Merge tag 'trace-v5.6-rc2' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/rostedt/linux-trace

Pull tracing and bootconfig updates:
"Fixes and changes to bootconfig before it goes live in a release.

Change in API of bootconfig (before it comes live in a release):
- Have a magic value "BOOTCONFIG" in initrd to know a bootconfig
exists
- Set CONFIG_BOOT_CONFIG to 'n' by default
- Show error if "bootconfig" on cmdline but not compiled in
- Prevent redefining the same value
- Have a way to append values
- Added a SELECT BLK_DEV_INITRD to fix a build failure

Synthetic event fixes:
- Switch to raw_smp_processor_id() for recording CPU value in preempt
section. (No care for what the value actually is)
- Fix samples always recording u64 values
- Fix endianess
- Check number of values matches number of fields
- Fix a printing bug

Fix of trace_printk() breaking postponed start up tests

Make a function static that is only used in a single file"

* tag 'trace-v5.6-rc2' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/rostedt/linux-trace:
bootconfig: Fix CONFIG_BOOTTIME_TRACING dependency issue
bootconfig: Add append value operator support
bootconfig: Prohibit re-defining value on same key
bootconfig: Print array as multiple commands for legacy command line
bootconfig: Reject subkey and value on same parent key
tools/bootconfig: Remove unneeded error message silencer
bootconfig: Add bootconfig magic word for indicating bootconfig explicitly
bootconfig: Set CONFIG_BOOT_CONFIG=n by default
tracing: Clear trace_state when starting trace
bootconfig: Mark boot_config_checksum() static
tracing: Disable trace_printk() on post poned tests
tracing: Have synthetic event test use raw_smp_processor_id()
tracing: Fix number printing bug in print_synth_event()
tracing: Check that number of vals matches number of synth event fields
tracing: Make synth_event trace functions endian-correct
tracing: Make sure synth_event_trace() example always uses u64

Documentation/admin-guide/bootconfig.rst

···
 In both styles, same key words are automatically merged when parsing it
 at boot time. So you can append similar trees or key-values.
 
+Same-key Values
+---------------
+
+It is prohibited that two or more values or arrays share a same-key.
+For example,::
+
+ foo = bar, baz
+ foo = qux  # !ERROR! we can not re-define same key
+
+If you want to append the value to existing key as an array member,
+you can use ``+=`` operator. For example::
+
+ foo = bar, baz
+ foo += qux
+
+In this case, the key ``foo`` has ``bar``, ``baz`` and ``qux``.
+
+However, a sub-key and a value can not co-exist under a parent key.
+For example, following config is NOT allowed.::
+
+ foo = value1
+ foo.bar = value2 # !ERROR! subkey "bar" and value "value1" can NOT co-exist
+
+
 Comments
 --------
 
···
 ==============================
 
 Since the boot configuration file is loaded with initrd, it will be added
-to the end of the initrd (initramfs) image file. The Linux kernel decodes
-the last part of the initrd image in memory to get the boot configuration
-data.
+to the end of the initrd (initramfs) image file with size, checksum and
+12-byte magic word as below.
+
+[initrd][bootconfig][size(u32)][checksum(u32)][#BOOTCONFIG\n]
+
+The Linux kernel decodes the last part of the initrd image in memory to
+get the boot configuration data.
 Because of this "piggyback" method, there is no need to change or
 update the boot loader and the kernel image itself.
 

include/linux/bootconfig.h

···
 #include <linux/kernel.h>
 #include <linux/types.h>
 
+#define BOOTCONFIG_MAGIC	"#BOOTCONFIG\n"
+#define BOOTCONFIG_MAGIC_LEN	12
+
 /* XBC tree node */
 struct xbc_node {
 	u16 next;

init/Kconfig

···
 
 config BOOT_CONFIG
 	bool "Boot config support"
-	depends on BLK_DEV_INITRD
-	default y
+	select BLK_DEV_INITRD
 	help
 	  Extra boot config allows system admin to pass a config file as
 	  complemental extension of kernel cmdline when booting.
 	  The boot config file must be attached at the end of initramfs
-	  with checksum and size.
+	  with checksum, size and magic word.
 	  See <file:Documentation/admin-guide/bootconfig.rst> for details.
 
