Merge tag 'kbuild-v6.1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/masahiroy/linux-kbuild

Pull Kbuild updates from Masahiro Yamada:

- Remove potentially incomplete targets when Kbuid is interrupted by
SIGINT etc in case GNU Make may miss to do that when stderr is piped
to another program.

- Rewrite the single target build so it works more correctly.

- Fix rpm-pkg builds with V=1.

- List top-level subdirectories in ./Kbuild.

- Ignore auto-generated __kstrtab_* and __kstrtabns_* symbols in
kallsyms.

- Avoid two different modules in lib/zstd/ having shared code, which
potentially causes building the common code as build-in and modular
back-and-forth.

- Unify two modpost invocations to optimize the build process.

- Remove head-y syntax in favor of linker scripts for placing
particular sections in the head of vmlinux.

- Bump the minimal GNU Make version to 3.82.

- Clean up misc Makefiles and scripts.

* tag 'kbuild-v6.1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/masahiroy/linux-kbuild: (41 commits)
docs: bump minimal GNU Make version to 3.82
ia64: simplify esi object addition in Makefile
Revert "kbuild: Check if linker supports the -X option"
kbuild: rebuild .vmlinux.export.o when its prerequisite is updated
kbuild: move modules.builtin(.modinfo) rules to Makefile.vmlinux_o
zstd: Fixing mixed module-builtin objects
kallsyms: ignore __kstrtab_* and __kstrtabns_* symbols
kallsyms: take the input file instead of reading stdin
kallsyms: drop duplicated ignore patterns from kallsyms.c
kbuild: reuse mksysmap output for kallsyms
mksysmap: update comment about __crc_*
kbuild: remove head-y syntax
kbuild: use obj-y instead extra-y for objects placed at the head
kbuild: hide error checker logs for V=1 builds
kbuild: re-run modpost when it is updated
kbuild: unify two modpost invocations
kbuild: move vmlinux.o rule to the top Makefile
kbuild: move .vmlinux.objs rule to Makefile.modpost
kbuild: list sub-directories in ./Kbuild
Makefile.compiler: replace cc-ifversion with compiler-specific macros
...

Documentation/kbuild/makefiles.rst

···
 
 	Examples are:
 
-	1) head objects
-
-	    Some objects must be placed at the head of vmlinux. They are
-	    directly linked to vmlinux without going through built-in.a
-	    A typical use-case is an object that contains the entry point.
-
-	    arch/$(SRCARCH)/Makefile should specify such objects as head-y.
-
-	    Discussion:
-	      Given that we can control the section order in the linker script,
-	      why do we need head-y?
-
-	2) vmlinux linker script
+	1) vmlinux linker script
 
 	    The linker script for vmlinux is located at
 	    arch/$(SRCARCH)/kernel/vmlinux.lds
···
 	Example::
 
 		# arch/x86/kernel/Makefile
-		extra-y	:= head_$(BITS).o
-		extra-y	+= head$(BITS).o
-		extra-y	+= ebda.o
-		extra-y	+= platform-quirks.o
 		extra-y	+= vmlinux.lds
 
 	$(extra-y) should only contain targets needed for vmlinux.
···
 	In the above example, -Wno-unused-but-set-variable will be added to
 	KBUILD_CFLAGS only if gcc really accepts it.
 
-    cc-ifversion
-	cc-ifversion tests the version of $(CC) and equals the fourth parameter
-	if version expression is true, or the fifth (if given) if the version
-	expression is false.
+    gcc-min-version
+	gcc-min-version tests if the value of $(CONFIG_GCC_VERSION) is greater than
+	or equal to the provided value and evaluates to y if so.
 
 	Example::
 
-		#fs/reiserfs/Makefile
-		ccflags-y := $(call cc-ifversion, -lt, 0402, -O1)
+		cflags-$(call gcc-min-version, 70100) := -foo
 
-	In this example, ccflags-y will be assigned the value -O1 if the
-	$(CC) version is less than 4.2.
-	cc-ifversion takes all the shell operators:
-	-eq, -ne, -lt, -le, -gt, and -ge
-	The third parameter may be a text as in this example, but it may also
-	be an expanded variable or a macro.
+	In this example, cflags-y will be assigned the value -foo if $(CC) is gcc and
+	$(CONFIG_GCC_VERSION) is >= 7.1.
+
+    clang-min-version
+	clang-min-version tests if the value of $(CONFIG_CLANG_VERSION) is greater
+	than or equal to the provided value and evaluates to y if so.
+
+	Example::
+
+		cflags-$(call clang-min-version, 110000) := -foo
+
+	In this example, cflags-y will be assigned the value -foo if $(CC) is clang
+	and $(CONFIG_CLANG_VERSION) is >= 11.0.0.
 
     cc-cross-prefix
 	cc-cross-prefix is used to check if there exists a $(CC) in path with
···
    - The values of the above variables are expanded in arch/$(SRCARCH)/Makefile.
 5) All object files are then linked and the resulting file vmlinux is
    located at the root of the obj tree.
-   The very first objects linked are listed in head-y, assigned by
-   arch/$(SRCARCH)/Makefile.
+   The very first objects linked are listed in scripts/head-object-list.txt.
 6) Finally, the architecture-specific part does any required post processing
    and builds the final bootimage.
    - This includes building boot records
···
 	All object files for vmlinux. They are linked to vmlinux in the same
 	order as listed in KBUILD_VMLINUX_OBJS.
 
+	The objects listed in scripts/head-object-list.txt are exceptions;
+	they are placed before the other objects.
+
     KBUILD_VMLINUX_LIBS
 
 	All .a "lib" files for vmlinux. KBUILD_VMLINUX_OBJS and
···
 	machinery is all architecture-independent.
 
 
-	head-y, core-y, libs-y, drivers-y
-	    $(head-y) lists objects to be linked first in vmlinux.
+	core-y, libs-y, drivers-y
 
 	    $(libs-y) lists directories where a lib.a archive can be located.
 

Documentation/process/changes.rst

···
 Clang/LLVM (optional)  11.0.0           clang --version
 Rust (optional)        1.62.0           rustc --version
 bindgen (optional)     0.56.0           bindgen --version
-GNU make               3.81             make --version
+GNU make               3.82             make --version
 bash                   4.2              bash --version
 binutils               2.23             ld -v
 flex                   2.5.35           flex --version
···
 Make
 ----
 
-You will need GNU make 3.81 or later to build the kernel.
+You will need GNU make 3.82 or later to build the kernel.
 
 Bash
 ----

Kbuild

···
 #
 # Kbuild for top-level directory of the kernel
 
-#####
+# Prepare global headers and check sanity before descending into sub-directories
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
 # Generate bounds.h
 
 bounds-file := include/generated/bounds.h
 
-always-y := $(bounds-file)
 targets := kernel/bounds.s
 
 $(bounds-file): kernel/bounds.s FORCE
 	$(call filechk,offsets,__LINUX_BOUNDS_H__)
 
-#####
 # Generate timeconst.h
 
 timeconst-file := include/generated/timeconst.h
···
 $(timeconst-file): kernel/time/timeconst.bc FORCE
 	$(call filechk,gentimeconst)
 
-#####
 # Generate asm-offsets.h
 
 offsets-file := include/generated/asm-offsets.h
 
-always-y += $(offsets-file)
 targets += arch/$(SRCARCH)/kernel/asm-offsets.s
 
 arch/$(SRCARCH)/kernel/asm-offsets.s: $(timeconst-file) $(bounds-file)
···
 $(offsets-file): arch/$(SRCARCH)/kernel/asm-offsets.s FORCE
 	$(call filechk,offsets,__ASM_OFFSETS_H__)
 
-#####
 # Check for missing system calls
-
-always-y += missing-syscalls
 
 quiet_cmd_syscalls = CALL    $<
       cmd_syscalls = $(CONFIG_SHELL) $< $(CC) $(c_flags) $(missing_syscalls_flags)
 
-missing-syscalls: scripts/checksyscalls.sh $(offsets-file) FORCE
+PHONY += missing-syscalls
+missing-syscalls: scripts/checksyscalls.sh $(offsets-file)
 	$(call cmd,syscalls)
 
-#####
-# Check atomic headers are up-to-date
+# Check the manual modification of atomic headers
 
-always-y += old-atomics
+quiet_cmd_check_sha1 = CHKSHA1 $<
+      cmd_check_sha1 = \
+	if ! command -v sha1sum >/dev/null; then \
+		echo "warning: cannot check the header due to sha1sum missing"; \
+		exit 0; \
+	fi; \
+	if [ "$$(sed -n '$$s:// ::p' $<)" != \
+	     "$$(sed '$$d' $< | sha1sum | sed 's/ .*//')" ]; then \
+		echo "error: $< has been modified." >&2; \
+		exit 1; \
+	fi; \
+	touch $@
 
-quiet_cmd_atomics = CALL    $<
-      cmd_atomics = $(CONFIG_SHELL) $<
+atomic-checks += $(addprefix $(obj)/.checked-, \
+	  atomic-arch-fallback.h \
+	  atomic-instrumented.h \
+	  atomic-long.h)
 
-old-atomics: scripts/atomic/check-atomics.sh FORCE
-	$(call cmd,atomics)
+targets += $(atomic-checks)
+$(atomic-checks): $(obj)/.checked-%: include/linux/atomic/%  FORCE
+	$(call if_changed,check_sha1)
+
+# A phony target that depends on all the preparation targets
+
+PHONY += prepare
+prepare: $(offsets-file) missing-syscalls $(atomic-checks)
+	@:
+
+# Ordinary directory descending
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+obj-y			+= init/
+obj-y			+= usr/
+obj-y			+= arch/$(SRCARCH)/
+obj-y			+= $(ARCH_CORE)
+obj-y			+= kernel/
+obj-y			+= certs/
+obj-y			+= mm/
+obj-y			+= fs/
+obj-y			+= ipc/
+obj-y			+= security/
+obj-y			+= crypto/
+obj-$(CONFIG_BLOCK)	+= block/
+obj-$(CONFIG_IO_URING)	+= io_uring/
+obj-$(CONFIG_RUST)	+= rust/
+obj-y			+= $(ARCH_LIB)
+obj-y			+= drivers/
+obj-y			+= sound/
+obj-$(CONFIG_SAMPLES)	+= samples/
+obj-$(CONFIG_NET)	+= net/
+obj-y			+= virt/
+obj-y			+= $(ARCH_DRIVERS)

Makefile

···
 CFLAGS_KERNEL	=
 RUSTFLAGS_KERNEL =
 AFLAGS_KERNEL	=
-LDFLAGS_vmlinux =
+export LDFLAGS_vmlinux =
 
 # Use USERINCLUDE when you must reference the UAPI directories only.
 USERINCLUDE    := \
···
 	} > Makefile
 
 outputmakefile:
-	$(Q)if [ -f $(srctree)/.config -o \
+	@if [ -f $(srctree)/.config -o \
 		 -d $(srctree)/include/config -o \
 		 -d $(srctree)/arch/$(SRCARCH)/include/generated ]; then \
 		echo >&2 "***"; \
···
 __all: modules
 endif
 
+targets :=
+
 # Decide whether to build built-in, modular, or both.
 # Normally, just do built-in.
 
···
 
 ifeq ($(KBUILD_EXTMOD),)
 # Objects we will link into vmlinux / subdirs we need to visit
-core-y		:= init/ usr/ arch/$(SRCARCH)/
-drivers-y	:= drivers/ sound/
-drivers-$(CONFIG_SAMPLES) += samples/
-drivers-$(CONFIG_NET) += net/
-drivers-y	+= virt/
+core-y		:=
+drivers-y	:=
 libs-y		:= lib/
 endif # KBUILD_EXTMOD
 
···
 PHONY += include/config/auto.conf
 
 include/config/auto.conf:
-	$(Q)test -e include/generated/autoconf.h -a -e $@ || (		\
+	@test -e include/generated/autoconf.h -a -e $@ || (		\
 	echo >&2;							\
 	echo >&2 "  ERROR: Kernel configuration is invalid.";		\
 	echo >&2 "         include/generated/autoconf.h or $@ are missing.";\
···
 
 KBUILD_CFLAGS-$(CONFIG_WERROR) += -Werror
 KBUILD_CFLAGS-$(CONFIG_CC_NO_ARRAY_BOUNDS) += -Wno-array-bounds
-KBUILD_CFLAGS += $(KBUILD_CFLAGS-y) $(CONFIG_CC_IMPLICIT_FALLTHROUGH)
 
 KBUILD_RUSTFLAGS-$(CONFIG_WERROR) += -Dwarnings
 KBUILD_RUSTFLAGS += $(KBUILD_RUSTFLAGS-y)
···
 KBUILD_CFLAGS += -Wno-maybe-uninitialized
 endif
 
-ifdef CONFIG_CC_IS_GCC
 # The allocators already balk at large sizes, so silence the compiler
 # warnings for bounds checks involving those possible values. While
 # -Wno-alloc-size-larger-than would normally be used here, earlier versions
···
 # ignored, continuing to default to PTRDIFF_MAX. So, left with no other
 # choice, we must perform a versioned check to disable this warning.
 # https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/[e-mail]
-KBUILD_CFLAGS += $(call cc-ifversion, -ge, 0901, -Wno-alloc-size-larger-than)
-endif
+KBUILD_CFLAGS-$(call gcc-min-version, 90100) += -Wno-alloc-size-larger-than
+KBUILD_CFLAGS += $(KBUILD_CFLAGS-y) $(CONFIG_CC_IMPLICIT_FALLTHROUGH)
 
 # disable invalid "can't wrap" optimizations for signed / pointers
 KBUILD_CFLAGS	+= -fno-strict-overflow
···
 endif
 
 ifeq ($(CONFIG_STRIP_ASM_SYMS),y)
-LDFLAGS_vmlinux	+= $(call ld-option, -X,)
+LDFLAGS_vmlinux	+= -X
 endif
 
 ifeq ($(CONFIG_RELR),y)
···
 export MODULES_NSDEPS := $(extmod_prefix)modules.nsdeps
 
 ifeq ($(KBUILD_EXTMOD),)
-core-y			+= kernel/ certs/ mm/ fs/ ipc/ security/ crypto/
-core-$(CONFIG_BLOCK)	+= block/
-core-$(CONFIG_IO_URING)	+= io_uring/
-core-$(CONFIG_RUST)	+= rust/
 
-vmlinux-dirs	:= $(patsubst %/,%,$(filter %/, \
-		     $(core-y) $(core-m) $(drivers-y) $(drivers-m) \
-		     $(libs-y) $(libs-m)))
-
-vmlinux-alldirs	:= $(sort $(vmlinux-dirs) Documentation \
+build-dir	:= .
+clean-dirs	:= $(sort . Documentation \
 		     $(patsubst %/,%,$(filter %/, $(core-) \
 			$(drivers-) $(libs-))))
 
