WorkStruct: Pass the work_struct pointer instead of context data

Pass the work_struct pointer to the work function rather than context data.
The work function can use container_of() to work out the data.

For the cases where the container of the work_struct may go away the moment the
pending bit is cleared, it is made possible to defer the release of the
structure by deferring the clearing of the pending bit.

To make this work, an extra flag is introduced into the management side of the
work_struct. This governs auto-release of the structure upon execution.

Ordinarily, the work queue executor would release the work_struct for further
scheduling or deallocation by clearing the pending bit prior to jumping to the
work function. This means that, unless the driver makes some guarantee itself
that the work_struct won't go away, the work function may not access anything
else in the work_struct or its container lest they be deallocated.. This is a
problem if the auxiliary data is taken away (as done by the last patch).

However, if the pending bit is *not* cleared before jumping to the work
function, then the work function *may* access the work_struct and its container
with no problems. But then the work function must itself release the
work_struct by calling work_release().

In most cases, automatic release is fine, so this is the default. Special
initiators exist for the non-auto-release case (ending in _NAR).


Signed-Off-By: David Howells <[e-mail]>

arch/x86_64/kernel/mce.c

···
  */
 
 static int check_interval = 5 * 60; /* 5 minutes */
-static void mcheck_timer(void *data);
-static DECLARE_DELAYED_WORK(mcheck_work, mcheck_timer, NULL);
+static void mcheck_timer(struct work_struct *work);
+static DECLARE_DELAYED_WORK(mcheck_work, mcheck_timer);
 
 static void mcheck_check_cpu(void *info)
 {
···
 		do_machine_check(NULL, 0);
 }
 
-static void mcheck_timer(void *data)
+static void mcheck_timer(struct work_struct *work)
 {
 	on_each_cpu(mcheck_check_cpu, NULL, 1, 1);
 	schedule_delayed_work(&mcheck_work, check_interval * HZ);

arch/x86_64/kernel/smpboot.c

···
 }
 
 struct create_idle {
+	struct work_struct work;
 	struct task_struct *idle;
 	struct completion done;
 	int cpu;
 };
 
-void do_fork_idle(void *_c_idle)
+void do_fork_idle(struct work_struct *work)
 {
-	struct create_idle *c_idle = _c_idle;
+	struct create_idle *c_idle =
+		container_of(work, struct create_idle, work);
 
 	c_idle->idle = fork_idle(c_idle->cpu);
 	complete(&c_idle->done);
···
 	int timeout;
 	unsigned long start_rip;
 	struct create_idle c_idle = {
+		.work = __WORK_INITIALIZER(c_idle.work, do_fork_idle),
 		.cpu = cpu,
 		.done = COMPLETION_INITIALIZER_ONSTACK(c_idle.done),
 	};
-	DECLARE_WORK(work, do_fork_idle, &c_idle);
 
 	/* allocate memory for gdts of secondary cpus. Hotplug is considered */
 	if (!cpu_gdt_descr[cpu].address &&
···
 	 * thread.
 	 */
 	if (!keventd_up() || current_is_keventd())
-		work.func(work.data);
+		c_idle.work.func(&c_idle.work);
 	else {
-		schedule_work(&work);
+		schedule_work(&c_idle.work);
 		wait_for_completion(&c_idle.done);
 	}
 

arch/x86_64/kernel/time.c

···
 static unsigned int cpufreq_init = 0;
 static struct work_struct cpufreq_delayed_get_work;
 
-static void handle_cpufreq_delayed_get(void *v)
+static void handle_cpufreq_delayed_get(struct work_struct *v)
 {
 	unsigned int cpu;
 	for_each_online_cpu(cpu) {
···
 
 static int __init cpufreq_tsc(void)
 {
-	INIT_WORK(&cpufreq_delayed_get_work, handle_cpufreq_delayed_get, NULL);
+	INIT_WORK(&cpufreq_delayed_get_work, handle_cpufreq_delayed_get);
 	if (!cpufreq_register_notifier(&time_cpufreq_notifier_block,
 				       CPUFREQ_TRANSITION_NOTIFIER))
 		cpufreq_init = 1;

block/as-iosched.c

···
  *
  * FIXME! dispatch queue is not a queue at all!
  */
-static void as_work_handler(void *data)
+static void as_work_handler(struct work_struct *work)
 {
-	struct request_queue *q = data;
+	struct as_data *ad = container_of(work, struct as_data, antic_work);
+	struct request_queue *q = ad->q;
 	unsigned long flags;
 
 	spin_lock_irqsave(q->queue_lock, flags);
···
 	ad->antic_timer.function = as_antic_timeout;
 	ad->antic_timer.data = (unsigned long)q;
 	init_timer(&ad->antic_timer);
-	INIT_WORK(&ad->antic_work, as_work_handler, q);
+	INIT_WORK(&ad->antic_work, as_work_handler);
 
 	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&ad->fifo_list[REQ_SYNC]);
 	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&ad->fifo_list[REQ_ASYNC]);

block/cfq-iosched.c

···
 	return 1;
 }
 
-static void cfq_kick_queue(void *data)
+static void cfq_kick_queue(struct work_struct *work)
 {
-	request_queue_t *q = data;
+	struct cfq_data *cfqd =
+		container_of(work, struct cfq_data, unplug_work);
+	request_queue_t *q = cfqd->queue;
 	unsigned long flags;
 
 	spin_lock_irqsave(q->queue_lock, flags);
···
 	cfqd->idle_class_timer.function = cfq_idle_class_timer;
 	cfqd->idle_class_timer.data = (unsigned long) cfqd;
 
-	INIT_WORK(&cfqd->unplug_work, cfq_kick_queue, q);
+	INIT_WORK(&cfqd->unplug_work, cfq_kick_queue);
 
 	cfqd->cfq_quantum = cfq_quantum;
 	cfqd->cfq_fifo_expire[0] = cfq_fifo_expire[0];

block/ll_rw_blk.c

···
  */
 #include <scsi/scsi_cmnd.h>
 
-static void blk_unplug_work(void *data);
+static void blk_unplug_work(struct work_struct *work);
 static void blk_unplug_timeout(unsigned long data);
 static void drive_stat_acct(struct request *rq, int nr_sectors, int new_io);
 static void init_request_from_bio(struct request *req, struct bio *bio);
···
 	if (q->unplug_delay == 0)
 		q->unplug_delay = 1;
 
-	INIT_WORK(&q->unplug_work, blk_unplug_work, q);
+	INIT_WORK(&q->unplug_work, blk_unplug_work);
 
 	q->unplug_timer.function = blk_unplug_timeout;
 	q->unplug_timer.data = (unsigned long)q;
···
 	}
 }
 
-static void blk_unplug_work(void *data)
+static void blk_unplug_work(struct work_struct *work)
 {
-	request_queue_t *q = data;
+	request_queue_t *q = container_of(work, request_queue_t, unplug_work);
 
 	blk_add_trace_pdu_int(q, BLK_TA_UNPLUG_IO, NULL,
 				q->rq.count[READ] + q->rq.count[WRITE]);

crypto/cryptomgr.c

···
 	char template[CRYPTO_MAX_ALG_NAME];
 };
 
-static void cryptomgr_probe(void *data)
+static void cryptomgr_probe(struct work_struct *work)
 {
-	struct cryptomgr_param *param = data;
+	struct cryptomgr_param *param =
+		container_of(work, struct cryptomgr_param, work);
 	struct crypto_template *tmpl;
 	struct crypto_instance *inst;
 	int err;
···
 	param->larval.type = larval->alg.cra_flags;
 	param->larval.mask = larval->mask;
 
