct snd_card *card, int dev)
···
 	struct snd_card *card;
 	int err;
 
-	card = snd_cmi8330_card_new(dev);
-	if (! card)
-		return -ENOMEM;
+	err = snd_cmi8330_card_new(dev, &card);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
 	snd_card_set_dev(card, pdev);
 	if ((err = snd_cmi8330_probe(card, dev)) < 0) {
 		snd_card_free(card);
···
 	if (dev >= SNDRV_CARDS)
 		return -ENODEV;
 			       
-	card = snd_cmi8330_card_new(dev);
-	if (! card)
-		return -ENOMEM;
+	res = snd_cmi8330_card_new(dev, &card);
+	if (res < 0)
+		return res;
 	if ((res = snd_cmi8330_pnp(dev, card->private_data, pcard, pid)) < 0) {
 		snd_printk(KERN_ERR PFX "PnP detection failed\n");
 		snd_card_free(card);

sound/isa/cs423x/cs4231.c

···
 	struct snd_pcm *pcm;
 	int error;
 
-	card = snd_card_new(index[n], id[n], THIS_MODULE, 0);
-	if (!card)
-		return -EINVAL;
+	error = snd_card_create(index[n], id[n], THIS_MODULE, 0, &card);
+	if (error < 0)
+		return error;
 
 	error = snd_wss_create(card, port[n], -1, irq[n], dma1[n], dma2[n],
 			WSS_HW_DETECT, 0, &chip);

sound/isa/cs423x/cs4236.c

···
 	release_and_free_resource(acard->res_sb_port);
 }
 
-static struct snd_card *snd_cs423x_card_new(int dev)
+static int snd_cs423x_card_new(int dev, struct snd_card **cardp)
 {
 	struct snd_card *card;
+	int err;
 
-	card = snd_card_new(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE,
-			    sizeof(struct snd_card_cs4236));
-	if (card == NULL)
-		return NULL;
+	err = snd_card_create(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE,
+			      sizeof(struct snd_card_cs4236), &card);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
 	card->private_free = snd_card_cs4236_free;
-	return card;
+	*cardp = card;
+	return 0;
 }
 
 static int __devinit snd_cs423x_probe(struct snd_card *card, int dev)
···
 	struct snd_card *card;
 	int err;
 
-	card = snd_cs423x_card_new(dev);
-	if (! card)
-		return -ENOMEM;
+	err = snd_cs423x_card_new(dev, &card);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
 	snd_card_set_dev(card, pdev);
 	if ((err = snd_cs423x_probe(card, dev)) < 0) {
 		snd_card_free(card);
···
 	if (dev >= SNDRV_CARDS)
 		return -ENODEV;
 
-	card = snd_cs423x_card_new(dev);
-	if (! card)
-		return -ENOMEM;
+	err = snd_cs423x_card_new(dev, &card);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
 	if ((err = snd_card_cs4232_pnp(dev, card->private_data, pdev)) < 0) {
 		printk(KERN_ERR "PnP BIOS detection failed for " IDENT "\n");
 		snd_card_free(card);
···
 	if (dev >= SNDRV_CARDS)
 		return -ENODEV;
 
-	card = snd_cs423x_card_new(dev);
-	if (! card)
-		return -ENOMEM;
+	res = snd_cs423x_card_new(dev, &card);
+	if (res < 0)
+		return res;
 	if ((res = snd_card_cs423x_pnpc(dev, card->private_data, pcard, pid)) < 0) {
 		printk(KERN_ERR "isapnp detection failed and probing for " IDENT
 		       " is not supported\n");

sound/isa/dt019x.c

···
 	struct snd_card_dt019x *acard;
 	struct snd_opl3 *opl3;
 
-	if ((card = snd_card_new(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE,
-				 sizeof(struct snd_card_dt019x))) == NULL)
-		return -ENOMEM;
+	error = snd_card_create(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE,
+				sizeof(struct snd_card_dt019x), &card);
+	if (error < 0)
+		return error;
 	acard = card->private_data;
 
 	snd_card_set_dev(card, &pcard->card->dev);

sound/isa/es1688/es1688.c

···
 	struct snd_pcm *pcm;
 	int error;
 
-	card = snd_card_new(index[n], id[n], THIS_MODULE, 0);
-	if (!card)
-		return -EINVAL;
+	error = snd_card_create(index[n], id[n], THIS_MODULE, 0, &card);
+	if (error < 0)
+		return error;
 
 	error = snd_es1688_legacy_create(card, dev, n, &chip);
 	if (error < 0)

sound/isa/es18xx.c

···
 #define is_isapnp_selected(dev)		0
 #endif
 
-static struct snd_card *snd_es18xx_card_new(int dev)
+static int snd_es18xx_card_new(int dev, struct snd_card **cardp)
 {
-	return snd_card_new(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE,
-			    sizeof(struct snd_audiodrive));
+	return snd_card_create(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE,
+			       sizeof(struct snd_audiodrive), cardp);
 }
 
 static int __devinit snd_audiodrive_probe(struct snd_card *card, int dev)
···
 	struct snd_card *card;
 	int err;
 
-	card = snd_es18xx_card_new(dev);
-	if (! card)
-		return -ENOMEM;
+	err = snd_es18xx_card_new(dev, &card);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
 	snd_card_set_dev(card, devptr);
 	if ((err = snd_audiodrive_probe(card, dev)) < 0) {
 		snd_card_free(card);
···
 	if (dev >= SNDRV_CARDS)
 		return -ENODEV;
 
-	card = snd_es18xx_card_new(dev);
-	if (! card)
-		return -ENOMEM;
+	err = snd_es18xx_card_new(dev, &card);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
 	if ((err = snd_audiodrive_pnp(dev, card->private_data, pdev)) < 0) {
 		snd_card_free(card);
 		return err;
···
 	if (dev >= SNDRV_CARDS)
 		return -ENODEV;
 
-	card = snd_es18xx_card_new(dev);
-	if (! card)
-		return -ENOMEM;
+	res = snd_es18xx_card_new(dev, &card);
+	if (res < 0)
+		return res;
 
 	if ((res = snd_audiodrive_pnpc(dev, card->private_data, pcard, pid)) < 0) {
 		snd_card_free(card);

sound/isa/gus/gusclassic.c

···
 	struct snd_gus_card *gus;
 	int error;
 
-	card = snd_card_new(index[n], id[n], THIS_MODULE, 0);
-	if (!card)
-		return -EINVAL;
+	error = snd_card_create(index[n], id[n], THIS_MODULE, 0, &card);
+	if (error < 0)
+		return error;
 
 	if (pcm_channels[n] < 2)
 		pcm_channels[n] = 2;

sound/isa/gus/gusextreme.c

···
 	struct snd_opl3 *opl3;
 	int error;
 
-	card = snd_card_new(index[n], id[n], THIS_MODULE, 0);
-	if (!card)
-		return -EINVAL;
+	error = snd_card_create(index[n], id[n], THIS_MODULE, 0, &card);
+	if (error < 0)
+		return error;
 
 	if (mpu_port[n] == SNDRV_AUTO_PORT)
 		mpu_port[n] = 0;

sound/isa/gus/gusmax.c

···
 	struct snd_wss *wss;
 	struct snd_gusmax *maxcard;
 