-build-dirs	:= $(vmlinux-dirs)
-clean-dirs	:= $(vmlinux-alldirs)
-
-subdir-modorder := $(addsuffix /modules.order, $(build-dirs))
-
+export ARCH_CORE	:= $(core-y)
+export ARCH_LIB		:= $(filter %/, $(libs-y))
+export ARCH_DRIVERS	:= $(drivers-y) $(drivers-m)
 # Externally visible symbols (used by link-vmlinux.sh)
-KBUILD_VMLINUX_OBJS := $(head-y) $(patsubst %/,%/built-in.a, $(core-y))
-KBUILD_VMLINUX_OBJS += $(addsuffix built-in.a, $(filter %/, $(libs-y)))
+
+KBUILD_VMLINUX_OBJS := ./built-in.a
 ifdef CONFIG_MODULES
 KBUILD_VMLINUX_OBJS += $(patsubst %/, %/lib.a, $(filter %/, $(libs-y)))
 KBUILD_VMLINUX_LIBS := $(filter-out %/, $(libs-y))
 else
 KBUILD_VMLINUX_LIBS := $(patsubst %/,%/lib.a, $(libs-y))
 endif
-KBUILD_VMLINUX_OBJS += $(patsubst %/,%/built-in.a, $(drivers-y))
 
-export KBUILD_VMLINUX_OBJS KBUILD_VMLINUX_LIBS
+export KBUILD_VMLINUX_LIBS
 export KBUILD_LDS          := arch/$(SRCARCH)/kernel/vmlinux.lds
-# used by scripts/Makefile.package
-export KBUILD_ALLDIRS := $(sort $(filter-out arch/%,$(vmlinux-alldirs)) LICENSES arch include scripts tools)
-
-vmlinux-deps := $(KBUILD_LDS) $(KBUILD_VMLINUX_OBJS) $(KBUILD_VMLINUX_LIBS)
 
 # Recurse until adjust_autoksyms.sh is satisfied
 PHONY += autoksyms_recursive
···
 # (this can be evaluated only once include/config/auto.conf has been included)
 KBUILD_MODULES := 1
 
-autoksyms_recursive: descend modules.order
+autoksyms_recursive: $(build-dir) modules.order
 	$(Q)$(CONFIG_SHELL) $(srctree)/scripts/adjust_autoksyms.sh \
 	  "$(MAKE) -f $(srctree)/Makefile autoksyms_recursive"
 endif
···
 $(autoksyms_h):
 	$(call cmd,autoksyms_h)
 
-ARCH_POSTLINK := $(wildcard $(srctree)/arch/$(SRCARCH)/Makefile.postlink)
+# '$(AR) mPi' needs 'T' to workaround the bug of llvm-ar <= 14
+quiet_cmd_ar_vmlinux.a = AR      $@
+      cmd_ar_vmlinux.a = \
+	rm -f $@; \
+	$(AR) cDPrST $@ $(KBUILD_VMLINUX_OBJS); \
+	$(AR) mPiT $$($(AR) t $@ | head -n1) $@ $$($(AR) t $@ | grep -F --file=$(srctree)/scripts/head-object-list.txt)
 
-# Final link of vmlinux with optional arch pass after final link
-cmd_link-vmlinux =                                                 \
-	$(CONFIG_SHELL) $< "$(LD)" "$(KBUILD_LDFLAGS)" "$(LDFLAGS_vmlinux)";    \
-	$(if $(ARCH_POSTLINK), $(MAKE) -f $(ARCH_POSTLINK) $@, true)
+targets += vmlinux.a
+vmlinux.a: $(KBUILD_VMLINUX_OBJS) scripts/head-object-list.txt autoksyms_recursive FORCE
+	$(call if_changed,ar_vmlinux.a)
 
-vmlinux: scripts/link-vmlinux.sh autoksyms_recursive $(vmlinux-deps) FORCE
-	+$(call if_changed_dep,link-vmlinux)
+PHONY += vmlinux_o
+vmlinux_o: vmlinux.a $(KBUILD_VMLINUX_LIBS)
+	$(Q)$(MAKE) -f $(srctree)/scripts/Makefile.vmlinux_o
 
-targets := vmlinux
+vmlinux.o modules.builtin.modinfo modules.builtin: vmlinux_o
+	@:
+
+PHONY += vmlinux
+vmlinux: vmlinux.o $(KBUILD_LDS) modpost
+	$(Q)$(MAKE) -f $(srctree)/scripts/Makefile.vmlinux
 
 # The actual objects are generated when descending,
 # make sure no implicit rule kicks in
-$(sort $(vmlinux-deps) $(subdir-modorder)): descend ;
+$(sort $(KBUILD_LDS) $(KBUILD_VMLINUX_OBJS) $(KBUILD_VMLINUX_LIBS)): . ;
 
 filechk_kernel.release = \
 	echo "$(KERNELVERSION)$$($(CONFIG_SHELL) $(srctree)/scripts/setlocalversion $(srctree))"
···
 
 archprepare: outputmakefile archheaders archscripts scripts include/config/kernel.release \
 	asm-generic $(version_h) $(autoksyms_h) include/generated/utsrelease.h \
-	include/generated/autoconf.h remove-stale-files
+	include/generated/compile.h include/generated/autoconf.h remove-stale-files
 
 prepare0: archprepare
 	$(Q)$(MAKE) $(build)=scripts/mod
-	$(Q)$(MAKE) $(build)=.
+	$(Q)$(MAKE) $(build)=. prepare
 
 # All the preparing..
 prepare: prepare0
···
 
 include/generated/utsrelease.h: include/config/kernel.release FORCE
 	$(call filechk,utsrelease.h)
+
+filechk_compile.h = $(srctree)/scripts/mkcompile_h \
+	"$(UTS_MACHINE)" "$(CONFIG_CC_VERSION_TEXT)" "$(LD)"
+
+include/generated/compile.h: FORCE
+	$(call filechk,compile.h)
 
 PHONY += headerdep
 headerdep:
···
 
 # Build modules
 #
-# A module can be listed more than once in obj-m resulting in
-# duplicate lines in modules.order files.  Those are removed
-# using awk while concatenating to the final file.
 
-PHONY += modules
-modules: $(if $(KBUILD_BUILTIN),vmlinux) modules_check modules_prepare
+# *.ko are usually independent of vmlinux, but CONFIG_DEBUG_INFOBTF_MODULES
+# is an exception.
+ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_INFO_BTF_MODULES
+modules: vmlinux
+endif
 
-cmd_modules_order = $(AWK) '!x[$$0]++' $(real-prereqs) > $@
-
-modules.order: $(subdir-modorder) FORCE
-	$(call if_changed,modules_order)
-
-targets += modules.order
+modules: modules_prepare
 
 # Target to prepare building external modules
-PHONY += modules_prepare
 modules_prepare: prepare
 	$(Q)$(MAKE) $(build)=scripts scripts/module.lds
 
···
 # Directories & files removed with 'make clean'
 CLEAN_FILES += include/ksym vmlinux.symvers modules-only.symvers \
 	       modules.builtin modules.builtin.modinfo modules.nsdeps \
-	       compile_commands.json .thinlto-cache rust/test rust/doc
+	       compile_commands.json .thinlto-cache rust/test rust/doc \
+	       .vmlinux.objs .vmlinux.export.c
 
 # Directories & files removed with 'make mrproper'
 MRPROPER_FILES += include/config include/generated          \
···
 KBUILD_BUILTIN :=
 KBUILD_MODULES := 1
 
-build-dirs := $(KBUILD_EXTMOD)
-$(MODORDER): descend
-	@:
+build-dir := $(KBUILD_EXTMOD)
 
 compile_commands.json: $(extmod_prefix)compile_commands.json
 PHONY += compile_commands.json
···
 	@echo  '  clean           - remove generated files in module directory only'
 	@echo  ''
 
-# no-op for external module builds
-PHONY += modules_prepare
-
 endif # KBUILD_EXTMOD
 
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Modules
 
-PHONY += modules modules_install
+PHONY += modules modules_install modules_prepare
 
 ifdef CONFIG_MODULES
 
-modules: modules_check
-	$(Q)$(MAKE) -f $(srctree)/scripts/Makefile.modpost
+$(MODORDER): $(build-dir)
+	@:
+
+# KBUILD_MODPOST_NOFINAL can be set to skip the final link of modules.
+# This is solely useful to speed up test compiles.
+modules: modpost
+ifneq ($(KBUILD_MODPOST_NOFINAL),1)
+	$(Q)$(MAKE) -f $(srctree)/scripts/Makefile.modfinal
+endif
 
 PHONY += modules_check
 modules_check: $(MODORDER)
···
 	@echo >&2 '***'
 	@exit 1
 
+KBUILD_MODULES :=
+
 endif # CONFIG_MODULES
+
+PHONY += modpost
+modpost: $(if $(single-build),, $(if $(KBUILD_BUILTIN), vmlinux.o)) \
+	 $(if $(KBUILD_MODULES), modules_check)
+	$(Q)$(MAKE) -f $(srctree)/scripts/Makefile.modpost
 
 # Single targets
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
···
 single-no-ko := $(filter-out $(single-ko), $(MAKECMDGOALS)) \
 		$(foreach x, o mod, $(patsubst %.ko, %.$x, $(single-ko)))
 
-$(single-ko): single_modpost
+$(single-ko): single_modules
 	@:
-$(single-no-ko): descend
+$(single-no-ko): $(build-dir)
 	@:
 
-ifeq ($(KBUILD_EXTMOD),)
-# For the single build of in-tree modules, use a temporary file to avoid
-# the situation of modules_install installing an invalid modules.order.
-MODORDER := .modules.tmp
-endif
-
-PHONY += single_modpost
-single_modpost: $(single-no-ko) modules_prepare
+# Remove MODORDER when done because it is not the real one.
+PHONY += single_modules
+single_modules: $(single-no-ko) modules_prepare
 	$(Q){ $(foreach m, $(single-ko), echo $(extmod_prefix)$m;) } > $(MODORDER)
 	$(Q)$(MAKE) -f $(srctree)/scripts/Makefile.modpost
+ifneq ($(KBUILD_MODPOST_NOFINAL),1)
+	$(Q)$(MAKE) -f $(srctree)/scripts/Makefile.modfinal
+endif
+	$(Q)rm -f $(MODORDER)
 
-KBUILD_MODULES := 1
-
-export KBUILD_SINGLE_TARGETS := $(addprefix $(extmod_prefix), $(single-no-ko))
-
-# trim unrelated directories
-build-dirs := $(foreach d, $(build-dirs), \
-			$(if $(filter $(d)/%, $(KBUILD_SINGLE_TARGETS)), $(d)))
+single-goals := $(addprefix $(build-dir)/, $(single-no-ko))
 
 endif
 
-ifndef CONFIG_MODULES
-KBUILD_MODULES :=
-endif
-
-# Handle descending into subdirectories listed in $(build-dirs)
 # Preset locale variables to speed up the build process. Limit locale
 # tweaks to this spot to avoid wrong language settings when running
 # make menuconfig etc.
 # Error messages still appears in the original language
-PHONY += descend $(build-dirs)
-descend: $(build-dirs)
-$(build-dirs): prepare
-	$(Q)$(MAKE) $(build)=$@ \
-	single-build=$(if $(filter-out $@/, $(filter $@/%, $(KBUILD_SINGLE_TARGETS))),1) \
-	need-builtin=1 need-modorder=1
+PHONY += $(build-dir)
+$(build-dir): prepare
+	$(Q)$(MAKE) $(build)=$@ need-builtin=1 need-modorder=1 $(single-goals)
 
 clean-dirs := $(addprefix _clean_, $(clean-dirs))
 PHONY += $(clean-dirs) clean
···
       cmd_gen_compile_commands = $(PYTHON3) $< -a $(AR) -o $@ $(filter-out $<, $(real-prereqs))
 
 $(extmod_prefix)compile_commands.json: scripts/clang-tools/gen_compile_commands.py \
-	$(if $(KBUILD_EXTMOD),,$(KBUILD_VMLINUX_OBJS) $(KBUILD_VMLINUX_LIBS)) \
+	$(if $(KBUILD_EXTMOD),, vmlinux.a $(KBUILD_VMLINUX_LIBS)) \
 	$(if $(CONFIG_MODULES), $(MODORDER)) FORCE
 	$(call if_changed,gen_compile_commands)
 

arch/alpha/Makefile

···
 # BWX is most important, but we don't really want any emulation ever.
 KBUILD_CFLAGS += $(cflags-y) -Wa,-mev6
 
-head-y := arch/alpha/kernel/head.o
-
 libs-y				+= arch/alpha/lib/
 
 # export what is needed by arch/alpha/boot/Makefile

arch/alpha/kernel/Makefile

···
 # Makefile for the linux kernel.
 #
 
-extra-y		:= head.o vmlinux.lds
+extra-y		:= vmlinux.lds
 asflags-y	:= $(KBUILD_CFLAGS)
 ccflags-y	:= -Wno-sign-compare
 
-obj-y    := entry.o traps.o process.o osf_sys.o irq.o \
+obj-y    := head.o entry.o traps.o process.o osf_sys.o irq.o \
 	    irq_alpha.o signal.o setup.o ptrace.o time.o \
 	    systbls.o err_common.o io.o bugs.o termios.o
 

arch/arc/Makefile

···
 KBUILD_AFLAGS	+= $(KBUILD_CFLAGS)
 KBUILD_LDFLAGS	+= $(ldflags-y)
 
-head-y		:= arch/arc/kernel/head.o
-
 # w/o this dtb won't embed into kernel binary
 core-y		+= arch/arc/boot/dts/
 

arch/arc/kernel/Makefile

···
 # Copyright (C) 2004, 2007-2010, 2011-2012 Synopsys, Inc. (www.synopsys.com)
 #
 
-obj-y	:= arcksyms.o setup.o irq.o reset.o ptrace.o process.o devtree.o
+obj-y	:= head.o arcksyms.o setup.o irq.o reset.o ptrace.o process.o devtree.o
 obj-y	+= signal.o traps.o sys.o troubleshoot.o stacktrace.o disasm.o
 obj-$(CONFIG_ISA_ARCOMPACT)		+= entry-compact.o intc-compact.o
 obj-$(CONFIG_ISA_ARCV2)			+= entry-arcv2.o intc-arcv2.o
···
 obj-y += ctx_sw_asm.o
 endif
 
