cxl/mem: Introduce a driver for CXL-2.0-Type-3 endpoints

The CXL.mem protocol allows a device to act as a provider of "System
RAM" and/or "Persistent Memory" that is fully coherent as if the memory
was attached to the typical CPU memory controller.

With the CXL-2.0 specification a PCI endpoint can implement a "Type-3"
device interface and give the operating system control over "Host
Managed Device Memory". See section 2.3 Type 3 CXL Device.

The memory range exported by the device may optionally be described by
the platform firmware memory map, or by infrastructure like LIBNVDIMM to
provision persistent memory capacity from one, or more, CXL.mem devices.

A pre-requisite for Linux-managed memory-capacity provisioning is this
cxl_mem driver that can speak the mailbox protocol defined in section
8.2.8.4 Mailbox Registers.

For now just land the initial driver boiler-plate and Documentation/
infrastructure.

Signed-off-by: Ben Widawsky <[e-mail]>
Reviewed-by: Jonathan Cameron <[e-mail]>
Acked-by: David Rientjes <[e-mail]> (v1)
Cc: Jonathan Corbet <[e-mail]>
Link: https://www.computeexpresslink.org/download-the-specification
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/[e-mail]
Signed-off-by: Dan Williams <[e-mail]>

Documentation/driver-api/cxl/index.rst

···
+.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+
+====================
+Compute Express Link
+====================
+
+.. toctree::
+   :maxdepth: 1
+
+   memory-devices
+
+.. only::  subproject and html

Documentation/driver-api/cxl/memory-devices.rst

···
+.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+.. include:: <isonum.txt>
+
+===================================
+Compute Express Link Memory Devices
+===================================
+
+A Compute Express Link Memory Device is a CXL component that implements the
+CXL.mem protocol. It contains some amount of volatile memory, persistent memory,
+or both. It is enumerated as a PCI device for configuration and passing
+messages over an MMIO mailbox. Its contribution to the System Physical
+Address space is handled via HDM (Host Managed Device Memory) decoders
+that optionally define a device's contribution to an interleaved address
+range across multiple devices underneath a host-bridge or interleaved
+across host-bridges.

Documentation/driver-api/index.rst

···
    usb/index
    firewire
    pci/index
+   cxl/index
    spi
    i2c
    ipmb

drivers/Kconfig

···
 source "drivers/amba/Kconfig"
 source "drivers/eisa/Kconfig"
 source "drivers/pci/Kconfig"
+source "drivers/cxl/Kconfig"
 source "drivers/pcmcia/Kconfig"
 source "drivers/rapidio/Kconfig"
 

drivers/Makefile

···
 obj-y				+= base/ block/ misc/ mfd/ nfc/
 obj-$(CONFIG_LIBNVDIMM)		+= nvdimm/
 obj-$(CONFIG_DAX)		+= dax/
+obj-$(CONFIG_CXL_BUS)		+= cxl/
 obj-$(CONFIG_DMA_SHARED_BUFFER) += dma-buf/
 obj-$(CONFIG_NUBUS)		+= nubus/
 obj-y				+= macintosh/

drivers/cxl/Kconfig

···
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
+menuconfig CXL_BUS
+	tristate "CXL (Compute Express Link) Devices Support"
+	depends on PCI
+	help
+	  CXL is a bus that is electrically compatible with PCI Express, but
+	  layers three protocols on that signalling (CXL.io, CXL.cache, and
+	  CXL.mem). The CXL.cache protocol allows devices to hold cachelines
+	  locally, the CXL.mem protocol allows devices to be fully coherent
+	  memory targets, the CXL.io protocol is equivalent to PCI Express.
+	  Say 'y' to enable support for the configuration and management of
+	  devices supporting these protocols.
+
+if CXL_BUS
+
+config CXL_MEM
+	tristate "CXL.mem: Memory Devices"
+	help
+	  The CXL.mem protocol allows a device to act as a provider of
+	  "System RAM" and/or "Persistent Memory" that is fully coherent
+	  as if the memory was attached to the typical CPU memory
+	  controller.
+
+	  Say 'y/m' to enable a driver (named "cxl_mem.ko" when built as
+	  a module) that will attach to CXL.mem devices for
+	  configuration, provisioning, and health monitoring. This
+	  driver is required for dynamic provisioning of CXL.mem
+	  attached memory which is a prerequisite for persistent memory
+	  support. Typically volatile memory is mapped by platform
+	  firmware and included in the platform memory map, but in some
+	  cases the OS is responsible for mapping that memory. See
+	  Chapter 2.3 Type 3 CXL Device in the CXL 2.0 specification.
+
+	  If unsure say 'm'.
+endif