-	INIT_WORK(&param->work, cryptomgr_probe, param);
+	INIT_WORK(&param->work, cryptomgr_probe);
 	schedule_work(&param->work);
 
 	return NOTIFY_STOP;

drivers/acpi/osl.c

···
 struct acpi_os_dpc {
 	acpi_osd_exec_callback function;
 	void *context;
+	struct work_struct work;
 };
 
 #ifdef CONFIG_ACPI_CUSTOM_DSDT
···
 	acpi_os_derive_pci_id_2(rhandle, chandle, id, &is_bridge, &bus_number);
 }
 
-static void acpi_os_execute_deferred(void *context)
+static void acpi_os_execute_deferred(struct work_struct *work)
 {
-	struct acpi_os_dpc *dpc = NULL;
-
-
-	dpc = (struct acpi_os_dpc *)context;
+	struct acpi_os_dpc *dpc = container_of(work, struct acpi_os_dpc, work);
 	if (!dpc) {
 		printk(KERN_ERR PREFIX "Invalid (NULL) context\n");
 		return;
···
 {
 	acpi_status status = AE_OK;
 	struct acpi_os_dpc *dpc;
-	struct work_struct *task;
 
 	ACPI_FUNCTION_TRACE("os_queue_for_execution");
 
···
 
 	/*
 	 * Allocate/initialize DPC structure.  Note that this memory will be
-	 * freed by the callee.  The kernel handles the tq_struct list  in a
+	 * freed by the callee.  The kernel handles the work_struct list  in a
 	 * way that allows us to also free its memory inside the callee.
 	 * Because we may want to schedule several tasks with different
 	 * parameters we can't use the approach some kernel code uses of
-	 * having a static tq_struct.
-	 * We can save time and code by allocating the DPC and tq_structs
-	 * from the same memory.
+	 * having a static work_struct.
 	 */
 
-	dpc =
-	    kmalloc(sizeof(struct acpi_os_dpc) + sizeof(struct work_struct),
-		    GFP_ATOMIC);
+	dpc = kmalloc(sizeof(struct acpi_os_dpc), GFP_ATOMIC);
 	if (!dpc)
 		return_ACPI_STATUS(AE_NO_MEMORY);
 
 	dpc->function = function;
 	dpc->context = context;
 
-	task = (void *)(dpc + 1);
-	INIT_WORK(task, acpi_os_execute_deferred, (void *)dpc);
-
-	if (!queue_work(kacpid_wq, task)) {
+	INIT_WORK(&dpc->work, acpi_os_execute_deferred);
+	if (!queue_work(kacpid_wq, &dpc->work)) {
 		ACPI_DEBUG_PRINT((ACPI_DB_ERROR,
 				  "Call to queue_work() failed.\n"));
 		kfree(dpc);

drivers/ata/libata-core.c

···
  *	ata_port_queue_task - Queue port_task
  *	@ap: The ata_port to queue port_task for
  *	@fn: workqueue function to be scheduled
- *	@data: data value to pass to workqueue function
+ *	@data: data for @fn to use
  *	@delay: delay time for workqueue function
  *
  *	Schedule @fn(@data) for execution after @delay jiffies using
···
  *	LOCKING:
  *	Inherited from caller.
  */
-void ata_port_queue_task(struct ata_port *ap, void (*fn)(void *), void *data,
+void ata_port_queue_task(struct ata_port *ap, work_func_t fn, void *data,
 			 unsigned long delay)
 {
 	int rc;
···
 	if (ap->pflags & ATA_PFLAG_FLUSH_PORT_TASK)
 		return;
 
-	PREPARE_DELAYED_WORK(&ap->port_task, fn, data);
+	PREPARE_DELAYED_WORK(&ap->port_task, fn);
+	ap->port_task_data = data;
 
 	rc = queue_delayed_work(ata_wq, &ap->port_task, delay);
 
···
 	return poll_next;
 }
 
-static void ata_pio_task(void *_data)
+static void ata_pio_task(struct work_struct *work)
 {
-	struct ata_queued_cmd *qc = _data;
-	struct ata_port *ap = qc->ap;
+	struct ata_port *ap =
+		container_of(work, struct ata_port, port_task.work);
+	struct ata_queued_cmd *qc = ap->port_task_data;
 	u8 status;
 	int poll_next;
 
···
 	ap->msg_enable = ATA_MSG_DRV | ATA_MSG_ERR | ATA_MSG_WARN;
 #endif
 
-	INIT_DELAYED_WORK(&ap->port_task, NULL, NULL);
-	INIT_DELAYED_WORK(&ap->hotplug_task, ata_scsi_hotplug, ap);
-	INIT_WORK(&ap->scsi_rescan_task, ata_scsi_dev_rescan, ap);
+	INIT_DELAYED_WORK(&ap->port_task, NULL);
+	INIT_DELAYED_WORK(&ap->hotplug_task, ata_scsi_hotplug);
+	INIT_WORK(&ap->scsi_rescan_task, ata_scsi_dev_rescan);
 	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&ap->eh_done_q);
 	init_waitqueue_head(&ap->eh_wait_q);
 

drivers/ata/libata-scsi.c

···
 
 /**
  *	ata_scsi_hotplug - SCSI part of hotplug
- *	@data: Pointer to ATA port to perform SCSI hotplug on
+ *	@work: Pointer to ATA port to perform SCSI hotplug on
  *
  *	Perform SCSI part of hotplug.  It's executed from a separate
  *	workqueue after EH completes.  This is necessary because SCSI
···
  *	LOCKING:
  *	Kernel thread context (may sleep).
  */
-void ata_scsi_hotplug(void *data)
+void ata_scsi_hotplug(struct work_struct *work)
 {
-	struct ata_port *ap = data;
+	struct ata_port *ap =
+		container_of(work, struct ata_port, hotplug_task.work);
 	int i;
 
 	if (ap->pflags & ATA_PFLAG_UNLOADING) {
···
 
 /**
  *	ata_scsi_dev_rescan - initiate scsi_rescan_device()
- *	@data: Pointer to ATA port to perform scsi_rescan_device()
+ *	@work: Pointer to ATA port to perform scsi_rescan_device()
  *
  *	After ATA pass thru (SAT) commands are executed successfully,
  *	libata need to propagate the changes to SCSI layer.  This
···
  *	LOCKING:
  *	Kernel thread context (may sleep).
  */
-void ata_scsi_dev_rescan(void *data)
+void ata_scsi_dev_rescan(struct work_struct *work)
 {
-	struct ata_port *ap = data;
+	struct ata_port *ap =
+		container_of(work, struct ata_port, scsi_rescan_task);
 	struct ata_device *dev;
 	unsigned int i;
 

drivers/ata/libata.h

···
 
 extern void ata_scsi_scan_host(struct ata_port *ap);
 extern int ata_scsi_offline_dev(struct ata_device *dev);
-extern void ata_scsi_hotplug(void *data);
+extern void ata_scsi_hotplug(struct work_struct *work);
 extern unsigned int ata_scsiop_inq_std(struct ata_scsi_args *args, u8 *rbuf,
 			       unsigned int buflen);
 
···
                         unsigned int (*actor) (struct ata_scsi_args *args,
                                            u8 *rbuf, unsigned int buflen));
 extern void ata_schedule_scsi_eh(struct Scsi_Host *shost);
-extern void ata_scsi_dev_rescan(void *data);
+extern void ata_scsi_dev_rescan(struct work_struct *work);
 extern int ata_bus_probe(struct ata_port *ap);
 