-extra-y := vmlinux.lds head.o
+extra-y := vmlinux.lds

arch/arm/Makefile

···
 
 CHECKFLAGS	+= -D__arm__
 
-#Default value
-head-y		:= arch/arm/kernel/head$(MMUEXT).o
-
 # Text offset. This list is sorted numerically by address in order to
 # provide a means to avoid/resolve conflicts in multi-arch kernels.
 # Note: the 32kB below this value is reserved for use by the kernel

arch/arm/kernel/Makefile

···
 obj-$(CONFIG_EFI)		+= efi.o
 obj-$(CONFIG_PARAVIRT)	+= paravirt.o
 
-head-y			:= head$(MMUEXT).o
+obj-y			+= head$(MMUEXT).o
 obj-$(CONFIG_DEBUG_LL)	+= debug.o
 obj-$(CONFIG_EARLY_PRINTK)	+= early_printk.o
 obj-$(CONFIG_ARM_PATCH_PHYS_VIRT)	+= phys2virt.o
···
 
 obj-$(CONFIG_GENERIC_CPU_VULNERABILITIES) += spectre.o
 
-extra-y := $(head-y) vmlinux.lds
+extra-y := vmlinux.lds

arch/arm64/Makefile

···
   CC_FLAGS_FTRACE := -fpatchable-function-entry=2
 endif
 
-# Default value
-head-y		:= arch/arm64/kernel/head.o
-
 ifeq ($(CONFIG_KASAN_SW_TAGS), y)
 KASAN_SHADOW_SCALE_SHIFT := 4
 else ifeq ($(CONFIG_KASAN_GENERIC), y)

arch/arm64/kernel/Makefile

···
 $(obj)/vdso32-wrap.o: $(obj)/vdso32/vdso.so
 
 obj-y					+= probes/
-head-y					:= head.o
-extra-y					+= $(head-y) vmlinux.lds
+obj-y					+= head.o
+extra-y					+= vmlinux.lds
 
 ifeq ($(CONFIG_DEBUG_EFI),y)
 AFLAGS_head.o += -DVMLINUX_PATH="\"$(realpath $(objtree)/vmlinux)\""

arch/csky/Makefile

···
 
 KBUILD_AFLAGS += $(KBUILD_CFLAGS)
 
-head-y := arch/csky/kernel/head.o
-
 core-y += arch/csky/$(CSKYABI)/
 
 libs-y += arch/csky/lib/ \

arch/csky/kernel/Makefile

···
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
-extra-y := head.o vmlinux.lds
+extra-y := vmlinux.lds
 
-obj-y += entry.o atomic.o signal.o traps.o irq.o time.o vdso.o vdso/
+obj-y += head.o entry.o atomic.o signal.o traps.o irq.o time.o vdso.o vdso/
 obj-y += power.o syscall.o syscall_table.o setup.o io.o
 obj-y += process.o cpu-probe.o ptrace.o stacktrace.o
 obj-y += probes/

arch/hexagon/Makefile

···
 TIR_NAME := r19
 KBUILD_CFLAGS += -ffixed-$(TIR_NAME) -DTHREADINFO_REG=$(TIR_NAME) -D__linux__
 KBUILD_AFLAGS += -DTHREADINFO_REG=$(TIR_NAME)
-
-head-y := arch/hexagon/kernel/head.o

arch/hexagon/kernel/Makefile

···
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
-extra-y := head.o vmlinux.lds
+extra-y := vmlinux.lds
 
+obj-y += head.o
 obj-$(CONFIG_SMP) += smp.o
 
 obj-y += setup.o irq_cpu.o traps.o syscalltab.o signal.o time.o

arch/ia64/Makefile

···
 cmd_objcopy = $(OBJCOPY) $(OBJCOPYFLAGS) $(OBJCOPYFLAGS_$(@F)) $< $@
 
 KBUILD_CFLAGS += $(cflags-y)
-head-y := arch/ia64/kernel/head.o
 
 libs-y				+= arch/ia64/lib/
 

arch/ia64/kernel/Makefile

···
 CFLAGS_REMOVE_ftrace.o = -pg
 endif
 
-extra-y	:= head.o vmlinux.lds
+extra-y	:= vmlinux.lds
 
-obj-y := entry.o efi.o efi_stub.o gate-data.o fsys.o irq.o irq_ia64.o	\
+obj-y := head.o entry.o efi.o efi_stub.o gate-data.o fsys.o irq.o irq_ia64.o	\
 	 irq_lsapic.o ivt.o pal.o patch.o process.o ptrace.o sal.o		\
 	 salinfo.o setup.o signal.o sys_ia64.o time.o traps.o unaligned.o \
 	 unwind.o mca.o mca_asm.o topology.o dma-mapping.o iosapic.o acpi.o \
···
 obj-$(CONFIG_IA64_MC_ERR_INJECT)+= err_inject.o
 obj-$(CONFIG_STACKTRACE)	+= stacktrace.o
 
-obj-$(CONFIG_IA64_ESI)		+= esi.o
-ifneq ($(CONFIG_IA64_ESI),)
-obj-y				+= esi_stub.o	# must be in kernel proper
-endif
+obj-$(CONFIG_IA64_ESI)		+= esi.o esi_stub.o # must be in kernel proper
 obj-$(CONFIG_INTEL_IOMMU)	+= pci-dma.o
 
 obj-$(CONFIG_ELF_CORE)		+= elfcore.o

arch/loongarch/Makefile

···
 	sed -e "s/^\#define /-D'/" -e "s/ /'='/" -e "s/$$/'/" -e 's/\$$/&&/g')
 endif
 
-head-y := arch/loongarch/kernel/head.o
-
 libs-y += arch/loongarch/lib/
 libs-$(CONFIG_EFI_STUB) += $(objtree)/drivers/firmware/efi/libstub/lib.a
 

arch/loongarch/kernel/Makefile

···
 # Makefile for the Linux/LoongArch kernel.
 #
 
-extra-y		:= head.o vmlinux.lds
+extra-y		:= vmlinux.lds
 
-obj-y		+= cpu-probe.o cacheinfo.o env.o setup.o entry.o genex.o \
+obj-y		+= head.o cpu-probe.o cacheinfo.o env.o setup.o entry.o genex.o \
 		   traps.o irq.o idle.o process.o dma.o mem.o io.o reset.o switch.o \
 		   elf.o syscall.o signal.o time.o topology.o inst.o ptrace.o vdso.o
 

arch/m68k/68000/Makefile

···
 obj-$(CONFIG_UCSIMM)	+= ucsimm.o
 obj-$(CONFIG_UCDIMM)	+= ucsimm.o
 
-extra-y 		:= head.o
+obj-y			+= head.o

arch/m68k/Makefile

···
 KBUILD_CFLAGS := $(subst -fomit-frame-pointer,,$(KBUILD_CFLAGS)) -g
 endif
 
-#
-# Select the assembler head startup code. Order is important. The default
-# head code is first, processor specific selections can override it after.
-#
-head-y				:= arch/m68k/kernel/head.o
-head-$(CONFIG_SUN3)		:= arch/m68k/kernel/sun3-head.o
-head-$(CONFIG_M68000)		:= arch/m68k/68000/head.o
-head-$(CONFIG_COLDFIRE)		:= arch/m68k/coldfire/head.o
-
 libs-y				+= arch/m68k/lib/
 
 

arch/m68k/coldfire/Makefile

···
 obj-$(CONFIG_PCI)	+= pci.o
 
 obj-y			+= gpio.o
-extra-y := head.o
+obj-y			+= head.o

arch/m68k/kernel/Makefile

···
 # Makefile for the linux kernel.
 #
 
-extra-$(CONFIG_AMIGA)	:= head.o
-extra-$(CONFIG_ATARI)	:= head.o
-extra-$(CONFIG_MAC)	:= head.o
-extra-$(CONFIG_APOLLO)	:= head.o
-extra-$(CONFIG_VME)	:= head.o
-extra-$(CONFIG_HP300)	:= head.o
-extra-$(CONFIG_Q40)	:= head.o
-extra-$(CONFIG_SUN3X)	:= head.o
-extra-$(CONFIG_VIRT)	:= head.o
-extra-$(CONFIG_SUN3)	:= sun3-head.o
 extra-y			+= vmlinux.lds
 
-obj-y	:= entry.o irq.o module.o process.o ptrace.o
+obj-$(CONFIG_AMIGA)	:= head.o
+obj-$(CONFIG_ATARI)	:= head.o
+obj-$(CONFIG_MAC)	:= head.o
+obj-$(CONFIG_APOLLO)	:= head.o
+obj-$(CONFIG_VME)	:= head.o
+obj-$(CONFIG_HP300)	:= head.o
+obj-$(CONFIG_Q40)	:= head.o
+obj-$(CONFIG_SUN3X)	:= head.o
+obj-$(CONFIG_VIRT)	:= head.o
+obj-$(CONFIG_SUN3)	:= sun3-head.o
+
+obj-y	+= entry.o irq.o module.o process.o ptrace.o
 obj-y	+= setup.o signal.o sys_m68k.o syscalltable.o time.o traps.o
 
 obj-$(CONFIG_MMU_MOTOROLA) += ints.o vectors.o

arch/microblaze/Makefile

···
 # r31 holds current when in kernel mode
 KBUILD_CFLAGS += -ffixed-r31 $(CPUFLAGS-y) $(CPUFLAGS-1) $(CPUFLAGS-2)
 
-head-y := arch/microblaze/kernel/head.o
 libs-y += arch/microblaze/lib/
 
 boot := arch/microblaze/boot

arch/microblaze/kernel/Makefile

···
 CFLAGS_REMOVE_process.o = -pg
 endif
 
-extra-y := head.o vmlinux.lds
+extra-y := vmlinux.lds
 
-obj-y += dma.o exceptions.o \
+obj-y += head.o dma.o exceptions.o \
 	hw_exception_handler.o irq.o \
 	process.o prom.o ptrace.o \
 	reset.o setup.o signal.o sys_microblaze.o timer.o traps.o unwind.o

arch/mips/Makefile

···
 
 OBJCOPYFLAGS		+= --remove-section=.reginfo
 
-head-y := arch/mips/kernel/head.o
-
 libs-y			+= arch/mips/lib/
 libs-$(CONFIG_MIPS_FP_SUPPORT) += arch/mips/math-emu/
 

arch/mips/kernel/Makefile

···
 # Makefile for the Linux/MIPS kernel.
 #
 
-extra-y		:= head.o vmlinux.lds
+extra-y		:= vmlinux.lds
 
-obj-y		+= branch.o cmpxchg.o elf.o entry.o genex.o idle.o irq.o \
+obj-y		+= head.o branch.o cmpxchg.o elf.o entry.o genex.o idle.o irq.o \
 		   process.o prom.o ptrace.o reset.o setup.o signal.o \
 		   syscall.o time.o topology.o traps.o unaligned.o watch.o \
 		   vdso.o cacheinfo.o

arch/nios2/Kbuild

···
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 
+obj-y += kernel/ mm/ platform/ boot/dts/
+
 # for cleaning
 subdir- += boot

arch/nios2/Makefile

···
 KBUILD_CFLAGS += -fno-builtin
 KBUILD_CFLAGS += -G 0
 
-head-y		:= arch/nios2/kernel/head.o
 libs-y		+= arch/nios2/lib/ $(LIBGCC)
-core-y		+= arch/nios2/kernel/ arch/nios2/mm/
-core-y		+= arch/nios2/platform/
 
 INSTALL_PATH ?= /tftpboot
 nios2-boot := arch/$(ARCH)/boot
 BOOT_TARGETS = vmImage zImage
 PHONY += $(BOOT_TARGETS) install
 KBUILD_IMAGE := $(nios2-boot)/vmImage
-
-core-y	+= $(nios2-boot)/dts/
 
 all: vmImage
 

arch/nios2/kernel/Makefile

···
 # Makefile for the nios2 linux kernel.
 #
 
-extra-y	+= head.o
 extra-y	+= vmlinux.lds
 
+obj-y	+= head.o
 obj-y	+= cpuinfo.o
 obj-y	+= entry.o
 obj-y	+= insnemu.o

arch/openrisc/Makefile

···
 	KBUILD_CFLAGS += $(call cc-option,-msext)
 endif
 
-head-y 		:= arch/openrisc/kernel/head.o
-
 libs-y		+= $(LIBGCC)
 
 PHONY += vmlinux.bin

arch/openrisc/kernel/Makefile

···
 # Makefile for the linux kernel.
 #
 
-extra-y	:= head.o vmlinux.lds
+extra-y	:= vmlinux.lds
 
-obj-y	:= setup.o or32_ksyms.o process.o dma.o \
+obj-y	:= head.o setup.o or32_ksyms.o process.o dma.o \
 	   traps.o time.o irq.o entry.o ptrace.o signal.o \
 	   sys_call_table.o unwinder.o
 

arch/parisc/Makefile

···
 cflags-$(CONFIG_PA7300LC)	+= -march=1.1 -mschedule=7300
 cflags-$(CONFIG_PA8X00)		+= -march=2.0 -mschedule=8000
 
-head-y			:= arch/parisc/kernel/head.o 
-
 KBUILD_CFLAGS	+= $(cflags-y)
 LIBGCC		:= $(shell $(CC) -print-libgcc-file-name)
 export LIBGCC

arch/parisc/kernel/Makefile

···
 # Makefile for arch/parisc/kernel
 #
 
-extra-y			:= head.o vmlinux.lds
+extra-y		:= vmlinux.lds
 
-obj-y	     	:= cache.o pacache.o setup.o pdt.o traps.o time.o irq.o \
+obj-y		:= head.o cache.o pacache.o setup.o pdt.o traps.o time.o irq.o \
 		   pa7300lc.o syscall.o entry.o sys_parisc.o firmware.o \
 		   ptrace.o hardware.o inventory.o drivers.o alternative.o \
 		   signal.o hpmc.o real2.o parisc_ksyms.o unaligned.o \

arch/powerpc/Makefile

···
 KBUILD_AFLAGS += $(aflags-y)
 KBUILD_CFLAGS += $(cflags-y)
 
