gfs2: change gfs2 readdir cookie

gfs2 currently returns 31 bits of filename hash as a cookie that readdir
uses for an offset into the directory. When there are a large number of
directory entries, the likelihood of a collision goes up way too
quickly. GFS2 will now return cookies that are guaranteed unique for a
while, and then fail back to using 30 bits of filename hash.
Specifically, the directory leaf blocks are divided up into chunks based
on the minimum size of a gfs2 directory entry (48 bytes). Each entry's
cookie is based off the chunk where it starts, in the linked list of
leaf blocks that it hashes to (there are 131072 hash buckets). Directory
entries will have unique names until they take reach chunk 8192.
Assuming the largest filenames possible, and the least efficient spacing
possible, this new method will still be able to return unique names when
the previous method has statistically more than a 99% chance of a
collision. The non-unique names it fails back to are guaranteed to not
collide with the unique names.

unique cookies will be in this format:
- 1 bit "0" to make sure the the returned cookie is positive
- 17 bits for the hash table index
- 1 bit for the mode "0"
- 13 bits for the offset

non-unique cookies will be in this format:
- 1 bit "0" to make sure the the returned cookie is positive
- 17 bits for the hash table index
- 1 bit for the mode "1"
- 13 more bits of the name hash

Another benefit of location based cookies, is that once a directory's
exhash table is fully extended (so that multiple hash table indexs do
not use the same leaf blocks), gfs2 can skip sorting the directory
entries until it reaches the non-unique ones, and then it only needs to
sort these. This provides a significant speed up for directory reads of
very large directories.

The only issue is that for these cookies to continue to point to the
correct entry as files are added and removed from the directory, gfs2
must keep the entries at the same offset in the leaf block when they are
split (see my previous patch). This means that until all the nodes in a
cluster are running with code that will split the directory leaf blocks
this way, none of the nodes can use the new cookie code. To deal with
this, gfs2 now has the mount option loccookie, which, if set, will make
it return these new location based cookies. This option must not be set
until all nodes in the cluster are at least running this version of the
kernel code, and you have guaranteed that there are no outstanding
cookies required by other software, such as NFS.

gfs2 uses some of the extra space at the end of the gfs2_dirent
structure to store the calculated readdir cookies. This keeps us from
needing to allocate a seperate array to hold these values. gfs2
recomputes the cookie stored in de_cookie for every readdir call. The
time it takes to do so is small, and if gfs2 expected this value to be
saved on disk, the new code wouldn't work correctly on filesystems
created with an earlier version of gfs2.

One issue with adding de_cookie to the union in the gfs2_dirent
structure is that it caused the union to align itself to a 4 byte
boundary, instead of its previous 2 byte boundary. This changed the
offset of de_rahead. To solve that, I pulled de_rahead out of the union,
since it does not need to be there.

Signed-off-by: Benjamin Marzinski <[e-mail]>
Signed-off-by: Bob Peterson <[e-mail]>

fs/gfs2/dir.c

···
 
 #define gfs2_disk_hash2offset(h) (((u64)(h)) >> 1)
 #define gfs2_dir_offset2hash(p) ((u32)(((u64)(p)) << 1))
+#define GFS2_HASH_INDEX_MASK 0xffffc000
+#define GFS2_USE_HASH_FLAG 0x2000
 
 struct qstr gfs2_qdot __read_mostly;
 struct qstr gfs2_qdotdot __read_mostly;
···
 	int ret = 0;
 
 	dent_a = *(const struct gfs2_dirent **)a;
-	hash_a = be32_to_cpu(dent_a->de_hash);
+	hash_a = dent_a->de_cookie;
 
 	dent_b = *(const struct gfs2_dirent **)b;
-	hash_b = be32_to_cpu(dent_b->de_hash);
+	hash_b = dent_b->de_cookie;
 
 	if (hash_a > hash_b)
 		ret = 1;
···
  */
 
 static int do_filldir_main(struct gfs2_inode *dip, struct dir_context *ctx,
-			   const struct gfs2_dirent **darr, u32 entries,
-			   int *copied)
+			   struct gfs2_dirent **darr, u32 entries,
+			   u32 sort_start, int *copied)
 {
 	const struct gfs2_dirent *dent, *dent_next;
 	u64 off, off_next;
 	unsigned int x, y;
 	int run = 0;
 
