media: docs: make V4L documents more compatible with Sphinx 3.1+

Sphinx 3.x broke support for the cdomain.py extension, as the
c domain code was rewritten. Due to that, the c tags need to
be re-written, in order to use the new c domain notation.

Signed-off-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <[e-mail]>

Documentation/userspace-api/media/v4l/buffer.rst

···
 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GFDL-1.1-no-invariants-or-later
+.. c:namespace:: V4L
 
 .. _buffer:
 
···
 mem-to-mem devices is an exception to the rule: the timestamp source
 flags are copied from the OUTPUT video buffer to the CAPTURE video
 buffer.
-
 
 Interactions between formats, controls and buffers
 ==================================================
···
 enough for all the desired formats and controls, or by allocating separate set
 of appropriately sized buffers for each use case).
 
-
 .. c:type:: v4l2_buffer
 
 struct v4l2_buffer
···
 	``V4L2_MEMORY_MMAP`` this is the offset of the buffer from the
 	start of the device memory. The value is returned by the driver
 	and apart of serving as parameter to the
-	:ref:`mmap() <func-mmap>` function not useful for applications.
+	:c:func:`mmap()` function not useful for applications.
 	See :ref:`mmap` for details
     * - unsigned long
       - ``userptr``
···
 	given, then ``EINVAL`` will be returned.
 
 
-
 .. c:type:: v4l2_plane
 
 struct v4l2_plane
···
       - ``mem_offset``
       - When the memory type in the containing struct
 	:c:type:`v4l2_buffer` is ``V4L2_MEMORY_MMAP``, this
-	is the value that should be passed to :ref:`mmap() <func-mmap>`,
+	is the value that should be passed to :c:func:`mmap()`,
 	similar to the ``offset`` field in struct
 	:c:type:`v4l2_buffer`.
     * - unsigned long
···
       - ``reserved[11]``
       - Reserved for future use. Should be zeroed by drivers and
 	applications.
-
 
 
 .. c:type:: v4l2_buf_type
···
     * - ``V4L2_BUF_TYPE_META_OUTPUT``
       - 14
       - Buffer for metadata output, see :ref:`metadata`.
-
 
 
 .. _buffer-flags:
···
       - The buffer is used for :ref:`DMA shared buffer <dmabuf>` I/O.
 
 
-
 Timecodes
 =========
 
···
 :ref:`smpte12m` or similar timecode.
 (struct :c:type:`timeval` timestamps are stored in the struct
 :c:type:`v4l2_buffer` ``timestamp`` field.)
-
 
 .. c:type:: v4l2_timecode
 
···
       - The "user group" bits from the timecode.
 
 
-
 .. _timecode-type:
 
 Timecode Types
···
     * - ``V4L2_TC_TYPE_60FPS``
       - 5
       -
-
 
 
 .. _timecode-flags:

Documentation/userspace-api/media/v4l/dev-capture.rst

···
 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GFDL-1.1-no-invariants-or-later
+.. c:namespace:: V4L
 
 .. _capture:
 
···
 
 .. note:: The same device file names are used for video output devices.
 
-
 Querying Capabilities
 =====================
 
···
 streaming I/O methods must be supported. Tuners and audio inputs are
 optional.
 
-
 Supplemental Functions
 ======================
 
···
 :ref:`video input <video>` ioctls must be supported by all video
 capture devices.
 
-
 Image Format Negotiation
 ========================
 
···
 format, the number of bits per pixel or width and height. Together they
 also define how images are scaled in the process.
 
-As usual these parameters are *not* reset at :ref:`open() <func-open>`
+As usual these parameters are *not* reset at :c:func:`open()`
 time to permit Unix tool chains, programming a device and then reading
 from it as if it was a plain file. Well written V4L2 applications ensure
 they really get what they want, including cropping and scaling.
···
 and :ref:`VIDIOC_S_FMT <VIDIOC_G_FMT>` ioctl, even if :ref:`VIDIOC_S_FMT <VIDIOC_G_FMT>` ignores all
 requests and always returns default parameters as :ref:`VIDIOC_G_FMT <VIDIOC_G_FMT>` does.
 :ref:`VIDIOC_TRY_FMT <VIDIOC_G_FMT>` is optional.
-
 
 Reading Images
 ==============

Documentation/userspace-api/media/v4l/dev-output.rst

···
 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GFDL-1.1-no-invariants-or-later
+.. c:namespace:: V4L
 
 .. _output:
 
···
 
 .. note:: The same device file names are used also for video capture devices.
 
-
 Querying Capabilities
 =====================
 
···
 streaming I/O methods must be supported. Modulators and audio outputs
 are optional.
 
-
 Supplemental Functions
 ======================
 
···
 :ref:`video output <video>` ioctls must be supported by all video
 output devices.
 
-
 Image Format Negotiation
 ========================
 
···
 the number of bits per pixel or width and height. Together they also
 define how images are scaled in the process.
 
-As usual these parameters are *not* reset at :ref:`open() <func-open>`
+As usual these parameters are *not* reset at :c:func:`open()`
 time to permit Unix tool chains, programming a device and then writing
 to it as if it was a plain file. Well written V4L2 applications ensure
 they really get what they want, including cropping and scaling.
···
 and :ref:`VIDIOC_S_FMT <VIDIOC_G_FMT>` ioctl, even if :ref:`VIDIOC_S_FMT <VIDIOC_G_FMT>` ignores all
 requests and always returns default parameters as :ref:`VIDIOC_G_FMT <VIDIOC_G_FMT>` does.
 :ref:`VIDIOC_TRY_FMT <VIDIOC_G_FMT>` is optional.
-
 
 Writing Images
 ==============

Documentation/userspace-api/media/v4l/dev-raw-vbi.rst

···
 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GFDL-1.1-no-invariants-or-later
+.. c:namespace:: V4L
 
 .. _raw-vbi:
 
···
 Accessed as ``/dev/vbi``, raw VBI capturing or output is the default
 device function.
 
-
 Querying Capabilities
 =====================
 
···
 read/write, streaming or asynchronous I/O methods must be supported. VBI
 devices may or may not have a tuner or modulator.
 
-
 Supplemental Functions
 ======================
 
···
 :ref:`tuner or modulator <tuner>`, and :ref:`controls <control>`
 ioctls as needed. The :ref:`video standard <standard>` ioctls provide
 information vital to program a VBI device, therefore must be supported.
-
 
 Raw VBI Format Negotiation
 ==========================
···
 query the sampling parameters. Moreover, to allow for some flexibility
 applications can also suggest different parameters.
 
-As usual these parameters are *not* reset at :ref:`open() <func-open>`
+As usual these parameters are *not* reset at :c:func:`open()`
 time to permit Unix tool chains, programming a device and then reading
 from it as if it was a plain file. Well written V4L2 applications should
 always ensure they really get what they want, requesting reasonable
···
 overlap, or when the driver supports multiple opens and another process
 already requested VBI capturing or output. Anyway, applications must
 expect other resource allocation points which may return ``EBUSY``, at the
-:ref:`VIDIOC_STREAMON` ioctl and the first :ref:`read() <func-read>`
-, :ref:`write() <func-write>` and :ref:`select() <func-select>` calls.
+:ref:`VIDIOC_STREAMON` ioctl and the first :c:func:`read()`
+, :c:func:`write()` and :c:func:`select()` calls.
 
 VBI devices must implement both the :ref:`VIDIOC_G_FMT <VIDIOC_G_FMT>` and
 :ref:`VIDIOC_S_FMT <VIDIOC_G_FMT>` ioctl, even if :ref:`VIDIOC_S_FMT <VIDIOC_G_FMT>` ignores all requests
···
       - This array is reserved for future extensions. Drivers and
 	applications must set it to zero.
 
-
 .. tabularcolumns:: |p{4.4cm}|p{1.5cm}|p{11.6cm}|
 
 .. _vbifmt-flags:
···
 	non-zero.
 
 
-
 .. _vbi-hsync:
 
 .. kernel-figure:: vbi_hsync.svg
···
     :align: center
 
     **Figure 4.1. Line synchronization**
-
 
 .. _vbi-525:
 
···
 the negotiated VBI parameters, should be refused by the driver. A format
 change during active I/O is not permitted.
 
-
 Reading and writing VBI images
 ==============================
 
···
 consisting of two fields of VBI images immediately following in memory.
 
 The total size of a frame computes as follows:
-
 
 .. code-block:: c
 
···
 using buffer timestamps.
 
 Remember the :ref:`VIDIOC_STREAMON <VIDIOC_STREAMON>` ioctl and the
-first :ref:`read() <func-read>`, :ref:`write() <func-write>` and
-:ref:`select() <func-select>` call can be resource allocation
+first :c:func:`read()`, :c:func:`write()` and
+:c:func:`select()` call can be resource allocation
 points returning an ``EBUSY`` error code if the required hardware resources
 are temporarily unavailable, for example the device is already in use by
 another process.

Documentation/userspace-api/media/v4l/dev-rds.rst

···
 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GFDL-1.1-no-invariants-or-later
+.. c:namespace:: V4L
 
 .. _rds:
 
···
 (or the so-called 'E blocks' in general) be needed, then please contact
 the linux-media mailing list:
 `https://linuxtv.org/lists.php <https://linuxtv.org/lists.php>`__.
-
 
 Querying Capabilities
 =====================
···
 :ref:`Writing RDS data <writing-rds-data>` and
 :ref:`FM Transmitter Control Reference <fm-tx-controls>`.
 
-
 .. _reading-rds-data:
 
 Reading RDS data
 ================
 
 RDS data can be read from the radio device with the
-:ref:`read() <func-read>` function. The data is packed in groups of
+:c:func:`read()` function. The data is packed in groups of
 three bytes.
-
 
 .. _writing-rds-data:
 
···
 ================
 
 RDS data can be written to the radio device with the
-:ref:`write() <func-write>` function. The data is packed in groups of
+:c:func:`write()` function. The data is packed in groups of
 three bytes, as follows:
-
 
 RDS datastructures
 ==================
-
 
 .. c:type:: v4l2_rds_data
 
···
     * - __u8
       - ``block``
       - Block description
-
 
 
 .. _v4l2-rds-block:
···
     * - Bit 7
       - Error bit. Indicates that an uncorrectable error occurred during
 	reception of this block.
-
 
 
 .. _v4l2-rds-block-codes:

Documentation/userspace-api/media/v4l/dev-sliced-vbi.rst

···
 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GFDL-1.1-no-invariants-or-later
+.. c:namespace:: V4L
 
 .. _sliced:
 
···
 Different file descriptors must be used to pass raw and sliced VBI data
 simultaneously, if this is supported by the driver.
 
-
 Querying Capabilities
 =====================
 
···
 read/write, streaming or asynchronous :ref:`I/O methods <io>` must be
 supported. Sliced VBI devices may have a tuner or modulator.
 
-
 Supplemental Functions
 ======================
 
···
 capabilities, and they may support :ref:`control` ioctls.
 The :ref:`video standard <standard>` ioctls provide information vital
 to program a sliced VBI device, therefore must be supported.
-
 
 .. _sliced-vbi-format-negotitation:
 
···
 resources are temporarily unavailable. Other resource allocation points
 which may return ``EBUSY`` can be the
 :ref:`VIDIOC_STREAMON` ioctl and the first
-:ref:`read() <func-read>`, :ref:`write() <func-write>` and
-:ref:`select() <func-select>` call.
-
+:c:func:`read()`, :c:func:`write()` and
+:c:func:`select()` call.
 
 .. c:type:: v4l2_sliced_vbi_format
 
···
     * - __u32
       - ``io_size``
       - :cspan:`2` Maximum number of bytes passed by one
-	:ref:`read() <func-read>` or :ref:`write() <func-write>` call,
+	:c:func:`read()` or :c:func:`write()` call,
 	and the buffer size in bytes for the
 	:ref:`VIDIOC_QBUF` and
 	:ref:`VIDIOC_DQBUF <VIDIOC_QBUF>` ioctl. Drivers set this field
···
 
     \normalsize
 
-
 Drivers may return an ``EINVAL`` error code when applications attempt to
 read or write data without prior format negotiation, after switching the
 video standard (which may invalidate the negotiated VBI parameters) and
···
 format while i/o is in progress (between a
 :ref:`VIDIOC_STREAMON` and
 :ref:`VIDIOC_STREAMOFF <VIDIOC_STREAMON>` call, and after the first
-:ref:`read() <func-read>` or :ref:`write() <func-write>` call).
-
+:c:func:`read()` or :c:func:`write()` call).
 
 Reading and writing sliced VBI data
 ===================================
 
-A single :ref:`read() <func-read>` or :ref:`write() <func-write>`
+A single :c:func:`read()` or :c:func:`write()`
 call must pass all data belonging to one video frame. That is an array
 of struct :c:type:`v4l2_sliced_vbi_data` structures with one or
 more elements and a total size not exceeding ``io_size`` bytes. Likewise
 in streaming I/O mode one buffer of ``io_size`` bytes must contain data
 of one video frame. The ``id`` of unused
 struct :c:type:`v4l2_sliced_vbi_data` elements must be zero.
-
 
 .. c:type:: v4l2_sliced_vbi_data
 
···
 	bytes at the end of this array are undefined, drivers and
 	applications shall ignore them.
 
-
 Packets are always passed in ascending line number order, without
-duplicate line numbers. The :ref:`write() <func-write>` function and
+duplicate line numbers. The :c:func:`write()` function and
 the :ref:`VIDIOC_QBUF` ioctl must return an ``EINVAL``
 error code when applications violate this rule. They must also return an
 EINVAL error code when applications pass an incorrect field or line
···
 streaming (:ref:`memory mapping <mmap>` and/or
 :ref:`user pointer <userp>`) I/O. The latter bears the possibility of
 synchronizing video and VBI data by using buffer timestamps.
-
 
 Sliced VBI Data in MPEG Streams
 ===============================
···
 The following subsections specify the format of the embedded sliced VBI
 data.
 
-
 MPEG Stream Embedded, Sliced VBI Data Format: NONE
 --------------------------------------------------
 
···
 nor driver shall insert "empty" embedded sliced VBI data packets in the
 MPEG stream when this format is set. No MPEG stream data structures are
 specified for this format.
-
 
 MPEG Stream Embedded, Sliced VBI Data Format: IVTV
 --------------------------------------------------
···
 4-byte boundary. The payload shall never exceed 1552 bytes (2 fields
 with 18 lines/field with 43 bytes of data/line and a 4 byte magic
 number).
-
 
 .. c:type:: v4l2_mpeg_vbi_fmt_ivtv
 
···
 	valid and that 36 lines of sliced VBI data are present.
 
 
-
 .. c:type:: v4l2_mpeg_vbi_itv0
 
 .. c:type:: v4l2_mpeg_vbi_ITV0
···
 	corresponding VBI line number and video field are given below.
 	b\ :sub:`0` indicates the least significant bit of a ``linemask``
 	value:
-
 
 
 	::
···
 	applications.
 
 
-
 .. _v4l2-mpeg-vbi-itv0-1:
 
 struct v4l2_mpeg_vbi_ITV0
···
 	through ``line``\ [17] correspond to lines 6 through 23 of the
 	first field. ``line``\ [18] through ``line``\ [35] corresponds to
 	lines 6 through 23 of the second field.
-
 
 
 .. c:type:: v4l2_mpeg_vbi_itv0_line
···
     * - __u8
       - ``data``\ [42]
       - The sliced VBI data for the line.
-
 
 
 .. _ITV0-Line-Identifier-Constants:
···
       - 7
       - Refer to :ref:`Sliced VBI services <vbi-services2>` for a
 	description of the line payload.
-
 
 
 .. [#f1]

Documentation/userspace-api/media/v4l/diff-v4l.rst

···
 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GFDL-1.1-no-invariants-or-later
+.. c:namespace:: V4L
 
 .. _diff-v4l:
 
···
 the much improved V4L2 API replaces the V4L API. The support for the old
 V4L calls were removed from Kernel, but the library :ref:`libv4l`
 supports the conversion of a V4L API system call into a V4L2 one.
-
 
 Opening and Closing Devices
 ===========================
···
 recommend that V4L2 drivers by default register devices with the same
 numbers, but the system administrator can assign arbitrary minor numbers
 using driver module options. The major device number remains 81.
-
 
 .. _v4l-dev:
 
···
       - ``/dev/vbi``, ``/dev/vbi0`` to ``/dev/vbi31``
       - 224-255
 
-
 V4L prohibits (or used to prohibit) multiple opens of a device file.
 V4L2 drivers *may* support multiple opens, see :ref:`open` for details
 and consequences.
 
 V4L drivers respond to V4L2 ioctls with an ``EINVAL`` error code.
-
 
 Querying Capabilities
 =====================
···
       - ``-``
       - See above.
 
-
 The ``audios`` field was replaced by ``capabilities`` flag
 ``V4L2_CAP_AUDIO``, indicating *if* the device has any audio inputs or
 outputs. To determine their number applications can enumerate audio
···
 :ref:`VIDIOC_TRY_FMT <VIDIOC_G_FMT>` ioctl with the desired
 dimensions returns the closest size possible, taking into account the
 current video standard, cropping and scaling limitations.
-
 
 Video Sources
 =============
···
 video input types were renamed as follows:
 
 
-
 .. flat-table::
     :header-rows:  1
     :stub-columns: 0
···
       - ``V4L2_INPUT_TYPE_TUNER``
     * - ``VIDEO_TYPE_CAMERA``
       - ``V4L2_INPUT_TYPE_CAMERA``
-
 
 Unlike the ``tuners`` field expressing the number of tuners of this
 input, V4L2 assumes each video input is connected to at most one tuner.
···
 addition together with the ``norm`` field and has been removed in the
 meantime. V4L2 has a similar, albeit more comprehensive approach to
 video standards, see :ref:`standard` for more information.
-
 
 Tuning
 ======
···
 to a struct :c:type:`v4l2_frequency` instead of an
 unsigned long integer.
 
-
 .. _v4l-image-properties:
 
 Image Properties
···
 :ref:`VIDIOC_QUERYCTRL`,
 :ref:`VIDIOC_G_CTRL <VIDIOC_G_CTRL>` and
 :ref:`VIDIOC_S_CTRL <VIDIOC_G_CTRL>` ioctls:
-
 
 
 .. flat-table::
···
     * - ``whiteness``
       - ``V4L2_CID_WHITENESS``
 
-
 The V4L picture controls are assumed to range from 0 to 65535 with no
 particular reset value. The V4L2 API permits arbitrary limits and
 defaults which can be queried with the
···
 such information assuming applications recognizing the format are aware
 of the image depth and others need not know. The ``palette`` field moved
 into the struct :c:type:`v4l2_pix_format`:
-
 
 
 .. flat-table::
···
     * - ``VIDEO_PALETTE_YUV410P``
       - :ref:`V4L2_PIX_FMT_YVU410 <V4L2-PIX-FMT-YVU410>`
 
-
 V4L2 image formats are defined in :ref:`pixfmt`. The image format can
 be selected with the :ref:`VIDIOC_S_FMT <VIDIOC_G_FMT>` ioctl.
-
 
 Audio
 =====
···
 :ref:`VIDIOC_S_CTRL <VIDIOC_G_CTRL>` ioctls:
 
 
-
 .. flat-table::
     :header-rows:  1
     :stub-columns: 0
···
     * - ``balance``
       - ``V4L2_CID_AUDIO_BALANCE``
 
-
 To determine which of these controls are supported by a driver V4L
 provides the ``flags`` ``VIDEO_AUDIO_VOLUME``, ``VIDEO_AUDIO_BASS``,
 ``VIDEO_AUDIO_TREBLE`` and ``VIDEO_AUDIO_BALANCE``. In the V4L2 API the
···
 V4L2 API permits arbitrary limits and defaults which can be queried with
 the :ref:`VIDIOC_QUERYCTRL` ioctl. For general
 information about controls see :ref:`control`.
-
 
 Frame Buffer Overlay
 ====================
···
 The ``VIDIOCCAPTURE`` ioctl to enable or disable overlay was renamed to
 :ref:`VIDIOC_OVERLAY`.
 
-
 Cropping
 ========
 
···
 select a capture or overlay format with the
 :ref:`VIDIOC_S_FMT <VIDIOC_G_FMT>` ioctl.
 
-
 Reading Images, Memory Mapping
 ==============================
-
 
 Capturing using the read method
 -------------------------------
 
 There is no essential difference between reading images from a V4L or
-V4L2 device using the :ref:`read() <func-read>` function, however V4L2
+V4L2 device using the :c:func:`read()` function, however V4L2
 drivers are not required to support this I/O method. Applications can
 determine if the function is available with the
 :ref:`VIDIOC_QUERYCAP` ioctl. All V4L2 devices
 exchanging data with applications must support the
-:ref:`select() <func-select>` and :ref:`poll() <func-poll>`
+:c:func:`select()` and :c:func:`poll()`
 functions.
 
 To select an image format and size, V4L provides the ``VIDIOCSPICT`` and
···
 
 For more information about the V4L2 read interface see :ref:`rw`.
 
-
 Capturing using memory mapping
 ------------------------------
 
···
 into their address space. This avoids the data copying overhead of the
 read method. V4L2 supports memory mapping as well, with a few
 differences.
-
 
 
 .. flat-table::
···
 	``VIDIOCGMBUF`` ioctl is available to query the number of buffers,
 	the offset of each buffer from the start of the virtual file, and
 	the overall amount of memory used, which can be used as arguments
-	for the :ref:`mmap() <func-mmap>` function.
+	for the :c:func:`mmap()` function.
       - Buffers are individually mapped. The offset and size of each
 	buffer can be determined with the
 	:ref:`VIDIOC_QUERYBUF` ioctl.
···
 	the incoming queue. Filled buffers are dequeued from the outgoing
 	queue with the :ref:`VIDIOC_DQBUF <VIDIOC_QBUF>` ioctl. To wait
 	until filled buffers become available this function,
-	:ref:`select() <func-select>` or :ref:`poll() <func-poll>` can
+	:c:func:`select()` or :c:func:`poll()` can
 	be used. The :ref:`VIDIOC_STREAMON` ioctl
 	must be called once after enqueuing one or more buffers to start
 	capturing. Its counterpart
···
 	signal status, if known, with the
 	:ref:`VIDIOC_ENUMINPUT` ioctl.
 
-
 For a more in-depth discussion of memory mapping and examples, see
 :ref:`mmap`.
-
 
 Reading Raw VBI Data
 ====================
···
 driver supporting this interface was the BTTV driver, de-facto defining
 the V4L VBI interface. Reading from the device yields a raw VBI image
 with the following parameters:
-
 
 
 .. flat-table::
···
     * - flags
       - 0
 
-
 Undocumented in the V4L specification, in Linux 2.3 the
 ``VIDIOCGVBIFMT`` and ``VIDIOCSVBIFMT`` ioctls using struct
 ``vbi_format`` were added to determine the VBI image
···
 
 Apparently only the Zoran (ZR 36120) driver implements these ioctls. The
 semantics differ from those specified for V4L2 in two ways. The
-parameters are reset on :ref:`open() <func-open>` and
+parameters are reset on :c:func:`open()` and
 ``VIDIOCSVBIFMT`` always returns an ``EINVAL`` error code if the parameters
 are invalid.
-
 
 Miscellaneous
 =============

Documentation/userspace-api/media/v4l/dmabuf.rst

···
 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GFDL-1.1-no-invariants-or-later
+.. c:namespace:: V4L
 
 .. _dmabuf:
 
···
 :c:type:`v4l2_plane` in the multi-planar API case). The
 driver must be switched into DMABUF I/O mode by calling the
 :ref:`VIDIOC_REQBUFS <VIDIOC_REQBUFS>` with the desired buffer type.
-
 
 Example: Initiating streaming I/O with DMABUF file descriptors
 ==============================================================
···
 Two methods exist to suspend execution of the application until one or
 more buffers can be dequeued. By default :ref:`VIDIOC_DQBUF
 <VIDIOC_QBUF>` blocks when no buffer is in the outgoing queue. When the
-``O_NONBLOCK`` flag was given to the :ref:`open() <func-open>` function,
+``O_NONBLOCK`` flag was given to the :c:func:`open()` function,
 :ref:`VIDIOC_DQBUF <VIDIOC_QBUF>` returns immediately with an ``EAGAIN``
 error code when no buffer is available. The
-:ref:`select() <func-select>` and :ref:`poll() <func-poll>`
+:c:func:`select()` and :c:func:`poll()`
 functions are always available.
 