 	  If unsure, say Y.

init/main.c

···
 {
 	struct xbc_node *knode, *vnode;
 	char *end = buf + size;
-	char c = '\"';
 	const char *val;
 	int ret;
 
···
 			return ret;
 
 		vnode = xbc_node_get_child(knode);
-		ret = snprintf(buf, rest(buf, end), "%s%c", xbc_namebuf,
-				vnode ? '=' : ' ');
-		if (ret < 0)
-			return ret;
-		buf += ret;
-		if (!vnode)
-			continue;
-
-		c = '\"';
-		xbc_array_for_each_value(vnode, val) {
-			ret = snprintf(buf, rest(buf, end), "%c%s", c, val);
+		if (!vnode) {
+			ret = snprintf(buf, rest(buf, end), "%s ", xbc_namebuf);
 			if (ret < 0)
 				return ret;
 			buf += ret;
-			c = ',';
+			continue;
 		}
-		if (rest(buf, end) > 2)
-			strcpy(buf, "\" ");
-		buf += 2;
+		xbc_array_for_each_value(vnode, val) {
+			ret = snprintf(buf, rest(buf, end), "%s=\"%s\" ",
+				       xbc_namebuf, val);
+			if (ret < 0)
+				return ret;
+			buf += ret;
+		}
 	}
 
 	return buf - (end - size);
···
 	return new_cmdline;
 }
 
-u32 boot_config_checksum(unsigned char *p, u32 size)
+static u32 boot_config_checksum(unsigned char *p, u32 size)
 {
 	u32 ret = 0;
 
···
 	if (!initrd_end)
 		goto not_found;
 
-	hdr = (u32 *)(initrd_end - 8);
+	data = (char *)initrd_end - BOOTCONFIG_MAGIC_LEN;
+	if (memcmp(data, BOOTCONFIG_MAGIC, BOOTCONFIG_MAGIC_LEN))
+		goto not_found;
+
+	hdr = (u32 *)(data - 8);
 	size = hdr[0];
 	csum = hdr[1];
 
···
 }
 #else
 #define setup_boot_config(cmdline)	do { } while (0)
+
+static int __init warn_bootconfig(char *str)
+{
+	pr_warn("WARNING: 'bootconfig' found on the kernel command line but CONFIG_BOOTCONFIG is not set.\n");
+	return 0;
+}
+early_param("bootconfig", warn_bootconfig);
+
 #endif
 
 /* Change NUL term back to "=", to make "param" the whole string. */

kernel/trace/Kconfig

···
 
 config BOOTTIME_TRACING
 	bool "Boot-time Tracing support"
-	depends on BOOT_CONFIG && TRACING
-	default y
+	depends on TRACING
+	select BOOT_CONFIG
 	help
 	  Enable developer to setup ftrace subsystem via supplemental
 	  kernel cmdline at boot time for debugging (tracing) driver

kernel/trace/synth_event_gen_test.c

···
 	/* Create some bogus values just for testing */
 
 	vals[0] = 777;			/* next_pid_field */
-	vals[1] = (u64)"hula hoops";	/* next_comm_field */
+	vals[1] = (u64)(long)"hula hoops";	/* next_comm_field */
 	vals[2] = 1000000;		/* ts_ns */
 	vals[3] = 1000;			/* ts_ms */
-	vals[4] = smp_processor_id();	/* cpu */
-	vals[5] = (u64)"thneed";	/* my_string_field */
+	vals[4] = raw_smp_processor_id(); /* cpu */
+	vals[5] = (u64)(long)"thneed";	/* my_string_field */
 	vals[6] = 598;			/* my_int_field */
 
 	/* Now generate a gen_synth_test event */
···
 	/* Create some bogus values just for testing */
 
 	vals[0] = 777;			/* next_pid_field */
-	vals[1] = (u64)"tiddlywinks";	/* next_comm_field */
+	vals[1] = (u64)(long)"tiddlywinks";	/* next_comm_field */
 	vals[2] = 1000000;		/* ts_ns */
 	vals[3] = 1000;			/* ts_ms */
-	vals[4] = smp_processor_id();	/* cpu */
-	vals[5] = (u64)"thneed_2.0";	/* my_string_field */
+	vals[4] = raw_smp_processor_id(); /* cpu */
+	vals[5] = (u64)(long)"thneed_2.0";	/* my_string_field */
 	vals[6] = 399;			/* my_int_field */
 