-	sort(darr, entries, sizeof(struct gfs2_dirent *), compare_dents, NULL);
+	if (sort_start < entries)
+		sort(&darr[sort_start], entries - sort_start,
+		     sizeof(struct gfs2_dirent *), compare_dents, NULL);
 
 	dent_next = darr[0];
-	off_next = be32_to_cpu(dent_next->de_hash);
-	off_next = gfs2_disk_hash2offset(off_next);
+	off_next = dent_next->de_cookie;
 
 	for (x = 0, y = 1; x < entries; x++, y++) {
 		dent = dent_next;
···
 
 		if (y < entries) {
 			dent_next = darr[y];
-			off_next = be32_to_cpu(dent_next->de_hash);
-			off_next = gfs2_disk_hash2offset(off_next);
+			off_next = dent_next->de_cookie;
 
 			if (off < ctx->pos)
 				continue;
···
 	return ptr;
 }
 
+
+static int gfs2_set_cookies(struct gfs2_sbd *sdp, struct buffer_head *bh,
+			    unsigned leaf_nr, struct gfs2_dirent **darr,
+			    unsigned entries)
+{
+	int sort_id = -1;
+	int i;
+	
+	for (i = 0; i < entries; i++) {
+		unsigned offset;
+
+		darr[i]->de_cookie = be32_to_cpu(darr[i]->de_hash);
+		darr[i]->de_cookie = gfs2_disk_hash2offset(darr[i]->de_cookie);
+
+		if (!sdp->sd_args.ar_loccookie)
+			continue;
+		offset = (char *)(darr[i]) -
+			 (bh->b_data + gfs2_dirent_offset(bh->b_data));
+		offset /= GFS2_MIN_DIRENT_SIZE;
+		offset += leaf_nr * sdp->sd_max_dents_per_leaf;
+		if (offset >= GFS2_USE_HASH_FLAG ||
+		    leaf_nr >= GFS2_USE_HASH_FLAG) {
+			darr[i]->de_cookie |= GFS2_USE_HASH_FLAG;
+			if (sort_id < 0)
+				sort_id = i;
+			continue;
+		}
+		darr[i]->de_cookie &= GFS2_HASH_INDEX_MASK;
+		darr[i]->de_cookie |= offset;
+	}
+	return sort_id;
+}	
+
+
 static int gfs2_dir_read_leaf(struct inode *inode, struct dir_context *ctx,
 			      int *copied, unsigned *depth,
 			      u64 leaf_no)
···
 	struct buffer_head *bh;
 	struct gfs2_leaf *lf;
 	unsigned entries = 0, entries2 = 0;
-	unsigned leaves = 0;
-	const struct gfs2_dirent **darr, *dent;
+	unsigned leaves = 0, leaf = 0, offset, sort_offset;
+	struct gfs2_dirent **darr, *dent;
 	struct dirent_gather g;
 	struct buffer_head **larr;
-	int leaf = 0;
-	int error, i;
+	int error, i, need_sort = 0, sort_id;
 	u64 lfn = leaf_no;
 
 	do {
···
 		brelse(bh);
 	} while(lfn);
 
+	if (*depth < GFS2_DIR_MAX_DEPTH || !sdp->sd_args.ar_loccookie) {
+		need_sort = 1;
+		sort_offset = 0;
+	}
+
 	if (!entries)
 		return 0;
 
···
 	larr = gfs2_alloc_sort_buffer((leaves + entries + 99) * sizeof(void *));
 	if (!larr)
 		goto out;
-	darr = (const struct gfs2_dirent **)(larr + leaves);
-	g.pdent = darr;
+	darr = (struct gfs2_dirent **)(larr + leaves);
+	g.pdent = (const struct gfs2_dirent **)darr;
 	g.offset = 0;
 	lfn = leaf_no;
 
···
 		lf = (struct gfs2_leaf *)bh->b_data;
 		lfn = be64_to_cpu(lf->lf_next);
 		if (lf->lf_entries) {
+			offset = g.offset;
 			entries2 += be16_to_cpu(lf->lf_entries);
 			dent = gfs2_dirent_scan(inode, bh->b_data, bh->b_size,
 						gfs2_dirent_gather, NULL, &g);
···
 				goto out_free;
 			}
 			error = 0;
+			sort_id = gfs2_set_cookies(sdp, bh, leaf, &darr[offset],
+						   be16_to_cpu(lf->lf_entries));
+			if (!need_sort && sort_id >= 0) {
+				need_sort = 1;
+				sort_offset = offset + sort_id;
+			}
 			larr[leaf++] = bh;
 		} else {
+			larr[leaf++] = NULL;
 			brelse(bh);
 		}
 	} while(lfn);
 
