iio: core: add char type for sysfs attributes

This patch introduces IIO_VAL_CHAR type for standard IIO attributes to
allow for attributes that needs to be represented by character rather
than a number. This is preparatory for introducing a new attribute whose
purpose is to describe thermocouple type, that can be i.e. "J", "K", etc..

The char-type value is stored in the first "value" integer that is passed
to the .[read/write]_raw() callbacks.

Note that in order to make it possible for the IIO core to correctly parse
this type (actually, to avoid integer parsing), it became mandatory for
any driver that wish to use IIO_VAL_CHAR on a writable attribute to
implement .write_raw_get_fmt().

Cc: Hartmut Knaack <[e-mail]>
Cc: Lars-Peter Clausen <[e-mail]>
Cc: Peter Meerwald-Stadler <[e-mail]>
Cc: Colin Ian King <[e-mail]>
Cc: Patrick Havelange <[e-mail]>
Cc: Matt Weber <[e-mail]>
Cc: Matt Ranostay <[e-mail]>
Cc: Chuhong Yuan <[e-mail]>
Cc: Daniel Gomez <[e-mail]>
Cc: [e-mail]
Signed-off-by: Andrea Merello <[e-mail]>
Signed-off-by: Jonathan Cameron <[e-mail]>

drivers/iio/industrialio-core.c

···
 		}
 		return l;
 	}
+	case IIO_VAL_CHAR:
+		return snprintf(buf, len, "%c", (char)vals[0]);
 	default:
 		return 0;
 	}
···
 	struct iio_dev *indio_dev = dev_to_iio_dev(dev);
 	struct iio_dev_attr *this_attr = to_iio_dev_attr(attr);
 	int ret, fract_mult = 100000;
-	int integer, fract;
+	int integer, fract = 0;
+	bool is_char = false;
 
 	/* Assumes decimal - precision based on number of digits */
 	if (!indio_dev->info->write_raw)
···
 		case IIO_VAL_INT_PLUS_NANO:
 			fract_mult = 100000000;
 			break;
+		case IIO_VAL_CHAR:
+			is_char = true;
+			break;
 		default:
 			return -EINVAL;
 		}
 
-	ret = iio_str_to_fixpoint(buf, fract_mult, &integer, &fract);
-	if (ret)
-		return ret;
+	if (is_char) {
+		char ch;
+
+		if (sscanf(buf, "%c", &ch) != 1)
+			return -EINVAL;
+		integer = ch;
+	} else {
+		ret = iio_str_to_fixpoint(buf, fract_mult, &integer, &fract);
+		if (ret)
+			return ret;
+	}
 
 	ret = indio_dev->info->write_raw(indio_dev, this_attr->c,
 					 integer, fract, this_attr->address);

include/linux/iio/types.h

···
 #define IIO_VAL_INT_MULTIPLE 5
 #define IIO_VAL_FRACTIONAL 10
 #define IIO_VAL_FRACTIONAL_LOG2 11
+#define IIO_VAL_CHAR 12
 
 enum iio_available_type {
 	IIO_AVAIL_LIST,