-	card = snd_card_new(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE,
-			    sizeof(struct snd_gusmax));
-	if (card == NULL)
-		return -ENOMEM;
+	err = snd_card_create(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE,
+			      sizeof(struct snd_gusmax), &card);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
 	card->private_free = snd_gusmax_free;
 	maxcard = (struct snd_gusmax *)card->private_data;
 	maxcard->card = card;

sound/isa/gus/interwave.c

···
 		free_irq(iwcard->irq, (void *)iwcard);
 }
 
-static struct snd_card *snd_interwave_card_new(int dev)
+static int snd_interwave_card_new(int dev, struct snd_card **cardp)
 {
 	struct snd_card *card;
 	struct snd_interwave *iwcard;
+	int err;
 
-	card = snd_card_new(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE,
-			    sizeof(struct snd_interwave));
-	if (card == NULL)
-		return NULL;
+	err = snd_card_create(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE,
+			      sizeof(struct snd_interwave), &card);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
 	iwcard = card->private_data;
 	iwcard->card = card;
 	iwcard->irq = -1;
 	card->private_free = snd_interwave_free;
-	return card;
+	*cardp = card;
+	return 0;
 }
 
 static int __devinit snd_interwave_probe(struct snd_card *card, int dev)
···
 	struct snd_card *card;
 	int err;
 
-	card = snd_interwave_card_new(dev);
-	if (! card)
-		return -ENOMEM;
+	err = snd_interwave_card_new(dev, &card);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
 
 	snd_card_set_dev(card, devptr);
 	if ((err = snd_interwave_probe(card, dev)) < 0) {
···
 	if (dev >= SNDRV_CARDS)
 		return -ENODEV;
 				
-	card = snd_interwave_card_new(dev);
-	if (! card)
-		return -ENOMEM;
+	res = snd_interwave_card_new(dev, &card);
+	if (res < 0)
+		return res;
 
 	if ((res = snd_interwave_pnp(dev, card->private_data, pcard, pid)) < 0) {
 		snd_card_free(card);

sound/isa/opl3sa2.c

···
 	release_and_free_resource(chip->res_port);
 }
 
-static struct snd_card *snd_opl3sa2_card_new(int dev)
+static int snd_opl3sa2_card_new(int dev, struct snd_card **cardp)
 {
 	struct snd_card *card;
 	struct snd_opl3sa2 *chip;
+	int err;
 
-	card = snd_card_new(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, sizeof(struct snd_opl3sa2));
-	if (card == NULL)
-		return NULL;
+	err = snd_card_create(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE,
+			      sizeof(struct snd_opl3sa2), &card);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
 	strcpy(card->driver, "OPL3SA2");
 	strcpy(card->shortname, "Yamaha OPL3-SA2");
 	chip = card->private_data;
 	spin_lock_init(&chip->reg_lock);
 	chip->irq = -1;
 	card->private_free = snd_opl3sa2_free;
-	return card;
+	*cardp = card;
+	return 0;
 }
 
 static int __devinit snd_opl3sa2_probe(struct snd_card *card, int dev)
···
 	if (dev >= SNDRV_CARDS)
 		return -ENODEV;
 
-	card = snd_opl3sa2_card_new(dev);
-	if (! card)
-		return -ENOMEM;
+	err = snd_opl3sa2_card_new(dev, &card);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
 	if ((err = snd_opl3sa2_pnp(dev, card->private_data, pdev)) < 0) {
 		snd_card_free(card);
 		return err;
···
 	if (dev >= SNDRV_CARDS)
 		return -ENODEV;
 
-	card = snd_opl3sa2_card_new(dev);
-	if (! card)
-		return -ENOMEM;
+	err = snd_opl3sa2_card_new(dev, &card);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
 	if ((err = snd_opl3sa2_pnp(dev, card->private_data, pdev)) < 0) {
 		snd_card_free(card);
 		return err;
···
 	struct snd_card *card;
 	int err;
 
-	card = snd_opl3sa2_card_new(dev);
-	if (! card)
-		return -ENOMEM;
+	err = snd_opl3sa2_card_new(dev, &card);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
 	snd_card_set_dev(card, pdev);
 	if ((err = snd_opl3sa2_probe(card, dev)) < 0) {
 		snd_card_free(card);

sound/isa/opti9xx/miro.c

···
 	struct snd_pcm *pcm;
 	struct snd_rawmidi *rmidi;
 
-	if (!(card = snd_card_new(index, id, THIS_MODULE,
-				  sizeof(struct snd_miro))))
-		return -ENOMEM;
+	error = snd_card_create(index, id, THIS_MODULE,
+				sizeof(struct snd_miro), &card);
+	if (error < 0)
+		return error;
 
 	card->private_free = snd_card_miro_free;
 	miro = card->private_data;

sound/isa/opti9xx/opti92x-ad1848.c

···
 	return snd_card_register(card);
 }
 
-static struct snd_card *snd_opti9xx_card_new(void)
+static int snd_opti9xx_card_new(struct snd_card **cardp)
 {
 	struct snd_card *card;
+	int err;
 
-	card = snd_card_new(index, id, THIS_MODULE, sizeof(struct snd_opti9xx));
-	if (! card)
-		return NULL;
+	err = snd_card_create(index, id, THIS_MODULE,
+			      sizeof(struct snd_opti9xx), &card);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
 	card->private_free = snd_card_opti9xx_free;
-	return card;
+	*cardp = card;
+	return 0;
 }
 
 static int __devinit snd_opti9xx_isa_match(struct device *devptr,
···
 	}
 #endif
 
-	card = snd_opti9xx_card_new();
-	if (! card)
-		return -ENOMEM;
+	error = snd_opti9xx_card_new(&card);
+	if (error < 0)
+		return error;
 
 	if ((error = snd_card_opti9xx_detect(card, card->private_data)) < 0) {
 		snd_card_free(card);
···
 		return -EBUSY;
 	if (! isapnp)
 		return -ENODEV;
-	card = snd_opti9xx_card_new();
-	if (! card)
-		return -ENOMEM;
+	error = snd_opti9xx_card_new(&card);
+	if (error < 0)
+		return error;
 	chip = card->private_data;
 
 	hw = snd_card_opti9xx_pnp(chip, pcard, pid);

sound/isa/sb/es968.c

···
 	struct snd_card *card;
 	struct snd_card_es968 *acard;
 