 /* libata-eh.c */

drivers/block/floppy.c

···
 {
 }
 
-static DECLARE_WORK(floppy_work, NULL, NULL);
+static DECLARE_WORK(floppy_work, NULL);
 
 static void schedule_bh(void (*handler) (void))
 {
-	PREPARE_WORK(&floppy_work, (work_func_t)handler, NULL);
+	PREPARE_WORK(&floppy_work, (work_func_t)handler);
 	schedule_work(&floppy_work);
 }
 
···
 
 	spin_lock_irqsave(&floppy_lock, flags);
 	do_floppy = NULL;
-	PREPARE_WORK(&floppy_work, (work_func_t)empty, NULL);
+	PREPARE_WORK(&floppy_work, (work_func_t)empty);
 	del_timer(&fd_timer);
 	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&floppy_lock, flags);
 }

drivers/char/random.c

···
 
 static unsigned int ip_cnt;
 
-static void rekey_seq_generator(void *private_);
+static void rekey_seq_generator(struct work_struct *work);
 
-static DECLARE_DELAYED_WORK(rekey_work, rekey_seq_generator, NULL);
+static DECLARE_DELAYED_WORK(rekey_work, rekey_seq_generator);
 
 /*
  * Lock avoidance:
···
  * happen, and even if that happens only a not perfectly compliant
  * ISN is generated, nothing fatal.
  */
-static void rekey_seq_generator(void *private_)
+static void rekey_seq_generator(struct work_struct *work)
 {
 	struct keydata *keyptr = &ip_keydata[1 ^ (ip_cnt & 1)];
 

drivers/char/sysrq.c

···
 	.enable_mask	= SYSRQ_ENABLE_SIGNAL,
 };
 
-static void moom_callback(void *ignored)
+static void moom_callback(struct work_struct *ignored)
 {
 	out_of_memory(&NODE_DATA(0)->node_zonelists[ZONE_NORMAL],
 			GFP_KERNEL, 0);
 }
 
-static DECLARE_WORK(moom_work, moom_callback, NULL);
+static DECLARE_WORK(moom_work, moom_callback);
 
 static void sysrq_handle_moom(int key, struct tty_struct *tty)
 {

drivers/char/tty_io.c

···
 	
 /**
  *	do_tty_hangup		-	actual handler for hangup events
- *	@data: tty device
+ *	@work: tty device
  *
  *	This can be called by the "eventd" kernel thread.  That is process
  *	synchronous but doesn't hold any locks, so we need to make sure we
···
  *		tasklist_lock to walk task list for hangup event
  *
  */
-static void do_tty_hangup(void *data)
+static void do_tty_hangup(struct work_struct *work)
 {
-	struct tty_struct *tty = (struct tty_struct *) data;
+	struct tty_struct *tty =
+		container_of(work, struct tty_struct, hangup_work);
 	struct file * cons_filp = NULL;
 	struct file *filp, *f = NULL;
 	struct task_struct *p;
···
 
 	printk(KERN_DEBUG "%s vhangup...\n", tty_name(tty, buf));
 #endif
-	do_tty_hangup((void *) tty);
+	do_tty_hangup(&tty->hangup_work);
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL(tty_vhangup);
 
···
  * Nasty bug: do_SAK is being called in interrupt context.  This can
  * deadlock.  We punt it up to process context.  AKPM - 16Mar2001
  */
-static void __do_SAK(void *arg)
+static void __do_SAK(struct work_struct *work)
 {
+	struct tty_struct *tty =
+		container_of(work, struct tty_struct, SAK_work);
 #ifdef TTY_SOFT_SAK
 	tty_hangup(tty);
 #else
-	struct tty_struct *tty = arg;
 	struct task_struct *g, *p;
 	int session;
 	int		i;
···
 {
 	if (!tty)
 		return;
-	PREPARE_WORK(&tty->SAK_work, __do_SAK, tty);
+	PREPARE_WORK(&tty->SAK_work, __do_SAK);
 	schedule_work(&tty->SAK_work);
 }
 
···
 
 /**
  *	flush_to_ldisc
- *	@private_: tty structure passed from work queue.
+ *	@work: tty structure passed from work queue.
  *
  *	This routine is called out of the software interrupt to flush data
  *	from the buffer chain to the line discipline.
···
  *	receive_buf method is single threaded for each tty instance.
  */
  
-static void flush_to_ldisc(void *private_)
+static void flush_to_ldisc(struct work_struct *work)
 {
-	struct tty_struct *tty = (struct tty_struct *) private_;
+	struct tty_struct *tty =
+		container_of(work, struct tty_struct, buf.work.work);
 	unsigned long 	flags;
 	struct tty_ldisc *disc;
 	struct tty_buffer *tbuf, *head;
···
 	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&tty->buf.lock, flags);
 
 	if (tty->low_latency)
-		flush_to_ldisc((void *) tty);
+		flush_to_ldisc(&tty->buf.work.work);
 	else
 		schedule_delayed_work(&tty->buf.work, 1);
 }
···
 	tty->overrun_time = jiffies;
 	tty->buf.head = tty->buf.tail = NULL;
 	tty_buffer_init(tty);
-	INIT_DELAYED_WORK(&tty->buf.work, flush_to_ldisc, tty);
+	INIT_DELAYED_WORK(&tty->buf.work, flush_to_ldisc);
 	init_MUTEX(&tty->buf.pty_sem);
 	mutex_init(&tty->termios_mutex);
 	init_waitqueue_head(&tty->write_wait);
 	init_waitqueue_head(&tty->read_wait);
-	INIT_WORK(&tty->hangup_work, do_tty_hangup, tty);
+	INIT_WORK(&tty->hangup_work, do_tty_hangup);
 	mutex_init(&tty->atomic_read_lock);
 	mutex_init(&tty->atomic_write_lock);
 	spin_lock_init(&tty->read_lock);
 	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&tty->tty_files);
-	INIT_WORK(&tty->SAK_work, NULL, NULL);
+	INIT_WORK(&tty->SAK_work, NULL);
 }
 
 /*

drivers/char/vt.c

···
 static void set_vesa_blanking(char __user *p);
 static void set_cursor(struct vc_data *vc);
 static void hide_cursor(struct vc_data *vc);
-static void console_callback(void *ignored);
+static void console_callback(struct work_struct *ignored);
 static void blank_screen_t(unsigned long dummy);
 static void set_palette(struct vc_data *vc);
 
···
 static int blankinterval = 10*60*HZ;
 static int vesa_off_interval;
 
-static DECLARE_WORK(console_work, console_callback, NULL);
+static DECLARE_WORK(console_work, console_callback);
 
 /*
  * fg_console is the current virtual console,
···
  * with other console code and prevention of re-entrancy is
  * ensured with console_sem.
  */
-static void console_callback(void *ignored)
+static void console_callback(struct work_struct *ignored)
 {
 	acquire_console_sem();
 

drivers/cpufreq/cpufreq.c

···
 
 /* internal prototypes */
 static int __cpufreq_governor(struct cpufreq_policy *policy, unsigned int event);
-static void handle_update(void *data);
+static void handle_update(struct work_struct *work);
 
 /**
  * Two notifier lists: the "policy" list is involved in the
···
 	mutex_init(&policy->lock);
 	mutex_lock(&policy->lock);
 	init_completion(&policy->kobj_unregister);
-	INIT_WORK(&policy->update, handle_update, (void *)(long)cpu);
+	INIT_WORK(&policy->update, handle_update);
 