 	/* Now trace an empty_synth_test event */
···
 	/* Create some bogus values just for testing */
 
 	vals[0] = 777;			/* next_pid_field */
-	vals[1] = (u64)"tiddlywinks";	/* next_comm_field */
+	vals[1] = (u64)(long)"tiddlywinks";	/* next_comm_field */
 	vals[2] = 1000000;		/* ts_ns */
 	vals[3] = 1000;			/* ts_ms */
-	vals[4] = smp_processor_id();	/* cpu */
-	vals[5] = (u64)"thneed";	/* my_string_field */
+	vals[4] = raw_smp_processor_id(); /* cpu */
+	vals[5] = (u64)(long)"thneed";	/* my_string_field */
 	vals[6] = 398;			/* my_int_field */
 
 	/* Now generate a create_synth_test event */
···
 		goto out;
 
 	/* next_comm_field */
-	ret = synth_event_add_next_val((u64)"slinky", &trace_state);
+	ret = synth_event_add_next_val((u64)(long)"slinky", &trace_state);
 	if (ret)
 		goto out;
 
···
 		goto out;
 
 	/* cpu */
-	ret = synth_event_add_next_val(smp_processor_id(), &trace_state);
+	ret = synth_event_add_next_val(raw_smp_processor_id(), &trace_state);
 	if (ret)
 		goto out;
 
 	/* my_string_field */
-	ret = synth_event_add_next_val((u64)"thneed_2.01", &trace_state);
+	ret = synth_event_add_next_val((u64)(long)"thneed_2.01", &trace_state);
 	if (ret)
 		goto out;
 
···
 	if (ret)
 		goto out;
 
-	ret = synth_event_add_val("cpu", smp_processor_id(), &trace_state);
+	ret = synth_event_add_val("cpu", raw_smp_processor_id(), &trace_state);
 	if (ret)
 		goto out;
 
···
 	if (ret)
 		goto out;
 
-	ret = synth_event_add_val("next_comm_field", (u64)"silly putty",
+	ret = synth_event_add_val("next_comm_field", (u64)(long)"silly putty",
 				  &trace_state);
 	if (ret)
 		goto out;
 
-	ret = synth_event_add_val("my_string_field", (u64)"thneed_9",
+	ret = synth_event_add_val("my_string_field", (u64)(long)"thneed_9",
 				  &trace_state);
 	if (ret)
 		goto out;
···
 
 	/* Trace some bogus values just for testing */
 	ret = synth_event_trace(create_synth_test, 7,	/* number of values */
-				444,			/* next_pid_field */
-				(u64)"clackers",	/* next_comm_field */
-				1000000,		/* ts_ns */
-				1000,			/* ts_ms */
-				smp_processor_id(),	/* cpu */
-				(u64)"Thneed",		/* my_string_field */
-				999);			/* my_int_field */
+				(u64)444,		/* next_pid_field */
+				(u64)(long)"clackers",	/* next_comm_field */
+				(u64)1000000,		/* ts_ns */
+				(u64)1000,		/* ts_ms */
+				(u64)raw_smp_processor_id(), /* cpu */
+				(u64)(long)"Thneed",	/* my_string_field */
+				(u64)999);		/* my_int_field */
 	return ret;
 }
 

kernel/trace/trace.c

···
 
 	pr_info("Running postponed tracer tests:\n");
 
+	tracing_selftest_running = true;
 	list_for_each_entry_safe(p, n, &postponed_selftests, list) {
 		/* This loop can take minutes when sanitizers are enabled, so
 		 * lets make sure we allow RCU processing.
···
 		list_del(&p->list);
 		kfree(p);
 	}
+	tracing_selftest_running = false;
 
  out:
 	mutex_unlock(&trace_types_lock);

kernel/trace/trace_events_hist.c

···
 	return fmt;
 }
 
+static void print_synth_event_num_val(struct trace_seq *s,
+				      char *print_fmt, char *name,
+				      int size, u64 val, char *space)
+{
+	switch (size) {
+	case 1:
+		trace_seq_printf(s, print_fmt, name, (u8)val, space);
+		break;
+
+	case 2:
+		trace_seq_printf(s, print_fmt, name, (u16)val, space);
+		break;
+
+	case 4:
+		trace_seq_printf(s, print_fmt, name, (u32)val, space);
+		break;
+
+	default:
+		trace_seq_printf(s, print_fmt, name, val, space);
+		break;
+	}
+}
+
 static enum print_line_t print_synth_event(struct trace_iterator *iter,
 					   int flags,
 					   struct trace_event *event)
···
 		} else {
 			struct trace_print_flags __flags[] = {
 			    __def_gfpflag_names, {-1, NULL} };
+			char *space = (i == se->n_fields - 1 ? "" : " ");
 