 	BUG_ON(entries2 != entries);
-	error = do_filldir_main(ip, ctx, darr, entries, copied);
+	error = do_filldir_main(ip, ctx, darr, entries, need_sort ?
+				sort_offset : entries, copied);
 out_free:
 	for(i = 0; i < leaf; i++)
-		brelse(larr[i]);
+		if (larr[i])
+			brelse(larr[i]);
 	kvfree(larr);
 out:
 	return error;
···
 	struct gfs2_inode *dip = GFS2_I(inode);
 	struct gfs2_sbd *sdp = GFS2_SB(inode);
 	struct dirent_gather g;
-	const struct gfs2_dirent **darr, *dent;
+	struct gfs2_dirent **darr, *dent;
 	struct buffer_head *dibh;
 	int copied = 0;
 	int error;
···
 	/* 96 is max number of dirents which can be stuffed into an inode */
 	darr = kmalloc(96 * sizeof(struct gfs2_dirent *), GFP_NOFS);
 	if (darr) {
-		g.pdent = darr;
+		g.pdent = (const struct gfs2_dirent **)darr;
 		g.offset = 0;
 		dent = gfs2_dirent_scan(inode, dibh->b_data, dibh->b_size,
 					gfs2_dirent_gather, NULL, &g);
···
 			error = -EIO;
 			goto out;
 		}
+		gfs2_set_cookies(sdp, dibh, 0, darr, dip->i_entries);
 		error = do_filldir_main(dip, ctx, darr,
-					dip->i_entries, &copied);
+					dip->i_entries, 0, &copied);
 out:
 		kfree(darr);
 	}

fs/gfs2/incore.h

···
 	unsigned int ar_errors:2;               /* errors=withdraw | panic */
 	unsigned int ar_nobarrier:1;            /* do not send barriers */
 	unsigned int ar_rgrplvb:1;		/* use lvbs for rgrp info */
+	unsigned int ar_loccookie:1;		/* use location based readdir
+						   cookies */
 	int ar_commit;				/* Commit interval */
 	int ar_statfs_quantum;			/* The fast statfs interval */
 	int ar_quota_quantum;			/* The quota interval */
···
 	u64 sd_heightsize[GFS2_MAX_META_HEIGHT + 1];
 	u32 sd_max_jheight; /* Max height of journaled file's meta tree */
 	u64 sd_jheightsize[GFS2_MAX_META_HEIGHT + 1];
+	u32 sd_max_dents_per_leaf; /* Max number of dirents in a leaf block */
 
 	struct gfs2_args sd_args;	/* Mount arguments */
 	struct gfs2_tune sd_tune;	/* Filesystem tuning structure */

fs/gfs2/ops_fstype.c

···
 	sdp->sd_jheightsize[x] = ~0;
 	gfs2_assert(sdp, sdp->sd_max_jheight <= GFS2_MAX_META_HEIGHT);
 
+	sdp->sd_max_dents_per_leaf = (sdp->sd_sb.sb_bsize -
+				      sizeof(struct gfs2_leaf)) /
+				     GFS2_MIN_DIRENT_SIZE;
 	return 0;
 }
 

fs/gfs2/super.c

···
 	Opt_nobarrier,
 	Opt_rgrplvb,
 	Opt_norgrplvb,
+	Opt_loccookie,
+	Opt_noloccookie,
 	Opt_error,
 };
 
···
 	{Opt_nobarrier, "nobarrier"},
 	{Opt_rgrplvb, "rgrplvb"},
 	{Opt_norgrplvb, "norgrplvb"},
+	{Opt_loccookie, "loccookie"},
+	{Opt_noloccookie, "noloccookie"},
 	{Opt_error, NULL}
 };
 
···
 			break;
 		case Opt_norgrplvb:
 			args->ar_rgrplvb = 0;
+			break;
+		case Opt_loccookie:
+			args->ar_loccookie = 1;
+			break;
+		case Opt_noloccookie:
+			args->ar_loccookie = 0;
 			break;
 		case Opt_error:
 		default:
···
 		seq_puts(s, ",demote_interface_used");
 	if (args->ar_rgrplvb)
 		seq_puts(s, ",rgrplvb");
+	if (args->ar_loccookie)
+		seq_puts(s, ",loccookie");
 	return 0;
 }
 

include/uapi/linux/gfs2_ondisk.h

···
 
 #define GFS2_FNAMESIZE		255
 #define GFS2_DIRENT_SIZE(name_len) ((sizeof(struct gfs2_dirent) + (name_len) + 7) & ~7)
+#define GFS2_MIN_DIRENT_SIZE (GFS2_DIRENT_SIZE(1))
+
 
 struct gfs2_dirent {
 	struct gfs2_inum de_inum;
···
 	__be16 de_rec_len;
 	__be16 de_name_len;
 	__be16 de_type;
+	__be16 de_rahead;
 	union {
-		__u8 __pad[14];
+		__u8 __pad[12];
 		struct {
-			__be16 de_rahead;
-			__u8 pad2[12];
+			__u32 de_cookie; /* ondisk value not used */
+			__u8 pad3[8];
 		};
 	};
 };