 To start and stop capturing or displaying applications call the
···
 :ref:`VIDIOC_REQBUFS <VIDIOC_REQBUFS>`, :ref:`VIDIOC_QBUF <VIDIOC_QBUF>`,
 :ref:`VIDIOC_DQBUF <VIDIOC_QBUF>`, :ref:`VIDIOC_STREAMON
 <VIDIOC_STREAMON>` and :ref:`VIDIOC_STREAMOFF <VIDIOC_STREAMON>` ioctls,
-and the :ref:`select() <func-select>` and :ref:`poll() <func-poll>`
+and the :c:func:`select()` and :c:func:`poll()`
 functions.

Documentation/userspace-api/media/v4l/format.rst

···
 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GFDL-1.1-no-invariants-or-later
+.. c:namespace:: V4L
 
 .. _format:
 
 ************
 Data Formats
 ************
-
 
 Data Format Negotiation
 =======================
···
 When applications omit the :ref:`VIDIOC_S_FMT <VIDIOC_G_FMT>` ioctl its locking side
 effects are implied by the next step, the selection of an I/O method
 with the :ref:`VIDIOC_REQBUFS` ioctl or implicit
-with the first :ref:`read() <func-read>` or
-:ref:`write() <func-write>` call.
+with the first :c:func:`read()` or
+:c:func:`write()` call.
 
 Generally only one logical stream can be assigned to a file descriptor,
 the exception being drivers permitting simultaneous video capturing and
···
 All drivers exchanging data with applications must support the
 :ref:`VIDIOC_G_FMT <VIDIOC_G_FMT>` and :ref:`VIDIOC_S_FMT <VIDIOC_G_FMT>` ioctl. Implementation of the
 :ref:`VIDIOC_TRY_FMT <VIDIOC_G_FMT>` is highly recommended but optional.
-
 
 Image Format Enumeration
 ========================

Documentation/userspace-api/media/v4l/func-close.rst

···
 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GFDL-1.1-no-invariants-or-later
+.. c:namespace:: V4L
 
 .. _func-close:
 
···
 
 v4l2-close - Close a V4L2 device
 
-
 Synopsis
 ========
 
···
 
     #include <unistd.h>
 
-
 .. c:function:: int close( int fd )
-    :name: v4l2-close
 
 Arguments
 =========
 
 ``fd``
-    File descriptor returned by :ref:`open() <func-open>`.
-
+    File descriptor returned by :c:func:`open()`.
 
 Description
 ===========
···
 associated with the file descriptor are freed. However data format
 parameters, current input or output, control values or other properties
 remain unchanged.
-
 
 Return Value
 ============

Documentation/userspace-api/media/v4l/func-ioctl.rst

···
 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GFDL-1.1-no-invariants-or-later
+.. c:namespace:: V4L
 
 .. _func-ioctl:
 
···
 
 v4l2-ioctl - Program a V4L2 device
 
-
 Synopsis
 ========
 
···
 
     #include <sys/ioctl.h>
 
-
-.. c:function:: int ioctl( int fd, int request, void *argp )
-    :name: v4l2-ioctl
+``int ioctl(int fd, int request, void *argp)``
 
 Arguments
 =========
 
 ``fd``
-    File descriptor returned by :ref:`open() <func-open>`.
+    File descriptor returned by :c:func:`open()`.
 
 ``request``
     V4L2 ioctl request code as defined in the ``videodev2.h`` header
···
 
 ``argp``
     Pointer to a function parameter, usually a structure.
-
 
 Description
 ===========
···
 include the version in the kernel sources on the system they compile on.
 All V4L2 ioctl requests, their respective function and parameters are
 specified in :ref:`user-func`.
-
 
 Return Value
 ============

Documentation/userspace-api/media/v4l/func-mmap.rst

···
 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GFDL-1.1-no-invariants-or-later
+.. c:namespace:: V4L
 
 .. _func-mmap:
 
···
 
 v4l2-mmap - Map device memory into application address space
 
-
 Synopsis
 ========
 
···
     #include <unistd.h>
     #include <sys/mman.h>
 
-
 .. c:function:: void *mmap( void *start, size_t length, int prot, int flags, int fd, off_t offset )
-    :name: v4l2-mmap
 
 Arguments
 =========
···
       #. The Linux ``videobuf`` kernel module, which is used by some
 	 drivers supports only ``PROT_READ`` | ``PROT_WRITE``. When the
 	 driver does not support the desired protection, the
-	 :ref:`mmap() <func-mmap>` function fails.
+	 :c:func:`mmap()` function fails.
 
       #. Device memory accesses (e. g. the memory on a graphics card
 	 with video capturing hardware) may incur a performance penalty
···
 
     ``MAP_FIXED`` requests that the driver selects no other address than
     the one specified. If the specified address cannot be used,
-    :ref:`mmap() <func-mmap>` will fail. If ``MAP_FIXED`` is specified,
+    :c:func:`mmap()` will fail. If ``MAP_FIXED`` is specified,
     ``start`` must be a multiple of the pagesize. Use of this option is
     discouraged.
 
···
        flags.
 
 ``fd``
-    File descriptor returned by :ref:`open() <func-open>`.
+    File descriptor returned by :c:func:`open()`.
 
 ``offset``
     Offset of the buffer in device memory. This must be the same value
···
     in the struct :c:type:`v4l2_plane` ``m`` union
     ``mem_offset`` field for the multi-planar API.
 
-
 Description
 ===========
 
-The :ref:`mmap() <func-mmap>` function asks to map ``length`` bytes starting at
+The :c:func:`mmap()` function asks to map ``length`` bytes starting at
 ``offset`` in the memory of the device specified by ``fd`` into the
 application address space, preferably at address ``start``. This latter
 address is a hint only, and is usually specified as 0.
···
 allocated with the :ref:`VIDIOC_REQBUFS` ioctl
 before they can be queried.
 
-To unmap buffers the :ref:`munmap() <func-munmap>` function is used.
-
+To unmap buffers the :c:func:`munmap()` function is used.
 
 Return Value
 ============
 
-On success :ref:`mmap() <func-mmap>` returns a pointer to the mapped buffer. On
+On success :c:func:`mmap()` returns a pointer to the mapped buffer. On
 error ``MAP_FAILED`` (-1) is returned, and the ``errno`` variable is set
 appropriately. Possible error codes are:
 

Documentation/userspace-api/media/v4l/func-munmap.rst

···
 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GFDL-1.1-no-invariants-or-later
+.. c:namespace:: V4L
 
 .. _func-munmap:
 
···
 
 v4l2-munmap - Unmap device memory
 
-
 Synopsis
 ========
 
···
     #include <unistd.h>
     #include <sys/mman.h>
 
-
 .. c:function:: int munmap( void *start, size_t length )
-    :name: v4l2-munmap
 
 Arguments
 =========
 
 ``start``
     Address of the mapped buffer as returned by the
-    :ref:`mmap() <func-mmap>` function.
+    :c:func:`mmap()` function.
 
 ``length``
     Length of the mapped buffer. This must be the same value as given to
-    :ref:`mmap() <func-mmap>` and returned by the driver in the struct
+    :c:func:`mmap()` and returned by the driver in the struct
     :c:type:`v4l2_buffer` ``length`` field for the
     single-planar API and in the struct
     :c:type:`v4l2_plane` ``length`` field for the
     multi-planar API.
 
-
 Description
 ===========
 
-Unmaps a previously with the :ref:`mmap() <func-mmap>` function mapped
+Unmaps a previously with the :c:func:`mmap()` function mapped
 buffer and frees it, if possible.
-
 
 Return Value
 ============
 
-On success :ref:`munmap() <func-munmap>` returns 0, on failure -1 and the
+On success :c:func:`munmap()` returns 0, on failure -1 and the
 ``errno`` variable is set appropriately:
 
 EINVAL

Documentation/userspace-api/media/v4l/func-open.rst

···
 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GFDL-1.1-no-invariants-or-later
+.. c:namespace:: V4L
 
 .. _func-open:
 
···
 
 v4l2-open - Open a V4L2 device
 
-
 Synopsis
 ========
 
···
 
     #include <fcntl.h>
 
-
 .. c:function:: int open( const char *device_name, int flags )
-    :name: v4l2-open
 
 Arguments
 =========
···
     technicality, input devices still support only reading and output
     devices only writing.
 
-    When the ``O_NONBLOCK`` flag is given, the :ref:`read() <func-read>`
+    When the ``O_NONBLOCK`` flag is given, the :c:func:`read()`
     function and the :ref:`VIDIOC_DQBUF <VIDIOC_QBUF>` ioctl will
     return the ``EAGAIN`` error code when no data is available or no
     buffer is in the driver outgoing queue, otherwise these functions
···
 
     Other flags have no effect.
 
-
 Description
 ===========
 
-To open a V4L2 device applications call :ref:`open() <func-open>` with the
+To open a V4L2 device applications call :c:func:`open()` with the
 desired device name. This function has no side effects; all data format
 parameters, current input or output, control values or other properties
-remain unchanged. At the first :ref:`open() <func-open>` call after loading the
+remain unchanged. At the first :c:func:`open()` call after loading the
 driver they will be reset to default values, drivers are never in an
 undefined state.
-
 
 Return Value
 ============
 
-On success :ref:`open() <func-open>` returns the new file descriptor. On error
+On success :c:func:`open()` returns the new file descriptor. On error
 -1 is returned, and the ``errno`` variable is set appropriately.
 Possible error codes are:
 

Documentation/userspace-api/media/v4l/func-poll.rst

···
 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GFDL-1.1-no-invariants-or-later
+.. c:namespace:: V4L
 
 .. _func-poll:
 
···
 
 v4l2-poll - Wait for some event on a file descriptor
 
-
 Synopsis
 ========
 
···
 
     #include <sys/poll.h>
 
-
 .. c:function:: int poll( struct pollfd *ufds, unsigned int nfds, int timeout )
-    :name: v4l2-poll
 
 Arguments
 =========
 
 
-
 Description
 ===========
 
-With the :ref:`poll() <func-poll>` function applications can suspend execution
+With the :c:func:`poll()` function applications can suspend execution
 until the driver has captured data or is ready to accept data for
 output.
 
···
 (capture) or the incoming queue isn't full (display) the function
 returns immediately.
 
-On success :ref:`poll() <func-poll>` returns the number of file descriptors
+On success :c:func:`poll()` returns the number of file descriptors
 that have been selected (that is, file descriptors for which the
-``revents`` field of the respective :c:func:`struct pollfd` structure
+``revents`` field of the respective ``struct pollfd`` structure
 is non-zero). Capture devices set the ``POLLIN`` and ``POLLRDNORM``
 flags in the ``revents`` field, output devices the ``POLLOUT`` and
 ``POLLWRNORM`` flags. When the function timed out it returns a value of
 zero, on failure it returns -1 and the ``errno`` variable is set
 appropriately. When the application did not call
-:ref:`VIDIOC_STREAMON <VIDIOC_STREAMON>` the :ref:`poll() <func-poll>`
+:ref:`VIDIOC_STREAMON <VIDIOC_STREAMON>` the :c:func:`poll()`
 function succeeds, but sets the ``POLLERR`` flag in the ``revents``
 field. When the application has called
 :ref:`VIDIOC_STREAMON <VIDIOC_STREAMON>` for a capture device but
 hasn't yet called :ref:`VIDIOC_QBUF <VIDIOC_QBUF>`, the
-:ref:`poll() <func-poll>` function succeeds and sets the ``POLLERR`` flag in
+:c:func:`poll()` function succeeds and sets the ``POLLERR`` flag in
 the ``revents`` field. For output devices this same situation will cause
-:ref:`poll() <func-poll>` to succeed as well, but it sets the ``POLLOUT`` and
+:c:func:`poll()` to succeed as well, but it sets the ``POLLOUT`` and
 ``POLLWRNORM`` flags in the ``revents`` field.
 
 If an event occurred (see :ref:`VIDIOC_DQEVENT`)
 then ``POLLPRI`` will be set in the ``revents`` field and
-:ref:`poll() <func-poll>` will return.
+:c:func:`poll()` will return.
 
-When use of the :ref:`read() <func-read>` function has been negotiated and the
-driver does not capture yet, the :ref:`poll() <func-poll>` function starts
+When use of the :c:func:`read()` function has been negotiated and the
+driver does not capture yet, the :c:func:`poll()` function starts
 capturing. When that fails it returns a ``POLLERR`` as above. Otherwise
 it waits until data has been captured and can be read. When the driver
 captures continuously (as opposed to, for example, still images) the
 function may return immediately.
 
-When use of the :ref:`write() <func-write>` function has been negotiated and the
-driver does not stream yet, the :ref:`poll() <func-poll>` function starts
+When use of the :c:func:`write()` function has been negotiated and the
+driver does not stream yet, the :c:func:`poll()` function starts
 streaming. When that fails it returns a ``POLLERR`` as above. Otherwise
 it waits until the driver is ready for a non-blocking
-:ref:`write() <func-write>` call.
+:c:func:`write()` call.
 
 If the caller is only interested in events (just ``POLLPRI`` is set in
-the ``events`` field), then :ref:`poll() <func-poll>` will *not* start
+the ``events`` field), then :c:func:`poll()` will *not* start
 streaming if the driver does not stream yet. This makes it possible to
 just poll for events and not for buffers.
 
-All drivers implementing the :ref:`read() <func-read>` or :ref:`write() <func-write>`
-function or streaming I/O must also support the :ref:`poll() <func-poll>`
+All drivers implementing the :c:func:`read()` or :c:func:`write()`
+function or streaming I/O must also support the :c:func:`poll()`
 function.
 
-For more details see the :ref:`poll() <func-poll>` manual page.
-
+For more details see the :c:func:`poll()` manual page.
 
 Return Value
 ============
 
-On success, :ref:`poll() <func-poll>` returns the number structures which have
+On success, :c:func:`poll()` returns the number structures which have
 non-zero ``revents`` fields, or zero if the call timed out. On error -1
 is returned, and the ``errno`` variable is set appropriately:
 

Documentation/userspace-api/media/v4l/func-read.rst

···
 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GFDL-1.1-no-invariants-or-later
+.. c:namespace:: V4L
 
 .. _func-read:
 
···
 
 v4l2-read - Read from a V4L2 device
 
-
 Synopsis
 ========
 
···
 
     #include <unistd.h>
 
-
 .. c:function:: ssize_t read( int fd, void *buf, size_t count )
-    :name: v4l2-read
 
 Arguments
 =========
 
 ``fd``
-    File descriptor returned by :ref:`open() <func-open>`.
+    File descriptor returned by :c:func:`open()`.
 
 ``buf``
    Buffer to be filled
···
 Description
 ===========
 
-:ref:`read() <func-read>` attempts to read up to ``count`` bytes from file
+:c:func:`read()` attempts to read up to ``count`` bytes from file
 descriptor ``fd`` into the buffer starting at ``buf``. The layout of the
 data in the buffer is discussed in the respective device interface
-section, see ##. If ``count`` is zero, :ref:`read() <func-read>` returns zero
+section, see ##. If ``count`` is zero, :c:func:`read()` returns zero
 and has no other results. If ``count`` is greater than ``SSIZE_MAX``,
 the result is unspecified. Regardless of the ``count`` value each
-:ref:`read() <func-read>` call will provide at most one frame (two fields)
+:c:func:`read()` call will provide at most one frame (two fields)
 worth of data.
 
-By default :ref:`read() <func-read>` blocks until data becomes available. When
-the ``O_NONBLOCK`` flag was given to the :ref:`open() <func-open>`
+By default :c:func:`read()` blocks until data becomes available. When
+the ``O_NONBLOCK`` flag was given to the :c:func:`open()`
 function it returns immediately with an ``EAGAIN`` error code when no data
-is available. The :ref:`select() <func-select>` or
-:ref:`poll() <func-poll>` functions can always be used to suspend
+is available. The :c:func:`select()` or
+:c:func:`poll()` functions can always be used to suspend
 execution until data becomes available. All drivers supporting the
-:ref:`read() <func-read>` function must also support :ref:`select() <func-select>` and
-:ref:`poll() <func-poll>`.
+:c:func:`read()` function must also support :c:func:`select()` and
+:c:func:`poll()`.
 
 Drivers can implement read functionality in different ways, using a
 single or multiple buffers and discarding the oldest or newest frames
 once the internal buffers are filled.
 
-:ref:`read() <func-read>` never returns a "snapshot" of a buffer being filled.
+:c:func:`read()` never returns a "snapshot" of a buffer being filled.
 Using a single buffer the driver will stop capturing when the
 application starts reading the buffer until the read is finished. Thus
 only the period of the vertical blanking interval is available for
 reading, or the capture rate must fall below the nominal frame rate of
 the video standard.
 
-The behavior of :ref:`read() <func-read>` when called during the active picture
+The behavior of :c:func:`read()` when called during the active picture
 period or the vertical blanking separating the top and bottom field
 depends on the discarding policy. A driver discarding the oldest frames
 keeps capturing into an internal buffer, continuously overwriting the
 previously, not read frame, and returns the frame being received at the
-time of the :ref:`read() <func-read>` call as soon as it is complete.
+time of the :c:func:`read()` call as soon as it is complete.
 
 A driver discarding the newest frames stops capturing until the next
-:ref:`read() <func-read>` call. The frame being received at :ref:`read() <func-read>`
+:c:func:`read()` call. The frame being received at :c:func:`read()`
 time is discarded, returning the following frame instead. Again this
 implies a reduction of the capture rate to one half or less of the
 nominal frame rate. An example of this model is the video read mode of
-the bttv driver, initiating a DMA to user memory when :ref:`read() <func-read>`
+the bttv driver, initiating a DMA to user memory when :c:func:`read()`
 is called and returning when the DMA finished.
 
 In the multiple buffer model drivers maintain a ring of internal
···
 however. The discarding policy is not reported and cannot be changed.
 For minimum requirements see :ref:`devices`.
 
-
 Return Value
 ============
 
 On success, the number of bytes read is returned. It is not an error if
 this number is smaller than the number of bytes requested, or the amount
 of data required for one frame. This may happen for example because
-:ref:`read() <func-read>` was interrupted by a signal. On error, -1 is
+:c:func:`read()` was interrupted by a signal. On error, -1 is
 returned, and the ``errno`` variable is set appropriately. In this case
 the next read will start at the beginning of a new frame. Possible error
 codes are:
···
     communicate with a remote device (USB camera etc.).
 
 EINVAL
-    The :ref:`read() <func-read>` function is not supported by this driver, not
+    The :c:func:`read()` function is not supported by this driver, not
     on this device, or generally not on this type of device.

Documentation/userspace-api/media/v4l/func-select.rst

···
 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GFDL-1.1-no-invariants-or-later
+.. c:namespace:: V4L
 
 .. _func-select:
 
···
 
 v4l2-select - Synchronous I/O multiplexing
 
-
 Synopsis
 ========
 
···
     #include <sys/types.h>
     #include <unistd.h>
 
-
 .. c:function:: int select( int nfds, fd_set *readfds, fd_set *writefds, fd_set *exceptfds, struct timeval *timeout )
-    :name: v4l2-select
 
 Arguments
 =========
···
 ``timeout``
   Maximum time to wait.
 
-
 Description
 ===========
 
-With the :ref:`select() <func-select>` function applications can suspend
+With the :c:func:`select()` function applications can suspend
 execution until the driver has captured data or is ready to accept data
 for output.
 
···
 :ref:`VIDIOC_DQBUF <VIDIOC_QBUF>` ioctl. When buffers are already in
 the outgoing queue of the driver the function returns immediately.
 
-On success :ref:`select() <func-select>` returns the total number of bits set in
-:c:func:`struct fd_set`. When the function timed out it returns
+On success :c:func:`select()` returns the total number of bits set in
+``fd_set``. When the function timed out it returns
 a value of zero. On failure it returns -1 and the ``errno`` variable is
 set appropriately. When the application did not call
 :ref:`VIDIOC_QBUF` or
-:ref:`VIDIOC_STREAMON` yet the :ref:`select() <func-select>`
+:ref:`VIDIOC_STREAMON` yet the :c:func:`select()`
 function succeeds, setting the bit of the file descriptor in ``readfds``
 or ``writefds``, but subsequent :ref:`VIDIOC_DQBUF <VIDIOC_QBUF>`
 calls will fail. [#f1]_
 
-When use of the :ref:`read() <func-read>` function has been negotiated and the
-driver does not capture yet, the :ref:`select() <func-select>` function starts
-capturing. When that fails, :ref:`select() <func-select>` returns successful and
-a subsequent :ref:`read() <func-read>` call, which also attempts to start
+When use of the :c:func:`read()` function has been negotiated and the
+driver does not capture yet, the :c:func:`select()` function starts
+capturing. When that fails, :c:func:`select()` returns successful and
+a subsequent :c:func:`read()` call, which also attempts to start
 capturing, will return an appropriate error code. When the driver
 captures continuously (as opposed to, for example, still images) and
-data is already available the :ref:`select() <func-select>` function returns
+data is already available the :c:func:`select()` function returns
 immediately.
 
-When use of the :ref:`write() <func-write>` function has been negotiated the
-:ref:`select() <func-select>` function just waits until the driver is ready for a
-non-blocking :ref:`write() <func-write>` call.
+When use of the :c:func:`write()` function has been negotiated the
+:c:func:`select()` function just waits until the driver is ready for a
+non-blocking :c:func:`write()` call.
 
-All drivers implementing the :ref:`read() <func-read>` or :ref:`write() <func-write>`
-function or streaming I/O must also support the :ref:`select() <func-select>`
+All drivers implementing the :c:func:`read()` or :c:func:`write()`
+function or streaming I/O must also support the :c:func:`select()`
 function.
 
-For more details see the :ref:`select() <func-select>` manual page.
-
+For more details see the :c:func:`select()` manual page.
 
 Return Value
 ============
 
-On success, :ref:`select() <func-select>` returns the number of descriptors
+On success, :c:func:`select()` returns the number of descriptors
 contained in the three returned descriptor sets, which will be zero if
 the timeout expired. On error -1 is returned, and the ``errno`` variable
 is set appropriately; the sets and ``timeout`` are undefined. Possible
···
     ``FD_SETSIZE``.
 
 .. [#f1]
-   The Linux kernel implements :ref:`select() <func-select>` like the
-   :ref:`poll() <func-poll>` function, but :ref:`select() <func-select>` cannot
+   The Linux kernel implements :c:func:`select()` like the
+   :c:func:`poll()` function, but :c:func:`select()` cannot
    return a ``POLLERR``.

Documentation/userspace-api/media/v4l/func-write.rst

···
 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GFDL-1.1-no-invariants-or-later
+.. c:namespace:: V4L
 
 .. _func-write:
 
···
 
 v4l2-write - Write to a V4L2 device
 
-
 Synopsis
 ========
 
···
 
     #include <unistd.h>
 
-
 .. c:function:: ssize_t write( int fd, void *buf, size_t count )
-    :name: v4l2-write
 
 Arguments
 =========
 
 ``fd``
-    File descriptor returned by :ref:`open() <func-open>`.
+    File descriptor returned by :c:func:`open()`.
 
 ``buf``
      Buffer with data to be written
···
 Description
 ===========
 
-:ref:`write() <func-write>` writes up to ``count`` bytes to the device
+:c:func:`write()` writes up to ``count`` bytes to the device
 referenced by the file descriptor ``fd`` from the buffer starting at
 ``buf``. When the hardware outputs are not active yet, this function
-enables them. When ``count`` is zero, :ref:`write() <func-write>` returns 0
+enables them. When ``count`` is zero, :c:func:`write()` returns 0
 without any other effect.
 
 When the application does not provide more data in time, the previous
 video frame, raw VBI image, sliced VPS or WSS data is displayed again.
 Sliced Teletext or Closed Caption data is not repeated, the driver
 inserts a blank line instead.
-
 
 Return Value
 ============
···
     I/O error. This indicates some hardware problem.
 
 EINVAL
-    The :ref:`write() <func-write>` function is not supported by this driver,
+    The :c:func:`write()` function is not supported by this driver,
     not on this device, or generally not on this type of device.

Documentation/userspace-api/media/v4l/hist-v4l2.rst

···
 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GFDL-1.1-no-invariants-or-later
+.. c:namespace:: V4L
 
 .. _hist-v4l2:
 
···
 another four years and two stable kernel releases until the new API was
 finally accepted for inclusion into the kernel in its present form.
 
-
 Early Versions
 ==============
 
 1998-08-20: First version.
 
-1998-08-27: The :ref:`select() <func-select>` function was introduced.
[phone]: The :c:func:`select()` function was introduced.
 
 1998-09-10: New video standard interface.
 