-head-$(CONFIG_PPC64)		:= arch/powerpc/kernel/head_64.o
-head-$(CONFIG_PPC_BOOK3S_32)	:= arch/powerpc/kernel/head_book3s_32.o
-head-$(CONFIG_PPC_8xx)		:= arch/powerpc/kernel/head_8xx.o
-head-$(CONFIG_40x)		:= arch/powerpc/kernel/head_40x.o
-head-$(CONFIG_44x)		:= arch/powerpc/kernel/head_44x.o
-head-$(CONFIG_PPC_85xx)	:= arch/powerpc/kernel/head_85xx.o
-
-head-$(CONFIG_PPC64)		+= arch/powerpc/kernel/entry_64.o
-head-$(CONFIG_PPC_FPU)		+= arch/powerpc/kernel/fpu.o
-head-$(CONFIG_ALTIVEC)		+= arch/powerpc/kernel/vector.o
-head-$(CONFIG_PPC_OF_BOOT_TRAMPOLINE)  += arch/powerpc/kernel/prom_init.o
-
 # Default to zImage, override when needed
 all: zImage
 

arch/powerpc/boot/wrapper

···
 # Extract kernel version information, some platforms want to include
 # it in the image header
 version=`${CROSS}strings "$kernel" | grep '^Linux version [-0-9.]' | \
-    cut -d' ' -f3`
+    head -n1 | cut -d' ' -f3`
 if [ -n "$version" ]; then
     uboot_version="-n Linux-$version"
 fi

arch/powerpc/kernel/Makefile

···
 obj-$(CONFIG_PPC_DOORBELL)	+= dbell.o
 obj-$(CONFIG_JUMP_LABEL)	+= jump_label.o
 
-extra-$(CONFIG_PPC64)		:= head_64.o
-extra-$(CONFIG_PPC_BOOK3S_32)	:= head_book3s_32.o
-extra-$(CONFIG_40x)		:= head_40x.o
-extra-$(CONFIG_44x)		:= head_44x.o
-extra-$(CONFIG_PPC_85xx)	:= head_85xx.o
-extra-$(CONFIG_PPC_8xx)		:= head_8xx.o
+obj-$(CONFIG_PPC64)		+= head_64.o
+obj-$(CONFIG_PPC_BOOK3S_32)	+= head_book3s_32.o
+obj-$(CONFIG_40x)		+= head_40x.o
+obj-$(CONFIG_44x)		+= head_44x.o
+obj-$(CONFIG_PPC_8xx)		+= head_8xx.o
+obj-$(CONFIG_FSL_BOOKE)		+= head_85xx.o
 extra-y				+= vmlinux.lds
 
 obj-$(CONFIG_RELOCATABLE)	+= reloc_$(BITS).o
···
 CFLAGS_setup_64.o		+= -fno-stack-protector
 CFLAGS_paca.o			+= -fno-stack-protector
 
-extra-$(CONFIG_PPC_FPU)		+= fpu.o
-extra-$(CONFIG_ALTIVEC)		+= vector.o
-extra-$(CONFIG_PPC64)		+= entry_64.o
-extra-$(CONFIG_PPC_OF_BOOT_TRAMPOLINE)	+= prom_init.o
+obj-$(CONFIG_PPC_FPU)		+= fpu.o
+obj-$(CONFIG_ALTIVEC)		+= vector.o
+obj-$(CONFIG_PPC64)		+= entry_64.o
+obj-$(CONFIG_PPC_OF_BOOT_TRAMPOLINE)	+= prom_init.o
 
 extra-$(CONFIG_PPC_OF_BOOT_TRAMPOLINE)	+= prom_init_check
 

arch/riscv/Makefile

···
 KBUILD_IMAGE	:= $(boot)/Image.gz
 endif
 
-head-y := arch/riscv/kernel/head.o
-
 libs-y += arch/riscv/lib/
 libs-$(CONFIG_EFI_STUB) += $(objtree)/drivers/firmware/efi/libstub/lib.a
 

arch/riscv/kernel/Makefile

···
 endif
 endif
 
-extra-y += head.o
 extra-y += vmlinux.lds
 
+obj-y	+= head.o
 obj-y	+= soc.o
 obj-$(CONFIG_RISCV_ALTERNATIVE) += alternative.o
 obj-y	+= cpu.o

arch/s390/Makefile

···
 
 OBJCOPYFLAGS	:= -O binary
 
-head-y		:= arch/s390/kernel/head64.o
-
 libs-y		+= arch/s390/lib/
 drivers-y	+= drivers/s390/
 

arch/s390/boot/version.c

···
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+#include <generated/utsversion.h>
 #include <generated/utsrelease.h>
 #include <generated/compile.h>
 #include "boot.h"

arch/s390/kernel/Makefile

···
 CFLAGS_dumpstack.o	+= -fno-optimize-sibling-calls
 CFLAGS_unwind_bc.o	+= -fno-optimize-sibling-calls
 
-obj-y	:= traps.o time.o process.o earlypgm.o early.o setup.o idle.o vtime.o
+obj-y	:= head64.o traps.o time.o process.o earlypgm.o early.o setup.o idle.o vtime.o
 obj-y	+= processor.o syscall.o ptrace.o signal.o cpcmd.o ebcdic.o nmi.o
 obj-y	+= debug.o irq.o ipl.o dis.o diag.o vdso.o cpufeature.o
 obj-y	+= sysinfo.o lgr.o os_info.o machine_kexec.o
···
 obj-y	+= nospec-branch.o ipl_vmparm.o machine_kexec_reloc.o unwind_bc.o
 obj-y	+= smp.o text_amode31.o stacktrace.o abs_lowcore.o
 
-extra-y				+= head64.o vmlinux.lds
+extra-y				+= vmlinux.lds
 
 obj-$(CONFIG_SYSFS)		+= nospec-sysfs.o
 CFLAGS_REMOVE_nospec-branch.o	+= $(CC_FLAGS_EXPOLINE)

arch/sh/Makefile

···
 
 export ld-bfd
 
-head-y	:= arch/sh/kernel/head_32.o
-
 # Mach groups
 machdir-$(CONFIG_SOLUTION_ENGINE)		+= mach-se
 machdir-$(CONFIG_SH_HP6XX)			+= mach-hp6xx

arch/sh/kernel/Makefile

···
 # Makefile for the Linux/SuperH kernel.
 #
 
-extra-y	:= head_32.o vmlinux.lds
+extra-y	:= vmlinux.lds
 
 ifdef CONFIG_FUNCTION_TRACER
 # Do not profile debug and lowlevel utilities
···
 
 CFLAGS_REMOVE_return_address.o = -pg
 
-obj-y	:= debugtraps.o dumpstack.o 		\
+obj-y	:= head_32.o debugtraps.o dumpstack.o				\
 	   idle.o io.o irq.o irq_32.o kdebugfs.o			\
 	   machvec.o nmi_debug.o process.o				\
 	   process_32.o ptrace.o ptrace_32.o				\

arch/sparc/Makefile

···
 
 endif
 
-head-y                 := arch/sparc/kernel/head_$(BITS).o
-
 libs-y                 += arch/sparc/prom/
 libs-y                 += arch/sparc/lib/
 

arch/sparc/kernel/Makefile

···
 asflags-y := -ansi
 ccflags-y := -Werror
 
-extra-y     := head_$(BITS).o
-
 # Undefine sparc when processing vmlinux.lds - it is used
 # And teach CPP we are doing $(BITS) builds (for this case)
 CPPFLAGS_vmlinux.lds := -Usparc -m$(BITS)
···
 CFLAGS_REMOVE_pcr.o := -pg
 endif
 
+obj-y                   := head_$(BITS).o
 obj-$(CONFIG_SPARC64)   += urtt_fill.o
 obj-$(CONFIG_SPARC32)   += entry.o wof.o wuf.o
 obj-$(CONFIG_SPARC32)   += etrap_32.o

arch/x86/Makefile

···
 ###
 # Kernel objects
 
-head-y := arch/x86/kernel/head_$(BITS).o
-head-y += arch/x86/kernel/head$(BITS).o
-head-y += arch/x86/kernel/ebda.o
-head-y += arch/x86/kernel/platform-quirks.o
-
 libs-y  += arch/x86/lib/
 
 # drivers-y are linked after core-y

arch/x86/boot/compressed/kaslr.c

···
 #include <linux/uts.h>
 #include <linux/utsname.h>
 #include <linux/ctype.h>
+#include <generated/utsversion.h>
 #include <generated/utsrelease.h>
 
 #define _SETUP

arch/x86/boot/version.c

···
  */
 
 #include "boot.h"
+#include <generated/utsversion.h>
 #include <generated/utsrelease.h>
 #include <generated/compile.h>
 

arch/x86/kernel/Makefile

···
 # Makefile for the linux kernel.
 #
 
-extra-y	:= head_$(BITS).o
-extra-y	+= head$(BITS).o
-extra-y	+= ebda.o
-extra-y	+= platform-quirks.o
 extra-y	+= vmlinux.lds
 
 CPPFLAGS_vmlinux.lds += -U$(UTS_MACHINE)
···
 
 CFLAGS_irq.o := -I $(srctree)/$(src)/../include/asm/trace
 
-obj-y			:= process_$(BITS).o signal.o
+obj-y			+= head_$(BITS).o
+obj-y			+= head$(BITS).o
+obj-y			+= ebda.o
+obj-y			+= platform-quirks.o
+obj-y			+= process_$(BITS).o signal.o
 obj-$(CONFIG_COMPAT)	+= signal_compat.o
 obj-y			+= traps.o idt.o irq.o irq_$(BITS).o dumpstack_$(BITS).o
 obj-y			+= time.o ioport.o dumpstack.o nmi.o

arch/xtensa/Makefile

···
 
 KBUILD_DEFCONFIG := iss_defconfig
 
-head-y		:= arch/xtensa/kernel/head.o
-
 libs-y		+= arch/xtensa/lib/
 
 boot		:= arch/xtensa/boot

arch/xtensa/kernel/Makefile

···
 # Makefile for the Linux/Xtensa kernel.
 #
 
-extra-y := head.o vmlinux.lds
+extra-y := vmlinux.lds
 
-obj-y := align.o coprocessor.o entry.o irq.o platform.o process.o \
+obj-y := head.o align.o coprocessor.o entry.o irq.o platform.o process.o \
 	 ptrace.o setup.o signal.o stacktrace.o syscall.o time.o traps.o \
 	 vectors.o
 

drivers/gpu/drm/amd/display/dc/dml/Makefile

···
 endif
 
 ifdef CONFIG_CC_IS_GCC
-ifeq ($(call cc-ifversion, -lt, 0701, y), y)
+ifneq ($(call gcc-min-version, 70100),y)
 IS_OLD_GCC = 1
 endif
 endif

include/linux/export-internal.h

···
 #include <linux/compiler.h>
 #include <linux/types.h>
 
-/* __used is needed to keep __crc_* for LTO */
 #define SYMBOL_CRC(sym, crc, sec)   \
-	u32 __section("___kcrctab" sec "+" #sym) __used __crc_##sym = crc
+	asm(".section \"___kcrctab" sec "+" #sym "\",\"a\""	"\n" \
+	    "__crc_" #sym ":"					"\n" \
+	    ".long " #crc					"\n" \
+	    ".previous"						"\n")
 
 #endif /* __LINUX_EXPORT_INTERNAL_H__ */

init/.gitignore

···
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
+/utsversion-tmp.h

init/Makefile

···
 mounts-$(CONFIG_BLK_DEV_RAM)	+= do_mounts_rd.o
 mounts-$(CONFIG_BLK_DEV_INITRD)	+= do_mounts_initrd.o
 
-# dependencies on generated files need to be listed explicitly
-$(obj)/version.o: include/generated/compile.h
+#
+# UTS_VERSION
+#
 
-# compile.h changes depending on hostname, generation number, etc,
-# so we regenerate it always.
-# mkcompile_h will make sure to only update the
-# actual file if its content has changed.
+smp-flag-$(CONFIG_SMP)			:= SMP
+preempt-flag-$(CONFIG_PREEMPT_BUILD)	:= PREEMPT
+preempt-flag-$(CONFIG_PREEMPT_DYNAMIC)	:= PREEMPT_DYNAMIC
+preempt-flag-$(CONFIG_PREEMPT_RT)	:= PREEMPT_RT
 
-quiet_cmd_compile.h = CHK     $@
-      cmd_compile.h = \
-	$(CONFIG_SHELL) $(srctree)/scripts/mkcompile_h $@	\
-	"$(UTS_MACHINE)" "$(CONFIG_SMP)" "$(CONFIG_PREEMPT_BUILD)"	\
-	"$(CONFIG_PREEMPT_DYNAMIC)" "$(CONFIG_PREEMPT_RT)" \
-	"$(CONFIG_CC_VERSION_TEXT)" "$(LD)"
+build-version = $(or $(KBUILD_BUILD_VERSION), $(build-version-auto))
+build-timestamp = $(or $(KBUILD_BUILD_TIMESTAMP), $(build-timestamp-auto))
 
-include/generated/compile.h: FORCE
-	$(call cmd,compile.h)
+# Maximum length of UTS_VERSION is 64 chars
+filechk_uts_version = \
+	utsver=$$(echo '$(pound)'"$(build-version)" $(smp-flag-y) $(preempt-flag-y) "$(build-timestamp)" | cut -b -64); \
+	echo '$(pound)'define UTS_VERSION \""$${utsver}"\"
+
+#
+# Build version.c with temporary UTS_VERSION
+#
+
+$(obj)/utsversion-tmp.h: FORCE
+	$(call filechk,uts_version)
+
+clean-files += utsversion-tmp.h
+
+$(obj)/version.o: $(obj)/utsversion-tmp.h
+CFLAGS_version.o := -include $(obj)/utsversion-tmp.h
+
+#
+# Build version-timestamp.c with final UTS_VERSION
+#
+
+include/generated/utsversion.h: build-version-auto = $(shell $(srctree)/$(src)/build-version)
+include/generated/utsversion.h: build-timestamp-auto = $(shell LC_ALL=C date)
+include/generated/utsversion.h: FORCE
+	$(call filechk,uts_version)
+
+$(obj)/version-timestamp.o: include/generated/utsversion.h
+CFLAGS_version-timestamp.o := -include include/generated/utsversion.h

init/build-version

···
+#!/bin/sh
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
+
+prev_ver=$(cat .version 2>/dev/null) &&
+ver=$(expr ${prev_ver} + 1 2>/dev/null) ||
+ver=1
+
+echo ${ver} > .version
+
+echo ${ver}

init/version-timestamp.c

···
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
+
+#include <generated/compile.h>
+#include <generated/utsrelease.h>
+#include <linux/version.h>
+#include <linux/proc_ns.h>
+#include <linux/refcount.h>
+#include <linux/uts.h>
+#include <linux/utsname.h>
+
+struct uts_namespace init_uts_ns = {
+	.ns.count = REFCOUNT_INIT(2),
+	.name = {
+		.sysname	= UTS_SYSNAME,
+		.nodename	= UTS_NODENAME,
+		.release	= UTS_RELEASE,
+		.version	= UTS_VERSION,
+		.machine	= UTS_MACHINE,
+		.domainname	= UTS_DOMAINNAME,
+	},
+	.user_ns = &init_user_ns,
+	.ns.inum = PROC_UTS_INIT_INO,
+#ifdef CONFIG_UTS_NS
+	.ns.ops = &utsns_operations,
+#endif
+};
+
+/* FIXED STRINGS! Don't touch! */
+const char linux_banner[] =
+	"Linux version " UTS_RELEASE " (" LINUX_COMPILE_BY "@"
+	LINUX_COMPILE_HOST ") (" LINUX_COMPILER ") " UTS_VERSION "\n";

init/version.c

···
 #include <linux/uts.h>
 #include <linux/utsname.h>
 #include <generated/utsrelease.h>
-#include <linux/version.h>
 #include <linux/proc_ns.h>
-
-struct uts_namespace init_uts_ns = {
-	.ns.count = REFCOUNT_INIT(2),
-	.name = {
-		.sysname	= UTS_SYSNAME,
-		.nodename	= UTS_NODENAME,
-		.release	= UTS_RELEASE,
-		.version	= UTS_VERSION,
-		.machine	= UTS_MACHINE,
-		.domainname	= UTS_DOMAINNAME,
-	},
-	.user_ns = &init_user_ns,
-	.ns.inum = PROC_UTS_INIT_INO,
-#ifdef CONFIG_UTS_NS
-	.ns.ops = &utsns_operations,
-#endif
-};
-EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(init_uts_ns);
 
 static int __init early_hostname(char *arg)
 {
···
 }
 early_param("hostname", early_hostname);
 