 	/* call driver. From then on the cpufreq must be able
 	 * to accept all calls to ->verify and ->setpolicy for this CPU
···
 }
 
 
-static void handle_update(void *data)
+static void handle_update(struct work_struct *work)
 {
-	unsigned int cpu = (unsigned int)(long)data;
+	struct cpufreq_policy *policy =
+		container_of(work, struct cpufreq_policy, update);
+	unsigned int cpu = policy->cpu;
 	dprintk("handle_update for cpu %u called\n", cpu);
 	cpufreq_update_policy(cpu);
 }

drivers/input/keyboard/atkbd.c

···
  * interrupt context.
  */
 
-static void atkbd_event_work(void *data)
+static void atkbd_event_work(struct work_struct *work)
 {
-	struct atkbd *atkbd = data;
+	struct atkbd *atkbd = container_of(work, struct atkbd, event_work);
 
 	mutex_lock(&atkbd->event_mutex);
 
···
 
 	atkbd->dev = dev;
 	ps2_init(&atkbd->ps2dev, serio);
-	INIT_WORK(&atkbd->event_work, atkbd_event_work, atkbd);
+	INIT_WORK(&atkbd->event_work, atkbd_event_work);
 	mutex_init(&atkbd->event_mutex);
 
 	switch (serio->id.type) {

drivers/input/serio/libps2.c

···
  * ps2_schedule_command(), to a PS/2 device (keyboard, mouse, etc.)
  */
 
-static void ps2_execute_scheduled_command(void *data)
+static void ps2_execute_scheduled_command(struct work_struct *work)
 {
-	struct ps2work *ps2work = data;
+	struct ps2work *ps2work = container_of(work, struct ps2work, work);
 
 	ps2_command(ps2work->ps2dev, ps2work->param, ps2work->command);
 	kfree(ps2work);
···
 	ps2work->ps2dev = ps2dev;
 	ps2work->command = command;
 	memcpy(ps2work->param, param, send);
-	INIT_WORK(&ps2work->work, ps2_execute_scheduled_command, ps2work);
+	INIT_WORK(&ps2work->work, ps2_execute_scheduled_command);
 
 	if (!schedule_work(&ps2work->work)) {
 		kfree(ps2work);

drivers/net/e1000/e1000_main.c

···
 static void e1000_enter_82542_rst(struct e1000_adapter *adapter);
 static void e1000_leave_82542_rst(struct e1000_adapter *adapter);
 static void e1000_tx_timeout(struct net_device *dev);
-static void e1000_reset_task(struct net_device *dev);
+static void e1000_reset_task(struct work_struct *work);
 static void e1000_smartspeed(struct e1000_adapter *adapter);
 static int e1000_82547_fifo_workaround(struct e1000_adapter *adapter,
                                        struct sk_buff *skb);
···
 	adapter->phy_info_timer.function = &e1000_update_phy_info;
 	adapter->phy_info_timer.data = (unsigned long) adapter;
 
-	INIT_WORK(&adapter->reset_task,
-		(void (*)(void *))e1000_reset_task, netdev);
+	INIT_WORK(&adapter->reset_task, e1000_reset_task);
 
 	e1000_check_options(adapter);
 
···
 }
 
 static void
-e1000_reset_task(struct net_device *netdev)
+e1000_reset_task(struct work_struct *work)
 {
-	struct e1000_adapter *adapter = netdev_priv(netdev);
+	struct e1000_adapter *adapter =
+		container_of(work, struct e1000_adapter, reset_task);
 
 	e1000_reinit_locked(adapter);
 }

drivers/pci/pcie/aer/aerdrv.c

···
 	rpc->e_lock = SPIN_LOCK_UNLOCKED;
 
 	rpc->rpd = dev;
-	INIT_WORK(&rpc->dpc_handler, aer_isr, (void *)dev);
+	INIT_WORK(&rpc->dpc_handler, aer_isr);
 	rpc->prod_idx = rpc->cons_idx = 0;
 	mutex_init(&rpc->rpc_mutex);
 	init_waitqueue_head(&rpc->wait_release);

drivers/pci/pcie/aer/aerdrv.h

···
 extern void aer_enable_rootport(struct aer_rpc *rpc);
 extern void aer_delete_rootport(struct aer_rpc *rpc);
 extern int aer_init(struct pcie_device *dev);
-extern void aer_isr(void *context);
+extern void aer_isr(struct work_struct *work);
 extern void aer_print_error(struct pci_dev *dev, struct aer_err_info *info);
 extern int aer_osc_setup(struct pci_dev *dev);
 

drivers/pci/pcie/aer/aerdrv_core.c

···
 
 /**
  * aer_isr - consume errors detected by root port
- * @context: pointer to a private data of pcie device
+ * @work: definition of this work item
  *
  * Invoked, as DPC, when root port records new detected error
  **/
-void aer_isr(void *context)
+void aer_isr(struct work_struct *work)
 {
-	struct pcie_device *p_device = (struct pcie_device *) context;
-	struct aer_rpc *rpc = get_service_data(p_device);
+	struct aer_rpc *rpc = container_of(work, struct aer_rpc, dpc_handler);
+	struct pcie_device *p_device = rpc->rpd;
 	struct aer_err_source *e_src;
 
 	mutex_lock(&rpc->rpc_mutex);

drivers/scsi/scsi_scan.c

···
 	goto retry;
 }
 
-static void scsi_target_reap_usercontext(void *data)
+static void scsi_target_reap_usercontext(struct work_struct *work)
 {
-	struct scsi_target *starget = data;
+	struct scsi_target *starget =
+		container_of(work, struct scsi_target, ew.work);
 	struct Scsi_Host *shost = dev_to_shost(starget->dev.parent);
 	unsigned long flags;
 
···
 		starget->state = STARGET_DEL;
 		spin_unlock_irqrestore(shost->host_lock, flags);
 		execute_in_process_context(scsi_target_reap_usercontext,
-					   starget, &starget->ew);
+					   &starget->ew);
 		return;
 
 	}

drivers/scsi/scsi_sysfs.c

···
 	put_device(&sdev->sdev_gendev);
 }
 
-static void scsi_device_dev_release_usercontext(void *data)
+static void scsi_device_dev_release_usercontext(struct work_struct *work)
 {
-	struct device *dev = data;
 	struct scsi_device *sdev;
 	struct device *parent;
 	struct scsi_target *starget;
 	unsigned long flags;
 
-	parent = dev->parent;
-	sdev = to_scsi_device(dev);
+	sdev = container_of(work, struct scsi_device, ew.work);
+
+	parent = sdev->sdev_gendev.parent;
 	starget = to_scsi_target(parent);
 
 	spin_lock_irqsave(sdev->host->host_lock, flags);
···
 static void scsi_device_dev_release(struct device *dev)
 {
 	struct scsi_device *sdp = to_scsi_device(dev);
-	execute_in_process_context(scsi_device_dev_release_usercontext, dev,
+	execute_in_process_context(scsi_device_dev_release_usercontext,
 				   &sdp->ew);
 }
 

fs/aio.c

···
 static struct workqueue_struct *aio_wq;
 
 /* Used for rare fput completion. */
-static void aio_fput_routine(void *);
-static DECLARE_WORK(fput_work, aio_fput_routine, NULL);
+static void aio_fput_routine(struct work_struct *);
+static DECLARE_WORK(fput_work, aio_fput_routine);
 
 static DEFINE_SPINLOCK(fput_lock);
 static LIST_HEAD(fput_head);
 