 1998-09-18: The ``VIDIOC_NONCAP`` ioctl was replaced by the otherwise
-meaningless ``O_TRUNC`` :ref:`open() <func-open>` flag, and the
+meaningless ``O_TRUNC`` :c:func:`open()` flag, and the
 aliases ``O_NONCAP`` and ``O_NOIO`` were defined. Applications can set
 this flag if they intend to access controls only, as opposed to capture
 applications which need exclusive access. The ``VIDEO_STD_XXX``
···
 
 1999-01-19: The ``VIDIOC_NEXTBUF`` ioctl was removed.
 
-
 V4L2 Version 0.16 1999-01-31
 ============================
 
···
 are gone. VIDIOC_QBUF takes a v4l2_buffer as a parameter. Added
 digital zoom (cropping) controls.
 
-
 V4L2 Version 0.18 1999-03-16
 ============================
 
 Added a v4l to V4L2 ioctl compatibility layer to videodev.c. Driver
 writers, this changes how you implement your ioctl handler. See the
 Driver Writer's Guide. Added some more control id codes.
-
 
 V4L2 Version 0.19 1999-06-05
 ============================
···
 
 1999-06-05: Changed the value of V4L2_CID_WHITENESS.
 
-
 V4L2 Version 0.20 (1999-09-10)
 ==============================
 
···
    VIDIOC_STREAMON, VIDIOC_STREAMOFF, VIDIOC_S_FREQ,
    VIDIOC_S_INPUT, VIDIOC_S_OUTPUT, VIDIOC_S_EFFECT. For example
 
-
    .. code-block:: c
 
        err = ioctl (fd, VIDIOC_XXX, V4L2_XXX);
 
    becomes
-
 
    .. code-block:: c
 
···
 8. A ``sequence`` field was added to struct v4l2_buffer. The ``sequence``
    field counts captured frames, it is ignored by output devices. When a
    capture driver drops a frame, the sequence number of that frame is skipped.
-
 
 V4L2 Version 0.20 incremental changes
 =====================================
···
    were added. The former is an alias for the old ``V4L2_TYPE_VBI``, the
    latter was missing in the ``videodev.h`` file.
 
-
 V4L2 Version 0.20 2002-07-25
 ============================
 
 Added sliced VBI interface proposal.
-
 
 V4L2 in Linux 2.5.46, 2002-10
 =============================
···
 1.  As specified in :ref:`related`, drivers must make related device
     functions available under all minor device numbers.
 
-2.  The :ref:`open() <func-open>` function requires access mode
+2.  The :c:func:`open()` function requires access mode
     ``O_RDWR`` regardless of the device type. All V4L2 drivers
     exchanging data with applications must support the ``O_NONBLOCK``
     flag. The ``O_NOIO`` flag, a V4L2 symbol which aliased the
···
     and ``VIDIOC_S_WIN`` ioctls to prepare for a video overlay were
     removed. The ``type`` field changed to type enum v4l2_buf_type and
     the buffer type names changed as follows.
-
 
 
     .. flat-table::
···
     V4L2 documentation was inaccurate, this has been corrected in
     :ref:`pixfmt`.
 
-
 V4L2 2003-06-19
 ===============
 
···
    Kernel 2.6.39. Drivers and applications assuming a constant parameter
    need an update.
 
-
 V4L2 2003-11-05
 ===============
 
 1. In :ref:`pixfmt-rgb` the following pixel formats were incorrectly
    transferred from Bill Dirks' V4L2 specification. Descriptions below
    refer to bytes in memory, in ascending address order.
-
 
 
    .. flat-table::
···
 	 - R, G, B, X
 	 - B, G, R, X
 
-
    The ``V4L2_PIX_FMT_BGR24`` example was always correct.
 
    In :ref:`v4l-image-properties` the mapping of the V4L
···
    RGB pixel formats differently. These issues have yet to be addressed,
    for details see :ref:`pixfmt-rgb`.
 
-
 V4L2 in Linux 2.6.6, 2004-05-09
 ===============================
 
···
    defined with read-only parameter. It is now defined as write-read
    ioctl, while the read-only version was renamed to
    ``VIDIOC_CROPCAP_OLD``. The old ioctl was removed on Kernel 2.6.39.
-
 
 V4L2 in Linux 2.6.8
 ===================
···
    with the video capturing process. This function must be enabled with
    the new ``V4L2_BUF_FLAG_INPUT`` flag. The ``flags`` field is no
    longer read-only.
-
 
 V4L2 spec erratum 2004-08-01
 ============================
···
    also missing from examples. Also on the ``VIDIOC_DQBUF`` page the ``EIO``
    error code was not documented.
 
-
 V4L2 in Linux 2.6.14
 ====================
 
 1. A new sliced VBI interface was added. It is documented in
    :ref:`sliced` and replaces the interface first proposed in V4L2
    specification 0.8.
-
 
 V4L2 in Linux 2.6.15
 ====================
···
    ``VIDIOC_G_MPEGCOMP`` and ``VIDIOC_S_MPEGCOMP`` ioctls where removed
    in Linux 2.6.25.)
 
-
 V4L2 spec erratum 2005-11-27
 ============================
 
···
 cropping is supported. In the video standard selection example in
 :ref:`standard` the :ref:`VIDIOC_S_STD <VIDIOC_G_STD>` call used
 the wrong argument type.
-
 
 V4L2 spec erratum 2006-01-10
 ============================
···
    write-only as stated on its reference page. The ioctl changed in 2003
    as noted above.
 
-
 V4L2 spec erratum 2006-02-03
 ============================
 
 1. In struct v4l2_captureparm and struct v4l2_outputparm the ``timeperframe``
    field gives the time in seconds, not microseconds.
-
 
 V4L2 spec erratum 2006-02-04
 ============================
···
    languages of a bilingual program. The use of
    ``V4L2_TUNER_MODE_STEREO`` for this purpose is deprecated now. See
    the :ref:`VIDIOC_G_TUNER <VIDIOC_G_TUNER>` section for details.
-
 
 V4L2 spec erratum 2006-09-23 (Draft 0.15)
 =========================================
···
    extended from 224-239 to 224-255. Accordingly device file names
    ``/dev/vbi0`` to ``/dev/vbi31`` are possible now.
 
-
 V4L2 in Linux 2.6.18
 ====================
 
···
    ``V4L2_CTRL_FLAG_READ_ONLY``, ``V4L2_CTRL_FLAG_UPDATE``,
    ``V4L2_CTRL_FLAG_INACTIVE`` and ``V4L2_CTRL_FLAG_SLIDER``
    (:ref:`control-flags`). See :ref:`extended-controls` for details.
-
 
 V4L2 in Linux 2.6.19
 ====================
···
 3. A new pixel format ``V4L2_PIX_FMT_RGB444`` (:ref:`pixfmt-rgb`) was
    added.
 
-
 V4L2 spec erratum 2006-10-12 (Draft 0.17)
 =========================================
 
 1. ``V4L2_PIX_FMT_HM12`` (:ref:`reserved-formats`) is a YUV 4:2:0, not
    4:2:2 format.
-
 
 V4L2 in Linux 2.6.21
 ====================
···
 1. The ``videodev2.h`` header file is now dual licensed under GNU
    General Public License version two or later, and under a 3-clause
    BSD-style license.
-
 
 V4L2 in Linux 2.6.22
 ====================
···
    This may **break compatibility** with existing applications. Drivers
    supporting the "host order RGB32" format are not known.
 
-
 V4L2 in Linux 2.6.24
 ====================
 
 1. The pixel formats ``V4L2_PIX_FMT_PAL8``, ``V4L2_PIX_FMT_YUV444``,
    ``V4L2_PIX_FMT_YUV555``, ``V4L2_PIX_FMT_YUV565`` and
    ``V4L2_PIX_FMT_YUV32`` were added.
-
 
 V4L2 in Linux 2.6.25
 ====================
···
    interface in Linux 2.6.18, where finally removed from the
    ``videodev2.h`` header file.
 
-
 V4L2 in Linux 2.6.26
 ====================
 
···
 
 2. Added user controls ``V4L2_CID_CHROMA_AGC`` and
    ``V4L2_CID_COLOR_KILLER``.
-
 
 V4L2 in Linux 2.6.27
 ====================
···
    ``V4L2_PIX_FMT_PCA561``, ``V4L2_PIX_FMT_SGBRG8``,
    ``V4L2_PIX_FMT_PAC207`` and ``V4L2_PIX_FMT_PJPG`` were added.
 
-
 V4L2 in Linux 2.6.28
 ====================
 
···
 
 3. The pixel formats ``V4L2_PIX_FMT_SGRBG10`` and
    ``V4L2_PIX_FMT_SGRBG10DPCM8`` were added.
-
 
 V4L2 in Linux 2.6.29
 ====================
···
    ``V4L2_CID_ZOOM_RELATIVE``, ``V4L2_CID_ZOOM_CONTINUOUS`` and
    ``V4L2_CID_PRIVACY``.
 
-
 V4L2 in Linux 2.6.30
 ====================
 
 1. New control flag ``V4L2_CTRL_FLAG_WRITE_ONLY`` was added.
 
 2. New control ``V4L2_CID_COLORFX`` was added.
-
 
 V4L2 in Linux 2.6.32
 ====================
···
 9. Added Remote Controller chapter, describing the default Remote
    Controller mapping for media devices.
 
-
 V4L2 in Linux 2.6.33
 ====================
 
 1. Added support for Digital Video timings in order to support HDTV
    receivers and transmitters.
 
-
 V4L2 in Linux 2.6.34
 ====================
 
 1. Added ``V4L2_CID_IRIS_ABSOLUTE`` and ``V4L2_CID_IRIS_RELATIVE``
    controls to the :ref:`Camera controls class <camera-controls>`.
-
 
 V4L2 in Linux 2.6.37
 ====================
···
    applications found that used it. It was originally scheduled for
    removal in 2.6.35.
 
-
 V4L2 in Linux 2.6.39
 ====================
 
···
 2. Multi-planar API added. Does not affect the compatibility of current
    drivers and applications. See :ref:`multi-planar API <planar-apis>`
    for details.
-
 
 V4L2 in Linux 3.1
 =================
···
 
    Added V4L2_CTRL_TYPE_BITMASK.
 
-
 V4L2 in Linux 3.2
 =================
 
···
    Does not affect the compatibility of current drivers and
    applications. See :ref:`selection API <selection-api>` for details.
 
-
 V4L2 in Linux 3.3
 =================
 
···
 
 2. Added the device_caps field to struct v4l2_capabilities and added
    the new V4L2_CAP_DEVICE_CAPS capability.
-
 
 V4L2 in Linux 3.4
 =================
···
    :ref:`VIDIOC_ENUM_DV_TIMINGS`,
    :ref:`VIDIOC_QUERY_DV_TIMINGS` and
    :ref:`VIDIOC_DV_TIMINGS_CAP`.
-
 
 V4L2 in Linux 3.5
 =================
···
    ``V4L2_CID_AUTO_FOCUS_START``, ``V4L2_CID_AUTO_FOCUS_STOP``,
    ``V4L2_CID_AUTO_FOCUS_STATUS`` and ``V4L2_CID_AUTO_FOCUS_RANGE``.
 
-
 V4L2 in Linux 3.6
 =================
 
···
 3. Added support for frequency band enumerations:
    :ref:`VIDIOC_ENUM_FREQ_BANDS`.
 
-
 V4L2 in Linux 3.9
 =================
 
···
 
 2. Added ``V4L2_EVENT_CTRL_CH_RANGE`` control event changes flag. See
    :ref:`ctrl-changes-flags`.
-
 
 V4L2 in Linux 3.10
 ==================
···
 2. Added new debugging ioctl
    :ref:`VIDIOC_DBG_G_CHIP_INFO`.
 
-
 V4L2 in Linux 3.11
 ==================
 
 1. Remove obsolete ``VIDIOC_DBG_G_CHIP_IDENT`` ioctl.
-
 
 V4L2 in Linux 3.14
 ==================
···
 1. In struct v4l2_rect, the type of ``width`` and
    ``height`` fields changed from _s32 to _u32.
 
-
 V4L2 in Linux 3.15
 ==================
 
 1. Added Software Defined Radio (SDR) Interface.
 
-
 V4L2 in Linux 3.16
 ==================
 
 1. Added event V4L2_EVENT_SOURCE_CHANGE.
-
 
 V4L2 in Linux 3.17
 ==================
···
 2. Added compound control types and
    :ref:`VIDIOC_QUERY_EXT_CTRL <VIDIOC_QUERYCTRL>`.
 
-
 V4L2 in Linux 3.18
 ==================
 
 1. Added ``V4L2_CID_PAN_SPEED`` and ``V4L2_CID_TILT_SPEED`` camera
    controls.
-
 
 V4L2 in Linux 3.19
 ==================
···
 
 3. Added transmitter support for Software Defined Radio (SDR) Interface.
 
-
 .. _other:
 
 Relation of V4L2 to other Linux multimedia APIs
 ===============================================
-
 
 .. _xvideo:
 
···
 an interface to MPEG-2 decoding hardware. This API is useful to display
 images captured with V4L2 devices.
 
-
 Digital Video
 -------------
 
···
 DVB API has no connection to the V4L2 API except that drivers for hybrid
 hardware may support both.
 
-
 Audio Interfaces
 ----------------
 
 [to do - OSS/ALSA]
-
 
 .. _experimental:
 
···
    :ref:`VIDIOC_DBG_S_REGISTER <VIDIOC_DBG_G_REGISTER>` ioctls.
 
 -  :ref:`VIDIOC_DBG_G_CHIP_INFO` ioctl.
-
 
 .. _obsolete:
 

Documentation/userspace-api/media/v4l/io.rst

···
 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GFDL-1.1-no-invariants-or-later
+.. c:namespace:: V4L
 
 .. _io:
 
···
 a device. All drivers exchanging data with applications must support at
 least one of them.
 
-The classic I/O method using the :ref:`read() <func-read>` and
-:ref:`write() <func-write>` function is automatically selected after opening a
+The classic I/O method using the :c:func:`read()` and
+:c:func:`write()` function is automatically selected after opening a
 V4L2 device. When the driver does not support this method attempts to
 read or write will fail at any time.
 
···
 closing and reopening the device.
 
 The following sections describe the various I/O methods in more detail.
-
 
 .. toctree::
     :maxdepth: 1

Documentation/userspace-api/media/v4l/libv4l-introduction.rst

···
 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GFDL-1.1-no-invariants-or-later
+.. c:namespace:: V4L
 
 .. _libv4l-introduction:
 
···
 :ref:`v4l2grab <v4l2grab-example>`.
 
 libv4l consists of 3 different libraries:
-
 
 libv4lconvert
 =============
···
 libv4lconvert/processing offers the actual video processing
 functionality.
 
-
 libv4l1
 =======
 
···
 
 Since those functions are emulations of the old V4L1 API, it shouldn't
 be used for new applications.
-
 
 libv4l2
 =======
···
 keeps enumerating the hardware supported formats, plus the emulated
 formats offered by libv4l at the end.
 
-
 .. _libv4l-ops:
 
 Libv4l device control functions
···
 
 Those functions operate just like the gcc function ``dup()`` and
 V4L2 functions
-:c:func:`open() <v4l2-open>`, :c:func:`close() <v4l2-close>`,
-:c:func:`ioctl() <v4l2-ioctl>`, :c:func:`read() <v4l2-read>`,
-:c:func:`mmap() <v4l2-mmap>` and :c:func:`munmap() <v4l2-munmap>`:
+:c:func:`open()`, :c:func:`close()`,
+:c:func:`ioctl()`, :c:func:`read()`,
+:c:func:`mmap()` and :c:func:`munmap()`:
 
 .. c:function:: int v4l2_open(const char *file, int oflag, ...)
 
-   operates like the :c:func:`open() <v4l2-open>` function.
+   operates like the :c:func:`open()` function.
 
 .. c:function:: int v4l2_close(int fd)
 
-   operates like the :c:func:`close() <v4l2-close>` function.
+   operates like the :c:func:`close()` function.
 
 .. c:function:: int v4l2_dup(int fd)
 
···
 
 .. c:function:: int v4l2_ioctl (int fd, unsigned long int request, ...)
 
-   operates like the :c:func:`ioctl() <v4l2-ioctl>` function.
+   operates like the :c:func:`ioctl()` function.
 
 .. c:function:: int v4l2_read (int fd, void* buffer, size_t n)
 
-   operates like the :c:func:`read() <v4l2-read>` function.
+   operates like the :c:func:`read()` function.
 
 .. c:function:: void v4l2_mmap(void *start, size_t length, int prot, int flags, int fd, int64_t offset);
 
-   operates like the :c:func:`munmap() <v4l2-munmap>` function.
+   operates like the :c:func:`munmap()` function.
 
 .. c:function:: int v4l2_munmap(void *_start, size_t length);
 
-   operates like the :c:func:`munmap() <v4l2-munmap>` function.
+   operates like the :c:func:`munmap()` function.
 
 Those functions provide additional control:
 
···
    of the given v4l control id. when the cid does not exist, could not be
    accessed for some reason, or some error occurred 0 is returned.
 
-
 v4l1compat.so wrapper library
 =============================
 
 This library intercepts calls to
-:c:func:`open() <v4l2-open>`, :c:func:`close() <v4l2-close>`,
-:c:func:`ioctl() <v4l2-ioctl>`, :c:func:`mmap() <v4l2-mmap>` and
-:c:func:`munmap() <v4l2-munmap>`
+:c:func:`open()`, :c:func:`close()`,
+:c:func:`ioctl()`, :c:func:`mmap()` and
+:c:func:`munmap()`
 operations and redirects them to the libv4l counterparts, by using
 ``LD_PRELOAD=/usr/lib/v4l1compat.so``. It also emulates V4L1 calls via V4L2
 API.

Documentation/userspace-api/media/v4l/mmap.rst

···
 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GFDL-1.1-no-invariants-or-later
+.. c:namespace:: V4L
 
 .. _mmap:
 
···
 the allocated memory, provided none of the buffers are still mapped.
 
 Before applications can access the buffers they must map them into their
-address space with the :ref:`mmap() <func-mmap>` function. The
+address space with the :c:func:`mmap()` function. The
 location of the buffers in device memory can be determined with the
 :ref:`VIDIOC_QUERYBUF` ioctl. In the single-planar
 API case, the ``m.offset`` and ``length`` returned in a struct
 :c:type:`v4l2_buffer` are passed as sixth and second
-parameter to the :ref:`mmap() <func-mmap>` function. When using the
+parameter to the :c:func:`mmap()` function. When using the
 multi-planar API, struct :c:type:`v4l2_buffer` contains an
 array of struct :c:type:`v4l2_plane` structures, each
 containing its own ``m.offset`` and ``length``. When using the
 multi-planar API, every plane of every buffer has to be mapped
-separately, so the number of calls to :ref:`mmap() <func-mmap>` should
+separately, so the number of calls to :c:func:`mmap()` should
 be equal to number of buffers times number of planes in each buffer. The
 offset and length values must not be modified. Remember, the buffers are
 allocated in physical memory, as opposed to virtual memory, which can be
 swapped out to disk. Applications should free the buffers as soon as
-possible with the :ref:`munmap() <func-munmap>` function.
+possible with the :c:func:`munmap()` function.
 
 Example: Mapping buffers in the single-planar API
 =================================================
···
 
     for (i = 0; i < reqbuf.count; i++)
 	munmap(buffers[i].start, buffers[i].length);
-
 
 Example: Mapping buffers in the multi-planar API
 ================================================
···
 methods exist to suspend execution of the application until one or more
 buffers can be dequeued.  By default :ref:`VIDIOC_DQBUF <VIDIOC_QBUF>`
 blocks when no buffer is in the outgoing queue. When the ``O_NONBLOCK``
-flag was given to the :ref:`open() <func-open>` function,
+flag was given to the :c:func:`open()` function,
 :ref:`VIDIOC_DQBUF <VIDIOC_QBUF>` returns immediately with an ``EAGAIN``
-error code when no buffer is available. The :ref:`select() <func-select>`
-or :ref:`poll() <func-poll>` functions are always available.
+error code when no buffer is available. The :c:func:`select()`
+or :c:func:`poll()` functions are always available.
 
 To start and stop capturing or output applications call the
 :ref:`VIDIOC_STREAMON <VIDIOC_STREAMON>` and :ref:`VIDIOC_STREAMOFF
···
 <VIDIOC_QUERYBUF>`, :ref:`VIDIOC_QBUF <VIDIOC_QBUF>`, :ref:`VIDIOC_DQBUF
 <VIDIOC_QBUF>`, :ref:`VIDIOC_STREAMON <VIDIOC_STREAMON>`
 and :ref:`VIDIOC_STREAMOFF <VIDIOC_STREAMON>` ioctls, the :ref:`mmap()
-<func-mmap>`, :ref:`munmap() <func-munmap>`, :ref:`select()
-<func-select>` and :ref:`poll() <func-poll>` function. [#f3]_
+<func-mmap>`, :c:func:`munmap()`, :ref:`select()
+<func-select>` and :c:func:`poll()` function. [#f3]_
 
 [capture example]
 
 .. [#f1]
    One could use one file descriptor and set the buffer type field
    accordingly when calling :ref:`VIDIOC_QBUF` etc.,
-   but it makes the :ref:`select() <func-select>` function ambiguous. We also
+   but it makes the :c:func:`select()` function ambiguous. We also
    like the clean approach of one file descriptor per logical stream.
    Video overlay for example is also a logical stream, although the CPU
    is not needed for continuous operation.
···
    scatter-gather lists and the like.
 
 .. [#f3]
-   At the driver level :ref:`select() <func-select>` and :ref:`poll() <func-poll>` are
-   the same, and :ref:`select() <func-select>` is too important to be optional.
+   At the driver level :c:func:`select()` and :c:func:`poll()` are
+   the same, and :c:func:`select()` is too important to be optional.
    The rest should be evident.

Documentation/userspace-api/media/v4l/open.rst

···
 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GFDL-1.1-no-invariants-or-later
+.. c:namespace:: V4L
 
 .. _open:
 
···
 drivers. The user must enter a device name, or the application can try
 the conventional device names.
 
-
 .. _related:
 
 Related Devices
···
 support it and if they did it was certainly never tested. In addition,
 switching a device node between different functions only works when
 using the streaming I/O API, not with the
-:ref:`read() <func-read>`/\ :ref:`write() <func-write>` API.
+:c:func:`read()`/\ :c:func:`write()` API.
 
 Today each V4L2 device node supports just one function.
 
···
 linux-media mailing list:
 `https://linuxtv.org/lists.php <https://linuxtv.org/lists.php>`__.
 
-
 Multiple Opens
 ==============
 
···
 Once an application has allocated the memory buffers needed for
 streaming data (by calling the :ref:`VIDIOC_REQBUFS`
 or :ref:`VIDIOC_CREATE_BUFS` ioctls, or
-implicitly by calling the :ref:`read() <func-read>` or
-:ref:`write() <func-write>` functions) that application (filehandle)
+implicitly by calling the :c:func:`read()` or
+:c:func:`write()` functions) that application (filehandle)
 becomes the owner of the device. It is no longer allowed to make changes
 that would affect the buffer sizes (e.g. by calling the
 :ref:`VIDIOC_S_FMT <VIDIOC_G_FMT>` ioctl) and other applications are
···
 descriptor. Applications can request additional access privileges using
 the priority mechanism described in :ref:`app-pri`.
 
-
 Shared Data Streams
 ===================
 
···
 or similar means. This is better handled by a proxy application in user
 space.
 
-
 Functions
 =========
 
 To open and close V4L2 devices applications use the
-:ref:`open() <func-open>` and :ref:`close() <func-close>` function,
+:c:func:`open()` and :c:func:`close()` function,
 respectively. Devices are programmed using the
 :ref:`ioctl() <func-ioctl>` function as explained in the following
 sections.
···
 .. [#f1]
    There are still some old and obscure drivers that have not been
    updated to allow for multiple opens. This implies that for such
-   drivers :ref:`open() <func-open>` can return an ``EBUSY`` error code
+   drivers :c:func:`open()` can return an ``EBUSY`` error code
    when the device is already in use.
 
