objtool: Assume unannotated UD2 instructions are dead ends

Arnd reported some false positive warnings with GCC 7:

drivers/hid/wacom_wac.o: warning: objtool: wacom_bpt3_touch()+0x2a5: stack state mismatch: cfa1=7+8 cfa2=6+16
drivers/iio/adc/vf610_adc.o: warning: objtool: vf610_adc_calculate_rates() falls through to next function vf610_adc_sample_set()
drivers/pwm/pwm-hibvt.o: warning: objtool: hibvt_pwm_get_state() falls through to next function hibvt_pwm_remove()
drivers/pwm/pwm-mediatek.o: warning: objtool: mtk_pwm_config() falls through to next function mtk_pwm_enable()
drivers/spi/spi-bcm2835.o: warning: objtool: .text: unexpected end of section
drivers/spi/spi-bcm2835aux.o: warning: objtool: .text: unexpected end of section
drivers/watchdog/digicolor_wdt.o: warning: objtool: dc_wdt_get_timeleft() falls through to next function dc_wdt_restart()

When GCC 7 detects a potential divide-by-zero condition, it sometimes
inserts a UD2 instruction for the case where the divisor is zero,
instead of letting the hardware trap on the divide instruction.

Objtool doesn't consider UD2 to be fatal unless it's annotated with
unreachable(). So it considers the GCC-generated UD2 to be non-fatal,
and it tries to follow the control flow past the UD2 and gets
confused.

Previously, objtool *did* assume UD2 was always a dead end. That
changed with the following commit:

d1091c7fa3d5 ("objtool: Improve detection of BUG() and other dead ends")

The motivation behind that change was that Peter was planning on using
UD2 for __WARN(), which is *not* a dead end. However, it turns out
that some emulators rely on UD2 being fatal, so he ended up using
'ud0' instead:

9a93848fe787 ("x86/debug: Implement __WARN() using UD0")

For GCC 4.5+, it should be safe to go back to the previous assumption
that UD2 is fatal, even when it's not annotated with unreachable().

But for pre-4.5 versions of GCC, the unreachable() macro isn't
supported, so such cases of UD2 need to be explicitly annotated as
reachable.

Reported-by: Arnd Bergmann <[e-mail]>
Signed-off-by: Josh Poimboeuf <[e-mail]>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <[e-mail]>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <[e-mail]>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <[e-mail]>
Fixes: d1091c7fa3d5 ("objtool: Improve detection of BUG() and other dead ends")
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/[e-mail]
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <[e-mail]>

include/linux/compiler-gcc.h

···
 #define __always_unused		__attribute__((unused))
 #define __mode(x)               __attribute__((mode(x)))
 
-#ifdef CONFIG_STACK_VALIDATION
-#define annotate_unreachable() ({					\
-	asm("%c0:\n\t"							\
-	    ".pushsection .discard.unreachable\n\t"			\
-	    ".long %c0b - .\n\t"					\
-	    ".popsection\n\t" : : "i" (__LINE__));			\
-})
-#define ASM_UNREACHABLE							\
-	"999:\n\t"							\
-	".pushsection .discard.unreachable\n\t"				\
-	".long 999b - .\n\t"						\
-	".popsection\n\t"
-#else
-#define annotate_unreachable()
-#endif
-
 /* gcc version specific checks */
 
 #if GCC_VERSION < 30200

include/linux/compiler.h

···
 #endif
 
 /* Unreachable code */
+#ifdef CONFIG_STACK_VALIDATION
+#define annotate_reachable() ({						\
+	asm("%c0:\n\t"							\
+	    ".pushsection .discard.reachable\n\t"			\
+	    ".long %c0b - .\n\t"					\
+	    ".popsection\n\t" : : "i" (__LINE__));			\
+})
+#define annotate_unreachable() ({					\
+	asm("%c0:\n\t"							\
+	    ".pushsection .discard.unreachable\n\t"			\
+	    ".long %c0b - .\n\t"					\
+	    ".popsection\n\t" : : "i" (__LINE__));			\
+})
+#define ASM_UNREACHABLE							\
+	"999:\n\t"							\
+	".pushsection .discard.unreachable\n\t"				\
+	".long 999b - .\n\t"						\
+	".popsection\n\t"
+#else
+#define annotate_reachable()
+#define annotate_unreachable()
+#endif
+
 #ifndef ASM_UNREACHABLE
 # define ASM_UNREACHABLE
 #endif
 #ifndef unreachable
-# define unreachable() do { } while (1)
+# define unreachable() do { annotate_reachable(); do { } while (1); } while (0)
 #endif
 