-	if ((card = snd_card_new(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE,
-				 sizeof(struct snd_card_es968))) == NULL)
-		return -ENOMEM;
+	error = snd_card_create(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE,
+				sizeof(struct snd_card_es968), &card);
+	if (error < 0)
+		return error;
 	acard = card->private_data;
 	if ((error = snd_card_es968_pnp(dev, acard, pcard, pid))) {
 		snd_card_free(card);

sound/isa/sb/sb16.c

···
 #define is_isapnp_selected(dev)		0
 #endif
 
-static struct snd_card *snd_sb16_card_new(int dev)
+static int snd_sb16_card_new(int dev, struct snd_card **cardp)
 {
-	struct snd_card *card = snd_card_new(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE,
-					sizeof(struct snd_card_sb16));
-	if (card == NULL)
-		return NULL;
+	struct snd_card *card;
+	int err;
+
+	err = snd_card_create(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE,
+			      sizeof(struct snd_card_sb16), &card);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
 	card->private_free = snd_sb16_free;
-	return card;
+	*cardp = card;
+	return 0;
 }
 
 static int __devinit snd_sb16_probe(struct snd_card *card, int dev)
···
 	struct snd_card *card;
 	int err;
 
-	card = snd_sb16_card_new(dev);
-	if (! card)
-		return -ENOMEM;
+	err = snd_sb16_card_new(dev, &card);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
 
 	acard = card->private_data;
 	/* non-PnP FM port address is hardwired with base port address */
···
 	for ( ; dev < SNDRV_CARDS; dev++) {
 		if (!enable[dev] || !isapnp[dev])
 			continue;
-		card = snd_sb16_card_new(dev);
-		if (! card)
-			return -ENOMEM;
+		res = snd_sb16_card_new(dev, &card);
+		if (res < 0)
+			return res;
 		snd_card_set_dev(card, &pcard->card->dev);
 		if ((res = snd_card_sb16_pnp(dev, card->private_data, pcard, pid)) < 0 ||
 		    (res = snd_sb16_probe(card, dev)) < 0) {

sound/isa/sb/sb8.c

···
 	struct snd_opl3 *opl3;
 	int err;
 
-	card = snd_card_new(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE,
-			    sizeof(struct snd_sb8));
-	if (card == NULL)
-		return -ENOMEM;
+	err = snd_card_create(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE,
+			      sizeof(struct snd_sb8), &card);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
 	acard = card->private_data;
 	card->private_free = snd_sb8_free;
 

sound/isa/sc6000.c

···
 	char __iomem *vmss_port;
 
 
-	card = snd_card_new(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, 0);
-	if (!card)
-		return -ENOMEM;
+	err = snd_card_create(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, 0, &card);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
 
 	if (xirq == SNDRV_AUTO_IRQ) {
 		xirq = snd_legacy_find_free_irq(possible_irqs);

sound/isa/sgalaxy.c

···
 	struct snd_card *card;
 	struct snd_wss *chip;
 
-	card = snd_card_new(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, 0);
-	if (card == NULL)
-		return -ENOMEM;
+	err = snd_card_create(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, 0, &card);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
 
 	xirq = irq[dev];
 	if (xirq == SNDRV_AUTO_IRQ) {

sound/isa/sscape.c

···
 	struct soundscape *sscape;
 	int ret;
 
-	card = snd_card_new(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE,
-			    sizeof(struct soundscape));
-	if (!card)
-		return -ENOMEM;
+	ret = snd_card_create(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE,
+			      sizeof(struct soundscape), &card);
+	if (ret < 0)
+		return ret;
 
 	sscape = get_card_soundscape(card);
 	sscape->type = SSCAPE;
···
 	 * Create a new ALSA sound card entry, in anticipation
 	 * of detecting our hardware ...
 	 */
-	card = snd_card_new(index[idx], id[idx], THIS_MODULE,
-			    sizeof(struct soundscape));
-	if (!card)
-		return -ENOMEM;
+	ret = snd_card_create(index[idx], id[idx], THIS_MODULE,
+			      sizeof(struct soundscape), &card);
+	if (ret < 0)
+		return ret;
 
 	sscape = get_card_soundscape(card);
 

sound/isa/wavefront/wavefront.c

···
 	}
 }
 
-static struct snd_card *snd_wavefront_card_new(int dev)
+static int snd_wavefront_card_new(int dev, struct snd_card **cardp)
 {
 	struct snd_card *card;
 	snd_wavefront_card_t *acard;
+	int err;
 
-	card = snd_card_new (index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE,
-			     sizeof(snd_wavefront_card_t));
-	if (card == NULL)
-		return NULL;
+	err = snd_card_create(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE,
+			      sizeof(snd_wavefront_card_t), &card);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
 
 	acard = card->private_data;
 	acard->wavefront.irq = -1;
···
 	acard->wavefront.card = card;
 	card->private_free = snd_wavefront_free;
 
-	return card;
+	*cardp = card;
+	return 0;
 }
 
 static int __devinit
···
 	struct snd_card *card;
 	int err;
 
-	card = snd_wavefront_card_new(dev);
-	if (! card)
-		return -ENOMEM;
+	err = snd_wavefront_card_new(dev, &card);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
 	snd_card_set_dev(card, pdev);
 	if ((err = snd_wavefront_probe(card, dev)) < 0) {
 		snd_card_free(card);
···
 	if (dev >= SNDRV_CARDS)
 		return -ENODEV;
 
-	card = snd_wavefront_card_new(dev);
-	if (! card)
-		return -ENOMEM;
+	res = snd_wavefront_card_new(dev, &card);
+	if (res < 0)
+		return res;
 
 	if (snd_wavefront_pnp (dev, card->private_data, pcard, pid) < 0) {
 		if (cs4232_pcm_port[dev] == SNDRV_AUTO_PORT) {

sound/mips/au1x00.c

···
 	struct snd_card *card;
 	struct snd_au1000 *au1000;
 
-	card = snd_card_new(-1, "AC97", THIS_MODULE, sizeof(struct snd_au1000));
-	if (card == NULL)
-		return -ENOMEM;
+	err = snd_card_create(-1, "AC97", THIS_MODULE,
+			      sizeof(struct snd_au1000), &card);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
 
 	card->private_free = snd_au1000_free;
 	au1000 = card->private_data;

sound/mips/hal2.c

···
 	struct snd_hal2 *chip;
 	int err;
 
-	card = snd_card_new(index, id, THIS_MODULE, 0);
-	if (card == NULL)
-		return -ENOMEM;
+	err = snd_card_create(index, id, THIS_MODULE, 0, &card);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
 
 	err = hal2_create(card, &chip);
 	if (err < 0) {

sound/mips/sgio2audio.c

···
 	struct snd_sgio2audio *chip;
 	int err;
 
-	card = snd_card_new(index, id, THIS_MODULE, 0);
-	if (card == NULL)
-		return -ENOMEM;
+	err = snd_card_create(index, id, THIS_MODULE, 0, &card);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
 
 	err = snd_sgio2audio_create(card, &chip);
 	if (err < 0) {

sound/parisc/harmony.c

···
 	struct snd_card *card;
 	struct snd_harmony *h;
 
-	card = snd_card_new(index, id, THIS_MODULE, 0);
-	if (card == NULL)
-		return -ENOMEM;
+	err = snd_card_create(index, id, THIS_MODULE, 0, &card);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
 
 	err = snd_harmony_create(card, padev, &h);
 	if (err < 0)

sound/pci/ad1889.c

···
 	}
 
 	/* (2) */
-	card = snd_card_new(index[devno], id[devno], THIS_MODULE, 0);
+	err = snd_card_create(index[devno], id[devno], THIS_MODULE, 0, &card);
 	/* XXX REVISIT: we can probably allocate chip in this call */
-	if (card == NULL)
-		return -ENOMEM;
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
 
 	strcpy(card->driver, "AD1889");
 	strcpy(card->shortname, "Analog Devices AD1889");

sound/pci/ali5451/ali5451.c

···
 
 	snd_ali_printk("probe ...\n");
 