-/* FIXED STRINGS! Don't touch! */
-const char linux_banner[] =
-	"Linux version " UTS_RELEASE " (" LINUX_COMPILE_BY "@"
-	LINUX_COMPILE_HOST ") (" LINUX_COMPILER ") " UTS_VERSION "\n";
-
 const char linux_proc_banner[] =
 	"%s version %s"
 	" (" LINUX_COMPILE_BY "@" LINUX_COMPILE_HOST ")"
···
 
 BUILD_SALT;
 BUILD_LTO_INFO;
+
+/*
+ * init_uts_ns and linux_banner contain the build version and timestamp,
+ * which are really fixed at the very last step of build process.
+ * They are compiled with __weak first, and without __weak later.
+ */
+
+struct uts_namespace init_uts_ns __weak;
+const char linux_banner[] __weak;
+
+#include "version-timestamp.c"
+
+EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(init_uts_ns);

kernel/gen_kheaders.sh

···
 fi
 all_dirs="$all_dirs $dir_list"
 
-# include/generated/compile.h is ignored because it is touched even when none
-# of the source files changed.
+# include/generated/utsversion.h is ignored because it is generated after this
+# script is executed. (utsversion.h is unneeded for kheaders)
 #
 # When Kconfig regenerates include/generated/autoconf.h, its timestamp is
 # updated, but the contents might be still the same. When any CONFIG option is
···
 #
 # Ignore them for md5 calculation to avoid pointless regeneration.
 headers_md5="$(find $all_dirs -name "*.h"			|
-		grep -v "include/generated/compile.h"	|
+		grep -v "include/generated/utsversion.h"	|
 		grep -v "include/generated/autoconf.h"	|
 		xargs ls -l | md5sum | cut -d ' ' -f1)"
 

lib/Kconfig

···
 config LZ4_DECOMPRESS
 	tristate
 
-config ZSTD_COMPRESS
+config ZSTD_COMMON
 	select XXHASH
 	tristate
 
+config ZSTD_COMPRESS
+	select ZSTD_COMMON
+	tristate
+
 config ZSTD_DECOMPRESS
-	select XXHASH
+	select ZSTD_COMMON
 	tristate
 
 source "lib/xz/Kconfig"

lib/zstd/Makefile

···
 # ################################################################
 obj-$(CONFIG_ZSTD_COMPRESS) += zstd_compress.o
 obj-$(CONFIG_ZSTD_DECOMPRESS) += zstd_decompress.o
+obj-$(CONFIG_ZSTD_COMMON) += zstd_common.o
 
 zstd_compress-y := \
 		zstd_compress_module.o \
-		common/debug.o \
-		common/entropy_common.o \
-		common/error_private.o \
-		common/fse_decompress.o \
-		common/zstd_common.o \
 		compress/fse_compress.o \
 		compress/hist.o \
 		compress/huf_compress.o \
···
 
 zstd_decompress-y := \
 		zstd_decompress_module.o \
+		decompress/huf_decompress.o \
+		decompress/zstd_ddict.o \
+		decompress/zstd_decompress.o \
+		decompress/zstd_decompress_block.o \
+
+zstd_common-y := \
 		common/debug.o \
 		common/entropy_common.o \
 		common/error_private.o \
 		common/fse_decompress.o \
 		common/zstd_common.o \
-		decompress/huf_decompress.o \
-		decompress/zstd_ddict.o \
-		decompress/zstd_decompress.o \
-		decompress/zstd_decompress_block.o \

lib/zstd/common/entropy_common.c

···
 /* *************************************
 *  Dependencies
 ***************************************/
+#include <linux/module.h>
 #include "mem.h"
 #include "error_private.h"       /* ERR_*, ERROR */
 #define FSE_STATIC_LINKING_ONLY  /* FSE_MIN_TABLELOG */
···
 {
     return FSE_readNCount_bmi2(normalizedCounter, maxSVPtr, tableLogPtr, headerBuffer, hbSize, /* bmi2 */ 0);
 }
-
+EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(FSE_readNCount);
 
 /*! HUF_readStats() :
     Read compact Huffman tree, saved by HUF_writeCTable().
···
     U32 wksp[HUF_READ_STATS_WORKSPACE_SIZE_U32];
     return HUF_readStats_wksp(huffWeight, hwSize, rankStats, nbSymbolsPtr, tableLogPtr, src, srcSize, wksp, sizeof(wksp), /* bmi2 */ 0);
 }
+EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(HUF_readStats);
 
 FORCE_INLINE_TEMPLATE size_t
 HUF_readStats_body(BYTE* huffWeight, size_t hwSize, U32* rankStats,
···
     (void)bmi2;
     return HUF_readStats_body_default(huffWeight, hwSize, rankStats, nbSymbolsPtr, tableLogPtr, src, srcSize, workSpace, wkspSize);
 }
+EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(HUF_readStats_wksp);

lib/zstd/common/zstd_common.c

···
 /*-*************************************
 *  Dependencies
 ***************************************/
+#include <linux/module.h>
 #define ZSTD_DEPS_NEED_MALLOC
 #include "zstd_deps.h"   /* ZSTD_malloc, ZSTD_calloc, ZSTD_free, ZSTD_memset */
 #include "error_private.h"
···
  *  tells if a return value is an error code
  *  symbol is required for external callers */
 unsigned ZSTD_isError(size_t code) { return ERR_isError(code); }
+EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(ZSTD_isError);
 
 /*! ZSTD_getErrorName() :
  *  provides error code string from function result (useful for debugging) */
 const char* ZSTD_getErrorName(size_t code) { return ERR_getErrorName(code); }
+EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(ZSTD_getErrorName);
 
 /*! ZSTD_getError() :
  *  convert a `size_t` function result into a proper ZSTD_errorCode enum */
 ZSTD_ErrorCode ZSTD_getErrorCode(size_t code) { return ERR_getErrorCode(code); }
+EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(ZSTD_getErrorCode);
 
 /*! ZSTD_getErrorString() :
  *  provides error code string from enum */
···
         return customMem.customAlloc(customMem.opaque, size);
     return ZSTD_malloc(size);
 }
+EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(ZSTD_customMalloc);
 
 void* ZSTD_customCalloc(size_t size, ZSTD_customMem customMem)
 {
···
     }
     return ZSTD_calloc(1, size);
 }
+EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(ZSTD_customCalloc);
 
 void ZSTD_customFree(void* ptr, ZSTD_customMem customMem)
 {
···
             ZSTD_free(ptr);
     }
 }
+EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(ZSTD_customFree);
+
+MODULE_LICENSE("Dual BSD/GPL");
+MODULE_DESCRIPTION("Zstd Common");

scripts/Kbuild.include

···
  quiet_redirect :=
 silent_redirect := exec >/dev/null;
 
+# Delete the target on interruption
+#
+# GNU Make automatically deletes the target if it has already been changed by
+# the interrupted recipe. So, you can safely stop the build by Ctrl-C (Make
+# will delete incomplete targets), and resume it later.
+#
+# However, this does not work when the stderr is piped to another program, like
+#  $ make >&2 | tee log
+# Make dies with SIGPIPE before cleaning the targets.
+#
+# To address it, we clean the target in signal traps.
+#
+# Make deletes the target when it catches SIGHUP, SIGINT, SIGQUIT, SIGTERM.
+# So, we cover them, and also SIGPIPE just in case.
+#
+# Of course, this is unneeded for phony targets.
+delete-on-interrupt = \
+	$(if $(filter-out $(PHONY), $@), \
+		$(foreach sig, HUP INT QUIT TERM PIPE, \
+			trap 'rm -f $@; trap - $(sig); kill -s $(sig) $$$$' $(sig);))
+
 # printing commands
-cmd = @set -e; $(echo-cmd) $($(quiet)redirect) $(cmd_$(1))
+cmd = @set -e; $(echo-cmd) $($(quiet)redirect) $(delete-on-interrupt) $(cmd_$(1))
 
 ###
 # if_changed      - execute command if any prerequisite is newer than

scripts/Makefile.build

···
 
 src := $(obj)
 
-PHONY := __build
-__build:
+PHONY := $(obj)/
+$(obj)/:
 
 # Init all relevant variables used in kbuild files so
 # 1) they have correct type
···
 
 targets += $(filter-out $(subdir-builtin), $(real-obj-y))
 targets += $(filter-out $(subdir-modorder), $(real-obj-m))
-targets += $(real-dtb-y) $(lib-y) $(always-y) $(MAKECMDGOALS)
+targets += $(real-dtb-y) $(lib-y) $(always-y)
 
 # Linker scripts preprocessor (.lds.S -> .lds)
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
···
 
 cmd_modules_order = { $(foreach m, $(real-prereqs), \
 	$(if $(filter %/modules.order, $m), cat $m, echo $(patsubst %.o,%.ko,$m));) :; } \
-	| $(AWK) '!x[$$0]++' - > $@
+	> $@
 
 $(obj)/modules.order: $(obj-m) FORCE
 	$(call if_changed,modules_order)
···
 	$(call if_changed_rule,ld_multi_m)
 $(call multi_depend, $(multi-obj-m), .o, -objs -y -m)
 
-targets := $(filter-out $(PHONY), $(targets))
-
 # Add intermediate targets:
 # When building objects with specific suffix patterns, add intermediate
 # targets that the final targets are derived from.
···
 # Build
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-ifdef single-build
-
-KBUILD_SINGLE_TARGETS := $(filter $(obj)/%, $(KBUILD_SINGLE_TARGETS))
-
-curdir-single := $(sort $(foreach x, $(KBUILD_SINGLE_TARGETS), \
-			$(if $(filter $(x) $(basename $(x)).o, $(targets)), $(x))))
-
-# Handle single targets without any rule: show "Nothing to be done for ..." or
-# "No rule to make target ..." depending on whether the target exists.
-unknown-single := $(filter-out $(addsuffix /%, $(subdir-ym)), \
-			$(filter-out $(curdir-single), $(KBUILD_SINGLE_TARGETS)))
-
-single-subdirs := $(foreach d, $(subdir-ym), \
-			$(if $(filter $(d)/%, $(KBUILD_SINGLE_TARGETS)), $(d)))
-
-__build: $(curdir-single) $(single-subdirs)
-ifneq ($(unknown-single),)
-	$(Q)$(MAKE) -f /dev/null $(unknown-single)
-endif
-	@:
-
-ifeq ($(curdir-single),)
-# Nothing to do in this directory. Do not include any .*.cmd file for speed-up
-targets :=
-else
-targets += $(curdir-single)
-endif
-
-else
-
-__build: $(if $(KBUILD_BUILTIN), $(targets-for-builtin)) \
+$(obj)/: $(if $(KBUILD_BUILTIN), $(targets-for-builtin)) \
 	 $(if $(KBUILD_MODULES), $(targets-for-modules)) \
 	 $(subdir-ym) $(always-y)
 	@:
 
-endif
+# Single targets
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+single-subdirs := $(foreach d, $(subdir-ym), $(if $(filter $d/%, $(MAKECMDGOALS)), $d))
+single-subdir-goals := $(filter $(addsuffix /%, $(single-subdirs)), $(MAKECMDGOALS))
+
+$(single-subdir-goals): $(single-subdirs)
+	@:
 
 # Descending
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
···
 PHONY += $(subdir-ym)
 $(subdir-ym):
 	$(Q)$(MAKE) $(build)=$@ \
-	$(if $(filter $@/, $(KBUILD_SINGLE_TARGETS)),single-build=) \
 	need-builtin=$(if $(filter $@/built-in.a, $(subdir-builtin)),1) \
-	need-modorder=$(if $(filter $@/modules.order, $(subdir-modorder)),1)
+	need-modorder=$(if $(filter $@/modules.order, $(subdir-modorder)),1) \
+	$(filter $@/%, $(single-subdir-goals))
 
 # Add FORCE to the prequisites of a target to force it to be always rebuilt.
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
···
 PHONY += FORCE
 
 FORCE:
+
+targets += $(filter-out $(single-subdir-goals), $(MAKECMDGOALS))
+targets := $(filter-out $(PHONY), $(targets))
 
 # Read all saved command lines and dependencies for the $(targets) we
 # may be building above, using $(if_changed{,_dep}). As an

scripts/Makefile.compiler

···
 cc-disable-warning = $(call try-run,\
 	$(CC) -Werror $(KBUILD_CPPFLAGS) $(KBUILD_CFLAGS) -W$(strip $(1)) -c -x c /dev/null -o "$$TMP",-Wno-$(strip $(1)))
 
-# cc-ifversion
-# Usage:  EXTRA_CFLAGS += $(call cc-ifversion, -lt, 0402, -O1)
-cc-ifversion = $(shell [ $(CONFIG_GCC_VERSION)0 $(1) $(2)000 ] && echo $(3) || echo $(4))
+# gcc-min-version
+# Usage: cflags-$(call gcc-min-version, 70100) += -foo
+gcc-min-version = $(shell [ $(CONFIG_GCC_VERSION)0 -ge $(1)0 ] && echo y)
+
+# clang-min-version
+# Usage: cflags-$(call clang-min-version, 110000) += -foo
+clang-min-version = $(shell [ $(CONFIG_CLANG_VERSION)0 -ge $(1)0 ] && echo y)
 