drivers/cxl/Makefile

···
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+obj-$(CONFIG_CXL_MEM) += cxl_mem.o
+
+cxl_mem-y := mem.o

drivers/cxl/mem.c

···
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
+/* Copyright(c) 2020 Intel Corporation. All rights reserved. */
+#include <linux/module.h>
+#include <linux/pci.h>
+#include <linux/io.h>
+#include "pci.h"
+
+static int cxl_mem_dvsec(struct pci_dev *pdev, int dvsec)
+{
+	int pos;
+
+	pos = pci_find_ext_capability(pdev, PCI_EXT_CAP_ID_DVSEC);
+	if (!pos)
+		return 0;
+
+	while (pos) {
+		u16 vendor, id;
+
+		pci_read_config_word(pdev, pos + PCI_DVSEC_HEADER1, &vendor);
+		pci_read_config_word(pdev, pos + PCI_DVSEC_HEADER2, &id);
+		if (vendor == PCI_DVSEC_VENDOR_ID_CXL && dvsec == id)
+			return pos;
+
+		pos = pci_find_next_ext_capability(pdev, pos,
+						   PCI_EXT_CAP_ID_DVSEC);
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int cxl_mem_probe(struct pci_dev *pdev, const struct pci_device_id *id)
+{
+	struct device *dev = &pdev->dev;
+	int regloc;
+
+	regloc = cxl_mem_dvsec(pdev, PCI_DVSEC_ID_CXL_REGLOC_OFFSET);
+	if (!regloc) {
+		dev_err(dev, "register location dvsec not found\n");
+		return -ENXIO;
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static const struct pci_device_id cxl_mem_pci_tbl[] = {
+	/* PCI class code for CXL.mem Type-3 Devices */
+	{ PCI_DEVICE_CLASS((PCI_CLASS_MEMORY_CXL << 8 | CXL_MEMORY_PROGIF), ~0)},
+	{ /* terminate list */ },
+};
+MODULE_DEVICE_TABLE(pci, cxl_mem_pci_tbl);
+
+static struct pci_driver cxl_mem_driver = {
+	.name			= KBUILD_MODNAME,
+	.id_table		= cxl_mem_pci_tbl,
+	.probe			= cxl_mem_probe,
+	.driver	= {
+		.probe_type	= PROBE_PREFER_ASYNCHRONOUS,
+	},
+};
+
+MODULE_LICENSE("GPL v2");
+module_pci_driver(cxl_mem_driver);

drivers/cxl/pci.h

···
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only */
+/* Copyright(c) 2020 Intel Corporation. All rights reserved. */
+#ifndef __CXL_PCI_H__
+#define __CXL_PCI_H__
+
+#define CXL_MEMORY_PROGIF	0x10
+
+/*
+ * See section 8.1 Configuration Space Registers in the CXL 2.0
+ * Specification
+ */
+#define PCI_DVSEC_VENDOR_ID_CXL		0x1E98
+#define PCI_DVSEC_ID_CXL		0x0
+
+#define PCI_DVSEC_ID_CXL_REGLOC_OFFSET		0x8
+
+#endif /* __CXL_PCI_H__ */

include/linux/pci_ids.h

···
 #define PCI_BASE_CLASS_MEMORY		0x05
 #define PCI_CLASS_MEMORY_RAM		0x0500
 #define PCI_CLASS_MEMORY_FLASH		0x0501
+#define PCI_CLASS_MEMORY_CXL		0x0502
 #define PCI_CLASS_MEMORY_OTHER		0x0580
 
 #define PCI_BASE_CLASS_BRIDGE		0x06