 .. [#f2]

Documentation/userspace-api/media/v4l/rw.rst

···
 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GFDL-1.1-no-invariants-or-later
+.. c:namespace:: V4L
 
 .. _rw:
 
···
 Read/Write
 **********
 
-Input and output devices support the :ref:`read() <func-read>` and
-:ref:`write() <func-write>` function, respectively, when the
+Input and output devices support the :c:func:`read()` and
+:c:func:`write()` function, respectively, when the
 ``V4L2_CAP_READWRITE`` flag in the ``capabilities`` field of struct
 :c:type:`v4l2_capability` returned by the
 :ref:`VIDIOC_QUERYCAP` ioctl is set.
···
 setup to exchange data. It permits command line stunts like this (the
 vidctrl tool is fictitious):
 
-
 .. code-block:: none
 
     $ vidctrl /dev/video --input=0 --format=YUYV --size=352x288
     $ dd if=/dev/video of=myimage.422 bs=202752 count=1
 
-To read from the device applications use the :ref:`read() <func-read>`
-function, to write the :ref:`write() <func-write>` function. Drivers
+To read from the device applications use the :c:func:`read()`
+function, to write the :c:func:`write()` function. Drivers
 must implement one I/O method if they exchange data with applications,
 but it need not be this. [#f1]_ When reading or writing is supported, the
-driver must also support the :ref:`select() <func-select>` and
-:ref:`poll() <func-poll>` function. [#f2]_
+driver must also support the :c:func:`select()` and
+:c:func:`poll()` function. [#f2]_
 
 .. [#f1]
    It would be desirable if applications could depend on drivers
···
    capturing still images.
 
 .. [#f2]
-   At the driver level :ref:`select() <func-select>` and :ref:`poll() <func-poll>` are
-   the same, and :ref:`select() <func-select>` is too important to be optional.
+   At the driver level :c:func:`select()` and :c:func:`poll()` are
+   the same, and :c:func:`select()` is too important to be optional.

Documentation/userspace-api/media/v4l/streaming-par.rst

···
 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GFDL-1.1-no-invariants-or-later
+.. c:namespace:: V4L
 
 .. _streaming-par:
 
···
 second. If less than this number of frames is to be captured or output,
 applications can request frame skipping or duplicating on the driver
 side. This is especially useful when using the
-:ref:`read() <func-read>` or :ref:`write() <func-write>`, which are
+:c:func:`read()` or :c:func:`write()`, which are
 not augmented by timestamps or sequence counters, and to avoid
 unnecessary data copying.
 
 Finally these ioctls can be used to determine the number of buffers used
 internally by a driver in read/write mode. For implications see the
-section discussing the :ref:`read() <func-read>` function.
+section discussing the :c:func:`read()` function.
 
 To get and set the streaming parameters applications call the
 :ref:`VIDIOC_G_PARM <VIDIOC_G_PARM>` and

Documentation/userspace-api/media/v4l/userp.rst

···
 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GFDL-1.1-no-invariants-or-later
+.. c:namespace:: V4L
 
 .. _userp:
 
···
 Two methods exist to suspend execution of the application until one or
 more buffers can be dequeued. By default :ref:`VIDIOC_DQBUF
 <VIDIOC_QBUF>` blocks when no buffer is in the outgoing queue. When the
-``O_NONBLOCK`` flag was given to the :ref:`open() <func-open>` function,
+``O_NONBLOCK`` flag was given to the :c:func:`open()` function,
 :ref:`VIDIOC_DQBUF <VIDIOC_QBUF>` returns immediately with an ``EAGAIN``
 error code when no buffer is available. The :ref:`select()
-<func-select>` or :ref:`poll() <func-poll>` function are always
+<func-select>` or :c:func:`poll()` function are always
 available.
 
 To start and stop capturing or output applications call the
···
 :ref:`VIDIOC_REQBUFS <VIDIOC_REQBUFS>`, :ref:`VIDIOC_QBUF <VIDIOC_QBUF>`,
 :ref:`VIDIOC_DQBUF <VIDIOC_QBUF>`, :ref:`VIDIOC_STREAMON <VIDIOC_STREAMON>`
 and :ref:`VIDIOC_STREAMOFF <VIDIOC_STREAMON>` ioctls, the
-:ref:`select() <func-select>` and :ref:`poll() <func-poll>` function. [#f2]_
+:c:func:`select()` and :c:func:`poll()` function. [#f2]_
 
 .. [#f1]
    We expect that frequently used buffers are typically not swapped out.
···
    because an application may share them with other processes.
 
 .. [#f2]
-   At the driver level :ref:`select() <func-select>` and :ref:`poll() <func-poll>` are
-   the same, and :ref:`select() <func-select>` is too important to be optional.
+   At the driver level :c:func:`select()` and :c:func:`poll()` are
+   the same, and :c:func:`select()` is too important to be optional.
    The rest should be evident.

Documentation/userspace-api/media/v4l/vidioc-create-bufs.rst

···
 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GFDL-1.1-no-invariants-or-later
+.. c:namespace:: V4L
 
 .. _VIDIOC_CREATE_BUFS:
 
···
 
 VIDIOC_CREATE_BUFS - Create buffers for Memory Mapped or User Pointer or DMA Buffer I/O
 
-
 Synopsis
 ========
 
-.. c:function:: int ioctl( int fd, VIDIOC_CREATE_BUFS, struct v4l2_create_buffers *argp )
-    :name: VIDIOC_CREATE_BUFS
+.. c:macro:: VIDIOC_CREATE_BUFS
 
+``int ioctl(int fd, VIDIOC_CREATE_BUFS, struct v4l2_create_buffers *argp)``
 
 Arguments
 =========
 
 ``fd``
-    File descriptor returned by :ref:`open() <func-open>`.
+    File descriptor returned by :c:func:`open()`.
 
 ``argp``
     Pointer to struct :c:type:`v4l2_create_buffers`.
-
 
 Description
 ===========
···
 the actual number allocated and the starting index in the ``count`` and
 the ``index`` fields respectively. On return ``count`` can be smaller
 than the number requested.
-
 
 .. c:type:: v4l2_create_buffers
 
···
       - ``reserved``\ [7]
       - A place holder for future extensions. Drivers and applications
 	must set the array to zero.
-
 
 Return Value
 ============

Documentation/userspace-api/media/v4l/vidioc-cropcap.rst

···
 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GFDL-1.1-no-invariants-or-later
+.. c:namespace:: V4L
 
 .. _VIDIOC_CROPCAP:
 
···
 
 VIDIOC_CROPCAP - Information about the video cropping and scaling abilities
 
-
 Synopsis
 ========
 
-.. c:function:: int ioctl( int fd, VIDIOC_CROPCAP, struct v4l2_cropcap *argp )
-    :name: VIDIOC_CROPCAP
+.. c:macro:: VIDIOC_CROPCAP
 
+``int ioctl(int fd, VIDIOC_CROPCAP, struct v4l2_cropcap *argp)``
 
 Arguments
 =========
 
 ``fd``
-    File descriptor returned by :ref:`open() <func-open>`.
+    File descriptor returned by :c:func:`open()`.
 
 ``argp``
     Pointer to struct :c:type:`v4l2_cropcap`.
-
 
 Description
 ===========
···
    Starting with kernel 4.13 both variations are allowed.
 
 
-
 .. _v4l2-rect-crop:
 
 .. tabularcolumns:: |p{4.4cm}|p{4.4cm}|p{8.7cm}|
···
     * - __u32
       - ``height``
       - Height of the rectangle, in pixels.
-
 
 Return Value
 ============

Documentation/userspace-api/media/v4l/vidioc-dbg-g-chip-info.rst

···
 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GFDL-1.1-no-invariants-or-later
+.. c:namespace:: V4L
 
 .. _VIDIOC_DBG_G_CHIP_INFO:
 
···
 
 VIDIOC_DBG_G_CHIP_INFO - Identify the chips on a TV card
 
-
 Synopsis
 ========
 
-.. c:function:: int ioctl( int fd, VIDIOC_DBG_G_CHIP_INFO, struct v4l2_dbg_chip_info *argp )
-    :name: VIDIOC_DBG_G_CHIP_INFO
+.. c:macro:: VIDIOC_DBG_G_CHIP_INFO
 
+``int ioctl(int fd, VIDIOC_DBG_G_CHIP_INFO, struct v4l2_dbg_chip_info *argp)``
 
 Arguments
 =========
 
 ``fd``
-    File descriptor returned by :ref:`open() <func-open>`.
+    File descriptor returned by :c:func:`open()`.
 
 ``argp``
     Pointer to struct :c:type:`v4l2_dbg_chip_info`.
-
 
 Description
 ===========
···
 `https://linuxtv.org/repo/ <https://linuxtv.org/repo/>`__ for access
 instructions.
 
-
 .. tabularcolumns:: |p{3.5cm}|p{3.5cm}|p{3.5cm}|p{7.0cm}|
 
 .. _name-v4l2-dbg-match:
···
 	field. Currently unused.
     * - }
       -
-
 
 
 .. tabularcolumns:: |p{4.4cm}|p{4.4cm}|p{8.7cm}|
···
       - Reserved fields, both application and driver must set these to 0.
 
 
-
 .. tabularcolumns:: |p{6.6cm}|p{2.2cm}|p{8.7cm}|
 
 .. _name-chip-match-types:
···
     * - ``V4L2_CHIP_MATCH_SUBDEV``
       - 4
       - Match the nth sub-device.
-
 
 Return Value
 ============

Documentation/userspace-api/media/v4l/vidioc-dbg-g-register.rst

···
 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GFDL-1.1-no-invariants-or-later
+.. c:namespace:: V4L
 
 .. _VIDIOC_DBG_G_REGISTER:
 
···
 
 VIDIOC_DBG_G_REGISTER - VIDIOC_DBG_S_REGISTER - Read or write hardware registers
 
-
 Synopsis
 ========
 
-.. c:function:: int ioctl( int fd, VIDIOC_DBG_G_REGISTER, struct v4l2_dbg_register *argp )
-    :name: VIDIOC_DBG_G_REGISTER
+.. c:macro:: VIDIOC_DBG_G_REGISTER
 
-.. c:function:: int ioctl( int fd, VIDIOC_DBG_S_REGISTER, const struct v4l2_dbg_register *argp )
-    :name: VIDIOC_DBG_S_REGISTER
+``int ioctl(int fd, VIDIOC_DBG_G_REGISTER, struct v4l2_dbg_register *argp)``
 
+.. c:macro:: VIDIOC_DBG_S_REGISTER
+
+``int ioctl(int fd, VIDIOC_DBG_S_REGISTER, const struct v4l2_dbg_register *argp)``
 
 Arguments
 =========
 
 ``fd``
-    File descriptor returned by :ref:`open() <func-open>`.
+    File descriptor returned by :c:func:`open()`.
 
 ``argp``
     Pointer to struct :c:type:`v4l2_dbg_register`.
-
 
 Description
 ===========
···
 `https://linuxtv.org/repo/ <https://linuxtv.org/repo/>`__ for access
 instructions.
 
-
 .. tabularcolumns:: |p{3.5cm}|p{3.5cm}|p{3.5cm}|p{7.0cm}|
 
 .. c:type:: v4l2_dbg_match
···
       -
 
 
-
 .. c:type:: v4l2_dbg_register
 
 .. flat-table:: struct v4l2_dbg_register
···
       - The value read from, or to be written into the register.
 
 
-
 .. tabularcolumns:: |p{6.6cm}|p{2.2cm}|p{8.7cm}|
 
 .. _chip-match-types:
···
     * - ``V4L2_CHIP_MATCH_SUBDEV``
       - 4
       - Match the nth sub-device.
-
 
 Return Value
 ============

Documentation/userspace-api/media/v4l/vidioc-decoder-cmd.rst

···
 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GFDL-1.1-no-invariants-or-later
+.. c:namespace:: V4L
 
 .. _VIDIOC_DECODER_CMD:
 
···
 
 VIDIOC_DECODER_CMD - VIDIOC_TRY_DECODER_CMD - Execute an decoder command
 
-
 Synopsis
 ========
 
-.. c:function:: int ioctl( int fd, VIDIOC_DECODER_CMD, struct v4l2_decoder_cmd *argp )
-    :name: VIDIOC_DECODER_CMD
+.. c:macro:: VIDIOC_DECODER_CMD
 
+``int ioctl(int fd, VIDIOC_DECODER_CMD, struct v4l2_decoder_cmd *argp)``
 
-.. c:function:: int ioctl( int fd, VIDIOC_TRY_DECODER_CMD, struct v4l2_decoder_cmd *argp )
-    :name: VIDIOC_TRY_DECODER_CMD
+.. c:macro:: VIDIOC_TRY_DECODER_CMD
 
+``int ioctl(int fd, VIDIOC_TRY_DECODER_CMD, struct v4l2_decoder_cmd *argp)``
 
 Arguments
 =========
 
 ``fd``
-    File descriptor returned by :ref:`open() <func-open>`.
+    File descriptor returned by :c:func:`open()`.
 
 ``argp``
     pointer to struct :c:type:`v4l2_decoder_cmd`.
-
 
 Description
 ===========
···
 The ``cmd`` field must contain the command code. Some commands use the
 ``flags`` field for additional information.
 
-A :ref:`write() <func-write>` or :ref:`VIDIOC_STREAMON`
+A :c:func:`write()` or :ref:`VIDIOC_STREAMON`
 call sends an implicit START command to the decoder if it has not been
 started yet. Applies to both queues of mem2mem decoders.
 
-A :ref:`close() <func-close>` or :ref:`VIDIOC_STREAMOFF <VIDIOC_STREAMON>`
+A :c:func:`close()` or :ref:`VIDIOC_STREAMOFF <VIDIOC_STREAMON>`
 call of a streaming file descriptor sends an implicit immediate STOP
 command to the decoder, and all buffered data is discarded. Applies to both
 queues of mem2mem decoders.
···
 In principle, these ioctls are optional, not all drivers may support them. They were
 introduced in Linux 3.3. They are, however, mandatory for stateful mem2mem decoders
 (as further documented in :ref:`decoder`).
-
 
 .. tabularcolumns:: |p{1.1cm}|p{2.4cm}|p{1.2cm}|p{1.6cm}|p{10.6cm}|
 
···
 	the array to zero.
     * - }
       -
-
 
 
 .. tabularcolumns:: |p{5.6cm}|p{0.6cm}|p{11.3cm}|

Documentation/userspace-api/media/v4l/vidioc-dqevent.rst

···
 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GFDL-1.1-no-invariants-or-later
+.. c:namespace:: V4L
 
 .. _VIDIOC_DQEVENT:
 
···
 
 VIDIOC_DQEVENT - Dequeue event
 
-
 Synopsis
 ========
 
-.. c:function:: int ioctl( int fd, VIDIOC_DQEVENT, struct v4l2_event *argp )
-    :name: VIDIOC_DQEVENT
+.. c:macro:: VIDIOC_DQEVENT
 
+``int ioctl(int fd, VIDIOC_DQEVENT, struct v4l2_event *argp)``
 
 Arguments
 =========
 
 ``fd``
-    File descriptor returned by :ref:`open() <func-open>`.
+    File descriptor returned by :c:func:`open()`.
 
 ``argp``
     Pointer to struct :c:type:`v4l2_event`.
-
 
 Description
 ===========
···
 structure are filled by the driver. The file handle will also receive
 exceptions which the application may get by e.g. using the select system
 call.
-
 
 .. tabularcolumns:: |p{3.0cm}|p{4.4cm}|p{2.4cm}|p{7.7cm}|
 
···
       - ``reserved``\ [8]
       - Reserved for future extensions. Drivers must set the array to
 	zero.
-
 
 
 .. tabularcolumns:: |p{6.6cm}|p{2.2cm}|p{8.7cm}|
···
       - Base event number for driver-private events.
 
 
-
 .. tabularcolumns:: |p{4.4cm}|p{4.4cm}|p{8.7cm}|
 
 .. c:type:: v4l2_event_vsync
···
     * - __u8
       - ``field``
       - The upcoming field. See enum :c:type:`v4l2_field`.
-
 
 
 .. tabularcolumns:: |p{3.5cm}|p{3.0cm}|p{1.8cm}|p{8.5cm}|
···
 	:ref:`v4l2_queryctrl <v4l2-queryctrl>`.
 
 
-
 .. tabularcolumns:: |p{4.4cm}|p{4.4cm}|p{8.7cm}|
 
 .. c:type:: v4l2_event_frame_sync
···
     * - __u32
       - ``frame_sequence``
       - The sequence number of the frame being received.
-
 
 
 .. tabularcolumns:: |p{4.4cm}|p{4.4cm}|p{8.7cm}|
···
       - ``changes``
       - A bitmask that tells what has changed. See
 	:ref:`src-changes-flags`.
-
 
 
 .. tabularcolumns:: |p{4.4cm}|p{4.4cm}|p{8.7cm}|
···
 	automatically assigned to the default region 0.
 
 
-
 .. tabularcolumns:: |p{6.6cm}|p{2.2cm}|p{8.7cm}|
 
 .. _ctrl-changes-flags:
···
       - 0x0004
       - This control event was triggered because the minimum, maximum,
 	step or the default value of the control changed.
-
 
 
 .. tabularcolumns:: |p{6.6cm}|p{2.2cm}|p{8.7cm}|
···
 	that many Video Capture devices are not able to recover from a temporary
 	loss of signal and so restarting streaming I/O is required in order for
 	the hardware to synchronize to the video signal.
-
 
 Return Value
 ============

Documentation/userspace-api/media/v4l/vidioc-dv-timings-cap.rst

···
 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GFDL-1.1-no-invariants-or-later
+.. c:namespace:: V4L
 
 .. _VIDIOC_DV_TIMINGS_CAP:
 
···
 
 VIDIOC_DV_TIMINGS_CAP - VIDIOC_SUBDEV_DV_TIMINGS_CAP - The capabilities of the Digital Video receiver/transmitter
 
-
 Synopsis
 ========
 
-.. c:function:: int ioctl( int fd, VIDIOC_DV_TIMINGS_CAP, struct v4l2_dv_timings_cap *argp )
-    :name: VIDIOC_DV_TIMINGS_CAP
+.. c:macro:: VIDIOC_DV_TIMINGS_CAP
 
-.. c:function:: int ioctl( int fd, VIDIOC_SUBDEV_DV_TIMINGS_CAP, struct v4l2_dv_timings_cap *argp )
-    :name: VIDIOC_SUBDEV_DV_TIMINGS_CAP
+``int ioctl(int fd, VIDIOC_DV_TIMINGS_CAP, struct v4l2_dv_timings_cap *argp)``
 
+.. c:macro:: VIDIOC_SUBDEV_DV_TIMINGS_CAP
+
+``int ioctl(int fd, VIDIOC_SUBDEV_DV_TIMINGS_CAP, struct v4l2_dv_timings_cap *argp)``
 
 Arguments
 =========
 
 ``fd``
-    File descriptor returned by :ref:`open() <func-open>`.
+    File descriptor returned by :c:func:`open()`.
 
 ``argp``
     Pointer to struct :c:type:`v4l2_dv_timings_cap`.
-
 
 Description
 ===========
···
 :c:type:`v4l2_dv_timings_cap` ``pad`` field and
 zero the ``reserved`` array. Attempts to query capabilities on a pad
 that doesn't support them will return an ``EINVAL`` error code.
-
 
 .. tabularcolumns:: |p{1.2cm}|p{3.0cm}|p{13.3cm}|
 
···
       - ``reserved``\ [16]
       - Reserved for future extensions.
 	Drivers must set the array to zero.
-
 
 
 .. tabularcolumns:: |p{1.0cm}|p{4.0cm}|p{3.5cm}|p{9.2cm}|
···
     * - ``V4L2_DV_BT_CAP_CUSTOM``
       - Can support non-standard timings, i.e. timings not belonging to
 	the standards set in the ``standards`` field.
-
 
 Return Value
 ============

Documentation/userspace-api/media/v4l/vidioc-encoder-cmd.rst

···
 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GFDL-1.1-no-invariants-or-later
+.. c:namespace:: V4L
 
 .. _VIDIOC_ENCODER_CMD:
 
···
 
 VIDIOC_ENCODER_CMD - VIDIOC_TRY_ENCODER_CMD - Execute an encoder command
 
-
 Synopsis
 ========
 
-.. c:function:: int ioctl( int fd, VIDIOC_ENCODER_CMD, struct v4l2_encoder_cmd *argp )
-    :name: VIDIOC_ENCODER_CMD
+.. c:macro:: VIDIOC_ENCODER_CMD
 
-.. c:function:: int ioctl( int fd, VIDIOC_TRY_ENCODER_CMD, struct v4l2_encoder_cmd *argp )
-    :name: VIDIOC_TRY_ENCODER_CMD
+``int ioctl(int fd, VIDIOC_ENCODER_CMD, struct v4l2_encoder_cmd *argp)``
 
+.. c:macro:: VIDIOC_TRY_ENCODER_CMD
+
+``int ioctl(int fd, VIDIOC_TRY_ENCODER_CMD, struct v4l2_encoder_cmd *argp)``
 
 Arguments
 =========
 
 ``fd``
-    File descriptor returned by :ref:`open() <func-open>`.
+    File descriptor returned by :c:func:`open()`.
 
 ``argp``
     Pointer to struct :c:type:`v4l2_encoder_cmd`.
···
 The ``cmd`` field must contain the command code. Some commands use the
 ``flags`` field for additional information.
 
-After a STOP command, :ref:`read() <func-read>` calls will read
+After a STOP command, :c:func:`read()` calls will read
 the remaining data buffered by the driver. When the buffer is empty,
-:ref:`read() <func-read>` will return zero and the next :ref:`read() <func-read>`
+:c:func:`read()` will return zero and the next :c:func:`read()`
 call will restart the encoder.
 
-A :ref:`read() <func-read>` or :ref:`VIDIOC_STREAMON <VIDIOC_STREAMON>`
+A :c:func:`read()` or :ref:`VIDIOC_STREAMON <VIDIOC_STREAMON>`
 call sends an implicit START command to the encoder if it has not been
 started yet. Applies to both queues of mem2mem encoders.
 
-A :ref:`close() <func-close>` or :ref:`VIDIOC_STREAMOFF <VIDIOC_STREAMON>`
+A :c:func:`close()` or :ref:`VIDIOC_STREAMOFF <VIDIOC_STREAMON>`
 call of a streaming file descriptor sends an implicit immediate STOP to
 the encoder, and all buffered data is discarded. Applies to both queues of
 mem2mem encoders.
···
 These ioctls are optional, not all drivers may support them. They were
 introduced in Linux 2.6.21. They are, however, mandatory for stateful mem2mem
 encoders (as further documented in :ref:`encoder`).
-
 
 .. tabularcolumns:: |p{4.4cm}|p{4.4cm}|p{8.7cm}|
 
···
       - ``data``\ [8]
       - Reserved for future extensions. Drivers and applications must set
 	the array to zero.
-
 
 
 .. tabularcolumns:: |p{6.6cm}|p{2.2cm}|p{8.7cm}|
···
 	the encoder is already running, this command does nothing. No
 	flags are defined for this command.
 
-
 .. tabularcolumns:: |p{6.6cm}|p{2.2cm}|p{8.7cm}|
 
 .. _encoder-flags:
···
 	rather than immediately.
 
         Does not apply to :ref:`encoder`.
-
 
 Return Value
 ============

Documentation/userspace-api/media/v4l/vidioc-enum-dv-timings.rst

···
 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GFDL-1.1-no-invariants-or-later
+.. c:namespace:: V4L
 
 .. _VIDIOC_ENUM_DV_TIMINGS:
 
···
 
 VIDIOC_ENUM_DV_TIMINGS - VIDIOC_SUBDEV_ENUM_DV_TIMINGS - Enumerate supported Digital Video timings
 
-
 Synopsis
 ========
 
-.. c:function:: int ioctl( int fd, VIDIOC_ENUM_DV_TIMINGS, struct v4l2_enum_dv_timings *argp )
-    :name: VIDIOC_ENUM_DV_TIMINGS
+.. c:macro:: VIDIOC_ENUM_DV_TIMINGS
 
-.. c:function:: int ioctl( int fd, VIDIOC_SUBDEV_ENUM_DV_TIMINGS, struct v4l2_enum_dv_timings *argp )
-    :name: VIDIOC_SUBDEV_ENUM_DV_TIMINGS
+``int ioctl(int fd, VIDIOC_ENUM_DV_TIMINGS, struct v4l2_enum_dv_timings *argp)``
 
+.. c:macro:: VIDIOC_SUBDEV_ENUM_DV_TIMINGS
+
+``int ioctl(int fd, VIDIOC_SUBDEV_ENUM_DV_TIMINGS, struct v4l2_enum_dv_timings *argp)``
 
 Arguments
 =========
 
 ``fd``
-    File descriptor returned by :ref:`open() <func-open>`.
+    File descriptor returned by :c:func:`open()`.
 
 ``argp``
     Pointer to struct :c:type:`v4l2_enum_dv_timings`.
-
 
 Description
 ===========
···
 Attempts to enumerate timings on a pad that doesn't support them will
 return an ``EINVAL`` error code.
 