 # ld-option
 # Usage: KBUILD_LDFLAGS += $(call ld-option, -X, -Y)

scripts/Makefile.extrawarn

···
 ifdef CONFIG_CC_IS_CLANG
 KBUILD_CFLAGS += -Wno-initializer-overrides
 # Clang before clang-16 would warn on default argument promotions.
-ifeq ($(shell [ $(CONFIG_CLANG_VERSION) -lt 160000 ] && echo y),y)
+ifneq ($(call clang-min-version, 160000),y)
 # Disable -Wformat
 KBUILD_CFLAGS += -Wno-format
 # Then re-enable flags that were part of the -Wformat group that aren't
···
 KBUILD_CFLAGS += -Wformat-extra-args -Wformat-invalid-specifier
 KBUILD_CFLAGS += -Wformat-zero-length -Wnonnull
 # Requires clang-12+.
-ifeq ($(shell [ $(CONFIG_CLANG_VERSION) -ge 120000 ] && echo y),y)
+ifeq ($(call clang-min-version, 120000),y)
 KBUILD_CFLAGS += -Wformat-insufficient-args
 endif
 endif

scripts/Makefile.lib

···
 
 # Add subdir path
 
+ifneq ($(obj),.)
 extra-y		:= $(addprefix $(obj)/,$(extra-y))
 always-y	:= $(addprefix $(obj)/,$(always-y))
 targets		:= $(addprefix $(obj)/,$(targets))
···
 multi-dtb-y	:= $(addprefix $(obj)/, $(multi-dtb-y))
 real-dtb-y	:= $(addprefix $(obj)/, $(real-dtb-y))
 subdir-ym	:= $(addprefix $(obj)/,$(subdir-ym))
+endif
 
 # Finds the multi-part object the current object will be linked into.
 # If the object belongs to two or more multi-part objects, list them all.
···
 
 objtool := $(objtree)/tools/objtool/objtool
 
-objtool_args =								\
-	$(if $(CONFIG_HAVE_JUMP_LABEL_HACK), --hacks=jump_label)	\
-	$(if $(CONFIG_HAVE_NOINSTR_HACK), --hacks=noinstr)		\
-	$(if $(CONFIG_X86_KERNEL_IBT), --ibt)				\
-	$(if $(CONFIG_FTRACE_MCOUNT_USE_OBJTOOL), --mcount)		\
-	$(if $(CONFIG_UNWINDER_ORC), --orc)				\
-	$(if $(CONFIG_RETPOLINE), --retpoline)				\
-	$(if $(CONFIG_RETHUNK), --rethunk)				\
-	$(if $(CONFIG_SLS), --sls)					\
-	$(if $(CONFIG_STACK_VALIDATION), --stackval)			\
-	$(if $(CONFIG_HAVE_STATIC_CALL_INLINE), --static-call)		\
-	$(if $(CONFIG_HAVE_UACCESS_VALIDATION), --uaccess)		\
+objtool-args-$(CONFIG_HAVE_JUMP_LABEL_HACK)		+= --hacks=jump_label
+objtool-args-$(CONFIG_HAVE_NOINSTR_HACK)		+= --hacks=noinstr
+objtool-args-$(CONFIG_X86_KERNEL_IBT)			+= --ibt
+objtool-args-$(CONFIG_FTRACE_MCOUNT_USE_OBJTOOL)	+= --mcount
+objtool-args-$(CONFIG_UNWINDER_ORC)			+= --orc
+objtool-args-$(CONFIG_RETPOLINE)			+= --retpoline
+objtool-args-$(CONFIG_RETHUNK)				+= --rethunk
+objtool-args-$(CONFIG_SLS)				+= --sls
+objtool-args-$(CONFIG_STACK_VALIDATION)			+= --stackval
+objtool-args-$(CONFIG_HAVE_STATIC_CALL_INLINE)		+= --static-call
+objtool-args-$(CONFIG_HAVE_UACCESS_VALIDATION)		+= --uaccess
+objtool-args-$(CONFIG_GCOV_KERNEL)			+= --no-unreachable
+
+objtool-args = $(objtool-args-y)					\
 	$(if $(delay-objtool), --link)					\
-	$(if $(part-of-module), --module)				\
-	$(if $(CONFIG_GCOV_KERNEL), --no-unreachable)
+	$(if $(part-of-module), --module)
 
 delay-objtool := $(or $(CONFIG_LTO_CLANG),$(CONFIG_X86_KERNEL_IBT))
 
-cmd_objtool = $(if $(objtool-enabled), ; $(objtool) $(objtool_args) $@)
+cmd_objtool = $(if $(objtool-enabled), ; $(objtool) $(objtool-args) $@)
 cmd_gen_objtooldep = $(if $(objtool-enabled), { echo ; echo '$@: $$(wildcard $(objtool))' ; } >> $(dot-target).cmd)
 
 endif # CONFIG_OBJTOOL

scripts/Makefile.modfinal

···
 	printf '%s\n' 'cmd_$@ := $(make-cmd)' > $(dot-target).cmd, @:)
 
 # Re-generate module BTFs if either module's .ko or vmlinux changed
-$(modules): %.ko: %.o %.mod.o scripts/module.lds $(if $(KBUILD_BUILTIN),vmlinux) FORCE
+$(modules): %.ko: %.o %.mod.o scripts/module.lds $(and $(CONFIG_DEBUG_INFO_BTF_MODULES),$(KBUILD_BUILTIN),vmlinux) FORCE
 	+$(call if_changed_except,ld_ko_o,vmlinux)
 ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_INFO_BTF_MODULES
 	+$(if $(newer-prereqs),$(call cmd,btf_ko))

scripts/Makefile.modpost

···
 # Step 4 is solely used to allow module versioning in external modules,
 # where the CRC of each module is retrieved from the Module.symvers file.
 
-# KBUILD_MODPOST_NOFINAL can be set to skip the final link of modules.
-# This is solely useful to speed up test compiles
-
 PHONY := __modpost
 __modpost:
 
 include include/config/auto.conf
 include $(srctree)/scripts/Kbuild.include
 
-MODPOST = scripts/mod/modpost								\
+modpost-args =										\
 	$(if $(CONFIG_MODVERSIONS),-m)							\
 	$(if $(CONFIG_MODULE_SRCVERSION_ALL),-a)					\
 	$(if $(CONFIG_SECTION_MISMATCH_WARN_ONLY),,-E)					\
+	$(if $(KBUILD_NSDEPS),-d $(MODULES_NSDEPS))					\
+	$(if $(CONFIG_MODULE_ALLOW_MISSING_NAMESPACE_IMPORTS)$(KBUILD_NSDEPS),-N)	\
 	-o $@
 
-ifdef MODPOST_VMLINUX
-
-quiet_cmd_modpost = MODPOST $@
-      cmd_modpost = $(MODPOST) $<
-
-vmlinux.symvers: vmlinux.o
-	$(call cmd,modpost)
-
-__modpost: vmlinux.symvers
-
-else
+# 'make -i -k' ignores compile errors, and builds as many modules as possible.
+ifneq ($(findstring i,$(filter-out --%,$(MAKEFLAGS))),)
+modpost-args += -n
+endif
 
 ifeq ($(KBUILD_EXTMOD),)
 
-input-symdump := vmlinux.symvers
-output-symdump := modules-only.symvers
+# Generate the list of in-tree objects in vmlinux
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-quiet_cmd_cat = GEN     $@
-      cmd_cat = cat $(real-prereqs) > $@
+# This is used to retrieve symbol versions generated by genksyms.
+ifdef CONFIG_MODVERSIONS
+vmlinux.symvers Module.symvers: .vmlinux.objs
+endif
 
-ifneq ($(wildcard vmlinux.symvers),)
+# Ignore libgcc.a
+# Some architectures do '$(CC) --print-libgcc-file-name' to borrow libgcc.a
+# from the toolchain, but there is no EXPORT_SYMBOL in it.
 
-__modpost: Module.symvers
-Module.symvers: vmlinux.symvers modules-only.symvers FORCE
-	$(call if_changed,cat)
+quiet_cmd_vmlinux_objs = GEN     $@
+      cmd_vmlinux_objs =		\
+	for f in $(real-prereqs); do	\
+		case $${f} in		\
+		*libgcc.a) ;;		\
+		*) $(AR) t $${f} ;;	\
+		esac			\
+	done > $@
 
-targets += Module.symvers
+targets += .vmlinux.objs
+.vmlinux.objs: vmlinux.a $(KBUILD_VMLINUX_LIBS) FORCE
+	$(call if_changed,vmlinux_objs)
 
+vmlinux.o-if-present := $(wildcard vmlinux.o)
+output-symdump := vmlinux.symvers
+
+ifdef KBUILD_MODULES
+output-symdump := $(if $(vmlinux.o-if-present), Module.symvers, modules-only.symvers)
+missing-input := $(filter-out $(vmlinux.o-if-present),vmlinux.o)
 endif
 
 else
···
 # Include the module's Makefile to find KBUILD_EXTRA_SYMBOLS
 include $(or $(wildcard $(src)/Kbuild), $(src)/Makefile)
 
-# modpost option for external modules
-MODPOST += -e
-
-input-symdump := Module.symvers $(KBUILD_EXTRA_SYMBOLS)
+module.symvers-if-present := $(wildcard Module.symvers)
 output-symdump := $(KBUILD_EXTMOD)/Module.symvers
+missing-input := $(filter-out $(module.symvers-if-present), Module.symvers)
 
+modpost-args += -e $(addprefix -i ,$(module.symvers-if-present) $(KBUILD_EXTRA_SYMBOLS))
+
+endif # ($(KBUILD_EXTMOD),)
+
+ifneq ($(KBUILD_MODPOST_WARN)$(missing-input),)
+modpost-args += -w
 endif
 
-existing-input-symdump := $(wildcard $(input-symdump))
+modorder-if-needed := $(if $(KBUILD_MODULES), $(MODORDER))
 
-# modpost options for modules (both in-kernel and external)
-MODPOST += \
-	$(addprefix -i ,$(existing-input-symdump)) \
-	$(if $(KBUILD_NSDEPS),-d $(MODULES_NSDEPS)) \
-	$(if $(CONFIG_MODULE_ALLOW_MISSING_NAMESPACE_IMPORTS)$(KBUILD_NSDEPS),-N)
-
-# 'make -i -k' ignores compile errors, and builds as many modules as possible.
-ifneq ($(findstring i,$(filter-out --%,$(MAKEFLAGS))),)
-MODPOST += -n
-endif
-
-# Clear VPATH to not search for *.symvers in $(srctree). Check only $(objtree).
-VPATH :=
-$(input-symdump):
-	@echo >&2 'WARNING: Symbol version dump "$@" is missing.'
-	@echo >&2 '         Modules may not have dependencies or modversions.'
-	@echo >&2 '         You may get many unresolved symbol warnings.'
-
-# KBUILD_MODPOST_WARN can be set to avoid error out in case of undefined symbols
-ifneq ($(KBUILD_MODPOST_WARN)$(filter-out $(existing-input-symdump), $(input-symdump)),)
-MODPOST += -w
-endif
+MODPOST = scripts/mod/modpost
 
 # Read out modules.order to pass in modpost.
 # Otherwise, allmodconfig would fail with "Argument list too long".
 quiet_cmd_modpost = MODPOST $@
-      cmd_modpost = sed 's/ko$$/o/' $< | $(MODPOST) -T -
-
-$(output-symdump): $(MODORDER) $(input-symdump) FORCE
-	$(call if_changed,modpost)
+      cmd_modpost = \
+	$(if $(missing-input), \
+		echo >&2 "WARNING: $(missing-input) is missing."; \
+		echo >&2 "         Modules may not have dependencies or modversions."; \
+		echo >&2 "         You may get many unresolved symbol warnings.";) \
+	sed 's/ko$$/o/' $(or $(modorder-if-needed), /dev/null) | $(MODPOST) $(modpost-args) $(vmlinux.o-if-present) -T -
 
 targets += $(output-symdump)
+$(output-symdump): $(modorder-if-needed) $(vmlinux.o-if-present) $(moudle.symvers-if-present) $(MODPOST) FORCE
+	$(call if_changed,modpost)
 
 __modpost: $(output-symdump)
-ifneq ($(KBUILD_MODPOST_NOFINAL),1)
-	$(Q)$(MAKE) -f $(srctree)/scripts/Makefile.modfinal
-endif
-
 PHONY += FORCE
 FORCE:
 
 existing-targets := $(wildcard $(sort $(targets)))
 
 -include $(foreach f,$(existing-targets),$(dir $(f)).$(notdir $(f)).cmd)
-
-endif
 
 .PHONY: $(PHONY)

scripts/Makefile.package

···
 KBUILD_PKG_ROOTCMD ?="fakeroot -u"
 export KDEB_SOURCENAME
 # Include only those top-level files that are needed by make, plus the GPL copy
-TAR_CONTENT := $(KBUILD_ALLDIRS) .config .scmversion Makefile \
+TAR_CONTENT := Documentation LICENSES arch block certs crypto drivers fs \
+               include init io_uring ipc kernel lib mm net samples scripts \
+               security sound tools usr virt \
+               .config .scmversion Makefile \
                Kbuild Kconfig COPYING $(wildcard localversion*)
 MKSPEC     := $(srctree)/scripts/package/mkspec
 

scripts/Makefile.vmlinux

···
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 
+PHONY := __default
+__default: vmlinux
+
 include include/config/auto.conf
 include $(srctree)/scripts/Kbuild.include
 
 # for c_flags
 include $(srctree)/scripts/Makefile.lib
+
+targets :=
 
 quiet_cmd_cc_o_c = CC      $@
       cmd_cc_o_c = $(CC) $(c_flags) -c -o $@ $<
···
 %.o: %.c FORCE
 	$(call if_changed_dep,cc_o_c)
 
-targets := $(MAKECMDGOALS)
+ifdef CONFIG_MODULES
+targets += .vmlinux.export.o
+vmlinux: .vmlinux.export.o
+endif
+
+ARCH_POSTLINK := $(wildcard $(srctree)/arch/$(SRCARCH)/Makefile.postlink)
+
+# Final link of vmlinux with optional arch pass after final link
+cmd_link_vmlinux =							\
+	$< "$(LD)" "$(KBUILD_LDFLAGS)" "$(LDFLAGS_vmlinux)";		\
+	$(if $(ARCH_POSTLINK), $(MAKE) -f $(ARCH_POSTLINK) $@, true)
+
+targets += vmlinux
+vmlinux: scripts/link-vmlinux.sh vmlinux.o $(KBUILD_LDS) FORCE
+	+$(call if_changed_dep,link_vmlinux)
 