-	card = snd_card_new(index, id, THIS_MODULE, 0);
-	if (!card)
-		return -ENOMEM;
+	err = snd_card_create(index, id, THIS_MODULE, 0, &card);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
 
 	err = snd_ali_create(card, pci, pcm_channels, spdif, &codec);
 	if (err < 0)

sound/pci/als300.c

···
 		return -ENOENT;
 	}
 
-	card = snd_card_new(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, 0);
+	err = snd_card_create(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, 0, &card);
 
-	if (card == NULL)
-		return -ENOMEM;
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
 
 	chip_type = pci_id->driver_data;
 

sound/pci/als4000.c

···
 	pci_write_config_word(pci, PCI_COMMAND, word | PCI_COMMAND_IO);
 	pci_set_master(pci);
 	
-	card = snd_card_new(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, 
-			    sizeof(*acard) /* private_data: acard */);
-	if (card == NULL) {
+	err = snd_card_create(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, 
+			      sizeof(*acard) /* private_data: acard */,
+			      &card);
+	if (err < 0) {
 		pci_release_regions(pci);
 		pci_disable_device(pci);
-		return -ENOMEM;
+		return err;
 	}
 
 	acard = card->private_data;

sound/pci/atiixp.c

···
 	struct atiixp *chip;
 	int err;
 
-	card = snd_card_new(index, id, THIS_MODULE, 0);
-	if (card == NULL)
-		return -ENOMEM;
+	err = snd_card_create(index, id, THIS_MODULE, 0, &card);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
 
 	strcpy(card->driver, spdif_aclink ? "ATIIXP" : "ATIIXP-SPDMA");
 	strcpy(card->shortname, "ATI IXP");

sound/pci/atiixp_modem.c

···
 	struct atiixp_modem *chip;
 	int err;
 
-	card = snd_card_new(index, id, THIS_MODULE, 0);
-	if (card == NULL)
-		return -ENOMEM;
+	err = snd_card_create(index, id, THIS_MODULE, 0, &card);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
 
 	strcpy(card->driver, "ATIIXP-MODEM");
 	strcpy(card->shortname, "ATI IXP Modem");

sound/pci/au88x0/au88x0.c

···
 		return -ENOENT;
 	}
 	// (2)
-	card = snd_card_new(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, 0);
-	if (card == NULL)
-		return -ENOMEM;
+	err = snd_card_create(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, 0, &card);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
 
 	// (3)
 	if ((err = snd_vortex_create(card, pci, &chip)) < 0) {

sound/pci/aw2/aw2-alsa.c

···
 	}
 
 	/* (2) Create card instance */
-	card = snd_card_new(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, 0);
-	if (card == NULL)
-		return -ENOMEM;
+	err = snd_card_create(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, 0, &card);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
 
 	/* (3) Create main component */
 	err = snd_aw2_create(card, pci, &chip);

sound/pci/azt3328.c

···
 		return -ENOENT;
 	}
 
-	card = snd_card_new(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, 0);
-	if (card == NULL)
-		return -ENOMEM;
+	err = snd_card_create(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, 0, &card);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
 
 	strcpy(card->driver, "AZF3328");
 	strcpy(card->shortname, "Aztech AZF3328 (PCI168)");

sound/pci/bt87x.c

···
 		return -ENOENT;
 	}
 
-	card = snd_card_new(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, 0);
-	if (!card)
-		return -ENOMEM;
+	err = snd_card_create(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, 0, &card);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
 
 	err = snd_bt87x_create(card, pci, &chip);
 	if (err < 0)

sound/pci/ca0106/ca0106_main.c

···
 		return -ENOENT;
 	}
 
-	card = snd_card_new(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, 0);
-	if (card == NULL)
-		return -ENOMEM;
+	err = snd_card_create(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, 0, &card);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
 
 	err = snd_ca0106_create(dev, card, pci, &chip);
 	if (err < 0)

sound/pci/cmipci.c

···
 		return -ENOENT;
 	}
 
-	card = snd_card_new(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, 0);
-	if (card == NULL)
-		return -ENOMEM;
+	err = snd_card_create(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, 0, &card);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
 	
 	switch (pci->device) {
 	case PCI_DEVICE_ID_CMEDIA_CM8738:

sound/pci/cs4281.c

···
 		return -ENOENT;
 	}
 
-	card = snd_card_new(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, 0);
-	if (card == NULL)
-		return -ENOMEM;
+	err = snd_card_create(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, 0, &card);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
 
 	if ((err = snd_cs4281_create(card, pci, &chip, dual_codec[dev])) < 0) {
 		snd_card_free(card);

sound/pci/cs46xx/cs46xx.c

···
 		return -ENOENT;
 	}
 
-	card = snd_card_new(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, 0);
-	if (card == NULL)
-		return -ENOMEM;
+	err = snd_card_create(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, 0, &card);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
 	if ((err = snd_cs46xx_create(card, pci,
 				     external_amp[dev], thinkpad[dev],
 				     &chip)) < 0) {

sound/pci/cs5530.c

···
 		return -ENOENT;
 	}
 
-	card = snd_card_new(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, 0);
+	err = snd_card_create(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, 0, &card);
 
-	if (card == NULL)
-		return -ENOMEM;
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
 
 	err = snd_cs5530_create(card, pci, &chip);
 	if (err < 0) {

sound/pci/cs5535audio/cs5535audio.c

···
 		return -ENOENT;
 	}
 
-	card = snd_card_new(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, 0);
-	if (card == NULL)
-		return -ENOMEM;
+	err = snd_card_create(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, 0, &card);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
 
 	if ((err = snd_cs5535audio_create(card, pci, &cs5535au)) < 0)
 		goto probefail_out;

sound/pci/echoaudio/echoaudio.c

···
 
 	DE_INIT(("Echoaudio driver starting...\n"));
 	i = 0;
-	card = snd_card_new(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, 0);
-	if (card == NULL)
-		return -ENOMEM;
+	err = snd_card_create(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, 0, &card);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
 
 	snd_card_set_dev(card, &pci->dev);
 

sound/pci/emu10k1/emu10k1.c

···
 		return -ENOENT;
 	}
 
-	card = snd_card_new(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, 0);
-	if (card == NULL)
-		return -ENOMEM;
+	err = snd_card_create(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, 0, &card);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
 	if (max_buffer_size[dev] < 32)
 		max_buffer_size[dev] = 32;
 	else if (max_buffer_size[dev] > 1024)

sound/pci/emu10k1/emu10k1x.c

···
 		return -ENOENT;
 	}
 
-	card = snd_card_new(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, 0);
-	if (card == NULL)
-		return -ENOMEM;
+	err = snd_card_create(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, 0, &card);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
 
