debugobject: Prevent init race with static objects

Statically initialized objects are usually not initialized via the init()
function of the subsystem. They are special cased and the subsystem
provides a function to validate whether an object which is not yet tracked
by debugobjects is statically initialized. This means the object is started
to be tracked on first use, e.g. activation.

This works perfectly fine, unless there are two concurrent operations on
that object. Schspa decoded the problem:

T0 T1

debug_object_assert_init(addr)
lock_hash_bucket()
obj = lookup_object(addr);
if (!obj) {
unlock_hash_bucket();
- > preemption
lock_subsytem_object(addr);
activate_object(addr)
lock_hash_bucket();
obj = lookup_object(addr);
if (!obj) {
unlock_hash_bucket();
if (is_static_object(addr))
init_and_track(addr);
lock_hash_bucket();
obj = lookup_object(addr);
obj->state = ACTIVATED;
unlock_hash_bucket();

subsys function modifies content of addr,
so static object detection does
not longer work.

unlock_subsytem_object(addr);

if (is_static_object(addr)) <- Fails

debugobject emits a warning and invokes the fixup function which
reinitializes the already active object in the worst case.

This race exists forever, but was never observed until mod_timer() got a
debug_object_assert_init() added which is outside of the timer base lock
held section right at the beginning of the function to cover the lockless
early exit points too.

Rework the code so that the lookup, the static object check and the
tracking object association happens atomically under the hash bucket
lock. This prevents the issue completely as all callers are serialized on
the hash bucket lock and therefore cannot observe inconsistent state.

Fixes: 3ac7fe5a4aab ("infrastructure to debug (dynamic) objects")
Reported-by: [e-mail]
Debugged-by: Schspa Shi <[e-mail]>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <[e-mail]>
Reviewed-by: Stephen Boyd <[e-mail]>
Link: https://syzkaller.appspot.com/bug?id=22c8a5938eab640d1c6bcc0e3dc7be519d878462
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/[e-mail]
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/87zg7dzgao.ffs@tglx

lib/debugobjects.c

···
 	return obj;
 }
 
-/*
- * Allocate a new object. If the pool is empty, switch off the debugger.
- * Must be called with interrupts disabled.
- */
 static struct debug_obj *
 alloc_object(void *addr, struct debug_bucket *b, const struct debug_obj_descr *descr)
 {
···
 	WARN_ON(1);
 }
 
+static struct debug_obj *lookup_object_or_alloc(void *addr, struct debug_bucket *b,
+						const struct debug_obj_descr *descr,
+						bool onstack, bool alloc_ifstatic)
+{
+	struct debug_obj *obj = lookup_object(addr, b);
+	enum debug_obj_state state = ODEBUG_STATE_NONE;
+
+	if (likely(obj))
+		return obj;
+
+	/*
+	 * debug_object_init() unconditionally allocates untracked
+	 * objects. It does not matter whether it is a static object or
+	 * not.
+	 *
+	 * debug_object_assert_init() and debug_object_activate() allow
+	 * allocation only if the descriptor callback confirms that the
+	 * object is static and considered initialized. For non-static
+	 * objects the allocation needs to be done from the fixup callback.
+	 */
+	if (unlikely(alloc_ifstatic)) {
+		if (!descr->is_static_object || !descr->is_static_object(addr))
+			return ERR_PTR(-ENOENT);
+		/* Statically allocated objects are considered initialized */
+		state = ODEBUG_STATE_INIT;
+	}
+
+	obj = alloc_object(addr, b, descr);
+	if (likely(obj)) {
+		obj->state = state;
+		debug_object_is_on_stack(addr, onstack);
+		return obj;
+	}
+
+	/* Out of memory. Do the cleanup outside of the locked region */
+	debug_objects_enabled = 0;
+	return NULL;
+}
+
 static void
 __debug_object_init(void *addr, const struct debug_obj_descr *descr, int onstack)
 {
 	enum debug_obj_state state;
-	bool check_stack = false;
 	struct debug_bucket *db;
 	struct debug_obj *obj;
 	unsigned long flags;
···
 
 	raw_spin_lock_irqsave(&db->lock, flags);
 
