Merge branch 'topic/misc' into for-linus

Documentation/sound/alsa/ALSA-Configuration.txt

···
 
     Module for sound cards based on the C-Media CMI8786/8787/8788 chip:
     * Asound A-8788
-    * Asus Xonar DG
+    * Asus Xonar DG/DGX
     * AuzenTech X-Meridian
     * AuzenTech X-Meridian 2G
     * Bgears b-Enspirer

include/sound/asound.h

···
 
 /****************************************************************************
  *                                                                          *
+ *        CEA-861 Audio InfoFrame. Used in HDMI and DisplayPort		    *
+ *                                                                          *
+ ****************************************************************************/
+
+struct snd_cea_861_aud_if {
+	unsigned char db1_ct_cc; /* coding type and channel count */
+	unsigned char db2_sf_ss; /* sample frequency and size */
+	unsigned char db3; /* not used, all zeros */
+	unsigned char db4_ca; /* channel allocation code */
+	unsigned char db5_dminh_lsv; /* downmix inhibit & level-shit values */
+};
+
+/****************************************************************************
+ *                                                                          *
  *      Section for driver hardware dependent interface - /dev/snd/hw?      *
  *                                                                          *
  ****************************************************************************/

include/sound/asoundef.h

···
 #define IEC958_AES5_CON_CGMSA_COPYNOMORE (2<<0)	/* condition not be used */
 #define IEC958_AES5_CON_CGMSA_COPYNEVER	(3<<0)	/* no copying is permitted */
 
+/****************************************************************************
+ *                                                                          *
+ *        CEA-861 Audio InfoFrame. Used in HDMI and DisplayPort		    *
+ *                                                                          *
+ ****************************************************************************/
+#define CEA861_AUDIO_INFOFRAME_DB1CC		(7<<0) /* mask - channel count */
+#define CEA861_AUDIO_INFOFRAME_DB1CT		(0xf<<4) /* mask - coding type */
+#define CEA861_AUDIO_INFOFRAME_DB1CT_FROM_STREAM (0<<4) /* refer to stream */
+#define CEA861_AUDIO_INFOFRAME_DB1CT_IEC60958	(1<<4) /* IEC-60958 L-PCM */
+#define CEA861_AUDIO_INFOFRAME_DB1CT_AC3	(2<<4) /* AC-3 */