-static void aio_kick_handler(void *);
+static void aio_kick_handler(struct work_struct *);
 static void aio_queue_work(struct kioctx *);
 
 /* aio_setup
···
 
 	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&ctx->active_reqs);
 	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&ctx->run_list);
-	INIT_DELAYED_WORK(&ctx->wq, aio_kick_handler, ctx);
+	INIT_DELAYED_WORK(&ctx->wq, aio_kick_handler);
 
 	if (aio_setup_ring(ctx) < 0)
 		goto out_freectx;
···
 		wake_up(&ctx->wait);
 }
 
-static void aio_fput_routine(void *data)
+static void aio_fput_routine(struct work_struct *data)
 {
 	spin_lock_irq(&fput_lock);
 	while (likely(!list_empty(&fput_head))) {
···
  *      space.
  * Run on aiod's context.
  */
-static void aio_kick_handler(void *data)
+static void aio_kick_handler(struct work_struct *work)
 {
-	struct kioctx *ctx = data;
+	struct kioctx *ctx = container_of(work, struct kioctx, wq.work);
 	mm_segment_t oldfs = get_fs();
 	int requeue;
 

fs/bio.c

···
  * run one bio_put() against the BIO.
  */
 
-static void bio_dirty_fn(void *data);
+static void bio_dirty_fn(struct work_struct *work);
 
-static DECLARE_WORK(bio_dirty_work, bio_dirty_fn, NULL);
+static DECLARE_WORK(bio_dirty_work, bio_dirty_fn);
 static DEFINE_SPINLOCK(bio_dirty_lock);
 static struct bio *bio_dirty_list;
 
 /*
  * This runs in process context
  */
-static void bio_dirty_fn(void *data)
+static void bio_dirty_fn(struct work_struct *work)
 {
 	unsigned long flags;
 	struct bio *bio;

fs/file.c

···
 	spin_unlock(&fddef->lock);
 }
 
-static void free_fdtable_work(struct fdtable_defer *f)
+static void free_fdtable_work(struct work_struct *work)
 {
+	struct fdtable_defer *f =
+		container_of(work, struct fdtable_defer, wq);
 	struct fdtable *fdt;
 
 	spin_lock_bh(&f->lock);
···
 {
 	struct fdtable_defer *fddef = &per_cpu(fdtable_defer_list, cpu);
 	spin_lock_init(&fddef->lock);
-	INIT_WORK(&fddef->wq, (void (*)(void *))free_fdtable_work, fddef);
+	INIT_WORK(&fddef->wq, free_fdtable_work);
 	init_timer(&fddef->timer);
 	fddef->timer.data = (unsigned long)fddef;
 	fddef->timer.function = fdtable_timer;

fs/nfs/client.c

···
 	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&clp->cl_state_owners);
 	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&clp->cl_unused);
 	spin_lock_init(&clp->cl_lock);
-	INIT_DELAYED_WORK(&clp->cl_renewd, nfs4_renew_state, clp);
+	INIT_DELAYED_WORK(&clp->cl_renewd, nfs4_renew_state);
 	rpc_init_wait_queue(&clp->cl_rpcwaitq, "NFS client");
 	clp->cl_boot_time = CURRENT_TIME;
 	clp->cl_state = 1 << NFS4CLNT_LEASE_EXPIRED;

fs/nfs/namespace.c

···
 
 #define NFSDBG_FACILITY		NFSDBG_VFS
 
-static void nfs_expire_automounts(void *list);
+static void nfs_expire_automounts(struct work_struct *work);
 
 LIST_HEAD(nfs_automount_list);
-static DECLARE_DELAYED_WORK(nfs_automount_task, nfs_expire_automounts,
-			    &nfs_automount_list);
+static DECLARE_DELAYED_WORK(nfs_automount_task, nfs_expire_automounts);
 int nfs_mountpoint_expiry_timeout = 500 * HZ;
 
 static struct vfsmount *nfs_do_submount(const struct vfsmount *mnt_parent,
···
 	.follow_link	= nfs_follow_mountpoint,
 };
 
-static void nfs_expire_automounts(void *data)
+static void nfs_expire_automounts(struct work_struct *work)
 {
-	struct list_head *list = (struct list_head *)data;
+	struct list_head *list = &nfs_automount_list;
 
 	mark_mounts_for_expiry(list);
 	if (!list_empty(list))

fs/nfs/nfs4_fs.h

···
 extern void nfs4_schedule_state_renewal(struct nfs_client *);
 extern void nfs4_renewd_prepare_shutdown(struct nfs_server *);
 extern void nfs4_kill_renewd(struct nfs_client *);
-extern void nfs4_renew_state(void *);
+extern void nfs4_renew_state(struct work_struct *);
 
 /* nfs4state.c */
 struct rpc_cred *nfs4_get_renew_cred(struct nfs_client *clp);

fs/nfs/nfs4renewd.c

···
 #define NFSDBG_FACILITY	NFSDBG_PROC
 
 void
-nfs4_renew_state(void *data)
+nfs4_renew_state(struct work_struct *work)
 {
-	struct nfs_client *clp = (struct nfs_client *)data;
+	struct nfs_client *clp =
+		container_of(work, struct nfs_client, cl_renewd.work);
 	struct rpc_cred *cred;
 	long lease, timeout;
 	unsigned long last, now;

include/linux/libata.h

···
 	struct ata_host		*host;
 	struct device 		*dev;
 
+	void			*port_task_data;
 	struct delayed_work	port_task;
 	struct delayed_work	hotplug_task;
 	struct work_struct	scsi_rescan_task;
···
 extern unsigned int ata_busy_sleep(struct ata_port *ap,
 				   unsigned long timeout_pat,
 				   unsigned long timeout);
-extern void ata_port_queue_task(struct ata_port *ap, void (*fn)(void *),
+extern void ata_port_queue_task(struct ata_port *ap, work_func_t fn,
 				void *data, unsigned long delay);
 extern u32 ata_wait_register(void __iomem *reg, u32 mask, u32 val,
 			     unsigned long interval_msec,

include/linux/workqueue.h

···
 
 struct workqueue_struct;
 
-typedef void (*work_func_t)(void *data);
+struct work_struct;
+typedef void (*work_func_t)(struct work_struct *work);
 
 struct work_struct {
-	/* the first word is the work queue pointer and the pending flag
-	 * rolled into one */
+	/* the first word is the work queue pointer and the flags rolled into
+	 * one */
 	unsigned long management;
 #define WORK_STRUCT_PENDING 0		/* T if work item pending execution */
+#define WORK_STRUCT_NOAUTOREL 1		/* F if work item automatically released on exec */
 #define WORK_STRUCT_FLAG_MASK (3UL)
 #define WORK_STRUCT_WQ_DATA_MASK (~WORK_STRUCT_FLAG_MASK)
 	struct list_head entry;
 	work_func_t func;
-	void *data;
 };
 
 struct delayed_work {
···
 	struct work_struct work;
 };
 
-#define __WORK_INITIALIZER(n, f, d) {				\
+#define __WORK_INITIALIZER(n, f) {				\
+	.management = 0,					\
         .entry	= { &(n).entry, &(n).entry },			\
 	.func = (f),						\
-	.data = (d),						\
 	}
 