 /*

tools/objtool/arch.h

···
 #define INSN_RETURN		6
 #define INSN_CONTEXT_SWITCH	7
 #define INSN_STACK		8
-#define INSN_NOP		9
-#define INSN_OTHER		10
+#define INSN_BUG		9
+#define INSN_NOP		10
+#define INSN_OTHER		11
 #define INSN_LAST		INSN_OTHER
 
 enum op_dest_type {

tools/objtool/arch/x86/decode.c

···
 
 	case 0x0f:
 
-		if (op2 >= 0x80 && op2 <= 0x8f)
+		if (op2 >= 0x80 && op2 <= 0x8f) {
+
 			*type = INSN_JUMP_CONDITIONAL;
-		else if (op2 == 0x05 || op2 == 0x07 || op2 == 0x34 ||
-			 op2 == 0x35)
+
+		} else if (op2 == 0x05 || op2 == 0x07 || op2 == 0x34 ||
+			   op2 == 0x35) {
 
 			/* sysenter, sysret */
 			*type = INSN_CONTEXT_SWITCH;
 
-		else if (op2 == 0x0d || op2 == 0x1f)
+		} else if (op2 == 0x0b || op2 == 0xb9) {
+
+			/* ud2 */
+			*type = INSN_BUG;
+
+		} else if (op2 == 0x0d || op2 == 0x1f) {
 
 			/* nopl/nopw */
 			*type = INSN_NOP;
 
-		else if (op2 == 0xa0 || op2 == 0xa8) {
+		} else if (op2 == 0xa0 || op2 == 0xa8) {
 
 			/* push fs/gs */
 			*type = INSN_STACK;

tools/objtool/check.c

···
 }
 
 /*
- * Find all uses of the unreachable() macro, which are code path dead ends.
+ * Mark "ud2" instructions and manually annotated dead ends.
  */
 static int add_dead_ends(struct objtool_file *file)
 {
···
 	struct instruction *insn;
 	bool found;
 
+	/*
+	 * By default, "ud2" is a dead end unless otherwise annotated, because
+	 * GCC 7 inserts it for certain divide-by-zero cases.
+	 */
+	for_each_insn(file, insn)
+		if (insn->type == INSN_BUG)
+			insn->dead_end = true;
+
+	/*
+	 * Check for manually annotated dead ends.
+	 */
 	sec = find_section_by_name(file->elf, ".rela.discard.unreachable");
 	if (!sec)
-		return 0;
+		goto reachable;
 
 	list_for_each_entry(rela, &sec->rela_list, list) {
 		if (rela->sym->type != STT_SECTION) {
···
 		}
 
 		insn->dead_end = true;
+	}
+
+reachable:
+	/*
+	 * These manually annotated reachable checks are needed for GCC 4.4,
+	 * where the Linux unreachable() macro isn't supported.  In that case
+	 * GCC doesn't know the "ud2" is fatal, so it generates code as if it's
+	 * not a dead end.
+	 */
+	sec = find_section_by_name(file->elf, ".rela.discard.reachable");
+	if (!sec)
+		return 0;
+
+	list_for_each_entry(rela, &sec->rela_list, list) {
+		if (rela->sym->type != STT_SECTION) {
+			WARN("unexpected relocation symbol type in %s", sec->name);
+			return -1;
+		}
+		insn = find_insn(file, rela->sym->sec, rela->addend);
+		if (insn)
+			insn = list_prev_entry(insn, list);
+		else if (rela->addend == rela->sym->sec->len) {
+			found = false;
+			list_for_each_entry_reverse(insn, &file->insn_list, list) {
+				if (insn->sec == rela->sym->sec) {
+					found = true;
+					break;
+				}
+			}
+
+			if (!found) {
+				WARN("can't find reachable insn at %s+0x%x",
+				     rela->sym->sec->name, rela->addend);
+				return -1;
+			}
+		} else {
+			WARN("can't find reachable insn at %s+0x%x",
+			     rela->sym->sec->name, rela->addend);
+			return -1;
+		}
+
+		insn->dead_end = false;
 	}
 
 	return 0;