 # Add FORCE to the prequisites of a target to force it to be always rebuilt.
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

scripts/Makefile.vmlinux_o

···
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 
 PHONY := __default
-__default: vmlinux.o
+__default: vmlinux.o modules.builtin.modinfo modules.builtin
 
 include include/config/auto.conf
 include $(srctree)/scripts/Kbuild.include
···
 	$(PERL) $(real-prereqs) > $@
 
 .tmp_initcalls.lds: $(srctree)/scripts/generate_initcall_order.pl \
-		$(KBUILD_VMLINUX_OBJS) $(KBUILD_VMLINUX_LIBS) FORCE
+		vmlinux.a $(KBUILD_VMLINUX_LIBS) FORCE
 	$(call if_changed,gen_initcalls_lds)
 
 targets := .tmp_initcalls.lds
···
 
 objtool-enabled := $(or $(delay-objtool),$(CONFIG_NOINSTR_VALIDATION))
 
-# Reuse objtool_args defined in scripts/Makefile.lib if LTO or IBT is enabled.
-#
-# Add some more flags as needed.
-# --no-unreachable and --link might be added twice, but it is fine.
-#
-# Expand objtool_args to a simple variable to avoid circular reference.
+vmlinux-objtool-args-$(delay-objtool)			+= $(objtool-args-y)
+vmlinux-objtool-args-$(CONFIG_GCOV_KERNEL)		+= --no-unreachable
+vmlinux-objtool-args-$(CONFIG_NOINSTR_VALIDATION)	+= --noinstr $(if $(CONFIG_CPU_UNRET_ENTRY), --unret)
 
-objtool_args := \
-	$(if $(delay-objtool),$(objtool_args)) \
-	$(if $(CONFIG_NOINSTR_VALIDATION), --noinstr $(if $(CONFIG_CPU_UNRET_ENTRY), --unret)) \
-	$(if $(CONFIG_GCOV_KERNEL), --no-unreachable) \
-	--link
+objtool-args = $(vmlinux-objtool-args-y) --link
 
 # Link of vmlinux.o used for section mismatch analysis
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
···
       cmd_ld_vmlinux.o = \
 	$(LD) ${KBUILD_LDFLAGS} -r -o $@ \
 	$(addprefix -T , $(initcalls-lds)) \
-	--whole-archive $(KBUILD_VMLINUX_OBJS) --no-whole-archive \
+	--whole-archive vmlinux.a --no-whole-archive \
 	--start-group $(KBUILD_VMLINUX_LIBS) --end-group \
 	$(cmd_objtool)
 
···
 	$(call cmd,gen_objtooldep)
 endef
 
-vmlinux.o: $(initcalls-lds) $(KBUILD_VMLINUX_OBJS) $(KBUILD_VMLINUX_LIBS) FORCE
+vmlinux.o: $(initcalls-lds) vmlinux.a $(KBUILD_VMLINUX_LIBS) FORCE
 	$(call if_changed_rule,ld_vmlinux.o)
 
 targets += vmlinux.o
+
+# module.builtin.modinfo
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+OBJCOPYFLAGS_modules.builtin.modinfo := -j .modinfo -O binary
+
+targets += modules.builtin.modinfo
+modules.builtin.modinfo: vmlinux.o FORCE
+	$(call if_changed,objcopy)
+
+# module.builtin
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+# The second line aids cases where multiple modules share the same object.
+
+quiet_cmd_modules_builtin = GEN     $@
+      cmd_modules_builtin = \
+	tr '\0' '\n' < $< | \
+	sed -n 's/^[[:alnum:]:_]*\.file=//p' | \
+	tr ' ' '\n' | uniq | sed -e 's:^:kernel/:' -e 's/$$/.ko/' > $@
+
+targets += modules.builtin
+modules.builtin: modules.builtin.modinfo FORCE
+	$(call if_changed,modules_builtin)
 
 # Add FORCE to the prequisites of a target to force it to be always rebuilt.
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

scripts/asn1_compiler.c

···
 
 static struct element *element_list;
 
-static struct element *alloc_elem(struct token *type)
+static struct element *alloc_elem(void)
 {
 	struct element *e = calloc(1, sizeof(*e));
 	if (!e) {
···
 	char *p;
 	int labelled = 0, implicit = 0;
 
-	top = element = alloc_elem(cursor);
+	top = element = alloc_elem();
 	element->class = ASN1_UNIV;
 	element->method = ASN1_PRIM;
 	element->tag = token_to_tag[cursor->token_type];
···
 		if (!implicit)
 			element->method |= ASN1_CONS;
 		element->compound = implicit ? TAG_OVERRIDE : SEQUENCE;
-		element->children = alloc_elem(cursor);
+		element->children = alloc_elem();
 		element = element->children;
 		element->class = ASN1_UNIV;
 		element->method = ASN1_PRIM;

scripts/atomic/check-atomics.sh

···
-#!/bin/sh
-# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
-#
-# Check if atomic headers are up-to-date
-
-ATOMICDIR=$(dirname $0)
-ATOMICTBL=${ATOMICDIR}/atomics.tbl
-LINUXDIR=${ATOMICDIR}/../..
-
-echo '' | sha1sum - > /dev/null 2>&1
-if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
-	printf "sha1sum not available, skipping atomic header checks.\n"
-	exit 0
-fi
-
-cat <<EOF |
-linux/atomic/atomic-instrumented.h
-linux/atomic/atomic-long.h
-linux/atomic/atomic-arch-fallback.h
-EOF
-while read header; do
-	OLDSUM="$(tail -n 1 ${LINUXDIR}/include/${header})"
-	OLDSUM="${OLDSUM#// }"
-
-	NEWSUM="$(sed '$d' ${LINUXDIR}/include/${header} | sha1sum)"
-	NEWSUM="${NEWSUM%% *}"
-
-	if [ "${OLDSUM}" != "${NEWSUM}" ]; then
-		printf "warning: generated include/${header} has been modified.\n"
-	fi
-done
-
-exit 0

scripts/check-local-export

···
-#!/usr/bin/env bash
+#!/bin/sh
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 #
 # Copyright (C) 2022 Masahiro Yamada <[e-mail]>
+# Copyright (C) 2022 Owen Rafferty <[e-mail]>
 #
 # Exit with error if a local exported symbol is found.
 # EXPORT_SYMBOL should be used for global symbols.
 
 set -e
-
-# catch errors from ${NM}
-set -o pipefail
-
-# Run the last element of a pipeline in the current shell.
-# Without this, the while-loop would be executed in a subshell, and
-# the changes made to 'symbol_types' and 'export_symbols' would be lost.
-shopt -s lastpipe
-
-declare -A symbol_types
-declare -a export_symbols
-
-exit_code=0
+pid=$$
 
 # If there is no symbol in the object, ${NM} (both GNU nm and llvm-nm) shows
 # 'no symbols' diagnostic (but exits with 0). It is harmless and hidden by
···
 # TODO:
 # Use --quiet instead of 2>/dev/null when we upgrade the minimum version of
 # binutils to 2.37, llvm to 13.0.0.
-# Then, the following line will be really simple:
-#   ${NM} --quiet ${1} |
+# Then, the following line will be simpler:
+#   { ${NM} --quiet ${1} || kill 0; } |
 
-{ ${NM} ${1} 2>/dev/null || { echo "${0}: ${NM} failed" >&2; false; } } |
-while read value type name
-do
-	# Skip the line if the number of fields is less than 3.
-	#
-	# case 1)
-	#   For undefined symbols, the first field (value) is empty.
-	#   The outout looks like this:
-	#     "                 U _printk"
-	#   It is unneeded to record undefined symbols.
-	#
-	# case 2)
-	#   For Clang LTO, llvm-nm outputs a line with type 't' but empty name:
-	#     "---------------- t"
-	if [[ -z ${name} ]]; then
-		continue
-	fi
+{ ${NM} ${1} 2>/dev/null || { echo "${0}: ${NM} failed" >&2; kill $pid; } } |
+${AWK} -v "file=${1}" '
+BEGIN {
+	i = 0
+}
 
-	# save (name, type) in the associative array
-	symbol_types[${name}]=${type}
+# Skip the line if the number of fields is less than 3.
+#
+# case 1)
+#   For undefined symbols, the first field (value) is empty.
+#   The outout looks like this:
+#     "                 U _printk"
+#   It is unneeded to record undefined symbols.
+#
+# case 2)
+#   For Clang LTO, llvm-nm outputs a line with type t but empty name:
+#     "---------------- t"
+!length($3) {
+	next
+}
 
-	# append the exported symbol to the array
-	if [[ ${name} == __ksymtab_* ]]; then
-		export_symbols+=(${name#__ksymtab_})
-	fi
-done
+# save (name, type) in the associative array
+{ symbol_types[$3]=$2 }
 
-for name in "${export_symbols[@]}"
-do
-	# nm(3) says "If lowercase, the symbol is usually local"
-	if [[ ${symbol_types[$name]} =~ [a-z] ]]; then
-		echo "$@: error: local symbol '${name}' was exported" >&2
-		exit_code=1
-	fi
-done
+# append the exported symbol to the array
+($3 ~ /^__ksymtab_/) {
+	export_symbols[i] = $3
+	sub(/^__ksymtab_/, "", export_symbols[i])
+	i++
+}
 
-exit ${exit_code}
+END {
+	exit_code = 0
+	for (j = 0; j < i; ++j) {
+		name = export_symbols[j]
+		# nm(3) says "If lowercase, the symbol is usually local"
+		if (symbol_types[name] ~ /[a-z]/) {
+			printf "%s: error: local symbol %s was exported\n",
+				file, name | "cat 1>&2"
+			exit_code = 1
+		}
+	}
+
+	exit exit_code
+}'
+
+exit $?

scripts/clang-tools/gen_compile_commands.py

···
     return os.path.join(dir, '.' + base + '.cmd')
 
 
-def cmdfiles_for_o(obj):
-    """Generate the iterator of .cmd files associated with the object
-
-    Yield the .cmd file used to build the given object
-
-    Args:
-        obj: The object path
-
-    Yields:
-        The path to .cmd file
-    """
-    yield to_cmdfile(obj)
-
-
 def cmdfiles_for_a(archive, ar):
     """Generate the iterator of .cmd files associated with the archive.
 
···
     for path in paths:
         # If 'path' is a directory, handle all .cmd files under it.
         # Otherwise, handle .cmd files associated with the file.
-        # Most of built-in objects are linked via archives (built-in.a or lib.a)
-        # but some objects are linked to vmlinux directly.
+        # built-in objects are linked via vmlinux.a
         # Modules are listed in modules.order.
         if os.path.isdir(path):
             cmdfiles = cmdfiles_in_dir(path)
-        elif path.endswith('.o'):
-            cmdfiles = cmdfiles_for_o(path)
         elif path.endswith('.a'):
             cmdfiles = cmdfiles_for_a(path, ar)
         elif path.endswith('modules.order'):

scripts/head-object-list.txt

···
+# Head objects
+#
+# The objects listed here are placed at the head of vmlinux. A typical use-case
+# is an object that contains the entry point. This is kept for compatibility
+# with head-y, which Kbuild used to support.
+#
+# A counter approach is to control the section placement by the linker script.
+# The code marked as __HEAD goes into the ".head.text" section, which is placed
+# before the normal ".text" section.
+#
+# If you can achieve the correct code ordering by linker script, please delete
+# the entry from this file.
+#
+arch/alpha/kernel/head.o
+arch/arc/kernel/head.o
+arch/arm/kernel/head-nommu.o
+arch/arm/kernel/head.o
+arch/arm64/kernel/head.o
+arch/csky/kernel/head.o
+arch/hexagon/kernel/head.o
+arch/ia64/kernel/head.o
+arch/loongarch/kernel/head.o
+arch/m68k/68000/head.o
+arch/m68k/coldfire/head.o
+arch/m68k/kernel/head.o
+arch/m68k/kernel/sun3-head.o
+arch/microblaze/kernel/head.o
+arch/mips/kernel/head.o
+arch/nios2/kernel/head.o
+arch/openrisc/kernel/head.o
+arch/parisc/kernel/head.o
+arch/powerpc/kernel/head_40x.o
+arch/powerpc/kernel/head_44x.o
+arch/powerpc/kernel/head_64.o
+arch/powerpc/kernel/head_8xx.o
+arch/powerpc/kernel/head_85xx.o
+arch/powerpc/kernel/head_book3s_32.o
+arch/powerpc/kernel/entry_64.o
+arch/powerpc/kernel/fpu.o
+arch/powerpc/kernel/vector.o
+arch/powerpc/kernel/prom_init.o
+arch/riscv/kernel/head.o
+arch/s390/kernel/head64.o
+arch/sh/kernel/head_32.o
+arch/sparc/kernel/head_32.o
+arch/sparc/kernel/head_64.o
+arch/x86/kernel/head_32.o
+arch/x86/kernel/head_64.o
+arch/x86/kernel/head32.o
+arch/x86/kernel/head64.o
+arch/x86/kernel/ebda.o
+arch/x86/kernel/platform-quirks.o
+arch/xtensa/kernel/head.o

scripts/kallsyms.c

···
  *
  */
 
+#include <getopt.h>
 #include <stdbool.h>
 #include <stdio.h>
 #include <stdlib.h>
···
 static void usage(void)
 {
 	fprintf(stderr, "Usage: kallsyms [--all-symbols] [--absolute-percpu] "
-			"[--base-relative] < in.map > out.S\n");
+			"[--base-relative] in.map > out.S\n");
 	exit(1);
 }
 
···
 
 	/* Symbol names that begin with the following are ignored.*/
 	static const char * const ignored_prefixes[] = {
-		"$",			/* local symbols for ARM, MIPS, etc. */
-		".L",			/* local labels, .LBB,.Ltmpxxx,.L__unnamed_xx,.LASANPC, etc. */
-		"__crc_",		/* modversions */
 		"__efistub_",		/* arm64 EFI stub namespace */
 		"__kvm_nvhe_$",		/* arm64 local symbols in non-VHE KVM namespace */
 		"__kvm_nvhe_.L",	/* arm64 local symbols in non-VHE KVM namespace */
···
 	}
 }
 
-static void read_map(FILE *in)
+static void read_map(const char *in)
 {
+	FILE *fp;
 	struct sym_entry *sym;
 
-	while (!feof(in)) {
-		sym = read_symbol(in);
+	fp = fopen(in, "r");
+	if (!fp) {
+		perror(in);
+		exit(1);
+	}
+
+	while (!feof(fp)) {
+		sym = read_symbol(fp);
 		if (!sym)
 			continue;
 