+#define CEA861_AUDIO_INFOFRAME_DB1CT_MPEG1	(3<<4) /* MPEG1 Layers 1 & 2 */
+#define CEA861_AUDIO_INFOFRAME_DB1CT_MP3	(4<<4) /* MPEG1 Layer 3 */
+#define CEA861_AUDIO_INFOFRAME_DB1CT_MPEG2_MULTICH (5<<4) /* MPEG2 Multichannel */
+#define CEA861_AUDIO_INFOFRAME_DB1CT_AAC	(6<<4) /* AAC */
+#define CEA861_AUDIO_INFOFRAME_DB1CT_DTS	(7<<4) /* DTS */
+#define CEA861_AUDIO_INFOFRAME_DB1CT_ATRAC	(8<<4) /* ATRAC */
+#define CEA861_AUDIO_INFOFRAME_DB1CT_ONEBIT	(9<<4) /* One Bit Audio */
+#define CEA861_AUDIO_INFOFRAME_DB1CT_DOLBY_DIG_PLUS (10<<4) /* Dolby Digital + */
+#define CEA861_AUDIO_INFOFRAME_DB1CT_DTS_HD	(11<<4) /* DTS-HD */
+#define CEA861_AUDIO_INFOFRAME_DB1CT_MAT	(12<<4) /* MAT (MLP) */
+#define CEA861_AUDIO_INFOFRAME_DB1CT_DST	(13<<4) /* DST */
+#define CEA861_AUDIO_INFOFRAME_DB1CT_WMA_PRO	(14<<4) /* WMA Pro */
+#define CEA861_AUDIO_INFOFRAME_DB2SF		(7<<2) /* mask - sample frequency */
+#define CEA861_AUDIO_INFOFRAME_DB2SF_FROM_STREAM (0<<2) /* refer to stream */
+#define CEA861_AUDIO_INFOFRAME_DB2SF_32000	(1<<2) /* 32kHz */
+#define CEA861_AUDIO_INFOFRAME_DB2SF_44100	(2<<2) /* 44.1kHz */
+#define CEA861_AUDIO_INFOFRAME_DB2SF_48000	(3<<2) /* 48kHz */
+#define CEA861_AUDIO_INFOFRAME_DB2SF_88200	(4<<2) /* 88.2kHz */
+#define CEA861_AUDIO_INFOFRAME_DB2SF_96000	(5<<2) /* 96kHz */
+#define CEA861_AUDIO_INFOFRAME_DB2SF_176400	(6<<2) /* 176.4kHz */
+#define CEA861_AUDIO_INFOFRAME_DB2SF_192000	(7<<2) /* 192kHz */
+#define CEA861_AUDIO_INFOFRAME_DB2SS		(3<<0) /* mask - sample size */
+#define CEA861_AUDIO_INFOFRAME_DB2SS_FROM_STREAM (0<<0) /* refer to stream */
+#define CEA861_AUDIO_INFOFRAME_DB2SS_16BIT	(1<<0) /* 16 bits */
+#define CEA861_AUDIO_INFOFRAME_DB2SS_20BIT	(2<<0) /* 20 bits */
+#define CEA861_AUDIO_INFOFRAME_DB2SS_24BIT	(3<<0) /* 24 bits */
+#define CEA861_AUDIO_INFOFRAME_DB5_DM_INH	(1<<7) /* mask - inhibit downmixing */
+#define CEA861_AUDIO_INFOFRAME_DB5_DM_INH_PERMITTED (0<<7) /* stereo downmix permitted */
+#define CEA861_AUDIO_INFOFRAME_DB5_DM_INH_PROHIBITED (1<<7) /* stereo downmis prohibited */
+#define CEA861_AUDIO_INFOFRAME_DB5_LSV		(0xf<<3) /* mask - level-shift values */
+
 /*****************************************************************************
  *                                                                           *
  *                            MIDI v1.0 interface                            *