-
 .. c:type:: v4l2_enum_dv_timings
 
 .. tabularcolumns:: |p{4.4cm}|p{4.4cm}|p{8.7cm}|
···
     * - struct :c:type:`v4l2_dv_timings`
       - ``timings``
       - The timings.
-
 
 Return Value
 ============

Documentation/userspace-api/media/v4l/vidioc-enum-fmt.rst

···
 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GFDL-1.1-no-invariants-or-later
+.. c:namespace:: V4L
 
 .. _VIDIOC_ENUM_FMT:
 
···
 
 VIDIOC_ENUM_FMT - Enumerate image formats
 
-
 Synopsis
 ========
 
-.. c:function:: int ioctl( int fd, VIDIOC_ENUM_FMT, struct v4l2_fmtdesc *argp )
-    :name: VIDIOC_ENUM_FMT
+.. c:macro:: VIDIOC_ENUM_FMT
 
+``int ioctl(int fd, VIDIOC_ENUM_FMT, struct v4l2_fmtdesc *argp)``
 
 Arguments
 =========
 
 ``fd``
-    File descriptor returned by :ref:`open() <func-open>`.
+    File descriptor returned by :c:func:`open()`.
 
 ``argp``
     Pointer to struct :c:type:`v4l2_fmtdesc`.
-
 
 Description
 ===========
···
    Regardless of the value of the ``mbus_code`` field, the enumerated image
    formats shall not depend on the active configuration of the video device
    or device pipeline.
-
 
 .. tabularcolumns:: |p{4.4cm}|p{4.4cm}|p{8.7cm}|
 
···
       - ``reserved``\ [3]
       - Reserved for future extensions. Drivers must set the array to
 	zero.
-
 
 
 .. tabularcolumns:: |p{6.6cm}|p{2.2cm}|p{8.7cm}|
···
 	The application can ask to configure the quantization of the capture
 	device when calling the :ref:`VIDIOC_S_FMT <VIDIOC_G_FMT>` ioctl with
 	:ref:`V4L2_PIX_FMT_FLAG_SET_CSC <v4l2-pix-fmt-flag-set-csc>` set.
-
 
 Return Value
 ============

Documentation/userspace-api/media/v4l/vidioc-enum-frameintervals.rst

···
 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GFDL-1.1-no-invariants-or-later
+.. c:namespace:: V4L
 
 .. _VIDIOC_ENUM_FRAMEINTERVALS:
 
···
 
 VIDIOC_ENUM_FRAMEINTERVALS - Enumerate frame intervals
 
-
 Synopsis
 ========
 
-.. c:function:: int ioctl( int fd, VIDIOC_ENUM_FRAMEINTERVALS, struct v4l2_frmivalenum *argp )
-    :name: VIDIOC_ENUM_FRAMEINTERVALS
+.. c:macro:: VIDIOC_ENUM_FRAMEINTERVALS
 
+``int ioctl(int fd, VIDIOC_ENUM_FRAMEINTERVALS, struct v4l2_frmivalenum *argp)``
 
 Arguments
 =========
 
 ``fd``
-    File descriptor returned by :ref:`open() <func-open>`.
+    File descriptor returned by :c:func:`open()`.
 
 ``argp``
     Pointer to struct :c:type:`v4l2_frmivalenum`
     that contains a pixel format and size and receives a frame interval.
-
 
 Description
 ===========
···
 
        frame_rate = 1 / frame_interval
 
-
 Structs
 =======
 
 In the structs below, *IN* denotes a value that has to be filled in by
 the application, *OUT* denotes values that the driver fills in. The
 application should zero out all members except for the *IN* fields.
-
 
 .. c:type:: v4l2_frmival_stepwise
 
···
     * - struct :c:type:`v4l2_fract`
       - ``step``
       - Frame interval step size [s].
-
 
 
 .. c:type:: v4l2_frmivalenum
···
 	applications.
 
 
-
 Enums
 =====
-
 
 .. c:type:: v4l2_frmivaltypes
 
···
     * - ``V4L2_FRMIVAL_TYPE_STEPWISE``
       - 3
       - Step-wise defined frame interval.
-
 
 Return Value
 ============

Documentation/userspace-api/media/v4l/vidioc-enum-framesizes.rst

···
 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GFDL-1.1-no-invariants-or-later
+.. c:namespace:: V4L
 
 .. _VIDIOC_ENUM_FRAMESIZES:
 
···
 
 VIDIOC_ENUM_FRAMESIZES - Enumerate frame sizes
 
-
 Synopsis
 ========
 
-.. c:function:: int ioctl( int fd, VIDIOC_ENUM_FRAMESIZES, struct v4l2_frmsizeenum *argp )
-    :name: VIDIOC_ENUM_FRAMESIZES
+.. c:macro:: VIDIOC_ENUM_FRAMESIZES
 
+``int ioctl(int fd, VIDIOC_ENUM_FRAMESIZES, struct v4l2_frmsizeenum *argp)``
 
 Arguments
 =========
 
 ``fd``
-    File descriptor returned by :ref:`open() <func-open>`.
+    File descriptor returned by :c:func:`open()`.
 
 ``argp``
     Pointer to struct :c:type:`v4l2_frmsizeenum`
     that contains an index and pixel format and receives a frame width
     and height.
-
 
 Description
 ===========
···
 enumeration data is consistent if the application does not perform any
 other ioctl calls while it runs the frame size enumeration.
 
-
 Structs
 =======
 
 In the structs below, *IN* denotes a value that has to be filled in by
 the application, *OUT* denotes values that the driver fills in. The
 application should zero out all members except for the *IN* fields.
-
 
 .. c:type:: v4l2_frmsize_discrete
 
···
     * - __u32
       - ``height``
       - Height of the frame [pixel].
-
 
 
 .. c:type:: v4l2_frmsize_stepwise
···
     * - __u32
       - ``step_height``
       - Frame height step size [pixel].
-
 
 
 .. c:type:: v4l2_frmsizeenum
···
 	applications.
 
 
-
 Enums
 =====
-
 
 .. c:type:: v4l2_frmsizetypes
 
···
     * - ``V4L2_FRMSIZE_TYPE_STEPWISE``
       - 3
       - Step-wise defined frame size.
-
 
 Return Value
 ============

Documentation/userspace-api/media/v4l/vidioc-enum-freq-bands.rst

···
 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GFDL-1.1-no-invariants-or-later
+.. c:namespace:: V4L
 
 .. _VIDIOC_ENUM_FREQ_BANDS:
 
···
 
 VIDIOC_ENUM_FREQ_BANDS - Enumerate supported frequency bands
 
-
 Synopsis
 ========
 
-.. c:function:: int ioctl( int fd, VIDIOC_ENUM_FREQ_BANDS, struct v4l2_frequency_band *argp )
-    :name: VIDIOC_ENUM_FREQ_BANDS
+.. c:macro:: VIDIOC_ENUM_FREQ_BANDS
 
+``int ioctl(int fd, VIDIOC_ENUM_FREQ_BANDS, struct v4l2_frequency_band *argp)``
 
 Arguments
 =========
 
 ``fd``
-    File descriptor returned by :ref:`open() <func-open>`.
+    File descriptor returned by :c:func:`open()`.
 
 ``argp``
     Pointer to struct :c:type:`v4l2_frequency_band`.
-
 
 Description
 ===========
···
 
 This ioctl is supported if the ``V4L2_TUNER_CAP_FREQ_BANDS`` capability
 of the corresponding tuner/modulator is set.
-
 
 .. tabularcolumns:: |p{2.9cm}|p{2.9cm}|p{5.8cm}|p{2.9cm}|p{3.0cm}|
 
···
 	Applications and drivers must set the array to zero.
 
 
-
 .. tabularcolumns:: |p{6.6cm}|p{2.2cm}|p{8.7cm}|
 
 .. _band-modulation:
···
     * - ``V4L2_BAND_MODULATION_AM``
       - 0x08
       - Amplitude Modulation, commonly used for analog radio.
-
 
 Return Value
 ============

Documentation/userspace-api/media/v4l/vidioc-enumaudio.rst

···
 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GFDL-1.1-no-invariants-or-later
+.. c:namespace:: V4L
 
 .. _VIDIOC_ENUMAUDIO:
 
···
 
 VIDIOC_ENUMAUDIO - Enumerate audio inputs
 
-
 Synopsis
 ========
 
-.. c:function:: int ioctl( int fd, VIDIOC_ENUMAUDIO, struct v4l2_audio *argp )
-    :name: VIDIOC_ENUMAUDIO
+.. c:macro:: VIDIOC_ENUMAUDIO
 
+``int ioctl(int fd, VIDIOC_ENUMAUDIO, struct v4l2_audio *argp)``
 
 Arguments
 =========
 
 ``fd``
-    File descriptor returned by :ref:`open() <func-open>`.
+    File descriptor returned by :c:func:`open()`.
 
 ``argp``
     Pointer to struct :c:type:`v4l2_audio`.
-
 
 Description
 ===========
···
 
 See :ref:`VIDIOC_G_AUDIO <VIDIOC_G_AUDIO>` for a description of struct
 :c:type:`v4l2_audio`.
-
 
 Return Value
 ============

Documentation/userspace-api/media/v4l/vidioc-enumaudioout.rst

···
 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GFDL-1.1-no-invariants-or-later
+.. c:namespace:: V4L
 
 .. _VIDIOC_ENUMAUDOUT:
 
···
 
 VIDIOC_ENUMAUDOUT - Enumerate audio outputs
 
-
 Synopsis
 ========
 
-.. c:function:: int ioctl( int fd, VIDIOC_ENUMAUDOUT, struct v4l2_audioout *argp )
-    :name: VIDIOC_ENUMAUDOUT
+.. c:macro:: VIDIOC_ENUMAUDOUT
 
+``int ioctl(int fd, VIDIOC_ENUMAUDOUT, struct v4l2_audioout *argp)``
 
 Arguments
 =========
 
 ``fd``
-    File descriptor returned by :ref:`open() <func-open>`.
+    File descriptor returned by :c:func:`open()`.
 
 ``argp``
     Pointer to struct :c:type:`v4l2_audioout`.
-
 
 Description
 ===========
···
 
 See :ref:`VIDIOC_G_AUDIOout <VIDIOC_G_AUDOUT>` for a description of struct
 :c:type:`v4l2_audioout`.
-
 
 Return Value
 ============

Documentation/userspace-api/media/v4l/vidioc-enuminput.rst

···
 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GFDL-1.1-no-invariants-or-later
+.. c:namespace:: V4L
 
 .. _VIDIOC_ENUMINPUT:
 
···
 
 VIDIOC_ENUMINPUT - Enumerate video inputs
 
-
 Synopsis
 ========
 
-.. c:function:: int ioctl( int fd, VIDIOC_ENUMINPUT, struct v4l2_input *argp )
-    :name: VIDIOC_ENUMINPUT
+.. c:macro:: VIDIOC_ENUMINPUT
 
+``int ioctl(int fd, VIDIOC_ENUMINPUT, struct v4l2_input *argp)``
 
 Arguments
 =========
 
 ``fd``
-    File descriptor returned by :ref:`open() <func-open>`.
+    File descriptor returned by :c:func:`open()`.
 
 ``argp``
     Pointer to struct :c:type:`v4l2_input`.
-
 
 Description
 ===========
···
 fill the rest of the structure or return an ``EINVAL`` error code when the
 index is out of bounds. To enumerate all inputs applications shall begin
 at index zero, incrementing by one until the driver returns ``EINVAL``.
-
 
 .. tabularcolumns:: |p{4.4cm}|p{4.4cm}|p{8.7cm}|
 
···
 	zero.
 
 
-
 .. tabularcolumns:: |p{6.6cm}|p{2.2cm}|p{8.7cm}|
 
 .. _input-type:
···
     * - ``V4L2_INPUT_TYPE_TOUCH``
       - 3
       - This input is a touch device for capturing raw touch data.
-
 
 
 .. tabularcolumns:: |p{4.8cm}|p{2.6cm}|p{10.1cm}|
···
       - VTR time constant. [?]
 
 
-
 .. tabularcolumns:: |p{6.6cm}|p{2.2cm}|p{8.7cm}|
 
 .. _input-capabilities:
···
       - This input supports setting the native size using the
 	``V4L2_SEL_TGT_NATIVE_SIZE`` selection target, see
 	:ref:`v4l2-selections-common`.
-
 
 Return Value
 ============

Documentation/userspace-api/media/v4l/vidioc-enumoutput.rst

···
 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GFDL-1.1-no-invariants-or-later
+.. c:namespace:: V4L
 
 .. _VIDIOC_ENUMOUTPUT:
 
···
 
 VIDIOC_ENUMOUTPUT - Enumerate video outputs
 
-
 Synopsis
 ========
 
-.. c:function:: int ioctl( int fd, VIDIOC_ENUMOUTPUT, struct v4l2_output *argp )
-    :name: VIDIOC_ENUMOUTPUT
+.. c:macro:: VIDIOC_ENUMOUTPUT
 
+``int ioctl(int fd, VIDIOC_ENUMOUTPUT, struct v4l2_output *argp)``
 
 Arguments
 =========
 
 ``fd``
-    File descriptor returned by :ref:`open() <func-open>`.
+    File descriptor returned by :c:func:`open()`.
 
 ``argp``
     Pointer to struct :c:type:`v4l2_output`.
-
 
 Description
 ===========
···
 when the index is out of bounds. To enumerate all outputs applications
 shall begin at index zero, incrementing by one until the driver returns
 ``EINVAL``.
-
 
 .. tabularcolumns:: |p{4.4cm}|p{4.4cm}|p{8.7cm}|
 
···
 	zero.
 
 
-
 .. tabularcolumns:: |p{7.0cm}|p{1.8cm}|p{8.7cm}|
 
 .. _output-type:
···
     * - ``V4L2_OUTPUT_TYPE_ANALOGVGAOVERLAY``
       - 3
       - The video output will be copied to a :ref:`video overlay <overlay>`.
-
 
 
 .. tabularcolumns:: |p{6.6cm}|p{2.2cm}|p{8.7cm}|
···
       - This output supports setting the native size using the
 	``V4L2_SEL_TGT_NATIVE_SIZE`` selection target, see
 	:ref:`v4l2-selections-common`.
-
 
 Return Value
 ============

Documentation/userspace-api/media/v4l/vidioc-enumstd.rst

···
 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GFDL-1.1-no-invariants-or-later
+.. c:namespace:: V4L
 
 .. _VIDIOC_ENUMSTD:
 
···
 
 VIDIOC_ENUMSTD - VIDIOC_SUBDEV_ENUMSTD - Enumerate supported video standards
 
-
 Synopsis
 ========
 
-.. c:function:: int ioctl( int fd, VIDIOC_ENUMSTD, struct v4l2_standard *argp )
-    :name: VIDIOC_ENUMSTD
+.. c:macro:: VIDIOC_ENUMSTD
 
-.. c:function:: int ioctl( int fd, VIDIOC_SUBDEV_ENUMSTD, struct v4l2_standard *argp )
-    :name: VIDIOC_SUBDEV_ENUMSTD
+``int ioctl(int fd, VIDIOC_ENUMSTD, struct v4l2_standard *argp)``
 
+.. c:macro:: VIDIOC_SUBDEV_ENUMSTD
+
+``int ioctl(int fd, VIDIOC_SUBDEV_ENUMSTD, struct v4l2_standard *argp)``
 
 Arguments
 =========
 
 ``fd``
-    File descriptor returned by :ref:`open() <func-open>`.
+    File descriptor returned by :c:func:`open()`.
 
 ``argp``
     Pointer to struct :c:type:`v4l2_standard`.
-
 
 Description
 ===========
···
 zero, incrementing by one until the driver returns ``EINVAL``. Drivers may
 enumerate a different set of standards after switching the video input
 or output. [#f1]_
-
 
 .. c:type:: v4l2_standard
 
···
 	zero.
 
 
-
 .. c:type:: v4l2_fract
 
 .. tabularcolumns:: |p{4.4cm}|p{4.4cm}|p{8.7cm}|
···
       - ``denominator``
       -
 
-
 .. tabularcolumns:: |p{4.4cm}|p{4.4cm}|p{8.7cm}|
 
 .. _v4l2-std-id:
···
 	as listed below and in :ref:`video-standards`. The 32 most
 	significant bits are reserved for custom (driver defined) video
 	standards.
-
 
 
 .. code-block:: c
···
 PAL video recorders can play back NTSC tapes in this mode for display on
 a 50/60 Hz agnostic PAL TV.
 
-
 .. code-block:: c
 
     #define V4L2_STD_NTSC_M         ((v4l2_std_id)0x00001000)
···
 
 ``V4L2_STD_NTSC_443`` is a hybrid standard with 525 lines, 60 Hz refresh
 rate, and NTSC color modulation with a 4.43 MHz color subcarrier.
-
 
 .. code-block:: c
 
···
 terrestrial digital TV standards. Presently the V4L2 API does not
 support digital TV. See also the Linux DVB API at
 `https://linuxtv.org <https://linuxtv.org>`__.
-
 
 .. code-block:: c
 
···
     #define V4L2_STD_UNKNOWN        0
     #define V4L2_STD_ALL            (V4L2_STD_525_60        |
 		     V4L2_STD_625_50)
-
 
 .. raw:: latex
 
···
 .. raw:: latex
 
     \endgroup
-
 
 
 Return Value

Documentation/userspace-api/media/v4l/vidioc-expbuf.rst

···
 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GFDL-1.1-no-invariants-or-later
+.. c:namespace:: V4L
 
 .. _VIDIOC_EXPBUF:
 
···
 
 VIDIOC_EXPBUF - Export a buffer as a DMABUF file descriptor.
 
-
 Synopsis
 ========
 
-.. c:function:: int ioctl( int fd, VIDIOC_EXPBUF, struct v4l2_exportbuffer *argp )
-    :name: VIDIOC_EXPBUF
+.. c:macro:: VIDIOC_EXPBUF
 
+``int ioctl(int fd, VIDIOC_EXPBUF, struct v4l2_exportbuffer *argp)``
 
 Arguments
 =========
 
 ``fd``
-    File descriptor returned by :ref:`open() <func-open>`.
+    File descriptor returned by :c:func:`open()`.
 
 ``argp``
     Pointer to struct :c:type:`v4l2_exportbuffer`.
-
 
 Description
 ===========
···
 recommended to close a DMABUF file when it is no longer used to allow
 the associated memory to be reclaimed.
 
-
 Examples
 ========
-
 
 .. code-block:: c
 
···
 
 	return 0;
     }
-
 
 .. code-block:: c
 
···
 
 	return 0;
     }
-
 
 .. c:type:: v4l2_exportbuffer
 
···
       - ``reserved[11]``
       - Reserved field for future use. Drivers and applications must set
 	the array to zero.
-
 
 Return Value
 ============

Documentation/userspace-api/media/v4l/vidioc-g-audio.rst

···
 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GFDL-1.1-no-invariants-or-later
+.. c:namespace:: V4L
 
 .. _VIDIOC_G_AUDIO:
 
···
 
 VIDIOC_G_AUDIO - VIDIOC_S_AUDIO - Query or select the current audio input and its attributes
 
-
 Synopsis
 ========
 
-.. c:function:: int ioctl( int fd, VIDIOC_G_AUDIO, struct v4l2_audio *argp )
-    :name: VIDIOC_G_AUDIO
+.. c:macro:: VIDIOC_G_AUDIO
 
-.. c:function:: int ioctl( int fd, VIDIOC_S_AUDIO, const struct v4l2_audio *argp )
-    :name: VIDIOC_S_AUDIO
+``int ioctl(int fd, VIDIOC_G_AUDIO, struct v4l2_audio *argp)``
 
+.. c:macro:: VIDIOC_S_AUDIO
+
+``int ioctl(int fd, VIDIOC_S_AUDIO, const struct v4l2_audio *argp)``
 
 Arguments
 =========
 
 ``fd``
-    File descriptor returned by :ref:`open() <func-open>`.
+    File descriptor returned by :c:func:`open()`.
 
 ``argp``
     Pointer to struct :c:type:`v4l2_audio`.
-
 
 Description
 ===========
···
 ioctl. Drivers may switch to a different audio mode if the request
 cannot be satisfied. However, this is a write-only ioctl, it does not
 return the actual new audio mode.
-
 
 .. tabularcolumns:: |p{4.4cm}|p{4.4cm}|p{8.7cm}|
 
···
 	the array to zero.
 
 
-
 .. tabularcolumns:: |p{6.6cm}|p{2.2cm}|p{8.7cm}|
 
 .. _audio-capability:
···
       - Automatic Volume Level mode is supported.
 
 
-
 .. tabularcolumns:: |p{6.6cm}|p{2.2cm}|p{8.7cm}|
 
 .. _audio-mode:
···
     * - ``V4L2_AUDMODE_AVL``
       - 0x00001
       - AVL mode is on.
-
 
 Return Value
 ============

Documentation/userspace-api/media/v4l/vidioc-g-audioout.rst

···
 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GFDL-1.1-no-invariants-or-later
+.. c:namespace:: V4L
 
 .. _VIDIOC_G_AUDOUT:
 
···
 
 VIDIOC_G_AUDOUT - VIDIOC_S_AUDOUT - Query or select the current audio output
 
-
 Synopsis
 ========
 
-.. c:function:: int ioctl( int fd, VIDIOC_G_AUDOUT, struct v4l2_audioout *argp )
-    :name: VIDIOC_G_AUDOUT
+.. c:macro:: VIDIOC_G_AUDOUT
 
-.. c:function:: int ioctl( int fd, VIDIOC_S_AUDOUT, const struct v4l2_audioout *argp )
-    :name: VIDIOC_S_AUDOUT
+``int ioctl(int fd, VIDIOC_G_AUDOUT, struct v4l2_audioout *argp)``
 
+.. c:macro:: VIDIOC_S_AUDOUT
+
+``int ioctl(int fd, VIDIOC_S_AUDOUT, const struct v4l2_audioout *argp)``
 
 Arguments
 =========
 
 ``fd``
-    File descriptor returned by :ref:`open() <func-open>`.
+    File descriptor returned by :c:func:`open()`.
 
 ``argp``
     Pointer to struct :c:type:`v4l2_audioout`.
-
 
 Description
 ===========
···
 
    Connectors on a TV card to loop back the received audio signal
    to a sound card are not audio outputs in this sense.
-
 
 .. c:type:: v4l2_audioout
 
···
       - ``reserved``\ [2]
       - Reserved for future extensions. Drivers and applications must set
 	the array to zero.
-
 
 Return Value
 ============

Documentation/userspace-api/media/v4l/vidioc-g-crop.rst

···
 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GFDL-1.1-no-invariants-or-later
+.. c:namespace:: V4L
 
 .. _VIDIOC_G_CROP:
 
···
 
 VIDIOC_G_CROP - VIDIOC_S_CROP - Get or set the current cropping rectangle
 
-
 Synopsis
 ========
 
-.. c:function:: int ioctl( int fd, VIDIOC_G_CROP, struct v4l2_crop *argp )
-    :name: VIDIOC_G_CROP
+.. c:macro:: VIDIOC_G_CROP
 
-.. c:function:: int ioctl( int fd, VIDIOC_S_CROP, const struct v4l2_crop *argp )
-    :name: VIDIOC_S_CROP
+``int ioctl(int fd, VIDIOC_G_CROP, struct v4l2_crop *argp)``
 
+.. c:macro:: VIDIOC_S_CROP
+
+``int ioctl(int fd, VIDIOC_S_CROP, const struct v4l2_crop *argp)``
 
 Arguments
 =========
 
 ``fd``
-    File descriptor returned by :ref:`open() <func-open>`.
+    File descriptor returned by :c:func:`open()`.
 
 ``argp``
     Pointer to struct :c:type:`v4l2_crop`.
-
 
 Description
 ===========
···
 When cropping is not supported then no parameters are changed and
 :ref:`VIDIOC_S_CROP <VIDIOC_G_CROP>` returns the ``EINVAL`` error code.
 
-
 .. c:type:: v4l2_crop
 
 .. tabularcolumns:: |p{4.4cm}|p{4.4cm}|p{8.7cm}|
···
    ``_MPLANE`` at the end).
 