 	if ((err = snd_emu10k1x_create(card, pci, &chip)) < 0) {
 		snd_card_free(card);

sound/pci/ens1370.c

···
 		return -ENOENT;
 	}
 
-	card = snd_card_new(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, 0);
-	if (card == NULL)
-		return -ENOMEM;
+	err = snd_card_create(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, 0, &card);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
 
 	if ((err = snd_ensoniq_create(card, pci, &ensoniq)) < 0) {
 		snd_card_free(card);

sound/pci/es1938.c

···
 		return -ENOENT;
 	}
 
-	card = snd_card_new(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, 0);
-	if (card == NULL)
-		return -ENOMEM;
+	err = snd_card_create(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, 0, &card);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
 	for (idx = 0; idx < 5; idx++) {
 		if (pci_resource_start(pci, idx) == 0 ||
 		    !(pci_resource_flags(pci, idx) & IORESOURCE_IO)) {

sound/pci/es1968.c

···
 		return -ENOENT;
 	}
 
-	card = snd_card_new(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, 0);
-	if (!card)
-		return -ENOMEM;
+	err = snd_card_create(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, 0, &card);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
                 
 	if (total_bufsize[dev] < 128)
 		total_bufsize[dev] = 128;

sound/pci/fm801.c

···
 		return -ENOENT;
 	}
 
-	card = snd_card_new(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, 0);
-	if (card == NULL)
-		return -ENOMEM;
+	err = snd_card_create(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, 0, &card);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
 	if ((err = snd_fm801_create(card, pci, tea575x_tuner[dev], &chip)) < 0) {
 		snd_card_free(card);
 		return err;

sound/pci/hda/hda_intel.c

···
 		return -ENOENT;
 	}
 
-	card = snd_card_new(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, 0);
-	if (!card) {
+	err = snd_card_create(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, 0, &card);
+	if (err < 0) {
 		snd_printk(KERN_ERR SFX "Error creating card!\n");
-		return -ENOMEM;
+		return err;
 	}
 
 	err = azx_create(card, pci, dev, pci_id->driver_data, &chip);

sound/pci/ice1712/ice1712.c

···
 		return -ENOENT;
 	}
 
-	card = snd_card_new(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, 0);
-	if (card == NULL)
-		return -ENOMEM;
+	err = snd_card_create(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, 0, &card);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
 
 	strcpy(card->driver, "ICE1712");
 	strcpy(card->shortname, "ICEnsemble ICE1712");

sound/pci/ice1712/ice1724.c

···
 		return -ENOENT;
 	}
 
-	card = snd_card_new(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, 0);
-	if (card == NULL)
-		return -ENOMEM;
+	err = snd_card_create(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, 0, &card);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
 
 	strcpy(card->driver, "ICE1724");
 	strcpy(card->shortname, "ICEnsemble ICE1724");

sound/pci/intel8x0.c

···
 	int err;
 	struct shortname_table *name;
 
-	card = snd_card_new(index, id, THIS_MODULE, 0);
-	if (card == NULL)
-		return -ENOMEM;
+	err = snd_card_create(index, id, THIS_MODULE, 0, &card);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
 
 	if (spdif_aclink < 0)
 		spdif_aclink = check_default_spdif_aclink(pci);

sound/pci/intel8x0m.c

···
 	int err;
 	struct shortname_table *name;
 
-	card = snd_card_new(index, id, THIS_MODULE, 0);
-	if (card == NULL)
-		return -ENOMEM;
+	err = snd_card_create(index, id, THIS_MODULE, 0, &card);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
 
 	strcpy(card->driver, "ICH-MODEM");
 	strcpy(card->shortname, "Intel ICH");

sound/pci/korg1212/korg1212.c

···
 		dev++;
 		return -ENOENT;
 	}
-	card = snd_card_new(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, 0);
-        if (card == NULL)
-		return -ENOMEM;
+	err = snd_card_create(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, 0, &card);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
 
         if ((err = snd_korg1212_create(card, pci, &korg1212)) < 0) {
 		snd_card_free(card);

sound/pci/maestro3.c

···
 		return -ENOENT;
 	}
 
-	card = snd_card_new(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, 0);
-	if (card == NULL)
-		return -ENOMEM;
+	err = snd_card_create(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, 0, &card);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
 
 	switch (pci->device) {
 	case PCI_DEVICE_ID_ESS_ALLEGRO:

sound/pci/mixart/mixart.c

···
 		else
 			idx = index[dev] + i;
 		snprintf(tmpid, sizeof(tmpid), "%s-%d", id[dev] ? id[dev] : "MIXART", i);
-		card = snd_card_new(idx, tmpid, THIS_MODULE, 0);
+		err = snd_card_create(idx, tmpid, THIS_MODULE, 0, &card);
 
-		if (! card) {
+		if (err < 0) {
 			snd_printk(KERN_ERR "cannot allocate the card %d\n", i);
 			snd_mixart_free(mgr);
-			return -ENOMEM;
+			return err;
 		}
 
 		strcpy(card->driver, CARD_NAME);

sound/pci/nm256/nm256.c

···
 		}
 	}
 
-	card = snd_card_new(index, id, THIS_MODULE, 0);
-	if (card == NULL)
-		return -ENOMEM;
+	err = snd_card_create(index, id, THIS_MODULE, 0, &card);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
 
 	switch (pci->device) {
 	case PCI_DEVICE_ID_NEOMAGIC_NM256AV_AUDIO:

sound/pci/oxygen/oxygen_lib.c

···
 	struct oxygen *chip;
 	int err;
 
-	card = snd_card_new(index, id, model->owner,
-			    sizeof *chip + model->model_data_size);
-	if (!card)
-		return -ENOMEM;
+	err = snd_card_create(index, id, model->owner,
+			      sizeof(*chip) + model->model_data_size, &card);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
 
 	chip = card->private_data;
 	chip->card = card;

sound/pci/pcxhr/pcxhr.c

···
 
 		snprintf(tmpid, sizeof(tmpid), "%s-%d",
 			 id[dev] ? id[dev] : card_name, i);
-		card = snd_card_new(idx, tmpid, THIS_MODULE, 0);
+		err = snd_card_create(idx, tmpid, THIS_MODULE, 0, &card);
 