sound/atmel/ac97c.c

···
 			gpio_direction_output(pdata->reset_pin, 1);
 			chip->reset_pin = pdata->reset_pin;
 		}
+	} else {
+		chip->reset_pin = -EINVAL;
 	}
 
 	snd_card_set_dev(card, &pdev->dev);

sound/core/jack.c

···
  * @jack:   The jack to configure
  * @parent: The device to set as parent for the jack.
  *
- * Set the parent for the jack input device in the device tree.  This
+ * Set the parent for the jack devices in the device tree.  This
  * function is only valid prior to registration of the jack.  If no
  * parent is configured then the parent device will be the sound card.
  */
···
  * reporting of keys on accessories via the jack abstraction.  If no
  * mapping is provided but keys are enabled in the jack type then
  * BTN_n numeric buttons will be reported.
+ *
+ * If jacks are not reporting via the input API this call will have no
+ * effect.
  *
  * Note that this is intended to be use by simple devices with small
  * numbers of keys that can be reported.  It is also possible to

sound/core/pcm_lib.c

···
 	struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime = substream->runtime;
 	snd_pcm_uframes_t xfer = 0;
 	snd_pcm_uframes_t offset = 0;
+	snd_pcm_uframes_t avail;
 	int err = 0;
 
 	if (size == 0)
···
 	}
 
 	runtime->twake = runtime->control->avail_min ? : 1;
+	if (runtime->status->state == SNDRV_PCM_STATE_RUNNING)
+		snd_pcm_update_hw_ptr(substream);
+	avail = snd_pcm_playback_avail(runtime);
 	while (size > 0) {
 		snd_pcm_uframes_t frames, appl_ptr, appl_ofs;
-		snd_pcm_uframes_t avail;
 		snd_pcm_uframes_t cont;
-		if (runtime->status->state == SNDRV_PCM_STATE_RUNNING)
-			snd_pcm_update_hw_ptr(substream);
-		avail = snd_pcm_playback_avail(runtime);
 		if (!avail) {
 			if (nonblock) {
 				err = -EAGAIN;
···
 		offset += frames;
 		size -= frames;
 		xfer += frames;
+		avail -= frames;
 		if (runtime->status->state == SNDRV_PCM_STATE_PREPARED &&
 		    snd_pcm_playback_hw_avail(runtime) >= (snd_pcm_sframes_t)runtime->start_threshold) {
 			err = snd_pcm_start(substream);
···
 	struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime = substream->runtime;
 	snd_pcm_uframes_t xfer = 0;
 	snd_pcm_uframes_t offset = 0;
+	snd_pcm_uframes_t avail;
 	int err = 0;
 
 	if (size == 0)
···
 	}
 
 	runtime->twake = runtime->control->avail_min ? : 1;
+	if (runtime->status->state == SNDRV_PCM_STATE_RUNNING)
+		snd_pcm_update_hw_ptr(substream);
+	avail = snd_pcm_capture_avail(runtime);
 	while (size > 0) {
 		snd_pcm_uframes_t frames, appl_ptr, appl_ofs;
-		snd_pcm_uframes_t avail;
 		snd_pcm_uframes_t cont;
-		if (runtime->status->state == SNDRV_PCM_STATE_RUNNING)
-			snd_pcm_update_hw_ptr(substream);
-		avail = snd_pcm_capture_avail(runtime);
 		if (!avail) {
 			if (runtime->status->state ==
 			    SNDRV_PCM_STATE_DRAINING) {
···
 		offset += frames;
 		size -= frames;
 		xfer += frames;
+		avail -= frames;
 	}
  _end_unlock:
 	runtime->twake = 0;

sound/core/pcm_native.c

···
 
 static int snd_pcm_pre_drain_init(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream, int state)
 {
-	substream->runtime->trigger_master = substream;
+	struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime = substream->runtime;
+	switch (runtime->status->state) {
+	case SNDRV_PCM_STATE_OPEN:
+	case SNDRV_PCM_STATE_DISCONNECTED:
+	case SNDRV_PCM_STATE_SUSPENDED:
+		return -EBADFD;
+	}
+	runtime->trigger_master = substream;
 	return 0;
 }
 
···
 			break;
 		case SNDRV_PCM_STATE_RUNNING:
 			runtime->status->state = SNDRV_PCM_STATE_DRAINING;
+			break;
+		case SNDRV_PCM_STATE_XRUN:
+			runtime->status->state = SNDRV_PCM_STATE_SETUP;
 			break;
 		default:
 			break;

sound/core/sound_oss.c

···
 #include <linux/sound.h>
 #include <linux/mutex.h>
 
-#define SNDRV_OSS_MINORS 128
+#define SNDRV_OSS_MINORS 256
 
 static struct snd_minor *snd_oss_minors[SNDRV_OSS_MINORS];
 static DEFINE_MUTEX(sound_oss_mutex);
···
 	int register1 = -1, register2 = -1;
 	struct device *carddev = snd_card_get_device_link(card);
 
-	if (card && card->number >= 8)
+	if (card && card->number >= SNDRV_MINOR_OSS_DEVICES)
 		return 0; /* ignore silently */
 	if (minor < 0)
 		return minor;
···
 	int track2 = -1;
 	struct snd_minor *mptr;
 
-	if (card && card->number >= 8)
+	if (card && card->number >= SNDRV_MINOR_OSS_DEVICES)
 		return 0;
 	if (minor < 0)
 		return minor;

sound/drivers/aloop.c

···
 	/* timer stuff */
 	unsigned int irq_pos;		/* fractional IRQ position */
 	unsigned int period_size_frac;
+	unsigned int last_drift;
 	unsigned long last_jiffies;
 	struct timer_list timer;
 };
···
 			return err;
 		dpcm->last_jiffies = jiffies;
 		dpcm->pcm_rate_shift = 0;
+		dpcm->last_drift = 0;
 		spin_lock(&cable->lock);	
 		cable->running |= stream;
 		cable->pause &= ~stream;
···
 	}
 }
 