    Starting with kernel 4.13 both variations are allowed.
-
 
 Return Value
 ============

Documentation/userspace-api/media/v4l/vidioc-g-ctrl.rst

···
 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GFDL-1.1-no-invariants-or-later
+.. c:namespace:: V4L
 
 .. _VIDIOC_G_CTRL:
 
···
 
 VIDIOC_G_CTRL - VIDIOC_S_CTRL - Get or set the value of a control
 
-
 Synopsis
 ========
 
-.. c:function:: int ioctl( int fd, VIDIOC_G_CTRL, struct v4l2_control *argp )
-    :name: VIDIOC_G_CTRL
+.. c:macro:: VIDIOC_G_CTRL
 
-.. c:function:: int ioctl( int fd, VIDIOC_S_CTRL, struct v4l2_control *argp )
-    :name: VIDIOC_S_CTRL
+``int ioctl(int fd, VIDIOC_G_CTRL, struct v4l2_control *argp)``
 
+.. c:macro:: VIDIOC_S_CTRL
+
+``int ioctl(int fd, VIDIOC_S_CTRL, struct v4l2_control *argp)``
 
 Arguments
 =========
 
 ``fd``
-    File descriptor returned by :ref:`open() <func-open>`.
+    File descriptor returned by :c:func:`open()`.
 
 ``argp``
     Pointer to struct :c:type:`v4l2_control`.
-
 
 Description
 ===========
···
 :ref:`VIDIOC_S_EXT_CTRLS <VIDIOC_G_EXT_CTRLS>` or
 :ref:`VIDIOC_TRY_EXT_CTRLS <VIDIOC_G_EXT_CTRLS>` must be used.
 
-
 .. c:type:: v4l2_control
 
 .. tabularcolumns:: |p{4.4cm}|p{4.4cm}|p{8.7cm}|
···
     * - __s32
       - ``value``
       - New value or current value.
-
 
 Return Value
 ============

Documentation/userspace-api/media/v4l/vidioc-g-dv-timings.rst

···
 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GFDL-1.1-no-invariants-or-later
+.. c:namespace:: V4L
 
 .. _VIDIOC_G_DV_TIMINGS:
 
···
 
 VIDIOC_G_DV_TIMINGS - VIDIOC_S_DV_TIMINGS - VIDIOC_SUBDEV_G_DV_TIMINGS - VIDIOC_SUBDEV_S_DV_TIMINGS - Get or set DV timings for input or output
 
-
 Synopsis
 ========
 
-.. c:function:: int ioctl( int fd, VIDIOC_G_DV_TIMINGS, struct v4l2_dv_timings *argp )
-    :name: VIDIOC_G_DV_TIMINGS
+.. c:macro:: VIDIOC_G_DV_TIMINGS
 
-.. c:function:: int ioctl( int fd, VIDIOC_S_DV_TIMINGS, struct v4l2_dv_timings *argp )
-    :name: VIDIOC_S_DV_TIMINGS
+``int ioctl(int fd, VIDIOC_G_DV_TIMINGS, struct v4l2_dv_timings *argp)``
 
-.. c:function:: int ioctl( int fd, VIDIOC_SUBDEV_G_DV_TIMINGS, struct v4l2_dv_timings *argp )
-    :name: VIDIOC_SUBDEV_G_DV_TIMINGS
+.. c:macro:: VIDIOC_S_DV_TIMINGS
 
-.. c:function:: int ioctl( int fd, VIDIOC_SUBDEV_S_DV_TIMINGS, struct v4l2_dv_timings *argp )
-    :name: VIDIOC_SUBDEV_S_DV_TIMINGS
+``int ioctl(int fd, VIDIOC_S_DV_TIMINGS, struct v4l2_dv_timings *argp)``
 
+.. c:macro:: VIDIOC_SUBDEV_G_DV_TIMINGS
+
+``int ioctl(int fd, VIDIOC_SUBDEV_G_DV_TIMINGS, struct v4l2_dv_timings *argp)``
+
+.. c:macro:: VIDIOC_SUBDEV_S_DV_TIMINGS
+
+``int ioctl(int fd, VIDIOC_SUBDEV_S_DV_TIMINGS, struct v4l2_dv_timings *argp)``
 
 Arguments
 =========
 
 ``fd``
-    File descriptor returned by :ref:`open() <func-open>`.
+    File descriptor returned by :c:func:`open()`.
 
 ``argp``
     Pointer to struct :c:type:`v4l2_dv_timings`.
-
 
 Description
 ===========
···
 the current input or output does not support DV timings (e.g. if
 :ref:`VIDIOC_ENUMINPUT` does not set the
 ``V4L2_IN_CAP_DV_TIMINGS`` flag), then ``ENODATA`` error code is returned.
-
 
 Return Value
 ============
···
       - ``reserved[46]``
       - Reserved for future extensions. Drivers and applications must set
 	the array to zero.
-
 
 .. tabularcolumns:: |p{3.5cm}|p{3.5cm}|p{7.0cm}|p{3.5cm}|
 

Documentation/userspace-api/media/v4l/vidioc-g-edid.rst

···
 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GFDL-1.1-no-invariants-or-later
+.. c:namespace:: V4L
 
 .. _VIDIOC_G_EDID:
 
···
 
 VIDIOC_G_EDID - VIDIOC_S_EDID - VIDIOC_SUBDEV_G_EDID - VIDIOC_SUBDEV_S_EDID - Get or set the EDID of a video receiver/transmitter
 
-
 Synopsis
 ========
 
-.. c:function:: int ioctl( int fd, VIDIOC_G_EDID, struct v4l2_edid *argp )
-    :name: VIDIOC_G_EDID
+.. c:macro:: VIDIOC_G_EDID
 
-.. c:function:: int ioctl( int fd, VIDIOC_S_EDID, struct v4l2_edid *argp )
-    :name: VIDIOC_S_EDID
+``int ioctl(int fd, VIDIOC_G_EDID, struct v4l2_edid *argp)``
 
+.. c:macro:: VIDIOC_S_EDID
 
-.. c:function:: int ioctl( int fd, VIDIOC_SUBDEV_G_EDID, struct v4l2_edid *argp )
-    :name: VIDIOC_SUBDEV_G_EDID
+``int ioctl(int fd, VIDIOC_S_EDID, struct v4l2_edid *argp)``
 
-.. c:function:: int ioctl( int fd, VIDIOC_SUBDEV_S_EDID, struct v4l2_edid *argp )
-    :name: VIDIOC_SUBDEV_S_EDID
+.. c:macro:: VIDIOC_SUBDEV_G_EDID
 
+``int ioctl(int fd, VIDIOC_SUBDEV_G_EDID, struct v4l2_edid *argp)``
+
+.. c:macro:: VIDIOC_SUBDEV_S_EDID
+
+``int ioctl(int fd, VIDIOC_SUBDEV_S_EDID, struct v4l2_edid *argp)``
 
 Arguments
 =========
 
 ``fd``
-    File descriptor returned by :ref:`open() <func-open>`.
+    File descriptor returned by :c:func:`open()`.
 
 ``argp``
    Pointer to struct :c:type:`v4l2_edid`.
-
 
 Description
 ===========
···
 the EDID data in some way. In any case, the end result is the same: the
 EDID is no longer available.
 
-
 .. c:type:: v4l2_edid
 
 .. tabularcolumns:: |p{4.4cm}|p{4.4cm}|p{8.7cm}|
···
       - ``edid``
       - Pointer to memory that contains the EDID. The minimum size is
 	``blocks`` * 128.
-
 
 Return Value
 ============

Documentation/userspace-api/media/v4l/vidioc-g-enc-index.rst

···
 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GFDL-1.1-no-invariants-or-later
+.. c:namespace:: V4L
 
 .. _VIDIOC_G_ENC_INDEX:
 
···
 
 VIDIOC_G_ENC_INDEX - Get meta data about a compressed video stream
 
-
 Synopsis
 ========
 
-.. c:function:: int ioctl( int fd, VIDIOC_G_ENC_INDEX, struct v4l2_enc_idx *argp )
-    :name: VIDIOC_G_ENC_INDEX
+.. c:macro:: VIDIOC_G_ENC_INDEX
 
+``int ioctl(int fd, VIDIOC_G_ENC_INDEX, struct v4l2_enc_idx *argp)``
 
 Arguments
 =========
 
 ``fd``
-    File descriptor returned by :ref:`open() <func-open>`.
+    File descriptor returned by :c:func:`open()`.
 
 ``argp``
     Pointer to struct :c:type:`v4l2_enc_idx`.
-
 
 Description
 ===========
···
 Currently this ioctl is only defined for MPEG-2 program streams and
 video elementary streams.
 
-
 .. tabularcolumns:: |p{3.8cm}|p{5.6cm}|p{8.1cm}|
 
 .. c:type:: v4l2_enc_idx
···
       - Meta data about a compressed video stream. Each element of the
 	array corresponds to one picture, sorted in ascending order by
 	their ``offset``.
-
 
 
 .. tabularcolumns:: |p{4.4cm}|p{4.4cm}|p{8.7cm}|
···
       - Reserved for future extensions. Drivers must set the array to
 	zero.
 
-
 .. tabularcolumns:: |p{6.6cm}|p{2.2cm}|p{8.7cm}|
 
 .. _enc-idx-flags:
···
       - 0x0F
       - *AND* the flags field with this mask to obtain the picture coding
 	type.
-
 
 Return Value
 ============

Documentation/userspace-api/media/v4l/vidioc-g-ext-ctrls.rst

···
 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GFDL-1.1-no-invariants-or-later
+.. c:namespace:: V4L
 
 .. _VIDIOC_G_EXT_CTRLS:
 
···
 
 VIDIOC_G_EXT_CTRLS - VIDIOC_S_EXT_CTRLS - VIDIOC_TRY_EXT_CTRLS - Get or set the value of several controls, try control values
 
-
 Synopsis
 ========
 
-.. c:function:: int ioctl( int fd, VIDIOC_G_EXT_CTRLS, struct v4l2_ext_controls *argp )
-    :name: VIDIOC_G_EXT_CTRLS
+.. c:macro:: VIDIOC_G_EXT_CTRLS
 
+``int ioctl(int fd, VIDIOC_G_EXT_CTRLS, struct v4l2_ext_controls *argp)``
 
-.. c:function:: int ioctl( int fd, VIDIOC_S_EXT_CTRLS, struct v4l2_ext_controls *argp )
-    :name: VIDIOC_S_EXT_CTRLS
+.. c:macro:: VIDIOC_S_EXT_CTRLS
 
+``int ioctl(int fd, VIDIOC_S_EXT_CTRLS, struct v4l2_ext_controls *argp)``
 
-.. c:function:: int ioctl( int fd, VIDIOC_TRY_EXT_CTRLS, struct v4l2_ext_controls *argp )
-    :name: VIDIOC_TRY_EXT_CTRLS
+.. c:macro:: VIDIOC_TRY_EXT_CTRLS
 
+``int ioctl(int fd, VIDIOC_TRY_EXT_CTRLS, struct v4l2_ext_controls *argp)``
 
 Arguments
 =========
 
 ``fd``
-    File descriptor returned by :ref:`open() <func-open>`.
+    File descriptor returned by :c:func:`open()`.
 
 ``argp``
     Pointer to struct :c:type:`v4l2_ext_controls`.
-
 
 Description
 ===========
···
 were set/get. Only low-level errors (e. g. a failed i2c command) can
 still cause this situation.
 
-
 .. tabularcolumns:: |p{1.2cm}|p{3.0cm}|p{1.5cm}|p{11.8cm}|
 
 .. c:type:: v4l2_ext_control
···
 	``V4L2_CTRL_FLAG_HAS_PAYLOAD`` is set for this control.
     * - }
       -
-
 
 .. tabularcolumns:: |p{4.0cm}|p{2.2cm}|p{2.1cm}|p{8.2cm}|
 
···
 
 	Ignored if ``count`` equals zero.
 
-
 .. tabularcolumns:: |p{6.6cm}|p{2.2cm}|p{8.7cm}|
 
 .. _ctrl-class:
···
       - 0xa20000
       - The class containing RF tuner controls. These controls are
 	described in :ref:`rf-tuner-controls`.
-
 
 Return Value
 ============

Documentation/userspace-api/media/v4l/vidioc-g-fbuf.rst

···
 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GFDL-1.1-no-invariants-or-later
+.. c:namespace:: V4L
 
 .. _VIDIOC_G_FBUF:
 
···
 
 VIDIOC_G_FBUF - VIDIOC_S_FBUF - Get or set frame buffer overlay parameters
 
-
 Synopsis
 ========
 
-.. c:function:: int ioctl( int fd, VIDIOC_G_FBUF, struct v4l2_framebuffer *argp )
-    :name: VIDIOC_G_FBUF
+.. c:macro:: VIDIOC_G_FBUF
 
-.. c:function:: int ioctl( int fd, VIDIOC_S_FBUF, const struct v4l2_framebuffer *argp )
-    :name: VIDIOC_S_FBUF
+``int ioctl(int fd, VIDIOC_G_FBUF, struct v4l2_framebuffer *argp)``
 
+.. c:macro:: VIDIOC_S_FBUF
+
+``int ioctl(int fd, VIDIOC_S_FBUF, const struct v4l2_framebuffer *argp)``
 
 Arguments
 =========
 
 ``fd``
-    File descriptor returned by :ref:`open() <func-open>`.
+    File descriptor returned by :c:func:`open()`.
 
 ``argp``
     Pointer to struct :c:type:`v4l2_framebuffer`.
-
 
 Description
 ===========
···
 jeopardize the system security, its stability or even damage the
 hardware, therefore only the superuser can set the parameters for a
 destructive video overlay.
-
 
 .. tabularcolumns:: |p{3.5cm}|p{3.5cm}|p{3.5cm}|p{7.0cm}|
 
···
       - ``priv``
       - Reserved. Drivers and applications must set this field to zero.
 
-
 .. tabularcolumns:: |p{6.6cm}|p{2.2cm}|p{8.7cm}|
 
 .. _framebuffer-cap:
···
       - The device supports Source Chroma-keying. Video pixels with the
 	chroma-key colors are replaced by framebuffer pixels, which is
 	exactly opposite of ``V4L2_FBUF_CAP_CHROMAKEY``
-
 
 .. tabularcolumns:: |p{6.6cm}|p{2.2cm}|p{8.7cm}|
 
···
 	and :ref:`osd`. Both chroma-keying are mutual exclusive to each
 	other, so same ``chromakey`` field of struct
 	:c:type:`v4l2_window` is being used.
-
 
 Return Value
 ============

Documentation/userspace-api/media/v4l/vidioc-g-fmt.rst

···
 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GFDL-1.1-no-invariants-or-later
+.. c:namespace:: V4L
 
 .. _VIDIOC_G_FMT:
 
···
 
 VIDIOC_G_FMT - VIDIOC_S_FMT - VIDIOC_TRY_FMT - Get or set the data format, try a format
 
-
 Synopsis
 ========
 
-.. c:function:: int ioctl( int fd, VIDIOC_G_FMT, struct v4l2_format *argp )
-    :name: VIDIOC_G_FMT
+.. c:macro:: VIDIOC_G_FMT
 
-.. c:function:: int ioctl( int fd, VIDIOC_S_FMT, struct v4l2_format *argp )
-    :name: VIDIOC_S_FMT
+``int ioctl(int fd, VIDIOC_G_FMT, struct v4l2_format *argp)``
 
-.. c:function:: int ioctl( int fd, VIDIOC_TRY_FMT, struct v4l2_format *argp )
-    :name: VIDIOC_TRY_FMT
+.. c:macro:: VIDIOC_S_FMT
+
+``int ioctl(int fd, VIDIOC_S_FMT, struct v4l2_format *argp)``
+
+.. c:macro:: VIDIOC_TRY_FMT
+
+``int ioctl(int fd, VIDIOC_TRY_FMT, struct v4l2_format *argp)``
 
 Arguments
 =========
 
 ``fd``
-    File descriptor returned by :ref:`open() <func-open>`.
+    File descriptor returned by :c:func:`open()`.
 
 ``argp``
     Pointer to struct :c:type:`v4l2_format`.
-
 
 Description
 ===========
···
 The format as returned by :ref:`VIDIOC_TRY_FMT <VIDIOC_G_FMT>` must be identical to what
 :ref:`VIDIOC_S_FMT <VIDIOC_G_FMT>` returns for the same input or output.
 
-
 .. c:type:: v4l2_format
 
 .. tabularcolumns::  |p{1.2cm}|p{4.6cm}|p{3.0cm}|p{8.6cm}|
···
       - Place holder for future extensions.
     * - }
       -
-
 
 Return Value
 ============

Documentation/userspace-api/media/v4l/vidioc-g-frequency.rst

···
 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GFDL-1.1-no-invariants-or-later
+.. c:namespace:: V4L
 
 .. _VIDIOC_G_FREQUENCY:
 
···
 
 VIDIOC_G_FREQUENCY - VIDIOC_S_FREQUENCY - Get or set tuner or modulator radio frequency
 
-
 Synopsis
 ========
 
-.. c:function:: int ioctl( int fd, VIDIOC_G_FREQUENCY, struct v4l2_frequency *argp )
-    :name: VIDIOC_G_FREQUENCY
+.. c:macro:: VIDIOC_G_FREQUENCY
 
-.. c:function:: int ioctl( int fd, VIDIOC_S_FREQUENCY, const struct v4l2_frequency *argp )
-    :name: VIDIOC_S_FREQUENCY
+``int ioctl(int fd, VIDIOC_G_FREQUENCY, struct v4l2_frequency *argp)``
 
+.. c:macro:: VIDIOC_S_FREQUENCY
+
+``int ioctl(int fd, VIDIOC_S_FREQUENCY, const struct v4l2_frequency *argp)``
 
 Arguments
 =========
 
 ``fd``
-    File descriptor returned by :ref:`open() <func-open>`.
+    File descriptor returned by :c:func:`open()`.
 
 ``argp``
     Pointer to struct :c:type:`v4l2_frequency`.
-
 
 Description
 ===========
···
 structure. When the requested frequency is not possible the driver
 assumes the closest possible value. However :ref:`VIDIOC_S_FREQUENCY <VIDIOC_G_FREQUENCY>` is a
 write-only ioctl, it does not return the actual new frequency.
-
 
 .. tabularcolumns:: |p{4.4cm}|p{4.4cm}|p{8.7cm}|
 
···
       - ``reserved``\ [8]
       - Reserved for future extensions. Drivers and applications must set
 	the array to zero.
-
 
 Return Value
 ============

Documentation/userspace-api/media/v4l/vidioc-g-input.rst

···
 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GFDL-1.1-no-invariants-or-later
+.. c:namespace:: V4L
 
 .. _VIDIOC_G_INPUT:
 
···
 
 VIDIOC_G_INPUT - VIDIOC_S_INPUT - Query or select the current video input
 
-
 Synopsis
 ========
 
-.. c:function:: int ioctl( int fd, VIDIOC_G_INPUT, int *argp )
-    :name: VIDIOC_G_INPUT
+.. c:macro:: VIDIOC_G_INPUT
 
-.. c:function:: int ioctl( int fd, VIDIOC_S_INPUT, int *argp )
-    :name: VIDIOC_S_INPUT
+``int ioctl(int fd, VIDIOC_G_INPUT, int *argp)``
 
+.. c:macro:: VIDIOC_S_INPUT
+
+``int ioctl(int fd, VIDIOC_S_INPUT, int *argp)``
 
 Arguments
 =========
 
 ``fd``
-    File descriptor returned by :ref:`open() <func-open>`.
+    File descriptor returned by :c:func:`open()`.
 
 ``argp``
     Pointer an integer with input index.
-
 
 Description
 ===========
···
 
 Information about video inputs is available using the
 :ref:`VIDIOC_ENUMINPUT` ioctl.
-
 
 Return Value
 ============

Documentation/userspace-api/media/v4l/vidioc-g-jpegcomp.rst

···
 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GFDL-1.1-no-invariants-or-later
+.. c:namespace:: V4L
 
 .. _VIDIOC_G_JPEGCOMP:
 
···
 
 VIDIOC_G_JPEGCOMP - VIDIOC_S_JPEGCOMP
 
-
 Synopsis
 ========
 
-.. c:function:: int ioctl( int fd, VIDIOC_G_JPEGCOMP, v4l2_jpegcompression *argp )
-    :name: VIDIOC_G_JPEGCOMP
+.. c:macro:: VIDIOC_G_JPEGCOMP
 
-.. c:function:: int ioctl( int fd, VIDIOC_S_JPEGCOMP, const v4l2_jpegcompression *argp )
-    :name: VIDIOC_S_JPEGCOMP
+``int ioctl(int fd, VIDIOC_G_JPEGCOMP, v4l2_jpegcompression *argp)``
 
+.. c:macro:: VIDIOC_S_JPEGCOMP
+
+``int ioctl(int fd, VIDIOC_S_JPEGCOMP, const v4l2_jpegcompression *argp)``
 
 Arguments
 =========
 
 ``fd``
-    File descriptor returned by :ref:`open() <func-open>`.
+    File descriptor returned by :c:func:`open()`.
 
 ``argp``
     Pointer to struct :c:type:`v4l2_jpegcompression`.
-
 
 Description
 ===========
···
 stored in the JPEG-encoded fields. These define how the JPEG field is
 encoded. If you omit them, applications assume you've used standard
 encoding. You usually do want to add them.
-
 
 .. tabularcolumns:: |p{1.2cm}|p{3.0cm}|p{13.3cm}|
 
···
 	control is exposed by a driver applications should use it instead
 	and ignore this field.
 
-
 .. tabularcolumns:: |p{6.6cm}|p{2.2cm}|p{8.7cm}|
 
 .. _jpeg-markers:
···
     * - ``V4L2_JPEG_MARKER_APP``
       - (1<<7)
       - App segment, driver will always use APP0
-
 
 Return Value
 ============

Documentation/userspace-api/media/v4l/vidioc-g-modulator.rst

···
 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GFDL-1.1-no-invariants-or-later
+.. c:namespace:: V4L
 
 .. _VIDIOC_G_MODULATOR:
 
···
 
 VIDIOC_G_MODULATOR - VIDIOC_S_MODULATOR - Get or set modulator attributes
 
-
 Synopsis
 ========
 
-.. c:function:: int ioctl( int fd, VIDIOC_G_MODULATOR, struct v4l2_modulator *argp )
-    :name: VIDIOC_G_MODULATOR
+.. c:macro:: VIDIOC_G_MODULATOR
 
-.. c:function:: int ioctl( int fd, VIDIOC_S_MODULATOR, const struct v4l2_modulator *argp )
-    :name: VIDIOC_S_MODULATOR
+``int ioctl(int fd, VIDIOC_G_MODULATOR, struct v4l2_modulator *argp)``
 
+.. c:macro:: VIDIOC_S_MODULATOR
+
+``int ioctl(int fd, VIDIOC_S_MODULATOR, const struct v4l2_modulator *argp)``
 
 Arguments
 =========
 
 ``fd``
-    File descriptor returned by :ref:`open() <func-open>`.
+    File descriptor returned by :c:func:`open()`.
 
 ``argp``
     Pointer to struct :c:type:`v4l2_modulator`.
-
 
 Description
 ===========
···
 
 To change the radio frequency the
 :ref:`VIDIOC_S_FREQUENCY <VIDIOC_G_FREQUENCY>` ioctl is available.
-
 
 .. tabularcolumns:: |p{2.9cm}|p{2.9cm}|p{5.8cm}|p{2.9cm}|p{3.0cm}|
 
···
 	Drivers and applications must set the array to zero.
 
 
-
 .. tabularcolumns:: |p{6.6cm}|p{2.2cm}|p{8.7cm}|
 
 .. _modulator-txsubchans:
···
     * - ``V4L2_TUNER_SUB_RDS``
       - 0x0010
       - Enable the RDS encoder for a radio FM transmitter.
-
 
 Return Value
 ============

Documentation/userspace-api/media/v4l/vidioc-g-output.rst

···
 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GFDL-1.1-no-invariants-or-later
+.. c:namespace:: V4L
 
 .. _VIDIOC_G_OUTPUT:
 
···
 
 VIDIOC_G_OUTPUT - VIDIOC_S_OUTPUT - Query or select the current video output
 
-
 Synopsis
 ========
 
-.. c:function:: int ioctl( int fd, VIDIOC_G_OUTPUT, int *argp )
-    :name: VIDIOC_G_OUTPUT
+.. c:macro:: VIDIOC_G_OUTPUT
 
-.. c:function:: int ioctl( int fd, VIDIOC_S_OUTPUT, int *argp )
-    :name: VIDIOC_S_OUTPUT
+``int ioctl(int fd, VIDIOC_G_OUTPUT, int *argp)``
 
+.. c:macro:: VIDIOC_S_OUTPUT
+
+``int ioctl(int fd, VIDIOC_S_OUTPUT, int *argp)``
 
 Arguments
 =========
 
 ``fd``
-    File descriptor returned by :ref:`open() <func-open>`.
+    File descriptor returned by :c:func:`open()`.
 