-		if (! card) {
+		if (err < 0) {
 			snd_printk(KERN_ERR "cannot allocate the card %d\n", i);
 			pcxhr_free(mgr);
-			return -ENOMEM;
+			return err;
 		}
 
 		strcpy(card->driver, DRIVER_NAME);

sound/pci/riptide/riptide.c

···
 		return -ENOENT;
 	}
 
-	card = snd_card_new(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, 0);
-	if (card == NULL)
-		return -ENOMEM;
+	err = snd_card_create(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, 0, &card);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
 	if ((err = snd_riptide_create(card, pci, &chip)) < 0) {
 		snd_card_free(card);
 		return err;

sound/pci/rme32.c

···
 		return -ENOENT;
 	}
 
-	if ((card = snd_card_new(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE,
-				 sizeof(struct rme32))) == NULL)
-		return -ENOMEM;
+	err = snd_card_create(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE,
+			      sizeof(struct rme32), &card);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
 	card->private_free = snd_rme32_card_free;
 	rme32 = (struct rme32 *) card->private_data;
 	rme32->card = card;

sound/pci/rme96.c

···
 		dev++;
 		return -ENOENT;
 	}
-	if ((card = snd_card_new(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE,
-				 sizeof(struct rme96))) == NULL)
-		return -ENOMEM;
+	err = snd_card_create(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE,
+			      sizeof(struct rme96), &card);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
 	card->private_free = snd_rme96_card_free;
 	rme96 = (struct rme96 *)card->private_data;	
 	rme96->card = card;

sound/pci/rme9652/hdsp.c

···
 		return -ENOENT;
 	}
 
-	if (!(card = snd_card_new(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, sizeof(struct hdsp))))
-		return -ENOMEM;
+	err = snd_card_create(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE,
+			      sizeof(struct hdsp), &card);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
 
 	hdsp = (struct hdsp *) card->private_data;
 	card->private_free = snd_hdsp_card_free;

sound/pci/rme9652/hdspm.c

···
 		return -ENOENT;
 	}
 
-	card = snd_card_new(index[dev], id[dev],
-			    THIS_MODULE, sizeof(struct hdspm));
-	if (!card)
-		return -ENOMEM;
+	err = snd_card_create(index[dev], id[dev],
+			      THIS_MODULE, sizeof(struct hdspm), &card);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
 
 	hdspm = card->private_data;
 	card->private_free = snd_hdspm_card_free;

sound/pci/rme9652/rme9652.c

···
 		return -ENOENT;
 	}
 
-	card = snd_card_new(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE,
-			    sizeof(struct snd_rme9652));
+	err = snd_card_create(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE,
+			      sizeof(struct snd_rme9652), &card);
 
-	if (!card)
-		return -ENOMEM;
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
 
 	rme9652 = (struct snd_rme9652 *) card->private_data;
 	card->private_free = snd_rme9652_card_free;

sound/pci/sis7019.c

···
 	if (!enable)
 		goto error_out;
 
-	rc = -ENOMEM;
-	card = snd_card_new(index, id, THIS_MODULE, sizeof(*sis));
-	if (!card)
+	rc = snd_card_create(index, id, THIS_MODULE, sizeof(*sis), &card);
+	if (rc < 0)
 		goto error_out;
 
 	strcpy(card->driver, "SiS7019");

sound/pci/sonicvibes.c

···
 		return -ENOENT;
 	}
  
-	card = snd_card_new(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, 0);
-	if (card == NULL)
-		return -ENOMEM;
+	err = snd_card_create(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, 0, &card);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
 	for (idx = 0; idx < 5; idx++) {
 		if (pci_resource_start(pci, idx) == 0 ||
 		    !(pci_resource_flags(pci, idx) & IORESOURCE_IO)) {

sound/pci/trident/trident.c

···
 		return -ENOENT;
 	}
 
-	card = snd_card_new(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, 0);
-	if (card == NULL)
-		return -ENOMEM;
+	err = snd_card_create(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, 0, &card);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
 
 	if ((err = snd_trident_create(card, pci,
 				      pcm_channels[dev],

sound/pci/via82xx.c

···
 	unsigned int i;
 	int err;
 
-	card = snd_card_new(index, id, THIS_MODULE, 0);
-	if (card == NULL)
-		return -ENOMEM;
+	err = snd_card_create(index, id, THIS_MODULE, 0, &card);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
 
 	card_type = pci_id->driver_data;
 	switch (card_type) {

sound/pci/via82xx_modem.c

···
 	unsigned int i;
 	int err;
 
-	card = snd_card_new(index, id, THIS_MODULE, 0);
-	if (card == NULL)
-		return -ENOMEM;
+	err = snd_card_create(index, id, THIS_MODULE, 0, &card);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
 
 	card_type = pci_id->driver_data;
 	switch (card_type) {

sound/pci/vx222/vx222.c

···
 		return -ENOENT;
 	}
 
-	card = snd_card_new(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, 0);
-	if (card == NULL)
-		return -ENOMEM;
+	err = snd_card_create(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, 0, &card);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
 
 	switch ((int)pci_id->driver_data) {
 	case VX_PCI_VX222_OLD:

sound/pci/ymfpci/ymfpci.c

···
 		return -ENOENT;
 	}
 
-	card = snd_card_new(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, 0);
-	if (card == NULL)
-		return -ENOMEM;
+	err = snd_card_create(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, 0, &card);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
 
 	switch (pci_id->device) {
 	case 0x0004: str = "YMF724";  model = "DS-1"; break;

sound/pcmcia/pdaudiocf/pdaudiocf.c

···
  */
 static int snd_pdacf_probe(struct pcmcia_device *link)
 {
-	int i;
+	int i, err;
 	struct snd_pdacf *pdacf;
 	struct snd_card *card;
 	static struct snd_device_ops ops = {
···
 		return -ENODEV; /* disabled explicitly */
 
 	/* ok, create a card instance */
-	card = snd_card_new(index[i], id[i], THIS_MODULE, 0);
-	if (card == NULL) {
+	err = snd_card_create(index[i], id[i], THIS_MODULE, 0, &card);
+	if (err < 0) {
 		snd_printk(KERN_ERR "pdacf: cannot create a card instance\n");
-		return -ENOMEM;
+		return err;
 	}
 
 	pdacf = snd_pdacf_create(card);
-	if (! pdacf)
-		return -EIO;
+	if (!pdacf) {
+		snd_card_free(card);
+		return -ENOMEM;
+	}
 
-	if (snd_device_new(card, SNDRV_DEV_LOWLEVEL, pdacf, &ops) < 0) {
+	err = snd_device_new(card, SNDRV_DEV_LOWLEVEL, pdacf, &ops);
+	if (err < 0) {
 		kfree(pdacf);
 		snd_card_free(card);
-		return -ENODEV;
+		return err;
 	}
 
 	snd_card_set_dev(card, &handle_to_dev(link));

sound/pcmcia/vx/vxpocket.c

···
 /*
  * create vxpocket instance
  */
-static struct snd_vxpocket *snd_vxpocket_new(struct snd_card *card, int ibl,
-					     struct pcmcia_device *link)
+static int snd_vxpocket_new(struct snd_card *card, int ibl,
+			    struct pcmcia_device *link,
+			    struct snd_vxpocket **chip_ret)
 {
 	struct vx_core *chip;
 	struct snd_vxpocket *vxp;
 	static struct snd_device_ops ops = {
 		.dev_free =	snd_vxpocket_dev_free,
 	};
+	int err;
 
 	chip = snd_vx_create(card, &vxpocket_hw, &snd_vxpocket_ops,
 			     sizeof(struct snd_vxpocket) - sizeof(struct vx_core));
-	if (! chip)
-		return NULL;
+	if (!chip)
+		return -ENOMEM;
 
-	if (snd_device_new(card, SNDRV_DEV_LOWLEVEL, chip, &ops) < 0) {
+	err = snd_device_new(card, SNDRV_DEV_LOWLEVEL, chip, &ops);
+	if (err < 0) {
 		kfree(chip);
-		return NULL;
+		return err;
 	}
 	chip->ibl.size = ibl;
 