-#define BYTEPOS_UPDATE_POSONLY	0
-#define BYTEPOS_UPDATE_CLEAR	1
-#define BYTEPOS_UPDATE_COPY	2
-
-static void loopback_bytepos_update(struct loopback_pcm *dpcm,
-				    unsigned int delta,
-				    unsigned int cmd)
+static inline unsigned int bytepos_delta(struct loopback_pcm *dpcm,
+					 unsigned int jiffies_delta)
 {
-	unsigned int count;
 	unsigned long last_pos;
+	unsigned int delta;
 
 	last_pos = byte_pos(dpcm, dpcm->irq_pos);
-	dpcm->irq_pos += delta * dpcm->pcm_bps;
-	count = byte_pos(dpcm, dpcm->irq_pos) - last_pos;
-	if (!count)
-		return;
-	if (cmd == BYTEPOS_UPDATE_CLEAR)
-		clear_capture_buf(dpcm, count);
-	else if (cmd == BYTEPOS_UPDATE_COPY)
-		copy_play_buf(dpcm->cable->streams[SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_PLAYBACK],
-			      dpcm->cable->streams[SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_CAPTURE],
-			      count);
-	dpcm->buf_pos += count;
-	dpcm->buf_pos %= dpcm->pcm_buffer_size;
+	dpcm->irq_pos += jiffies_delta * dpcm->pcm_bps;
+	delta = byte_pos(dpcm, dpcm->irq_pos) - last_pos;
+	if (delta >= dpcm->last_drift)
+		delta -= dpcm->last_drift;
+	dpcm->last_drift = 0;
 	if (dpcm->irq_pos >= dpcm->period_size_frac) {
 		dpcm->irq_pos %= dpcm->period_size_frac;
 		dpcm->period_update_pending = 1;
 	}
+	return delta;
+}
+
+static inline void bytepos_finish(struct loopback_pcm *dpcm,
+				  unsigned int delta)
+{
+	dpcm->buf_pos += delta;
+	dpcm->buf_pos %= dpcm->pcm_buffer_size;
 }
 
 static unsigned int loopback_pos_update(struct loopback_cable *cable)
···
 	struct loopback_pcm *dpcm_capt =
 			cable->streams[SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_CAPTURE];
 	unsigned long delta_play = 0, delta_capt = 0;
-	unsigned int running;
+	unsigned int running, count1, count2;
 	unsigned long flags;
 
 	spin_lock_irqsave(&cable->lock, flags);
···
 		goto unlock;
 		
 	if (delta_play > delta_capt) {
-		loopback_bytepos_update(dpcm_play, delta_play - delta_capt,
-					BYTEPOS_UPDATE_POSONLY);
+		count1 = bytepos_delta(dpcm_play, delta_play - delta_capt);
+		bytepos_finish(dpcm_play, count1);
 		delta_play = delta_capt;
 	} else if (delta_play < delta_capt) {
-		loopback_bytepos_update(dpcm_capt, delta_capt - delta_play,
-					BYTEPOS_UPDATE_CLEAR);
+		count1 = bytepos_delta(dpcm_capt, delta_capt - delta_play);
+		clear_capture_buf(dpcm_capt, count1);
+		bytepos_finish(dpcm_capt, count1);
 		delta_capt = delta_play;
 	}
 
···
 		goto unlock;
 
 	/* note delta_capt == delta_play at this moment */
-	loopback_bytepos_update(dpcm_capt, delta_capt, BYTEPOS_UPDATE_COPY);
-	loopback_bytepos_update(dpcm_play, delta_play, BYTEPOS_UPDATE_POSONLY);
+	count1 = bytepos_delta(dpcm_play, delta_play);
+	count2 = bytepos_delta(dpcm_capt, delta_capt);
+	if (count1 < count2) {
+		dpcm_capt->last_drift = count2 - count1;
+		count1 = count2;
+	} else if (count1 > count2) {
+		dpcm_play->last_drift = count1 - count2;
+	}
+	copy_play_buf(dpcm_play, dpcm_capt, count1);
+	bytepos_finish(dpcm_play, count1);
+	bytepos_finish(dpcm_capt, count1);
  unlock:
 	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&cable->lock, flags);
 	return running;