-			trace_seq_printf(s, print_fmt, se->fields[i]->name,
-					 entry->fields[n_u64],
-					 i == se->n_fields - 1 ? "" : " ");
+			print_synth_event_num_val(s, print_fmt,
+						  se->fields[i]->name,
+						  se->fields[i]->size,
+						  entry->fields[n_u64],
+						  space);
 
 			if (strcmp(se->fields[i]->type, "gfp_t") == 0) {
 				trace_seq_puts(s, " (");
···
 	int entry_size, fields_size = 0;
 	int ret = 0;
 
+	memset(trace_state, '\0', sizeof(*trace_state));
+
 	/*
 	 * Normal event tracing doesn't get called at all unless the
 	 * ENABLED bit is set (which attaches the probe thus allowing
···
 		return ret;
 	}
 
+	if (n_vals != state.event->n_fields) {
+		ret = -EINVAL;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
 	va_start(args, n_vals);
 	for (i = 0, n_u64 = 0; i < state.event->n_fields; i++) {
 		u64 val;
···
 			strscpy(str_field, str_val, STR_VAR_LEN_MAX);
 			n_u64 += STR_VAR_LEN_MAX / sizeof(u64);
 		} else {
-			state.entry->fields[n_u64] = val;
+			struct synth_field *field = state.event->fields[i];
+
+			switch (field->size) {
+			case 1:
+				*(u8 *)&state.entry->fields[n_u64] = (u8)val;
+				break;
+
+			case 2:
+				*(u16 *)&state.entry->fields[n_u64] = (u16)val;
+				break;
+
+			case 4:
+				*(u32 *)&state.entry->fields[n_u64] = (u32)val;
+				break;
+
+			default:
+				state.entry->fields[n_u64] = val;
+				break;
+			}
 			n_u64++;
 		}
 	}
 	va_end(args);
-
+out:
 	__synth_event_trace_end(&state);
 
 	return ret;
···
 		return ret;
 	}
 
+	if (n_vals != state.event->n_fields) {
+		ret = -EINVAL;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
 	for (i = 0, n_u64 = 0; i < state.event->n_fields; i++) {
 		if (state.event->fields[i]->is_string) {
 			char *str_val = (char *)(long)vals[i];
···
 			strscpy(str_field, str_val, STR_VAR_LEN_MAX);
 			n_u64 += STR_VAR_LEN_MAX / sizeof(u64);
 		} else {
-			state.entry->fields[n_u64] = vals[i];
+			struct synth_field *field = state.event->fields[i];
+			u64 val = vals[i];
+
+			switch (field->size) {
+			case 1:
+				*(u8 *)&state.entry->fields[n_u64] = (u8)val;
+				break;
+
+			case 2:
+				*(u16 *)&state.entry->fields[n_u64] = (u16)val;
+				break;
+
+			case 4:
+				*(u32 *)&state.entry->fields[n_u64] = (u32)val;
+				break;
+
+			default:
+				state.entry->fields[n_u64] = val;
+				break;
+			}
 			n_u64++;
 		}
 	}
-
+out:
 	__synth_event_trace_end(&state);
 
 	return ret;
···
 
 	if (!trace_state)
 		return -EINVAL;
-
-	memset(trace_state, '\0', sizeof(*trace_state));
 
 	ret = __synth_event_trace_start(file, trace_state);
 	if (ret == -ENOENT)
···
 
 		str_field = (char *)&entry->fields[field->offset];
 		strscpy(str_field, str_val, STR_VAR_LEN_MAX);
-	} else
-		entry->fields[field->offset] = val;
+	} else {
+		switch (field->size) {
+		case 1:
+			*(u8 *)&trace_state->entry->fields[field->offset] = (u8)val;
+			break;
+
+		case 2:
+			*(u16 *)&trace_state->entry->fields[field->offset] = (u16)val;
+			break;
+
+		case 4:
+			*(u32 *)&trace_state->entry->fields[field->offset] = (u32)val;
+			break;
+
+		default:
+			trace_state->entry->fields[field->offset] = val;
+			break;
+		}
+	}
  out:
 	return ret;
 }

lib/bootconfig.c

···
 
 static int __init __xbc_add_key(char *k)
 {
-	struct xbc_node *node;
+	struct xbc_node *node, *child;
 