-#define __DELAYED_WORK_INITIALIZER(n, f, d) {			\
-	.work = __WORK_INITIALIZER((n).work, (f), (d)),		\
+#define __WORK_INITIALIZER_NAR(n, f) {				\
+	.management = (1 << WORK_STRUCT_NOAUTOREL),		\
+        .entry	= { &(n).entry, &(n).entry },			\
+	.func = (f),						\
+	}
+
+#define __DELAYED_WORK_INITIALIZER(n, f) {			\
+	.work = __WORK_INITIALIZER((n).work, (f)),		\
 	.timer = TIMER_INITIALIZER(NULL, 0, 0),			\
 	}
 
-#define DECLARE_WORK(n, f, d)					\
-	struct work_struct n = __WORK_INITIALIZER(n, f, d)
+#define __DELAYED_WORK_INITIALIZER_NAR(n, f) {			\
+	.work = __WORK_INITIALIZER_NAR((n).work, (f)),		\
+	.timer = TIMER_INITIALIZER(NULL, 0, 0),			\
+	}
 
-#define DECLARE_DELAYED_WORK(n, f, d)				\
-	struct delayed_work n = __DELAYED_WORK_INITIALIZER(n, f, d)
+#define DECLARE_WORK(n, f)					\
+	struct work_struct n = __WORK_INITIALIZER(n, f)
+
+#define DECLARE_WORK_NAR(n, f)					\
+	struct work_struct n = __WORK_INITIALIZER_NAR(n, f)
+
+#define DECLARE_DELAYED_WORK(n, f)				\
+	struct delayed_work n = __DELAYED_WORK_INITIALIZER(n, f)
+
+#define DECLARE_DELAYED_WORK_NAR(n, f)			\
+	struct dwork_struct n = __DELAYED_WORK_INITIALIZER_NAR(n, f)
 
 /*
- * initialize a work item's function and data pointers
+ * initialize a work item's function pointer
  */
-#define PREPARE_WORK(_work, _func, _data)			\
+#define PREPARE_WORK(_work, _func)				\
 	do {							\
 		(_work)->func = (_func);			\
-		(_work)->data = (_data);			\
 	} while (0)
 
-#define PREPARE_DELAYED_WORK(_work, _func, _data)		\
-	PREPARE_WORK(&(_work)->work, (_func), (_data))
+#define PREPARE_DELAYED_WORK(_work, _func)			\
+	PREPARE_WORK(&(_work)->work, (_func))
 
 /*
  * initialize all of a work item in one go
  */
-#define INIT_WORK(_work, _func, _data)				\
+#define INIT_WORK(_work, _func)					\
 	do {							\
-		INIT_LIST_HEAD(&(_work)->entry);		\
 		(_work)->management = 0;			\
-		PREPARE_WORK((_work), (_func), (_data));	\
+		INIT_LIST_HEAD(&(_work)->entry);		\
+		PREPARE_WORK((_work), (_func));			\
 	} while (0)
 
-#define INIT_DELAYED_WORK(_work, _func, _data)		\
+#define INIT_WORK_NAR(_work, _func)					\
+	do {								\
+		(_work)->management = (1 << WORK_STRUCT_NOAUTOREL);	\
+		INIT_LIST_HEAD(&(_work)->entry);			\
+		PREPARE_WORK((_work), (_func));				\
+	} while (0)
+
+#define INIT_DELAYED_WORK(_work, _func)				\
 	do {							\
-		INIT_WORK(&(_work)->work, (_func), (_data));	\
+		INIT_WORK(&(_work)->work, (_func));		\
+		init_timer(&(_work)->timer);			\
+	} while (0)
+
+#define INIT_DELAYED_WORK_NAR(_work, _func)			\
+	do {							\
+		INIT_WORK_NAR(&(_work)->work, (_func));		\
 		init_timer(&(_work)->timer);			\
 	} while (0)
 
···
  */
 #define delayed_work_pending(work) \
 	test_bit(WORK_STRUCT_PENDING, &(work)->work.management)
+
+/**
+ * work_release - Release a work item under execution
+ * @work: The work item to release
+ *
+ * This is used to release a work item that has been initialised with automatic
+ * release mode disabled (WORK_STRUCT_NOAUTOREL is set).  This gives the work
+ * function the opportunity to grab auxiliary data from the container of the
+ * work_struct before clearing the pending bit as the work_struct may be
+ * subject to deallocation the moment the pending bit is cleared.
+ *
+ * In such a case, this should be called in the work function after it has
+ * fetched any data it may require from the containter of the work_struct.
+ * After this function has been called, the work_struct may be scheduled for
+ * further execution or it may be deallocated unless other precautions are
+ * taken.
+ *
+ * This should also be used to release a delayed work item.
+ */
+#define work_release(work) \
+	clear_bit(WORK_STRUCT_PENDING, &(work)->management)
 
 
 extern struct workqueue_struct *__create_workqueue(const char *name,
···
 extern int FASTCALL(schedule_delayed_work(struct delayed_work *work, unsigned long delay));
 
 extern int schedule_delayed_work_on(int cpu, struct delayed_work *work, unsigned long delay);
-extern int schedule_on_each_cpu(work_func_t func, void *info);
+extern int schedule_on_each_cpu(work_func_t func);
 extern void flush_scheduled_work(void);
 extern int current_is_keventd(void);
 extern int keventd_up(void);
···
 void cancel_rearming_delayed_work(struct delayed_work *work);
 void cancel_rearming_delayed_workqueue(struct workqueue_struct *,
 				       struct delayed_work *);
-int execute_in_process_context(work_func_t fn, void *, struct execute_work *);
+int execute_in_process_context(work_func_t fn, struct execute_work *);
 
 /*
  * Kill off a pending schedule_delayed_work().  Note that the work callback

include/net/inet_timewait_sock.h

···
 };
 
 extern void inet_twdr_hangman(unsigned long data);
-extern void inet_twdr_twkill_work(void *data);
+extern void inet_twdr_twkill_work(struct work_struct *work);
 extern void inet_twdr_twcal_tick(unsigned long data);
 
 #if (BITS_PER_LONG == 64)

ipc/util.c

···
 	container_of(ptr, struct ipc_rcu_hdr, data)->refcount++;
 }
 
+static void ipc_do_vfree(struct work_struct *work)
+{
+	vfree(container_of(work, struct ipc_rcu_sched, work));
+}
+
 /**
  * ipc_schedule_free - free ipc + rcu space
  * @head: RCU callback structure for queued work
···
 	struct ipc_rcu_sched *sched =
 			container_of(&(grace->data[0]), struct ipc_rcu_sched, data[0]);
 
-	INIT_WORK(&sched->work, vfree, sched);
+	INIT_WORK(&sched->work, ipc_do_vfree);
 	schedule_work(&sched->work);
 }
 

kernel/kmod.c

···
 #endif /* CONFIG_KMOD */
 
 struct subprocess_info {
+	struct work_struct work;
 	struct completion *complete;
 	char *path;
 	char **argv;
···
 }
 
 /* This is run by khelper thread  */
-static void __call_usermodehelper(void *data)
+static void __call_usermodehelper(struct work_struct *work)
 {
-	struct subprocess_info *sub_info = data;
+	struct subprocess_info *sub_info =
+		container_of(work, struct subprocess_info, work);
 	pid_t pid;
 	int wait = sub_info->wait;
 
···
 {
 	DECLARE_COMPLETION_ONSTACK(done);
 	struct subprocess_info sub_info = {
+		.work		= __WORK_INITIALIZER(sub_info.work,
+						     __call_usermodehelper),
 		.complete	= &done,
 		.path		= path,
 		.argv		= argv,
···
 		.wait		= wait,
 		.retval		= 0,
 	};
-	DECLARE_WORK(work, __call_usermodehelper, &sub_info);
 
 	if (!khelper_wq)
 		return -EBUSY;
···
 	if (path[0] == '\0')
 		return 0;
 