···
 	link->conf.ConfigIndex = 1;
 	link->conf.Present = PRESENT_OPTION;
 
-	return vxp;
+	*chip_ret = vxp;
+	return 0;
 }
 
 
···
 {
 	struct snd_card *card;
 	struct snd_vxpocket *vxp;
-	int i;
+	int i, err;
 
 	/* find an empty slot from the card list */
 	for (i = 0; i < SNDRV_CARDS; i++) {
···
 		return -ENODEV; /* disabled explicitly */
 
 	/* ok, create a card instance */
-	card = snd_card_new(index[i], id[i], THIS_MODULE, 0);
-	if (card == NULL) {
+	err = snd_card_create(index[i], id[i], THIS_MODULE, 0, &card);
+	if (err < 0) {
 		snd_printk(KERN_ERR "vxpocket: cannot create a card instance\n");
-		return -ENOMEM;
+		return err;
 	}
 
-	vxp = snd_vxpocket_new(card, ibl[i], p_dev);
-	if (! vxp) {
+	err = snd_vxpocket_new(card, ibl[i], p_dev, &vxp);
+	if (err < 0) {
 		snd_card_free(card);
-		return -ENODEV;
+		return err;
 	}
 	card->private_data = vxp;
 

sound/ppc/powermac.c

···
 	char *name_ext;
 	int err;
 
-	card = snd_card_new(index, id, THIS_MODULE, 0);
-	if (card == NULL)
-		return -ENOMEM;
+	err = snd_card_create(index, id, THIS_MODULE, 0, &card);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
 
 	if ((err = snd_pmac_new(card, &chip)) < 0)
 		goto __error;

sound/ppc/snd_ps3.c

···
 	}
 
 	/* create card instance */
-	the_card.card = snd_card_new(index, id, THIS_MODULE, 0);
-	if (!the_card.card) {
-		ret = -ENXIO;
+	ret = snd_card_create(index, id, THIS_MODULE, 0, &the_card.card);
+	if (ret < 0)
 		goto clean_irq;
-	}
 
 	strcpy(the_card.card->driver, "PS3");
 	strcpy(the_card.card->shortname, "PS3");

sound/sh/aica.c

···
 	dreamcastcard = kmalloc(sizeof(struct snd_card_aica), GFP_KERNEL);
 	if (unlikely(!dreamcastcard))
 		return -ENOMEM;
-	dreamcastcard->card =
-	    snd_card_new(index, SND_AICA_DRIVER, THIS_MODULE, 0);
-	if (unlikely(!dreamcastcard->card)) {
+	err = snd_card_create(index, SND_AICA_DRIVER, THIS_MODULE, 0,
+			      &dreamcastcard->card);
+	if (unlikely(err < 0)) {
 		kfree(dreamcastcard);
-		return -ENODEV;
+		return err;
 	}
 	strcpy(dreamcastcard->card->driver, "snd_aica");
 	strcpy(dreamcastcard->card->shortname, SND_AICA_DRIVER);

sound/soc/soc-core.c

···
 {
 	struct snd_soc_codec *codec = socdev->codec;
 	struct snd_soc_card *card = socdev->card;
-	int ret = 0, i;
+	int ret, i;
 
 	mutex_lock(&codec->mutex);
 
 	/* register a sound card */
-	codec->card = snd_card_new(idx, xid, codec->owner, 0);
-	if (!codec->card) {
+	ret = snd_card_create(idx, xid, codec->owner, 0, &codec->card);
+	if (ret < 0) {
 		printk(KERN_ERR "asoc: can't create sound card for codec %s\n",
 			codec->name);
 		mutex_unlock(&codec->mutex);
-		return -ENODEV;
+		return ret;
 	}
 
 	codec->card->dev = socdev->dev;

sound/sparc/amd7930.c

···
 		return -ENOENT;
 	}
 
-	card = snd_card_new(index[dev_num], id[dev_num], THIS_MODULE, 0);
-	if (card == NULL)
-		return -ENOMEM;
+	err = snd_card_create(index[dev_num], id[dev_num], THIS_MODULE, 0,
+			      &card);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
 
 	strcpy(card->driver, "AMD7930");
 	strcpy(card->shortname, "Sun AMD7930");

sound/sparc/cs4231.c

···
 {
 	struct snd_card *card;
 	struct snd_cs4231 *chip;
+	int err;
 
 	*rcard = NULL;
 
···
 		return -ENOENT;
 	}
 
-	card = snd_card_new(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE,
-			    sizeof(struct snd_cs4231));
-	if (card == NULL)
-		return -ENOMEM;
+	err = snd_card_create(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE,
+			      sizeof(struct snd_cs4231), &card);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
 
 	strcpy(card->driver, "CS4231");
 	strcpy(card->shortname, "Sun CS4231");

sound/sparc/dbri.c

···
 		return -ENODEV;
 	}
 
-	card = snd_card_new(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE,
-			    sizeof(struct snd_dbri));
-	if (card == NULL)
-		return -ENOMEM;
+	err = snd_card_create(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE,
+			      sizeof(struct snd_dbri), &card);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
 
 	strcpy(card->driver, "DBRI");
 	strcpy(card->shortname, "Sun DBRI");

sound/spi/at73c213.c

···
 		return PTR_ERR(board->dac_clk);
 	}
 
-	retval = -ENOMEM;
-
 	/* Allocate "card" using some unused identifiers. */
 	snprintf(id, sizeof id, "at73c213_%d", board->ssc_id);
-	card = snd_card_new(-1, id, THIS_MODULE, sizeof(struct snd_at73c213));
-	if (!card)
+	retval = snd_card_create(-1, id, THIS_MODULE,
+				 sizeof(struct snd_at73c213), &card);
+	if (retval < 0)
 		goto out;
 
 	chip = card->private_data;

sound/usb/caiaq/caiaq-device.c

···
 		log("Unable to set up control system (ret=%d)\n", ret);
 }
 
-static struct snd_card* create_card(struct usb_device* usb_dev)
+static int create_card(struct usb_device* usb_dev, struct snd_card **cardp)
 {
 	int devnum;
+	int err;
 	struct snd_card *card;
 	struct snd_usb_caiaqdev *dev;
 
···
 			break;
 
 	if (devnum >= SNDRV_CARDS)
-		return NULL;
+		return -ENODEV;
 
-	card = snd_card_new(index[devnum], id[devnum], THIS_MODULE, 
-					sizeof(struct snd_usb_caiaqdev));
-	if (!card)
-		return NULL;
+	err = snd_card_create(index[devnum], id[devnum], THIS_MODULE, 
+			      sizeof(struct snd_usb_caiaqdev), &card);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
 
 	dev = caiaqdev(card);
 	dev->chip.dev = usb_dev;
···
 	spin_lock_init(&dev->spinlock);
 	snd_card_set_dev(card, &usb_dev->dev);
 