···
 			table = realloc(table, sizeof(*table) * table_size);
 			if (!table) {
 				fprintf(stderr, "out of memory\n");
+				fclose(fp);
 				exit (1);
 			}
 		}
 
 		table[table_cnt++] = sym;
 	}
+
+	fclose(fp);
 }
 
 static void output_label(const char *label)
···
 
 int main(int argc, char **argv)
 {
-	if (argc >= 2) {
-		int i;
-		for (i = 1; i < argc; i++) {
-			if(strcmp(argv[i], "--all-symbols") == 0)
-				all_symbols = 1;
-			else if (strcmp(argv[i], "--absolute-percpu") == 0)
-				absolute_percpu = 1;
-			else if (strcmp(argv[i], "--base-relative") == 0)
-				base_relative = 1;
-			else
-				usage();
-		}
-	} else if (argc != 1)
+	while (1) {
+		static struct option long_options[] = {
+			{"all-symbols",     no_argument, &all_symbols,     1},
+			{"absolute-percpu", no_argument, &absolute_percpu, 1},
+			{"base-relative",   no_argument, &base_relative,   1},
+			{},
+		};
+
+		int c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "", long_options, NULL);
+
+		if (c == -1)
+			break;
+		if (c != 0)
+			usage();
+	}
+
+	if (optind >= argc)
 		usage();
 
-	read_map(stdin);
+	read_map(argv[optind]);
 	shrink_table();
 	if (absolute_percpu)
 		make_percpus_absolute();

scripts/kconfig/conf.c

···
 			print_help(child);
 			continue;
 		}
-		sym_set_choice_value(sym, child->sym);
+		sym_set_tristate_value(child->sym, yes);
 		for (child = child->list; child; child = child->next) {
 			indent += 2;
 			conf(child);

scripts/kconfig/lkc.h

···
 	return (struct symbol *)sym->curr.val;
 }
 
-static inline bool sym_set_choice_value(struct symbol *ch, struct symbol *chval)
-{
-	return sym_set_tristate_value(chval, yes);
-}
-
 static inline bool sym_is_choice(struct symbol *sym)
 {
 	return sym->flags & SYMBOL_CHOICE ? true : false;

scripts/link-vmlinux.sh

···
 #
 # link vmlinux
 #
-# vmlinux is linked from the objects selected by $(KBUILD_VMLINUX_OBJS) and
-# $(KBUILD_VMLINUX_LIBS). Most are built-in.a files from top-level directories
-# in the kernel tree, others are specified in arch/$(ARCH)/Makefile.
+# vmlinux is linked from the objects in vmlinux.a and $(KBUILD_VMLINUX_LIBS).
+# vmlinux.a contains objects that are linked unconditionally.
 # $(KBUILD_VMLINUX_LIBS) are archives which are linked conditionally
 # (not within --whole-archive), and do not require symbol indexes added.
 #
 # vmlinux
 #   ^
 #   |
-#   +--< $(KBUILD_VMLINUX_OBJS)
-#   |    +--< init/built-in.a drivers/built-in.a mm/built-in.a + more
+#   +--< vmlinux.a
 #   |
 #   +--< $(KBUILD_VMLINUX_LIBS)
 #   |    +--< lib/lib.a + more
···
 		objs=vmlinux.o
 		libs=
 	else
-		objs="${KBUILD_VMLINUX_OBJS}"
+		objs=vmlinux.a
 		libs="${KBUILD_VMLINUX_LIBS}"
 	fi
 
 	if is_enabled CONFIG_MODULES; then
 		objs="${objs} .vmlinux.export.o"
 	fi
+
+	objs="${objs} init/version-timestamp.o"
 
 	if [ "${SRCARCH}" = "um" ]; then
 		wl=-Wl,
···
 	fi
 
 	info KSYMS ${2}
-	${NM} -n ${1} | scripts/kallsyms ${kallsymopt} > ${2}
+	scripts/kallsyms ${kallsymopt} ${1} > ${2}
 }
 
 # Perform one step in kallsyms generation, including temporary linking of
···
 	kallsyms_S=${kallsyms_vmlinux}.S
 
 	vmlinux_link ${kallsyms_vmlinux} "${kallsymso_prev}" ${btf_vmlinux_bin_o}
-	kallsyms ${kallsyms_vmlinux} ${kallsyms_S}
+	mksysmap ${kallsyms_vmlinux} ${kallsyms_vmlinux}.syms
+	kallsyms ${kallsyms_vmlinux}.syms ${kallsyms_S}
 
 	info AS ${kallsyms_S}
 	${CC} ${NOSTDINC_FLAGS} ${LINUXINCLUDE} ${KBUILD_CPPFLAGS} \
···
 # See mksymap for additional details
 mksysmap()
 {
+	info NM ${2}
 	${CONFIG_SHELL} "${srctree}/scripts/mksysmap" ${1} ${2}
 }
 
···
 	rm -f System.map
 	rm -f vmlinux
 	rm -f vmlinux.map
-	rm -f .vmlinux.objs
-	rm -f .vmlinux.export.c
 }
 
 # Use "make V=1" to debug this script
···
 	exit 0
 fi
 
-# Update version
-info GEN .version
-if [ -r .version ]; then
-	VERSION=$(expr 0$(cat .version) + 1)
-	echo $VERSION > .version
-else
-	rm -f .version
-	echo 1 > .version
-fi;
-
-# final build of init/
-${MAKE} -f "${srctree}/scripts/Makefile.build" obj=init need-builtin=1
-
-#link vmlinux.o
-${MAKE} -f "${srctree}/scripts/Makefile.vmlinux_o"
-
-# Generate the list of in-tree objects in vmlinux
-#
-# This is used to retrieve symbol versions generated by genksyms.
-for f in ${KBUILD_VMLINUX_OBJS} ${KBUILD_VMLINUX_LIBS}; do
-	case ${f} in
-	*libgcc.a)
-		# Some architectures do '$(CC) --print-libgcc-file-name' to
-		# borrow libgcc.a from the toolchain.
-		# There is no EXPORT_SYMBOL in external objects. Ignore this.
-		;;
-	*.a)
-		${AR} t ${f} ;;
-	*)
-		echo ${f} ;;
-	esac
-done > .vmlinux.objs
-
-# modpost vmlinux.o to check for section mismatches
-${MAKE} -f "${srctree}/scripts/Makefile.modpost" MODPOST_VMLINUX=1
-
-info MODINFO modules.builtin.modinfo
-${OBJCOPY} -j .modinfo -O binary vmlinux.o modules.builtin.modinfo
-info GEN modules.builtin
-# The second line aids cases where multiple modules share the same object.
-tr '\0' '\n' < modules.builtin.modinfo | sed -n 's/^[[:alnum:]:_]*\.file=//p' |
-	tr ' ' '\n' | uniq | sed -e 's:^:kernel/:' -e 's/$/.ko/' > modules.builtin
-
-if is_enabled CONFIG_MODULES; then
-	${MAKE} -f "${srctree}/scripts/Makefile.vmlinux" .vmlinux.export.o
-fi
+${MAKE} -f "${srctree}/scripts/Makefile.build" obj=init init/version-timestamp.o
 
 btf_vmlinux_bin_o=""
 if is_enabled CONFIG_DEBUG_INFO_BTF; then
···
 	${RESOLVE_BTFIDS} vmlinux
 fi
 
-info SYSMAP System.map
 mksysmap vmlinux System.map
 
 if is_enabled CONFIG_BUILDTIME_TABLE_SORT; then
···
 
 # step a (see comment above)
 if is_enabled CONFIG_KALLSYMS; then
-	mksysmap ${kallsyms_vmlinux} .tmp_System.map
-
-	if ! cmp -s System.map .tmp_System.map; then
+	if ! cmp -s System.map ${kallsyms_vmlinux}.syms; then
 		echo >&2 Inconsistent kallsyms data
 		echo >&2 Try "make KALLSYMS_EXTRA_PASS=1" as a workaround
 		exit 1

scripts/mkcompile_h

···
 #!/bin/sh
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 
-TARGET=$1
-ARCH=$2
-SMP=$3
-PREEMPT=$4
-PREEMPT_DYNAMIC=$5
-PREEMPT_RT=$6
-CC_VERSION="$7"
-LD=$8
+UTS_MACHINE=$1
+CC_VERSION="$2"
+LD=$3
 
-# Do not expand names
-set -f
-
-# Fix the language to get consistent output
-LC_ALL=C
-export LC_ALL
-
-if [ -z "$KBUILD_BUILD_VERSION" ]; then
-	VERSION=$(cat .version 2>/dev/null || echo 1)
-else
-	VERSION=$KBUILD_BUILD_VERSION
-fi
-
-if [ -z "$KBUILD_BUILD_TIMESTAMP" ]; then
-	TIMESTAMP=`date`
-else
-	TIMESTAMP=$KBUILD_BUILD_TIMESTAMP
-fi
 if test -z "$KBUILD_BUILD_USER"; then
 	LINUX_COMPILE_BY=$(whoami | sed 's/\\/\\\\/')
 else
···
 	LINUX_COMPILE_HOST=$KBUILD_BUILD_HOST
 fi
 
-UTS_VERSION="#$VERSION"
-CONFIG_FLAGS=""
-if [ -n "$SMP" ] ; then CONFIG_FLAGS="SMP"; fi
+LD_VERSION=$(LC_ALL=C $LD -v | head -n1 |
+		sed -e 's/(compatible with [^)]*)//' -e 's/[[:space:]]*$//')
 
-if [ -n "$PREEMPT_RT" ] ; then
-	CONFIG_FLAGS="$CONFIG_FLAGS PREEMPT_RT"
-elif [ -n "$PREEMPT_DYNAMIC" ] ; then
-	CONFIG_FLAGS="$CONFIG_FLAGS PREEMPT_DYNAMIC"
-elif [ -n "$PREEMPT" ] ; then
-	CONFIG_FLAGS="$CONFIG_FLAGS PREEMPT"
-fi
-
-# Truncate to maximum length
-UTS_LEN=64
-UTS_VERSION="$(echo $UTS_VERSION $CONFIG_FLAGS $TIMESTAMP | cut -b -$UTS_LEN)"
-
-# Generate a temporary compile.h
-
-{ echo /\* This file is auto generated, version $VERSION \*/
-  if [ -n "$CONFIG_FLAGS" ] ; then echo "/* $CONFIG_FLAGS */"; fi
-
-  echo \#define UTS_MACHINE \"$ARCH\"
-
-  echo \#define UTS_VERSION \"$UTS_VERSION\"
-
-  printf '#define LINUX_COMPILE_BY "%s"\n' "$LINUX_COMPILE_BY"
-  echo \#define LINUX_COMPILE_HOST \"$LINUX_COMPILE_HOST\"
-
-  LD_VERSION=$($LD -v | head -n1 | sed 's/(compatible with [^)]*)//' \
-		      | sed 's/[[:space:]]*$//')
-  printf '#define LINUX_COMPILER "%s"\n' "$CC_VERSION, $LD_VERSION"
-} > .tmpcompile
-
-# Only replace the real compile.h if the new one is different,
-# in order to preserve the timestamp and avoid unnecessary
-# recompilations.
-# We don't consider the file changed if only the date/time changed,
-# unless KBUILD_BUILD_TIMESTAMP was explicitly set (e.g. for
-# reproducible builds with that value referring to a commit timestamp).
-# A kernel config change will increase the generation number, thus
-# causing compile.h to be updated (including date/time) due to the
-# changed comment in the
-# first line.
-
-if [ -z "$KBUILD_BUILD_TIMESTAMP" ]; then
-   IGNORE_PATTERN="UTS_VERSION"
-else
-   IGNORE_PATTERN="NOT_A_PATTERN_TO_BE_MATCHED"
-fi
-
-if [ -r $TARGET ] && \
-      grep -v $IGNORE_PATTERN $TARGET > .tmpver.1 && \
-      grep -v $IGNORE_PATTERN .tmpcompile > .tmpver.2 && \
-      cmp -s .tmpver.1 .tmpver.2; then
-   rm -f .tmpcompile
-else
-   echo "  UPD     $TARGET"
-   mv -f .tmpcompile $TARGET
-fi
-rm -f .tmpver.1 .tmpver.2
+cat <<EOF
+#define UTS_MACHINE		"${UTS_MACHINE}"
+#define LINUX_COMPILE_BY	"${LINUX_COMPILE_BY}"
+#define LINUX_COMPILE_HOST	"${LINUX_COMPILE_HOST}"
+#define LINUX_COMPILER		"${CC_VERSION}, ${LD_VERSION}"
+EOF

scripts/mksysmap

···
 
 # readprofile starts reading symbols when _stext is found, and
 # continue until it finds a symbol which is not either of 'T', 't',
-# 'W' or 'w'. __crc_ are 'A' and placed in the middle
-# so we just ignore them to let readprofile continue to work.
-# (At least sparc64 has __crc_ in the middle).
+# 'W' or 'w'.
+#
+# Ignored prefixes:
+#  $                    - local symbols for ARM, MIPS, etc.
+#  .L                   - local labels, .LBB,.Ltmpxxx,.L__unnamed_xx,.LASANPC, etc.
+#  __crc_               - modversions
+#  __kstrtab_           - EXPORT_SYMBOL (symbol name)
+#  __kstrtabns_         - EXPORT_SYMBOL (namespace)
+#
+# Ignored symbols:
+#  L0                   - for LoongArch?
 
-$NM -n $1 | grep -v '\( [aNUw] \)\|\(__crc_\)\|\( \$[adt]\)\|\( \.L\)\|\( L0\)' > $2
+$NM -n $1 | grep -v		\
+	-e ' [aNUw] '		\
+	-e ' \$'		\
+	-e ' \.L'		\
+	-e ' __crc_'		\
+	-e ' __kstrtab_'	\
+	-e ' __kstrtabns_'	\
+	-e ' L0$'		\
+> $2

scripts/package/mkspec

···
 	mkdir -p %{buildroot}/boot
 	%ifarch ia64
 	mkdir -p %{buildroot}/boot/efi
-	cp \$($MAKE image_name) %{buildroot}/boot/efi/vmlinuz-$KERNELRELEASE
+	cp \$($MAKE -s image_name) %{buildroot}/boot/efi/vmlinuz-$KERNELRELEASE
 	ln -s efi/vmlinuz-$KERNELRELEASE %{buildroot}/boot/
 	%else
-	cp \$($MAKE image_name) %{buildroot}/boot/vmlinuz-$KERNELRELEASE
+	cp \$($MAKE -s image_name) %{buildroot}/boot/vmlinuz-$KERNELRELEASE
 	%endif
 $M	$MAKE %{?_smp_mflags} INSTALL_MOD_PATH=%{buildroot} modules_install
 	$MAKE %{?_smp_mflags} INSTALL_HDR_PATH=%{buildroot}/usr headers_install