-	queue_work(khelper_wq, &work);
+	queue_work(khelper_wq, &sub_info.work);
 	wait_for_completion(&done);
 	return sub_info.retval;
 }
···
 {
 	DECLARE_COMPLETION(done);
 	struct subprocess_info sub_info = {
+		.work		= __WORK_INITIALIZER(sub_info.work,
+						     __call_usermodehelper),
 		.complete	= &done,
 		.path		= path,
 		.argv		= argv,
···
 		.retval		= 0,
 	};
 	struct file *f;
-	DECLARE_WORK(work, __call_usermodehelper, &sub_info);
 
 	if (!khelper_wq)
 		return -EBUSY;
···
 	}
 	sub_info.stdin = f;
 
-	queue_work(khelper_wq, &work);
+	queue_work(khelper_wq, &sub_info.work);
 	wait_for_completion(&done);
 	return sub_info.retval;
 }

kernel/kthread.c

···
 	/* Result passed back to kthread_create() from keventd. */
 	struct task_struct *result;
 	struct completion done;
+
+	struct work_struct work;
 };
 
 struct kthread_stop_info
···
 }
 
 /* We are keventd: create a thread. */
-static void keventd_create_kthread(void *_create)
+static void keventd_create_kthread(struct work_struct *work)
 {
-	struct kthread_create_info *create = _create;
+	struct kthread_create_info *create =
+		container_of(work, struct kthread_create_info, work);
 	int pid;
 
 	/* We want our own signal handler (we take no signals by default). */
···
 				   ...)
 {
 	struct kthread_create_info create;
-	DECLARE_WORK(work, keventd_create_kthread, &create);
 
 	create.threadfn = threadfn;
 	create.data = data;
 	init_completion(&create.started);
 	init_completion(&create.done);
+	INIT_WORK(&create.work, keventd_create_kthread);
 
 	/*
 	 * The workqueue needs to start up first:
 	 */
 	if (!helper_wq)
-		work.func(work.data);
+		create.work.func(&create.work);
 	else {
-		queue_work(helper_wq, &work);
+		queue_work(helper_wq, &create.work);
 		wait_for_completion(&create.done);
 	}
 	if (!IS_ERR(create.result)) {

kernel/power/poweroff.c

···
  * callback we use.
  */
 
-static void do_poweroff(void *dummy)
+static void do_poweroff(struct work_struct *dummy)
 {
 	kernel_power_off();
 }
 
-static DECLARE_WORK(poweroff_work, do_poweroff, NULL);
+static DECLARE_WORK(poweroff_work, do_poweroff);
 
 static void handle_poweroff(int key, struct tty_struct *tty)
 {

kernel/sys.c

···
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static void deferred_cad(void *dummy)
+static void deferred_cad(struct work_struct *dummy)
 {
 	kernel_restart(NULL);
 }
···
  */
 void ctrl_alt_del(void)
 {
-	static DECLARE_WORK(cad_work, deferred_cad, NULL);
+	static DECLARE_WORK(cad_work, deferred_cad);
 
 	if (C_A_D)
 		schedule_work(&cad_work);

kernel/workqueue.c

···
 		struct work_struct *work = list_entry(cwq->worklist.next,
 						struct work_struct, entry);
 		work_func_t f = work->func;
-		void *data = work->data;
 
 		list_del_init(cwq->worklist.next);
 		spin_unlock_irqrestore(&cwq->lock, flags);
 
 		BUG_ON(get_wq_data(work) != cwq);
-		clear_bit(WORK_STRUCT_PENDING, &work->management);
-		f(data);
+		if (!test_bit(WORK_STRUCT_NOAUTOREL, &work->management))
+			work_release(work);
+		f(work);
 
 		spin_lock_irqsave(&cwq->lock, flags);
 		cwq->remove_sequence++;
···
 /**
  * schedule_on_each_cpu - call a function on each online CPU from keventd
  * @func: the function to call
- * @info: a pointer to pass to func()
  *
  * Returns zero on success.
  * Returns -ve errno on failure.
···
  *
  * schedule_on_each_cpu() is very slow.
  */
-int schedule_on_each_cpu(work_func_t func, void *info)
+int schedule_on_each_cpu(work_func_t func)
 {
 	int cpu;
 	struct work_struct *works;
···
 
 	mutex_lock(&workqueue_mutex);
 	for_each_online_cpu(cpu) {
-		INIT_WORK(per_cpu_ptr(works, cpu), func, info);
+		INIT_WORK(per_cpu_ptr(works, cpu), func);
 		__queue_work(per_cpu_ptr(keventd_wq->cpu_wq, cpu),
 				per_cpu_ptr(works, cpu));
 	}
···
 /**
  * execute_in_process_context - reliably execute the routine with user context
  * @fn:		the function to execute
- * @data:	data to pass to the function
  * @ew:		guaranteed storage for the execute work structure (must
  *		be available when the work executes)
  *
···
  * Returns:	0 - function was executed
  *		1 - function was scheduled for execution
  */
-int execute_in_process_context(work_func_t fn, void *data,
-			       struct execute_work *ew)
+int execute_in_process_context(work_func_t fn, struct execute_work *ew)
 {
 	if (!in_interrupt()) {
-		fn(data);
+		fn(&ew->work);
 		return 0;
 	}
 
-	INIT_WORK(&ew->work, fn, data);
+	INIT_WORK(&ew->work, fn);
 	schedule_work(&ew->work);
 
 	return 1;

mm/slab.c

···
 static void free_block(struct kmem_cache *cachep, void **objpp, int len,
 			int node);
 static int enable_cpucache(struct kmem_cache *cachep);
-static void cache_reap(void *unused);
+static void cache_reap(struct work_struct *unused);
 
 /*
  * This function must be completely optimized away if a constant is passed to
···
 	 */
 	if (keventd_up() && reap_work->work.func == NULL) {
 		init_reap_node(cpu);
-		INIT_DELAYED_WORK(reap_work, cache_reap, NULL);
+		INIT_DELAYED_WORK(reap_work, cache_reap);
 		schedule_delayed_work_on(cpu, reap_work, HZ + 3 * cpu);
 	}
 }
···
  * If we cannot acquire the cache chain mutex then just give up - we'll try
  * again on the next iteration.
  */
-static void cache_reap(void *unused)
+static void cache_reap(struct work_struct *unused)
 {
 	struct kmem_cache *searchp;
 	struct kmem_list3 *l3;

net/core/link_watch.c

···
 static unsigned long linkwatch_flags;
 static unsigned long linkwatch_nextevent;
 
-static void linkwatch_event(void *dummy);
-static DECLARE_DELAYED_WORK(linkwatch_work, linkwatch_event, NULL);
+static void linkwatch_event(struct work_struct *dummy);
+static DECLARE_DELAYED_WORK(linkwatch_work, linkwatch_event);
 
 static LIST_HEAD(lweventlist);
 static DEFINE_SPINLOCK(lweventlist_lock);
···
 }       
 
 
-static void linkwatch_event(void *dummy)
+static void linkwatch_event(struct work_struct *dummy)
 {
 	/* Limit the number of linkwatch events to one
 	 * per second so that a runaway driver does not

net/ipv4/inet_timewait_sock.c

···
 
 extern void twkill_slots_invalid(void);
 