 	if (!xbc_valid_keyword(k))
 		return xbc_parse_error("Invalid keyword", k);
···
 
 	if (!last_parent)	/* the first level */
 		node = find_match_node(xbc_nodes, k);
-	else
-		node = find_match_node(xbc_node_get_child(last_parent), k);
+	else {
+		child = xbc_node_get_child(last_parent);
+		if (child && xbc_node_is_value(child))
+			return xbc_parse_error("Subkey is mixed with value", k);
+		node = find_match_node(child, k);
+	}
 
 	if (node)
 		last_parent = node;
···
 	return __xbc_add_key(k);
 }
 
-static int __init xbc_parse_kv(char **k, char *v)
+static int __init xbc_parse_kv(char **k, char *v, int op)
 {
 	struct xbc_node *prev_parent = last_parent;
-	struct xbc_node *node;
+	struct xbc_node *child;
 	char *next;
 	int c, ret;
 
···
 	if (ret)
 		return ret;
 
+	child = xbc_node_get_child(last_parent);
+	if (child) {
+		if (xbc_node_is_key(child))
+			return xbc_parse_error("Value is mixed with subkey", v);
+		else if (op == '=')
+			return xbc_parse_error("Value is redefined", v);
+	}
+
 	c = __xbc_parse_value(&v, &next);
 	if (c < 0)
 		return c;
 
-	node = xbc_add_sibling(v, XBC_VALUE);
-	if (!node)
+	if (!xbc_add_sibling(v, XBC_VALUE))
 		return -ENOMEM;
 
 	if (c == ',') {	/* Array */
···
 
 	p = buf;
 	do {
-		q = strpbrk(p, "{}=;\n#");
+		q = strpbrk(p, "{}=+;\n#");
 		if (!q) {
 			p = skip_spaces(p);
 			if (*p != '\0')
···
 		c = *q;
 		*q++ = '\0';
 		switch (c) {
+		case '+':
+			if (*q++ != '=') {
+				ret = xbc_parse_error("Wrong '+' operator",
+							q - 2);
+				break;
+			}
+			/* Fall through */
 		case '=':
-			ret = xbc_parse_kv(&p, q);
+			ret = xbc_parse_kv(&p, q, c);
 			break;
 		case '{':
 			ret = xbc_open_brace(&p, q);

tools/bootconfig/include/linux/printk.h

···
 
 #include <stdio.h>
 
-/* controllable printf */
-extern int pr_output;
-#define printk(fmt, ...)	\
-	(pr_output ? printf(fmt, ##__VA_ARGS__) : 0)
+#define printk(fmt, ...) printf(fmt, ##__VA_ARGS__)
 
 #define pr_err printk
 #define pr_warn	printk

tools/bootconfig/main.c

···
 #include <linux/kernel.h>
 #include <linux/bootconfig.h>
 
-int pr_output = 1;
-
 static int xbc_show_array(struct xbc_node *node)
 {
 	const char *val;
···
 	struct stat stat;
 	int ret;
 	u32 size = 0, csum = 0, rcsum;
+	char magic[BOOTCONFIG_MAGIC_LEN];
 
 	ret = fstat(fd, &stat);
 	if (ret < 0)
 		return -errno;
 
-	if (stat.st_size < 8)
+	if (stat.st_size < 8 + BOOTCONFIG_MAGIC_LEN)
 		return 0;
 
-	if (lseek(fd, -8, SEEK_END) < 0) {
+	if (lseek(fd, -BOOTCONFIG_MAGIC_LEN, SEEK_END) < 0) {
+		pr_err("Failed to lseek: %d\n", -errno);
+		return -errno;
+	}
+	if (read(fd, magic, BOOTCONFIG_MAGIC_LEN) < 0)
+		return -errno;
+	/* Check the bootconfig magic bytes */
+	if (memcmp(magic, BOOTCONFIG_MAGIC, BOOTCONFIG_MAGIC_LEN) != 0)
+		return 0;
+
+	if (lseek(fd, -(8 + BOOTCONFIG_MAGIC_LEN), SEEK_END) < 0) {
 		pr_err("Failed to lseek: %d\n", -errno);
 		return -errno;
 	}
···
 	if (read(fd, &csum, sizeof(u32)) < 0)
 		return -errno;
 
-	/* Wrong size, maybe no boot config here */
-	if (stat.st_size < size + 8)
-		return 0;
+	/* Wrong size error  */
+	if (stat.st_size < size + 8 + BOOTCONFIG_MAGIC_LEN) {
+		pr_err("bootconfig size is too big\n");
+		return -E2BIG;
+	}
 