 ``argp``
     Pointer to an integer with output index.
-
 
 Description
 ===========
···
 
 Information about video outputs is available using the
 :ref:`VIDIOC_ENUMOUTPUT` ioctl.
-
 
 Return Value
 ============

Documentation/userspace-api/media/v4l/vidioc-g-parm.rst

···
 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GFDL-1.1-no-invariants-or-later
+.. c:namespace:: V4L
 
 .. _VIDIOC_G_PARM:
 
···
 
 VIDIOC_G_PARM - VIDIOC_S_PARM - Get or set streaming parameters
 
-
 Synopsis
 ========
 
-.. c:function:: int ioctl( int fd, VIDIOC_G_PARM, v4l2_streamparm *argp )
-    :name: VIDIOC_G_PARM
+.. c:macro:: VIDIOC_G_PARM
 
-.. c:function:: int ioctl( int fd, VIDIOC_S_PARM, v4l2_streamparm *argp )
-    :name: VIDIOC_S_PARM
+``int ioctl(int fd, VIDIOC_G_PARM, v4l2_streamparm *argp)``
 
+.. c:macro:: VIDIOC_S_PARM
+
+``int ioctl(int fd, VIDIOC_S_PARM, v4l2_streamparm *argp)``
 
 Arguments
 =========
 
 ``fd``
-    File descriptor returned by :ref:`open() <func-open>`.
+    File descriptor returned by :c:func:`open()`.
 
 ``argp``
     Pointer to struct :c:type:`v4l2_streamparm`.
-
 
 Description
 ===========
···
 
 Further these ioctls can be used to determine the number of buffers used
 internally by a driver in read/write mode. For implications see the
-section discussing the :ref:`read() <func-read>` function.
+section discussing the :c:func:`read()` function.
 
 To get and set the streaming parameters applications call the
 :ref:`VIDIOC_G_PARM <VIDIOC_G_PARM>` and
 :ref:`VIDIOC_S_PARM <VIDIOC_G_PARM>` ioctl, respectively. They take a
 pointer to a struct :c:type:`v4l2_streamparm` which contains a
 union holding separate parameters for input and output devices.
-
 
 .. tabularcolumns:: |p{3.5cm}|p{3.5cm}|p{3.5cm}|p{7.0cm}|
 
···
       - A place holder for future extensions.
     * - }
       -
-
 
 
 .. tabularcolumns:: |p{4.4cm}|p{4.4cm}|p{8.7cm}|
···
     * - __u32
       - ``readbuffers``
       - Applications set this field to the desired number of buffers used
-	internally by the driver in :ref:`read() <func-read>` mode.
+	internally by the driver in :c:func:`read()` mode.
 	Drivers return the actual number of buffers. When an application
 	requests zero buffers, drivers should just return the current
 	setting rather than the minimum or an error code. For details see
···
       - ``reserved``\ [4]
       - Reserved for future extensions. Drivers and applications must set
 	the array to zero.
-
 
 
 .. tabularcolumns:: |p{4.4cm}|p{4.4cm}|p{8.7cm}|
···
     * - :cspan:`2`
 
 	The field is intended to repeat frames on the driver side in
-	:ref:`write() <func-write>` mode (in streaming mode timestamps
+	:c:func:`write()` mode (in streaming mode timestamps
 	can be used to throttle the output), saving I/O bandwidth.
 
 	For stateful encoders (see :ref:`encoder`) this represents the
···
     * - __u32
       - ``writebuffers``
       - Applications set this field to the desired number of buffers used
-	internally by the driver in :ref:`write() <func-write>` mode. Drivers
+	internally by the driver in :c:func:`write()` mode. Drivers
 	return the actual number of buffers. When an application requests
 	zero buffers, drivers should just return the current setting
 	rather than the minimum or an error code. For details see
···
       - ``reserved``\ [4]
       - Reserved for future extensions. Drivers and applications must set
 	the array to zero.
-
 
 
 .. tabularcolumns:: |p{6.6cm}|p{2.2cm}|p{8.7cm}|
···
       - 0x1000
       - The frame period can be modified by setting the ``timeperframe``
 	field.
-
 
 
 .. tabularcolumns:: |p{6.6cm}|p{2.2cm}|p{8.7cm}|
···
 
 	-  Moving objects in the image might have excessive motion blur.
 
-	-  Capture might only work through the :ref:`read() <func-read>` call.
-
+	-  Capture might only work through the :c:func:`read()` call.
 
 Return Value
 ============

Documentation/userspace-api/media/v4l/vidioc-g-priority.rst

···
 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GFDL-1.1-no-invariants-or-later
+.. c:namespace:: V4L
 
 .. _VIDIOC_G_PRIORITY:
 
···
 
 VIDIOC_G_PRIORITY - VIDIOC_S_PRIORITY - Query or request the access priority associated with a file descriptor
 
-
 Synopsis
 ========
 
-.. c:function:: int ioctl( int fd, VIDIOC_G_PRIORITY, enum v4l2_priority *argp )
-    :name: VIDIOC_G_PRIORITY
+.. c:macro:: VIDIOC_G_PRIORITY
 
-.. c:function:: int ioctl( int fd, VIDIOC_S_PRIORITY, const enum v4l2_priority *argp )
-    :name: VIDIOC_S_PRIORITY
+``int ioctl(int fd, VIDIOC_G_PRIORITY, enum v4l2_priority *argp)``
 
+.. c:macro:: VIDIOC_S_PRIORITY
+
+``int ioctl(int fd, VIDIOC_S_PRIORITY, const enum v4l2_priority *argp)``
 
 Arguments
 =========
 
 ``fd``
-    File descriptor returned by :ref:`open() <func-open>`.
+    File descriptor returned by :c:func:`open()`.
 
 ``argp``
     Pointer to an enum :c:type:`v4l2_priority` type.
-
 
 Description
 ===========
···
 To request an access priority applications store the desired priority in
 an enum v4l2_priority variable and call :ref:`VIDIOC_S_PRIORITY <VIDIOC_G_PRIORITY>` ioctl
 with a pointer to this variable.
-
 
 .. c:type:: v4l2_priority
 
···
       - Highest priority. Only one file descriptor can have this priority,
 	it blocks any other fd from changing device properties. Usually
 	applications which must not be interrupted, like video recording.
-
 
 Return Value
 ============

Documentation/userspace-api/media/v4l/vidioc-g-selection.rst

···
 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GFDL-1.1-no-invariants-or-later
+.. c:namespace:: V4L
 
 .. _VIDIOC_G_SELECTION:
 
···
 
 VIDIOC_G_SELECTION - VIDIOC_S_SELECTION - Get or set one of the selection rectangles
 
-
 Synopsis
 ========
 
-.. c:function:: int ioctl( int fd, VIDIOC_G_SELECTION, struct v4l2_selection *argp )
-    :name: VIDIOC_G_SELECTION
+.. c:macro:: VIDIOC_G_SELECTION
 
+``int ioctl(int fd, VIDIOC_G_SELECTION, struct v4l2_selection *argp)``
 
-.. c:function:: int ioctl( int fd, VIDIOC_S_SELECTION, struct v4l2_selection *argp )
-    :name: VIDIOC_S_SELECTION
+.. c:macro:: VIDIOC_S_SELECTION
 
+``int ioctl(int fd, VIDIOC_S_SELECTION, struct v4l2_selection *argp)``
 
 Arguments
 =========
 
 ``fd``
-    File descriptor returned by :ref:`open() <func-open>`.
+    File descriptor returned by :c:func:`open()`.
 
 ``argp``
     Pointer to struct :c:type:`v4l2_selection`.
···
 Selection targets and flags are documented in
 :ref:`v4l2-selections-common`.
 
-
 .. _sel-const-adjust:
 
 .. kernel-figure::  constraints.svg
···
     Size adjustments with constraint flags.
 
     Behaviour of rectangle adjustment for different constraint flags.
-
 
 
 
···
    ``_MPLANE`` at the end).
 
    Starting with kernel 4.13 both variations are allowed.
-
 
 Return Value
 ============

Documentation/userspace-api/media/v4l/vidioc-g-sliced-vbi-cap.rst

···
 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GFDL-1.1-no-invariants-or-later
+.. c:namespace:: V4L
 
 .. _VIDIOC_G_SLICED_VBI_CAP:
 
···
 
 VIDIOC_G_SLICED_VBI_CAP - Query sliced VBI capabilities
 
-
 Synopsis
 ========
 
-.. c:function:: int ioctl( int fd, VIDIOC_G_SLICED_VBI_CAP, struct v4l2_sliced_vbi_cap *argp )
-    :name: VIDIOC_G_SLICED_VBI_CAP
+.. c:macro:: VIDIOC_G_SLICED_VBI_CAP
 
+``int ioctl(int fd, VIDIOC_G_SLICED_VBI_CAP, struct v4l2_sliced_vbi_cap *argp)``
 
 Arguments
 =========
 
 ``fd``
-    File descriptor returned by :ref:`open() <func-open>`.
+    File descriptor returned by :c:func:`open()`.
 
 ``argp``
     Pointer to struct :c:type:`v4l2_sliced_vbi_cap`.
-
 
 Description
 ===========
···
 
    The ``type`` field was added, and the ioctl changed from read-only
    to write-read, in Linux 2.6.19.
-
 
 .. c:type:: v4l2_sliced_vbi_cap
 
···
 
    See also :ref:`vbi-525` and :ref:`vbi-625`.
 
-
 .. raw:: latex
 
     \scriptsize
···
 .. raw:: latex
 
     \normalsize
-
 
 Return Value
 ============

Documentation/userspace-api/media/v4l/vidioc-g-std.rst

···
 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GFDL-1.1-no-invariants-or-later
+.. c:namespace:: V4L
 
 .. _VIDIOC_G_STD:
 
···
 
 VIDIOC_G_STD - VIDIOC_S_STD - VIDIOC_SUBDEV_G_STD - VIDIOC_SUBDEV_S_STD - Query or select the video standard of the current input
 
-
 Synopsis
 ========
 
-.. c:function:: int ioctl( int fd, VIDIOC_G_STD, v4l2_std_id *argp )
-    :name: VIDIOC_G_STD
+.. c:macro:: VIDIOC_G_STD
 
-.. c:function:: int ioctl( int fd, VIDIOC_S_STD, const v4l2_std_id *argp )
-    :name: VIDIOC_S_STD
+``int ioctl(int fd, VIDIOC_G_STD, v4l2_std_id *argp)``
 
-.. c:function:: int ioctl( int fd, VIDIOC_SUBDEV_G_STD, v4l2_std_id *argp )
-    :name: VIDIOC_SUBDEV_G_STD
+.. c:macro:: VIDIOC_S_STD
 
-.. c:function:: int ioctl( int fd, VIDIOC_SUBDEV_S_STD, const v4l2_std_id *argp )
-    :name: VIDIOC_SUBDEV_S_STD
+``int ioctl(int fd, VIDIOC_S_STD, const v4l2_std_id *argp)``
 
+.. c:macro:: VIDIOC_SUBDEV_G_STD
+
+``int ioctl(int fd, VIDIOC_SUBDEV_G_STD, v4l2_std_id *argp)``
+
+.. c:macro:: VIDIOC_SUBDEV_S_STD
+
+``int ioctl(int fd, VIDIOC_SUBDEV_S_STD, const v4l2_std_id *argp)``
 
 Arguments
 =========
 
 ``fd``
-    File descriptor returned by :ref:`open() <func-open>`.
+    File descriptor returned by :c:func:`open()`.
 
 ``argp``
     Pointer to :c:type:`v4l2_std_id`.
-
 
 Description
 ===========

Documentation/userspace-api/media/v4l/vidioc-g-tuner.rst

···
 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GFDL-1.1-no-invariants-or-later
+.. c:namespace:: V4L
 
 .. _VIDIOC_G_TUNER:
 
···
 
 VIDIOC_G_TUNER - VIDIOC_S_TUNER - Get or set tuner attributes
 
-
 Synopsis
 ========
 
-.. c:function:: int ioctl( int fd, VIDIOC_G_TUNER, struct v4l2_tuner *argp )
-    :name: VIDIOC_G_TUNER
+.. c:macro:: VIDIOC_G_TUNER
 
-.. c:function:: int ioctl( int fd, VIDIOC_S_TUNER, const struct v4l2_tuner *argp )
-    :name: VIDIOC_S_TUNER
+``int ioctl(int fd, VIDIOC_G_TUNER, struct v4l2_tuner *argp)``
 
+.. c:macro:: VIDIOC_S_TUNER
+
+``int ioctl(int fd, VIDIOC_S_TUNER, const struct v4l2_tuner *argp)``
 
 Arguments
 =========
 
 ``fd``
-    File descriptor returned by :ref:`open() <func-open>`.
+    File descriptor returned by :c:func:`open()`.
 
 ``argp``
     Pointer to struct :c:type:`v4l2_tuner`.
-
 
 Description
 ===========
···
 
 To change the radio frequency the
 :ref:`VIDIOC_S_FREQUENCY <VIDIOC_G_FREQUENCY>` ioctl is available.
-
 
  .. tabularcolumns:: |p{1.3cm}|p{3.0cm}|p{6.6cm}|p{6.6cm}|
 
···
 	Drivers and applications must set the array to zero.
 
 
-
 .. tabularcolumns:: |p{6.6cm}|p{2.2cm}|p{8.7cm}|
 
 .. c:type:: v4l2_tuner_type
···
     * - ``V4L2_TUNER_RF``
       - 5
       - Tuner controls the RF part of a Software Digital Radio (SDR)
-
 
 .. tabularcolumns:: |p{6.6cm}|p{2.2cm}|p{8.7cm}|
 
···
 	instead of 62.5 kHz.
 
 
-
 .. tabularcolumns:: |p{6.6cm}|p{2.2cm}|p{8.7cm}|
 
 .. _tuner-rxsubchans:
···
     * - ``V4L2_TUNER_SUB_RDS``
       - 0x0010
       - The tuner receives an RDS channel.
-
 
 
 .. tabularcolumns:: |p{6.6cm}|p{2.2cm}|p{8.7cm}|

Documentation/userspace-api/media/v4l/vidioc-log-status.rst

···
 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GFDL-1.1-no-invariants-or-later
+.. c:namespace:: V4L
 
 .. _VIDIOC_LOG_STATUS:
 
···
 
 VIDIOC_LOG_STATUS - Log driver status information
 
-
 Synopsis
 ========
 
-.. c:function:: int ioctl( int fd, VIDIOC_LOG_STATUS)
-    :name: VIDIOC_LOG_STATUS
+.. c:macro:: VIDIOC_LOG_STATUS
 
+``int ioctl(int fd, VIDIOC_LOG_STATUS)``
 
 Arguments
 =========
 
 ``fd``
-    File descriptor returned by :ref:`open() <func-open>`.
-
+    File descriptor returned by :c:func:`open()`.
 
 Description
 ===========
···
 
 This ioctl is optional and not all drivers support it. It was introduced
 in Linux 2.6.15.
-
 
 Return Value
 ============

Documentation/userspace-api/media/v4l/vidioc-overlay.rst

···
 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GFDL-1.1-no-invariants-or-later
+.. c:namespace:: V4L
 
 .. _VIDIOC_OVERLAY:
 
···
 
 VIDIOC_OVERLAY - Start or stop video overlay
 
-
 Synopsis
 ========
 
-.. c:function:: int ioctl( int fd, VIDIOC_OVERLAY, const int *argp )
-    :name: VIDIOC_OVERLAY
+.. c:macro:: VIDIOC_OVERLAY
 
+``int ioctl(int fd, VIDIOC_OVERLAY, const int *argp)``
 
 Arguments
 =========
 
 ``fd``
-    File descriptor returned by :ref:`open() <func-open>`.
+    File descriptor returned by :c:func:`open()`.
 
 ``argp``
     Pointer to an integer.
-
 
 Description
 ===========
···
 Drivers do not support :ref:`VIDIOC_STREAMON` or
 :ref:`VIDIOC_STREAMOFF <VIDIOC_STREAMON>` with
 ``V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_OVERLAY``.
-
 
 Return Value
 ============

Documentation/userspace-api/media/v4l/vidioc-prepare-buf.rst

···
 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GFDL-1.1-no-invariants-or-later
+.. c:namespace:: V4L
 
 .. _VIDIOC_PREPARE_BUF:
 
···
 
 VIDIOC_PREPARE_BUF - Prepare a buffer for I/O
 
-
 Synopsis
 ========
 
-.. c:function:: int ioctl( int fd, VIDIOC_PREPARE_BUF, struct v4l2_buffer *argp )
-    :name: VIDIOC_PREPARE_BUF
+.. c:macro:: VIDIOC_PREPARE_BUF
 
+``int ioctl(int fd, VIDIOC_PREPARE_BUF, struct v4l2_buffer *argp)``
 
 Arguments
 =========
 
 ``fd``
-    File descriptor returned by :ref:`open() <func-open>`.
+    File descriptor returned by :c:func:`open()`.
 
 ``argp``
     Pointer to struct :c:type:`v4l2_buffer`.
-
 
 Description
 ===========
···
 
 The struct :c:type:`v4l2_buffer` structure is specified in
 :ref:`buffer`.
-
 
 Return Value
 ============

Documentation/userspace-api/media/v4l/vidioc-qbuf.rst

···
 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GFDL-1.1-no-invariants-or-later
+.. c:namespace:: V4L
 
 .. _VIDIOC_QBUF:
 
···
 
 VIDIOC_QBUF - VIDIOC_DQBUF - Exchange a buffer with the driver
 
-
 Synopsis
 ========
 
-.. c:function:: int ioctl( int fd, VIDIOC_QBUF, struct v4l2_buffer *argp )
-    :name: VIDIOC_QBUF
+.. c:macro:: VIDIOC_QBUF
 
-.. c:function:: int ioctl( int fd, VIDIOC_DQBUF, struct v4l2_buffer *argp )
-    :name: VIDIOC_DQBUF
+``int ioctl(int fd, VIDIOC_QBUF, struct v4l2_buffer *argp)``
 
+.. c:macro:: VIDIOC_DQBUF
+
+``int ioctl(int fd, VIDIOC_DQBUF, struct v4l2_buffer *argp)``
 
 Arguments
 =========
 
 ``fd``
-    File descriptor returned by :ref:`open() <func-open>`.
+    File descriptor returned by :c:func:`open()`.
 
 ``argp``
     Pointer to struct :c:type:`v4l2_buffer`.
-
 
 Description
 ===========
···
 
 By default ``VIDIOC_DQBUF`` blocks when no buffer is in the outgoing
 queue. When the ``O_NONBLOCK`` flag was given to the
-:ref:`open() <func-open>` function, ``VIDIOC_DQBUF`` returns
+:c:func:`open()` function, ``VIDIOC_DQBUF`` returns
 immediately with an ``EAGAIN`` error code when no buffer is available.
 
 The struct :c:type:`v4l2_buffer` structure is specified in
 :ref:`buffer`.
-
 
 Return Value
 ============

Documentation/userspace-api/media/v4l/vidioc-query-dv-timings.rst

···
 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GFDL-1.1-no-invariants-or-later
+.. c:namespace:: V4L
 
 .. _VIDIOC_QUERY_DV_TIMINGS:
 
···
 
 VIDIOC_QUERY_DV_TIMINGS - VIDIOC_SUBDEV_QUERY_DV_TIMINGS - Sense the DV preset received by the current input
 
-
 Synopsis
 ========
 
-.. c:function:: int ioctl( int fd, VIDIOC_QUERY_DV_TIMINGS, struct v4l2_dv_timings *argp )
-    :name: VIDIOC_QUERY_DV_TIMINGS
+.. c:macro:: VIDIOC_QUERY_DV_TIMINGS
 
-.. c:function:: int ioctl( int fd, VIDIOC_SUBDEV_QUERY_DV_TIMINGS, struct v4l2_dv_timings *argp )
-    :name: VIDIOC_SUBDEV_QUERY_DV_TIMINGS
+``int ioctl(int fd, VIDIOC_QUERY_DV_TIMINGS, struct v4l2_dv_timings *argp)``
 
+.. c:macro:: VIDIOC_SUBDEV_QUERY_DV_TIMINGS
+
+``int ioctl(int fd, VIDIOC_SUBDEV_QUERY_DV_TIMINGS, struct v4l2_dv_timings *argp)``
 
 Arguments
 =========
 
 ``fd``
-    File descriptor returned by :ref:`open() <func-open>`.
+    File descriptor returned by :c:func:`open()`.
 
 ``argp``
     Pointer to struct :c:type:`v4l2_dv_timings`.
-
 
 Description
 ===========
···
 :ref:`VIDIOC_DV_TIMINGS_CAP` to compare the
 found timings with the hardware's capabilities in order to give more
 precise feedback to the user.
-
 
 Return Value
 ============

Documentation/userspace-api/media/v4l/vidioc-querybuf.rst

···
 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GFDL-1.1-no-invariants-or-later
+.. c:namespace:: V4L
 
 .. _VIDIOC_QUERYBUF:
 
···
 
 VIDIOC_QUERYBUF - Query the status of a buffer
 
-
 Synopsis
 ========
 
-.. c:function:: int ioctl( int fd, VIDIOC_QUERYBUF, struct v4l2_buffer *argp )
-    :name: VIDIOC_QUERYBUF
+.. c:macro:: VIDIOC_QUERYBUF
 
+``int ioctl(int fd, VIDIOC_QUERYBUF, struct v4l2_buffer *argp)``
 
 Arguments
 =========
 
 ``fd``
-    File descriptor returned by :ref:`open() <func-open>`.
+    File descriptor returned by :c:func:`open()`.
 
 ``argp``
     Pointer to struct :c:type:`v4l2_buffer`.
-
 
 Description
 ===========
···
 
 The struct :c:type:`v4l2_buffer` structure is specified in
 :ref:`buffer`.
-
 
 Return Value
 ============

Documentation/userspace-api/media/v4l/vidioc-querycap.rst

···
 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GFDL-1.1-no-invariants-or-later
+.. c:namespace:: V4L
 
 .. _VIDIOC_QUERYCAP:
 
···
 
 VIDIOC_QUERYCAP - Query device capabilities
 
-
 Synopsis
 ========
 
-.. c:function:: int ioctl( int fd, VIDIOC_QUERYCAP, struct v4l2_capability *argp )
-    :name: VIDIOC_QUERYCAP
+.. c:macro:: VIDIOC_QUERYCAP
 
+``int ioctl(int fd, VIDIOC_QUERYCAP, struct v4l2_capability *argp)``
 
 Arguments
 =========
 
 ``fd``
-    File descriptor returned by :ref:`open() <func-open>`.
+    File descriptor returned by :c:func:`open()`.
 
 ``argp``
     Pointer to struct :c:type:`v4l2_capability`.
-
 
 Description
 ===========
···
 pointer to a struct :c:type:`v4l2_capability` which is
 filled by the driver. When the driver is not compatible with this
 specification the ioctl returns an ``EINVAL`` error code.
-
 
 .. tabularcolumns:: |p{1.5cm}|p{2.5cm}|p{13cm}|
 
···
       - ``reserved``\ [3]
       - Reserved for future extensions. Drivers must set this array to
 	zero.
-
 
 
 .. tabularcolumns:: |p{6.1cm}|p{2.2cm}|p{8.7cm}|
···
       - The device supports the :ref:`metadata` capture interface.
     * - ``V4L2_CAP_READWRITE``
       - 0x01000000
-      - The device supports the :ref:`read() <rw>` and/or
-	:ref:`write() <rw>` I/O methods.
+      - The device supports the :c:func:`read()` and/or
+	:c:func:`write()` I/O methods.
     * - ``V4L2_CAP_ASYNCIO``
       - 0x02000000
       - The device supports the :ref:`asynchronous <async>` I/O methods.
···
       - The driver fills the ``device_caps`` field. This capability can
 	only appear in the ``capabilities`` field and never in the
 	``device_caps`` field.
-
 
 Return Value
 ============

Documentation/userspace-api/media/v4l/vidioc-queryctrl.rst

···
 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GFDL-1.1-no-invariants-or-later
+.. c:namespace:: V4L
 
 .. _VIDIOC_QUERYCTRL:
 
···
 
 VIDIOC_QUERYCTRL - VIDIOC_QUERY_EXT_CTRL - VIDIOC_QUERYMENU - Enumerate controls and menu control items
 
-
 Synopsis
 ========
 
-.. c:function:: int ioctl( int fd, int VIDIOC_QUERYCTRL, struct v4l2_queryctrl *argp )
-    :name: VIDIOC_QUERYCTRL
+``int ioctl(int fd, int VIDIOC_QUERYCTRL, struct v4l2_queryctrl *argp)``
 
-.. c:function:: int ioctl( int fd, VIDIOC_QUERY_EXT_CTRL, struct v4l2_query_ext_ctrl *argp )
-    :name: VIDIOC_QUERY_EXT_CTRL
+.. c:macro:: VIDIOC_QUERY_EXT_CTRL
 
-.. c:function:: int ioctl( int fd, VIDIOC_QUERYMENU, struct v4l2_querymenu *argp )
-    :name: VIDIOC_QUERYMENU
+``int ioctl(int fd, VIDIOC_QUERY_EXT_CTRL, struct v4l2_query_ext_ctrl *argp)``
 
+.. c:macro:: VIDIOC_QUERYMENU
+
+``int ioctl(int fd, VIDIOC_QUERYMENU, struct v4l2_querymenu *argp)``
 
 Arguments
 =========
 
 ``fd``
-    File descriptor returned by :ref:`open() <func-open>`.
+    File descriptor returned by :c:func:`open()`.
 