-void inet_twdr_twkill_work(void *data)
+void inet_twdr_twkill_work(struct work_struct *work)
 {
-	struct inet_timewait_death_row *twdr = data;
+	struct inet_timewait_death_row *twdr =
+		container_of(work, struct inet_timewait_death_row, twkill_work);
 	int i;
 
 	if ((INET_TWDR_TWKILL_SLOTS - 1) > (sizeof(twdr->thread_slots) * 8))

net/ipv4/tcp_minisocks.c

···
 	.tw_timer	= TIMER_INITIALIZER(inet_twdr_hangman, 0,
 					    (unsigned long)&tcp_death_row),
 	.twkill_work	= __WORK_INITIALIZER(tcp_death_row.twkill_work,
-					     inet_twdr_twkill_work,
-					     &tcp_death_row),
+					     inet_twdr_twkill_work),
 /* Short-time timewait calendar */
 
 	.twcal_hand	= -1,

net/sunrpc/cache.c

···
 static struct file_operations content_file_operations;
 static struct file_operations cache_flush_operations;
 
-static void do_cache_clean(void *data);
-static DECLARE_DELAYED_WORK(cache_cleaner, do_cache_clean, NULL);
+static void do_cache_clean(struct work_struct *work);
+static DECLARE_DELAYED_WORK(cache_cleaner, do_cache_clean);
 
 void cache_register(struct cache_detail *cd)
 {
···
 /*
  * We want to regularly clean the cache, so we need to schedule some work ...
  */
-static void do_cache_clean(void *data)
+static void do_cache_clean(struct work_struct *work)
 {
 	int delay = 5;
 	if (cache_clean() == -1)

net/sunrpc/rpc_pipe.c

···
 }
 
 static void
-rpc_timeout_upcall_queue(void *data)
+rpc_timeout_upcall_queue(struct work_struct *work)
 {
 	LIST_HEAD(free_list);
-	struct rpc_inode *rpci = (struct rpc_inode *)data;
+	struct rpc_inode *rpci =
+		container_of(work, struct rpc_inode, queue_timeout.work);
 	struct inode *inode = &rpci->vfs_inode;
 	void (*destroy_msg)(struct rpc_pipe_msg *);
 
···
 		rpci->pipelen = 0;
 		init_waitqueue_head(&rpci->waitq);
 		INIT_DELAYED_WORK(&rpci->queue_timeout,
-				    rpc_timeout_upcall_queue, rpci);
+				    rpc_timeout_upcall_queue);
 		rpci->ops = NULL;
 	}
 }

net/sunrpc/sched.c

···
 
 static void			__rpc_default_timer(struct rpc_task *task);
 static void			rpciod_killall(void);
-static void			rpc_async_schedule(void *);
+static void			rpc_async_schedule(struct work_struct *);
 
 /*
  * RPC tasks sit here while waiting for conditions to improve.
···
 	if (RPC_IS_ASYNC(task)) {
 		int status;
 
-		INIT_WORK(&task->u.tk_work, rpc_async_schedule, (void *)task);
+		INIT_WORK(&task->u.tk_work, rpc_async_schedule);
 		status = queue_work(task->tk_workqueue, &task->u.tk_work);
 		if (status < 0) {
 			printk(KERN_WARNING "RPC: failed to add task to queue: error: %d!\n", status);
···
 	return __rpc_execute(task);
 }
 
-static void rpc_async_schedule(void *arg)
+static void rpc_async_schedule(struct work_struct *work)
 {
-	__rpc_execute((struct rpc_task *)arg);
+	__rpc_execute(container_of(work, struct rpc_task, u.tk_work));
 }
 
 /**

net/sunrpc/xprt.c

···
 	return status;
 }
 
-static void xprt_autoclose(void *args)
+static void xprt_autoclose(struct work_struct *work)
 {
-	struct rpc_xprt *xprt = (struct rpc_xprt *)args;
+	struct rpc_xprt *xprt =
+		container_of(work, struct rpc_xprt, task_cleanup);
 
 	xprt_disconnect(xprt);
 	xprt->ops->close(xprt);
···
 
 	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&xprt->free);
 	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&xprt->recv);
-	INIT_WORK(&xprt->task_cleanup, xprt_autoclose, xprt);
+	INIT_WORK(&xprt->task_cleanup, xprt_autoclose);
 	init_timer(&xprt->timer);
 	xprt->timer.function = xprt_init_autodisconnect;
 	xprt->timer.data = (unsigned long) xprt;

net/sunrpc/xprtsock.c

···
 
 /**
  * xs_udp_connect_worker - set up a UDP socket
- * @args: RPC transport to connect
+ * @work: RPC transport to connect
  *
  * Invoked by a work queue tasklet.
  */
-static void xs_udp_connect_worker(void *args)
+static void xs_udp_connect_worker(struct work_struct *work)
 {
-	struct rpc_xprt *xprt = (struct rpc_xprt *) args;
+	struct rpc_xprt *xprt =
+		container_of(work, struct rpc_xprt, connect_worker.work);
 	struct socket *sock = xprt->sock;
 	int err, status = -EIO;
 
···
 
 /**
  * xs_tcp_connect_worker - connect a TCP socket to a remote endpoint
- * @args: RPC transport to connect
+ * @work: RPC transport to connect
  *
  * Invoked by a work queue tasklet.
  */
-static void xs_tcp_connect_worker(void *args)
+static void xs_tcp_connect_worker(struct work_struct *work)
 {
-	struct rpc_xprt *xprt = (struct rpc_xprt *)args;
+	struct rpc_xprt *xprt =
+		container_of(work, struct rpc_xprt, connect_worker.work);
 	struct socket *sock = xprt->sock;
 	int err, status = -EIO;
 
···
 	/* XXX: header size can vary due to auth type, IPv6, etc. */
 	xprt->max_payload = (1U << 16) - (MAX_HEADER << 3);
 
-	INIT_DELAYED_WORK(&xprt->connect_worker, xs_udp_connect_worker, xprt);
+	INIT_DELAYED_WORK(&xprt->connect_worker, xs_udp_connect_worker);
 	xprt->bind_timeout = XS_BIND_TO;
 	xprt->connect_timeout = XS_UDP_CONN_TO;
 	xprt->reestablish_timeout = XS_UDP_REEST_TO;
···
 	xprt->tsh_size = sizeof(rpc_fraghdr) / sizeof(u32);
 	xprt->max_payload = RPC_MAX_FRAGMENT_SIZE;
 
-	INIT_DELAYED_WORK(&xprt->connect_worker, xs_tcp_connect_worker, xprt);
+	INIT_DELAYED_WORK(&xprt->connect_worker, xs_tcp_connect_worker);
 	xprt->bind_timeout = XS_BIND_TO;
 	xprt->connect_timeout = XS_TCP_CONN_TO;
 	xprt->reestablish_timeout = XS_TCP_INIT_REEST_TO;

security/keys/key.c

···
 static LIST_HEAD(key_types_list);
 static DECLARE_RWSEM(key_types_sem);
 
-static void key_cleanup(void *data);
-static DECLARE_WORK(key_cleanup_task, key_cleanup, NULL);
+static void key_cleanup(struct work_struct *work);
+static DECLARE_WORK(key_cleanup_task, key_cleanup);
 
 /* we serialise key instantiation and link */
 DECLARE_RWSEM(key_construction_sem);
···
  * do cleaning up in process context so that we don't have to disable
  * interrupts all over the place
  */
-static void key_cleanup(void *data)
+static void key_cleanup(struct work_struct *work)
 {
 	struct rb_node *_n;
 	struct key *key;