-	if (lseek(fd, stat.st_size - 8 - size, SEEK_SET) < 0) {
+	if (lseek(fd, stat.st_size - (size + 8 + BOOTCONFIG_MAGIC_LEN),
+		  SEEK_SET) < 0) {
 		pr_err("Failed to lseek: %d\n", -errno);
 		return -errno;
 	}
···
 	if (ret < 0)
 		return ret;
 
-	/* Wrong Checksum, maybe no boot config here */
+	/* Wrong Checksum */
 	rcsum = checksum((unsigned char *)*buf, size);
 	if (csum != rcsum) {
 		pr_err("checksum error: %d != %d\n", csum, rcsum);
-		return 0;
+		return -EINVAL;
 	}
 
 	ret = xbc_init(*buf);
-	/* Wrong data, maybe no boot config here */
+	/* Wrong data */
 	if (ret < 0)
-		return 0;
+		return ret;
 
 	return size;
 }
···
 		return -errno;
 	}
 
-	/*
-	 * Suppress error messages in xbc_init() because it can be just a
-	 * data which concidentally matches the size and checksum footer.
-	 */
-	pr_output = 0;
 	size = load_xbc_from_initrd(fd, &buf);
-	pr_output = 1;
 	if (size < 0) {
 		ret = size;
 		pr_err("Failed to load a boot config from initrd: %d\n", ret);
 	} else if (size > 0) {
 		ret = fstat(fd, &stat);
 		if (!ret)
-			ret = ftruncate(fd, stat.st_size - size - 8);
+			ret = ftruncate(fd, stat.st_size
+					- size - 8 - BOOTCONFIG_MAGIC_LEN);
 		if (ret)
 			ret = -errno;
 	} /* Ignore if there is no boot config in initrd */
···
 	ret = write(fd, data, size + 8);
 	if (ret < 0) {
 		pr_err("Failed to apply a boot config: %d\n", ret);
+		return ret;
+	}
+	/* Write a magic word of the bootconfig */
+	ret = write(fd, BOOTCONFIG_MAGIC, BOOTCONFIG_MAGIC_LEN);
+	if (ret < 0) {
+		pr_err("Failed to apply a boot config magic: %d\n", ret);
 		return ret;
 	}
 	close(fd);

tools/bootconfig/samples/bad-mixed-kv1.bconf

···
+# value -> subkey pattern
+key = value
+key.subkey = another-value

tools/bootconfig/samples/bad-mixed-kv2.bconf

···
+# subkey -> value pattern
+key.subkey = value
+key = another-value

tools/bootconfig/samples/bad-samekey.bconf

···
+# Same key value is not allowed
+key {
+	foo = value
+	bar = value2
+}
+key.foo = value

tools/bootconfig/test-bootconfig.sh

···
 NG=0
 
 cleanup() {
-  rm -f $INITRD $TEMPCONF
+  rm -f $INITRD $TEMPCONF $OUTFILE
   exit $NG
 }
 
···
 new_size=$(stat -c %s $INITRD)
 
 echo "File size check"
-xpass test $new_size -eq $(expr $bconf_size + $initrd_size + 9)
+xpass test $new_size -eq $(expr $bconf_size + $initrd_size + 9 + 12)
 
 echo "Apply command repeat test"
 xpass $BOOTCONF -a $TEMPCONF $INITRD
···
 $BOOTCONF -a $TEMPCONF $INITRD > $OUTFILE 2>&1
 xfail grep -i "failed" $OUTFILE
 xfail grep -i "error" $OUTFILE
-rm $OUTFILE
 
 echo "Max node number check"
 
···
 truncate -s 32764 $TEMPCONF
 echo "\"" >> $TEMPCONF	# add 2 bytes + terminal ('\"\n\0')
 xpass $BOOTCONF -a $TEMPCONF $INITRD
+
+echo "Adding same-key values"
+cat > $TEMPCONF << EOF
+key = bar, baz
+key += qux
+EOF
+echo > $INITRD
+
+xpass $BOOTCONF -a $TEMPCONF $INITRD
+$BOOTCONF $INITRD > $OUTFILE
+xpass grep -q "bar" $OUTFILE
+xpass grep -q "baz" $OUTFILE
+xpass grep -q "qux" $OUTFILE
 
 echo "=== expected failure cases ==="
 for i in samples/bad-* ; do