 ``argp``
     Pointer to struct :c:type:`v4l2_queryctrl`, :c:type:`v4l2_query_ext_ctrl`
     or :c:type:`v4l2_querymenu` (depending on the ioctl).
-
 
 Description
 ===========
···
    this driver. Also note that the ``minimum`` value is not necessarily 0.
 
 See also the examples in :ref:`control`.
-
 
 .. tabularcolumns:: |p{1.2cm}|p{3.6cm}|p{12.7cm}|
 
···
       - ``reserved``\ [2]
       - Reserved for future extensions. Drivers must set the array to
 	zero.
-
 
 
 .. tabularcolumns:: |p{1.2cm}|p{5.0cm}|p{11.3cm}|
···
 	the array to zero.
 
 
-
 .. tabularcolumns:: |p{1.2cm}|p{1.0cm}|p{1.7cm}|p{13.0cm}|
 
 .. _v4l2-querymenu:
···
       - ``reserved``
       - Reserved for future extensions. Drivers must set the array to
 	zero.
-
 
 
 .. tabularcolumns:: |p{5.8cm}|p{1.4cm}|p{1.0cm}|p{1.4cm}|p{6.9cm}|
···
 	``V4L2_CTRL_FLAG_GRABBED`` flag when buffers are allocated or
 	streaming is in progress since most drivers do not support changing
 	the format in that case.
-
 
 Return Value
 ============

Documentation/userspace-api/media/v4l/vidioc-querystd.rst

···
 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GFDL-1.1-no-invariants-or-later
+.. c:namespace:: V4L
 
 .. _VIDIOC_QUERYSTD:
 
···
 
 VIDIOC_QUERYSTD - VIDIOC_SUBDEV_QUERYSTD - Sense the video standard received by the current input
 
-
 Synopsis
 ========
 
-.. c:function:: int ioctl( int fd, VIDIOC_QUERYSTD, v4l2_std_id *argp )
-    :name: VIDIOC_QUERYSTD
+.. c:macro:: VIDIOC_QUERYSTD
 
-.. c:function:: int ioctl( int fd, VIDIOC_SUBDEV_QUERYSTD, v4l2_std_id *argp )
-    :name: VIDIOC_SUBDEV_QUERYSTD
+``int ioctl(int fd, VIDIOC_QUERYSTD, v4l2_std_id *argp)``
 
+.. c:macro:: VIDIOC_SUBDEV_QUERYSTD
+
+``int ioctl(int fd, VIDIOC_SUBDEV_QUERYSTD, v4l2_std_id *argp)``
 
 Arguments
 =========
 
 ``fd``
-    File descriptor returned by :ref:`open() <func-open>`.
+    File descriptor returned by :c:func:`open()`.
 
 ``argp``
     Pointer to :c:type:`v4l2_std_id`.
-
 
 Description
 ===========
···
    will have to call :ref:`VIDIOC_QUERYSTD`, and if the detected video
    standard is valid they will have to stop streaming, set the new
    standard, allocate new buffers and start streaming again.
-
 
 Return Value
 ============

Documentation/userspace-api/media/v4l/vidioc-reqbufs.rst

···
 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GFDL-1.1-no-invariants-or-later
+.. c:namespace:: V4L
 
 .. _VIDIOC_REQBUFS:
 
···
 
 VIDIOC_REQBUFS - Initiate Memory Mapping, User Pointer I/O or DMA buffer I/O
 
-
 Synopsis
 ========
 
-.. c:function:: int ioctl( int fd, VIDIOC_REQBUFS, struct v4l2_requestbuffers *argp )
-    :name: VIDIOC_REQBUFS
+.. c:macro:: VIDIOC_REQBUFS
 
+``int ioctl(int fd, VIDIOC_REQBUFS, struct v4l2_requestbuffers *argp)``
 
 Arguments
 =========
 
 ``fd``
-    File descriptor returned by :ref:`open() <func-open>`.
+    File descriptor returned by :c:func:`open()`.
 
 ``argp``
     Pointer to struct :c:type:`v4l2_requestbuffers`.
···
 fds are closed. A ``count`` value of zero frees or orphans all buffers, after
 aborting or finishing any DMA in progress, an implicit
 :ref:`VIDIOC_STREAMOFF <VIDIOC_STREAMON>`.
-
 
 .. c:type:: v4l2_requestbuffers
 
···
         queue is used for :ref:`memory mapping <mmap>` streaming I/O. See
         :ref:`V4L2_BUF_FLAG_NO_CACHE_INVALIDATE <V4L2-BUF-FLAG-NO-CACHE-INVALIDATE>` and
         :ref:`V4L2_BUF_FLAG_NO_CACHE_CLEAN <V4L2-BUF-FLAG-NO-CACHE-CLEAN>`.
-
 
 Return Value
 ============

Documentation/userspace-api/media/v4l/vidioc-s-hw-freq-seek.rst

···
 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GFDL-1.1-no-invariants-or-later
+.. c:namespace:: V4L
 
 .. _VIDIOC_S_HW_FREQ_SEEK:
 
···
 
 VIDIOC_S_HW_FREQ_SEEK - Perform a hardware frequency seek
 
-
 Synopsis
 ========
 
-.. c:function:: int ioctl( int fd, VIDIOC_S_HW_FREQ_SEEK, struct v4l2_hw_freq_seek *argp )
-    :name: VIDIOC_S_HW_FREQ_SEEK
+.. c:macro:: VIDIOC_S_HW_FREQ_SEEK
 
+``int ioctl(int fd, VIDIOC_S_HW_FREQ_SEEK, struct v4l2_hw_freq_seek *argp)``
 
 Arguments
 =========
 
 ``fd``
-    File descriptor returned by :ref:`open() <func-open>`.
+    File descriptor returned by :c:func:`open()`.
 
 ``argp``
     Pointer to struct :c:type:`v4l2_hw_freq_seek`.
-
 
 Description
 ===========
···
 
 If this ioctl is called from a non-blocking filehandle, then ``EAGAIN``
 error code is returned and no seek takes place.
-
 
 .. tabularcolumns:: |p{4.4cm}|p{4.4cm}|p{8.7cm}|
 
···
       - ``reserved``\ [5]
       - Reserved for future extensions. Applications must set the array to
 	zero.
-
 
 Return Value
 ============

Documentation/userspace-api/media/v4l/vidioc-streamon.rst

···
 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GFDL-1.1-no-invariants-or-later
+.. c:namespace:: V4L
 
 .. _VIDIOC_STREAMON:
 
···
 
 VIDIOC_STREAMON - VIDIOC_STREAMOFF - Start or stop streaming I/O
 
-
 Synopsis
 ========
 
-.. c:function:: int ioctl( int fd, VIDIOC_STREAMON, const int *argp )
-    :name: VIDIOC_STREAMON
+.. c:macro:: VIDIOC_STREAMON
 
-.. c:function:: int ioctl( int fd, VIDIOC_STREAMOFF, const int *argp )
-    :name: VIDIOC_STREAMOFF
+``int ioctl(int fd, VIDIOC_STREAMON, const int *argp)``
 
+.. c:macro:: VIDIOC_STREAMOFF
+
+``int ioctl(int fd, VIDIOC_STREAMOFF, const int *argp)``
 
 Arguments
 =========
 
 ``fd``
-    File descriptor returned by :ref:`open() <func-open>`.
+    File descriptor returned by :c:func:`open()`.
 
 ``argp``
     Pointer to an integer.
···
    or after the ``VIDIOC_STREAMON`` or ``VIDIOC_STREAMOFF`` calls, there is
    no notion of starting or stopping "now". Buffer timestamps can be used
    to synchronize with other events.
-
 
 Return Value
 ============

Documentation/userspace-api/media/v4l/vidioc-subdev-enum-frame-interval.rst

···
 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GFDL-1.1-no-invariants-or-later
+.. c:namespace:: V4L
 
 .. _VIDIOC_SUBDEV_ENUM_FRAME_INTERVAL:
 
···
 
 VIDIOC_SUBDEV_ENUM_FRAME_INTERVAL - Enumerate frame intervals
 
-
 Synopsis
 ========
 
-.. c:function:: int ioctl( int fd, VIDIOC_SUBDEV_ENUM_FRAME_INTERVAL, struct v4l2_subdev_frame_interval_enum * argp )
-    :name: VIDIOC_SUBDEV_ENUM_FRAME_INTERVAL
+.. c:macro:: VIDIOC_SUBDEV_ENUM_FRAME_INTERVAL
 
+``int ioctl(int fd, VIDIOC_SUBDEV_ENUM_FRAME_INTERVAL, struct v4l2_subdev_frame_interval_enum * argp)``
 
 Arguments
 =========
 
 ``fd``
-    File descriptor returned by :ref:`open() <func-open>`.
+    File descriptor returned by :c:func:`open()`.
 
 ``argp``
     Pointer to struct :c:type:`v4l2_subdev_frame_interval_enum`.
-
 
 Description
 ===========
···
       - ``reserved``\ [8]
       - Reserved for future extensions. Applications and drivers must set
 	the array to zero.
-
 
 Return Value
 ============

Documentation/userspace-api/media/v4l/vidioc-subdev-enum-frame-size.rst

···
 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GFDL-1.1-no-invariants-or-later
+.. c:namespace:: V4L
 
 .. _VIDIOC_SUBDEV_ENUM_FRAME_SIZE:
 
···
 
 VIDIOC_SUBDEV_ENUM_FRAME_SIZE - Enumerate media bus frame sizes
 
-
 Synopsis
 ========
 
-.. c:function:: int ioctl( int fd, VIDIOC_SUBDEV_ENUM_FRAME_SIZE, struct v4l2_subdev_frame_size_enum * argp )
-    :name: VIDIOC_SUBDEV_ENUM_FRAME_SIZE
+.. c:macro:: VIDIOC_SUBDEV_ENUM_FRAME_SIZE
 
+``int ioctl(int fd, VIDIOC_SUBDEV_ENUM_FRAME_SIZE, struct v4l2_subdev_frame_size_enum * argp)``
 
 Arguments
 =========
 
 ``fd``
-    File descriptor returned by :ref:`open() <func-open>`.
+    File descriptor returned by :c:func:`open()`.
 
 ``argp``
     Pointer to struct :c:type:`v4l2_subdev_frame_size_enum`.
-
 
 Description
 ===========
···
 current values of V4L2 controls. See
 :ref:`VIDIOC_SUBDEV_G_FMT` for more
 information about try formats.
-
 
 .. c:type:: v4l2_subdev_frame_size_enum
 
···
       - ``reserved``\ [8]
       - Reserved for future extensions. Applications and drivers must set
 	the array to zero.
-
 
 Return Value
 ============

Documentation/userspace-api/media/v4l/vidioc-subdev-enum-mbus-code.rst

···
 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GFDL-1.1-no-invariants-or-later
+.. c:namespace:: V4L
 
 .. _VIDIOC_SUBDEV_ENUM_MBUS_CODE:
 
···
 
 VIDIOC_SUBDEV_ENUM_MBUS_CODE - Enumerate media bus formats
 
-
 Synopsis
 ========
 
-.. c:function:: int ioctl( int fd, VIDIOC_SUBDEV_ENUM_MBUS_CODE, struct v4l2_subdev_mbus_code_enum * argp )
-    :name: VIDIOC_SUBDEV_ENUM_MBUS_CODE
+.. c:macro:: VIDIOC_SUBDEV_ENUM_MBUS_CODE
 
+``int ioctl(int fd, VIDIOC_SUBDEV_ENUM_MBUS_CODE, struct v4l2_subdev_mbus_code_enum * argp)``
 
 Arguments
 =========
 
 ``fd``
-    File descriptor returned by :ref:`open() <func-open>`.
+    File descriptor returned by :c:func:`open()`.
 
 ``argp``
     Pointer to struct :c:type:`v4l2_subdev_mbus_code_enum`.
-
 
 Description
 ===========
···
 other pads of the sub-device, as well as on the current active links.
 See :ref:`VIDIOC_SUBDEV_G_FMT` for more
 information about the try formats.
-
 
 .. c:type:: v4l2_subdev_mbus_code_enum
 

Documentation/userspace-api/media/v4l/vidioc-subdev-g-crop.rst

···
 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GFDL-1.1-no-invariants-or-later
+.. c:namespace:: V4L
 
 .. _VIDIOC_SUBDEV_G_CROP:
 
···
 
 VIDIOC_SUBDEV_G_CROP - VIDIOC_SUBDEV_S_CROP - Get or set the crop rectangle on a subdev pad
 
-
 Synopsis
 ========
 
-.. c:function:: int ioctl( int fd, VIDIOC_SUBDEV_G_CROP, struct v4l2_subdev_crop *argp )
-    :name: VIDIOC_SUBDEV_G_CROP
+.. c:macro:: VIDIOC_SUBDEV_G_CROP
 
-.. c:function:: int ioctl( int fd, VIDIOC_SUBDEV_S_CROP, const struct v4l2_subdev_crop *argp )
-    :name: VIDIOC_SUBDEV_S_CROP
+``int ioctl(int fd, VIDIOC_SUBDEV_G_CROP, struct v4l2_subdev_crop *argp)``
 
+.. c:macro:: VIDIOC_SUBDEV_S_CROP
+
+``int ioctl(int fd, VIDIOC_SUBDEV_S_CROP, const struct v4l2_subdev_crop *argp)``
 
 Arguments
 =========
 
 ``fd``
-    File descriptor returned by :ref:`open() <func-open>`.
+    File descriptor returned by :c:func:`open()`.
 
 ``argp``
     Pointer to struct :c:type:`v4l2_subdev_crop`.
-
 
 Description
 ===========
···
 modify the rectangle to match what the hardware can provide. The
 modified format should be as close as possible to the original request.
 
-
 .. c:type:: v4l2_subdev_crop
 
 .. tabularcolumns:: |p{4.4cm}|p{4.4cm}|p{8.7cm}|
···
       - ``reserved``\ [8]
       - Reserved for future extensions. Applications and drivers must set
 	the array to zero.
-
 
 Return Value
 ============

Documentation/userspace-api/media/v4l/vidioc-subdev-g-fmt.rst

···
 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GFDL-1.1-no-invariants-or-later
+.. c:namespace:: V4L
 
 .. _VIDIOC_SUBDEV_G_FMT:
 
···
 
 VIDIOC_SUBDEV_G_FMT - VIDIOC_SUBDEV_S_FMT - Get or set the data format on a subdev pad
 
-
 Synopsis
 ========
 
-.. c:function:: int ioctl( int fd, VIDIOC_SUBDEV_G_FMT, struct v4l2_subdev_format *argp )
-    :name: VIDIOC_SUBDEV_G_FMT
+.. c:macro:: VIDIOC_SUBDEV_G_FMT
 
-.. c:function:: int ioctl( int fd, VIDIOC_SUBDEV_S_FMT, struct v4l2_subdev_format *argp )
-    :name: VIDIOC_SUBDEV_S_FMT
+``int ioctl(int fd, VIDIOC_SUBDEV_G_FMT, struct v4l2_subdev_format *argp)``
 
+.. c:macro:: VIDIOC_SUBDEV_S_FMT
+
+``int ioctl(int fd, VIDIOC_SUBDEV_S_FMT, struct v4l2_subdev_format *argp)``
 
 Arguments
 =========
 
 ``fd``
-    File descriptor returned by :ref:`open() <func-open>`.
+    File descriptor returned by :c:func:`open()`.
 
 ``argp``
     Pointer to struct :c:type:`v4l2_subdev_format`.
-
 
 Description
 ===========
···
 format to match what the hardware can provide. The modified format
 should be as close as possible to the original request.
 
-
 .. tabularcolumns:: |p{4.4cm}|p{4.4cm}|p{8.7cm}|
 
 .. c:type:: v4l2_subdev_format
···
 	the array to zero.
 
 
-
 .. tabularcolumns:: |p{6.6cm}|p{2.2cm}|p{8.7cm}|
 
 .. _v4l2-subdev-format-whence:
···
     * - V4L2_SUBDEV_FORMAT_ACTIVE
       - 1
       - Active formats, applied to the hardware.
-
 
 Return Value
 ============

Documentation/userspace-api/media/v4l/vidioc-subdev-g-frame-interval.rst

···
 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GFDL-1.1-no-invariants-or-later
+.. c:namespace:: V4L
 
 .. _VIDIOC_SUBDEV_G_FRAME_INTERVAL:
 
···
 
 VIDIOC_SUBDEV_G_FRAME_INTERVAL - VIDIOC_SUBDEV_S_FRAME_INTERVAL - Get or set the frame interval on a subdev pad
 
-
 Synopsis
 ========
 
-.. c:function:: int ioctl( int fd, VIDIOC_SUBDEV_G_FRAME_INTERVAL, struct v4l2_subdev_frame_interval *argp )
-    :name: VIDIOC_SUBDEV_G_FRAME_INTERVAL
+.. c:macro:: VIDIOC_SUBDEV_G_FRAME_INTERVAL
 
-.. c:function:: int ioctl( int fd, VIDIOC_SUBDEV_S_FRAME_INTERVAL, struct v4l2_subdev_frame_interval *argp )
-    :name: VIDIOC_SUBDEV_S_FRAME_INTERVAL
+``int ioctl(int fd, VIDIOC_SUBDEV_G_FRAME_INTERVAL, struct v4l2_subdev_frame_interval *argp)``
 
+.. c:macro:: VIDIOC_SUBDEV_S_FRAME_INTERVAL
+
+``int ioctl(int fd, VIDIOC_SUBDEV_S_FRAME_INTERVAL, struct v4l2_subdev_frame_interval *argp)``
 
 Arguments
 =========
 
 ``fd``
-    File descriptor returned by :ref:`open() <func-open>`.
+    File descriptor returned by :c:func:`open()`.
 
 ``argp``
     Pointer to struct :c:type:`v4l2_subdev_frame_interval`.
-
 
 Description
 ===========
···
 on a single pad only. Their behaviour when supported on multiple pads of
 the same sub-device is not defined.
 
-
 .. c:type:: v4l2_subdev_frame_interval
 
 .. tabularcolumns:: |p{4.4cm}|p{4.4cm}|p{8.7cm}|
···
       - ``reserved``\ [9]
       - Reserved for future extensions. Applications and drivers must set
 	the array to zero.
-
 
 Return Value
 ============

Documentation/userspace-api/media/v4l/vidioc-subdev-g-selection.rst

···
 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GFDL-1.1-no-invariants-or-later
+.. c:namespace:: V4L
 
 .. _VIDIOC_SUBDEV_G_SELECTION:
 
···
 
 VIDIOC_SUBDEV_G_SELECTION - VIDIOC_SUBDEV_S_SELECTION - Get or set selection rectangles on a subdev pad
 
-
 Synopsis
 ========
 
-.. c:function:: int ioctl( int fd, VIDIOC_SUBDEV_G_SELECTION, struct v4l2_subdev_selection *argp )
-    :name: VIDIOC_SUBDEV_G_SELECTION
+.. c:macro:: VIDIOC_SUBDEV_G_SELECTION
 
-.. c:function:: int ioctl( int fd, VIDIOC_SUBDEV_S_SELECTION, struct v4l2_subdev_selection *argp )
-    :name: VIDIOC_SUBDEV_S_SELECTION
+``int ioctl(int fd, VIDIOC_SUBDEV_G_SELECTION, struct v4l2_subdev_selection *argp)``
 
+.. c:macro:: VIDIOC_SUBDEV_S_SELECTION
+
+``int ioctl(int fd, VIDIOC_SUBDEV_S_SELECTION, struct v4l2_subdev_selection *argp)``
 
 Arguments
 =========
 
 ``fd``
-    File descriptor returned by :ref:`open() <func-open>`.
+    File descriptor returned by :c:func:`open()`.
 
 ``argp``
     Pointer to struct :c:type:`v4l2_subdev_selection`.
-
 
 Description
 ===========
···
 targets are the targets which configure the hardware. The BOUNDS target
 will return a rectangle that contain all possible actual rectangles.
 
-
 Discovering supported features
 ------------------------------
 
···
 
 Selection targets and flags are documented in
 :ref:`v4l2-selections-common`.
-
 
 .. c:type:: v4l2_subdev_selection
 
···
       - ``reserved``\ [8]
       - Reserved for future extensions. Applications and drivers must set
 	the array to zero.
-
 
 Return Value
 ============

Documentation/userspace-api/media/v4l/vidioc-subdev-querycap.rst

···
 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GFDL-1.1-no-invariants-or-later
+.. c:namespace:: V4L
 
 .. _VIDIOC_SUBDEV_QUERYCAP:
 
···
 
 VIDIOC_SUBDEV_QUERYCAP - Query sub-device capabilities
 
-
 Synopsis
 ========
 
-.. c:function:: int ioctl( int fd, VIDIOC_SUBDEV_QUERYCAP, struct v4l2_subdev_capability *argp )
-    :name: VIDIOC_SUBDEV_QUERYCAP
+.. c:macro:: VIDIOC_SUBDEV_QUERYCAP
 
+``int ioctl(int fd, VIDIOC_SUBDEV_QUERYCAP, struct v4l2_subdev_capability *argp)``
 
 Arguments
 =========
 
 ``fd``
-    File descriptor returned by :ref:`open() <func-open>`.
+    File descriptor returned by :c:func:`open()`.
 
 ``argp``
     Pointer to struct :c:type:`v4l2_subdev_capability`.
-
 
 Description
 ===========

Documentation/userspace-api/media/v4l/vidioc-subscribe-event.rst

···
 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GFDL-1.1-no-invariants-or-later
+.. c:namespace:: V4L
 
 .. _VIDIOC_SUBSCRIBE_EVENT:
 .. _VIDIOC_UNSUBSCRIBE_EVENT:
···
 
 VIDIOC_SUBSCRIBE_EVENT - VIDIOC_UNSUBSCRIBE_EVENT - Subscribe or unsubscribe event
 
-
 Synopsis
 ========
 
-.. c:function:: int ioctl( int fd, VIDIOC_SUBSCRIBE_EVENT, struct v4l2_event_subscription *argp )
-    :name: VIDIOC_SUBSCRIBE_EVENT
+.. c:macro:: VIDIOC_SUBSCRIBE_EVENT
 
-.. c:function:: int ioctl( int fd, VIDIOC_UNSUBSCRIBE_EVENT, struct v4l2_event_subscription *argp )
-    :name: VIDIOC_UNSUBSCRIBE_EVENT
+``int ioctl(int fd, VIDIOC_SUBSCRIBE_EVENT, struct v4l2_event_subscription *argp)``
 
+.. c:macro:: VIDIOC_UNSUBSCRIBE_EVENT
+
+``int ioctl(int fd, VIDIOC_UNSUBSCRIBE_EVENT, struct v4l2_event_subscription *argp)``
 
 Arguments
 =========
 
 ``fd``
-    File descriptor returned by :ref:`open() <func-open>`.
+    File descriptor returned by :c:func:`open()`.
 
 ``argp``
     Pointer to struct :c:type:`v4l2_event_subscription`.
-
 
 Description
 ===========
 
 Subscribe or unsubscribe V4L2 event. Subscribed events are dequeued by
 using the :ref:`VIDIOC_DQEVENT` ioctl.
-
 
 .. tabularcolumns:: |p{4.6cm}|p{4.4cm}|p{8.7cm}|
 
···
       - ``reserved``\ [5]
       - Reserved for future extensions. Drivers and applications must set
 	the array to zero.
-
 
 
 .. tabularcolumns:: |p{6.8cm}|p{2.2cm}|p{8.5cm}|
···
 
 	Think carefully when you set this flag so you won't get into
 	situations like that.
-
 
 Return Value
 ============