-	return card;
+	*cardp = card;
+	return 0;
 }
 
 static int __devinit init_card(struct snd_usb_caiaqdev *dev)
···
 	struct snd_card *card;
 	struct usb_device *device = interface_to_usbdev(intf);
 	
-	card = create_card(device);
+	ret = create_card(device, &card);
 	
-	if (!card)
-		return -ENOMEM;
+	if (ret < 0)
+		return ret;
 			
 	usb_set_intfdata(intf, card);
 	ret = init_card(caiaqdev(card));

sound/usb/usbaudio.c

···
 		return -ENXIO;
 	}
 
-	card = snd_card_new(index[idx], id[idx], THIS_MODULE, 0);
-	if (card == NULL) {
+	err = snd_card_create(index[idx], id[idx], THIS_MODULE, 0, &card);
+	if (err < 0) {
 		snd_printk(KERN_ERR "cannot create card instance %d\n", idx);
-		return -ENOMEM;
+		return err;
 	}
 
 	chip = kzalloc(sizeof(*chip), GFP_KERNEL);

sound/usb/usx2y/us122l.c

···
 	return true;
 }
 
-static struct snd_card *usx2y_create_card(struct usb_device *device)
+static int usx2y_create_card(struct usb_device *device, struct snd_card **cardp)
 {
 	int		dev;
 	struct snd_card *card;
+	int err;
+
 	for (dev = 0; dev < SNDRV_CARDS; ++dev)
 		if (enable[dev] && !snd_us122l_card_used[dev])
 			break;
 	if (dev >= SNDRV_CARDS)
-		return NULL;
-	card = snd_card_new(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE,
-			    sizeof(struct us122l));
-	if (!card)
-		return NULL;
+		return -ENODEV;
+	err = snd_card_create(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE,
+			      sizeof(struct us122l), &card);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
 	snd_us122l_card_used[US122L(card)->chip.index = dev] = 1;
 
 	US122L(card)->chip.dev = device;
···
 		US122L(card)->chip.dev->devnum
 		);
 	snd_card_set_dev(card, &device->dev);
-	return card;
+	*cardp = card;
+	return 0;
 }
 
-static void *us122l_usb_probe(struct usb_interface *intf,
-			      const struct usb_device_id *device_id)
+static int us122l_usb_probe(struct usb_interface *intf,
+			    const struct usb_device_id *device_id,
+			    struct snd_card **cardp)
 {
 	struct usb_device *device = interface_to_usbdev(intf);
-	struct snd_card *card = usx2y_create_card(device);
+	struct snd_card *card;
+	int err;
 
-	if (!card)
-		return NULL;
+	err = usx2y_create_card(device, &card);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
 
-	if (!us122l_create_card(card) ||
-	    snd_card_register(card) < 0) {
+	if (!us122l_create_card(card)) {
 		snd_card_free(card);
-		return NULL;
+		return -EINVAL;
+	}
+
+	err = snd_card_register(card);
+	if (err < 0) {
+		snd_card_free(card);
+		return err;
 	}
 
 	usb_get_dev(device);
-	return card;
+	*cardp = card;
+	return 0;
 }
 
 static int snd_us122l_probe(struct usb_interface *intf,
 			    const struct usb_device_id *id)
 {
 	struct snd_card *card;
+	int err;
+
 	snd_printdd(KERN_DEBUG"%p:%i\n",
 		    intf, intf->cur_altsetting->desc.bInterfaceNumber);
 	if (intf->cur_altsetting->desc.bInterfaceNumber != 1)
 		return 0;
 
-	card = us122l_usb_probe(usb_get_intf(intf), id);
-
-	if (card) {
-		usb_set_intfdata(intf, card);
-		return 0;
+	err = us122l_usb_probe(usb_get_intf(intf), id, &card);
+	if (err < 0) {
+		usb_put_intf(intf);
+		return err;
 	}
 
-	usb_put_intf(intf);
-	return -EIO;
+	usb_set_intfdata(intf, card);
+	return 0;
 }
 
 static void snd_us122l_disconnect(struct usb_interface *intf)

sound/usb/usx2y/usbusx2y.c

···
 	{ /* terminator */ }
 };
 
-static struct snd_card *usX2Y_create_card(struct usb_device *device)
+static int usX2Y_create_card(struct usb_device *device, struct snd_card **cardp)
 {
 	int		dev;
 	struct snd_card *	card;
+	int err;
+
 	for (dev = 0; dev < SNDRV_CARDS; ++dev)
 		if (enable[dev] && !snd_usX2Y_card_used[dev])
 			break;
 	if (dev >= SNDRV_CARDS)
-		return NULL;
-	card = snd_card_new(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, sizeof(struct usX2Ydev));
-	if (!card)
-		return NULL;
+		return -ENODEV;
+	err = snd_card_create(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE,
+			      sizeof(struct usX2Ydev), &card);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
 	snd_usX2Y_card_used[usX2Y(card)->chip.index = dev] = 1;
 	card->private_free = snd_usX2Y_card_private_free;
 	usX2Y(card)->chip.dev = device;
···
 		usX2Y(card)->chip.dev->bus->busnum, usX2Y(card)->chip.dev->devnum
 		);
 	snd_card_set_dev(card, &device->dev);
-	return card;
+	*cardp = card;
+	return 0;
 }
 
 
-static void *usX2Y_usb_probe(struct usb_device *device, struct usb_interface *intf, const struct usb_device_id *device_id)
+static int usX2Y_usb_probe(struct usb_device *device,
+			   struct usb_interface *intf,
+			   const struct usb_device_id *device_id,
+			   struct snd_card **cardp)
 {
 	int		err;
 	struct snd_card *	card;
+
+	*cardp = NULL;
 	if (le16_to_cpu(device->descriptor.idVendor) != 0x1604 ||
 	    (le16_to_cpu(device->descriptor.idProduct) != USB_ID_US122 &&
 	     le16_to_cpu(device->descriptor.idProduct) != USB_ID_US224 &&
-	     le16_to_cpu(device->descriptor.idProduct) != USB_ID_US428) ||
-	    !(card = usX2Y_create_card(device)))
-		return NULL;
+	     le16_to_cpu(device->descriptor.idProduct) != USB_ID_US428))
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	err = usX2Y_create_card(device, &card);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
 	if ((err = usX2Y_hwdep_new(card, device)) < 0  ||
 	    (err = snd_card_register(card)) < 0) {
 		snd_card_free(card);
-		return NULL;
+		return err;
 	}
-	return card;
+	*cardp = card;
+	return 0;
 }
 
 /*
···
  */
 static int snd_usX2Y_probe(struct usb_interface *intf, const struct usb_device_id *id)
 {
-	void *chip;
-	chip = usX2Y_usb_probe(interface_to_usbdev(intf), intf, id);
-	if (chip) {
-		usb_set_intfdata(intf, chip);
-		return 0;
-	} else
-		return -EIO;
+	struct snd_card *card;
+	int err;
+
+	err = usX2Y_usb_probe(interface_to_usbdev(intf), intf, id, &card);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
+	dev_set_drvdata(&intf->dev, card);
+	return 0;
 }
 
 static void snd_usX2Y_disconnect(struct usb_interface *intf)