-	obj = lookup_object(addr, db);
-	if (!obj) {
-		obj = alloc_object(addr, db, descr);
-		if (!obj) {
-			debug_objects_enabled = 0;
-			raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore(&db->lock, flags);
-			debug_objects_oom();
-			return;
-		}
-		check_stack = true;
+	obj = lookup_object_or_alloc(addr, db, descr, onstack, false);
+	if (unlikely(!obj)) {
+		raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore(&db->lock, flags);
+		debug_objects_oom();
+		return;
 	}
 
 	switch (obj->state) {
···
 	}
 
 	raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore(&db->lock, flags);
-	if (check_stack)
-		debug_object_is_on_stack(addr, onstack);
 }
 
 /**
···
  */
 int debug_object_activate(void *addr, const struct debug_obj_descr *descr)
 {
+	struct debug_obj o = { .object = addr, .state = ODEBUG_STATE_NOTAVAILABLE, .descr = descr };
 	enum debug_obj_state state;
 	struct debug_bucket *db;
 	struct debug_obj *obj;
 	unsigned long flags;
 	int ret;
-	struct debug_obj o = { .object = addr,
-			       .state = ODEBUG_STATE_NOTAVAILABLE,
-			       .descr = descr };
 
 	if (!debug_objects_enabled)
 		return 0;
···
 
 	raw_spin_lock_irqsave(&db->lock, flags);
 
-	obj = lookup_object(addr, db);
-	if (obj) {
+	obj = lookup_object_or_alloc(addr, db, descr, false, true);
+	if (likely(!IS_ERR_OR_NULL(obj))) {
 		bool print_object = false;
 
 		switch (obj->state) {
···
 
 	raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore(&db->lock, flags);
 
-	/*
-	 * We are here when a static object is activated. We
-	 * let the type specific code confirm whether this is
-	 * true or not. if true, we just make sure that the
-	 * static object is tracked in the object tracker. If
-	 * not, this must be a bug, so we try to fix it up.
-	 */
-	if (descr->is_static_object && descr->is_static_object(addr)) {
-		/* track this static object */
-		debug_object_init(addr, descr);
-		debug_object_activate(addr, descr);
-	} else {
-		debug_print_object(&o, "activate");
-		ret = debug_object_fixup(descr->fixup_activate, addr,
-					ODEBUG_STATE_NOTAVAILABLE);
-		return ret ? 0 : -EINVAL;
+	/* If NULL the allocation has hit OOM */
+	if (!obj) {
+		debug_objects_oom();
+		return 0;
 	}
-	return 0;
+
+	/* Object is neither static nor tracked. It's not initialized */
+	debug_print_object(&o, "activate");
+	ret = debug_object_fixup(descr->fixup_activate, addr, ODEBUG_STATE_NOTAVAILABLE);
+	return ret ? 0 : -EINVAL;
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(debug_object_activate);
 
···
  */
 void debug_object_assert_init(void *addr, const struct debug_obj_descr *descr)
 {
+	struct debug_obj o = { .object = addr, .state = ODEBUG_STATE_NOTAVAILABLE, .descr = descr };
 	struct debug_bucket *db;
 	struct debug_obj *obj;
 	unsigned long flags;
···
 	db = get_bucket((unsigned long) addr);
 
 	raw_spin_lock_irqsave(&db->lock, flags);
+	obj = lookup_object_or_alloc(addr, db, descr, false, true);
+	raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore(&db->lock, flags);
+	if (likely(!IS_ERR_OR_NULL(obj)))
+		return;
 
-	obj = lookup_object(addr, db);
+	/* If NULL the allocation has hit OOM */
 	if (!obj) {
-		struct debug_obj o = { .object = addr,
-				       .state = ODEBUG_STATE_NOTAVAILABLE,
-				       .descr = descr };
-
-		raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore(&db->lock, flags);
-		/*
-		 * Maybe the object is static, and we let the type specific
-		 * code confirm. Track this static object if true, else invoke
-		 * fixup.
-		 */
-		if (descr->is_static_object && descr->is_static_object(addr)) {
-			/* Track this static object */
-			debug_object_init(addr, descr);
-		} else {
-			debug_print_object(&o, "assert_init");
-			debug_object_fixup(descr->fixup_assert_init, addr,
-					   ODEBUG_STATE_NOTAVAILABLE);
-		}
+		debug_objects_oom();
 		return;
 	}
 
-	raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore(&db->lock, flags);
+	/* Object is neither tracked nor static. It's not initialized. */
+	debug_print_object(&o, "assert_init");
+	debug_object_fixup(descr->fixup_assert_init, addr, ODEBUG_STATE_NOTAVAILABLE);
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(debug_object_assert_init);