sound/firewire/amdtp.c

···
 #define INTERRUPT_INTERVAL	16
 #define QUEUE_LENGTH		48
 
+static void pcm_period_tasklet(unsigned long data);
+
 /**
  * amdtp_out_stream_init - initialize an AMDTP output stream structure
  * @s: the AMDTP output stream to initialize
···
 	s->flags = flags;
 	s->context = ERR_PTR(-1);
 	mutex_init(&s->mutex);
+	tasklet_init(&s->period_tasklet, pcm_period_tasklet, (unsigned long)s);
 	s->packet_index = 0;
 
 	return 0;
···
 	}
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL(amdtp_out_stream_set_pcm_format);
+
+/**
+ * amdtp_out_stream_pcm_prepare - prepare PCM device for running
+ * @s: the AMDTP output stream
+ *
+ * This function should be called from the PCM device's .prepare callback.
+ */
+void amdtp_out_stream_pcm_prepare(struct amdtp_out_stream *s)
+{
+	tasklet_kill(&s->period_tasklet);
+	s->pcm_buffer_pointer = 0;
+	s->pcm_period_pointer = 0;
+	s->pointer_flush = true;
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(amdtp_out_stream_pcm_prepare);
 
 static unsigned int calculate_data_blocks(struct amdtp_out_stream *s)
 {
···
 		s->pcm_period_pointer += data_blocks;
 		if (s->pcm_period_pointer >= pcm->runtime->period_size) {
 			s->pcm_period_pointer -= pcm->runtime->period_size;
-			snd_pcm_period_elapsed(pcm);
+			s->pointer_flush = false;
+			tasklet_hi_schedule(&s->period_tasklet);
 		}
 	}
+}
+
+static void pcm_period_tasklet(unsigned long data)
+{
+	struct amdtp_out_stream *s = (void *)data;
+	struct snd_pcm_substream *pcm = ACCESS_ONCE(s->pcm);
+
+	if (pcm)
+		snd_pcm_period_elapsed(pcm);
 }
 
 static void out_packet_callback(struct fw_iso_context *context, u32 cycle,
···
 EXPORT_SYMBOL(amdtp_out_stream_start);
 
 /**
+ * amdtp_out_stream_pcm_pointer - get the PCM buffer position
+ * @s: the AMDTP output stream that transports the PCM data
+ *
+ * Returns the current buffer position, in frames.
+ */
+unsigned long amdtp_out_stream_pcm_pointer(struct amdtp_out_stream *s)
+{
+	/* this optimization is allowed to be racy */
+	if (s->pointer_flush)
+		fw_iso_context_flush_completions(s->context);
+	else
+		s->pointer_flush = true;
+
+	return ACCESS_ONCE(s->pcm_buffer_pointer);
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(amdtp_out_stream_pcm_pointer);
+
+/**
  * amdtp_out_stream_update - update the stream after a bus reset
  * @s: the AMDTP output stream
  */
···
 		return;
 	}
 
+	tasklet_kill(&s->period_tasklet);
 	fw_iso_context_stop(s->context);
 	fw_iso_context_destroy(s->context);
 	s->context = ERR_PTR(-1);

sound/firewire/amdtp.h

···
 #ifndef SOUND_FIREWIRE_AMDTP_H_INCLUDED
 #define SOUND_FIREWIRE_AMDTP_H_INCLUDED
 
+#include <linux/interrupt.h>
 #include <linux/mutex.h>
 #include <linux/spinlock.h>
 #include "packets-buffer.h"
···
 	struct iso_packets_buffer buffer;
 
 	struct snd_pcm_substream *pcm;
+	struct tasklet_struct period_tasklet;
 
 	int packet_index;
 	unsigned int data_block_counter;
···
 
 	unsigned int pcm_buffer_pointer;
 	unsigned int pcm_period_pointer;
+	bool pointer_flush;
 };
 
 int amdtp_out_stream_init(struct amdtp_out_stream *s, struct fw_unit *unit,
···
 
 void amdtp_out_stream_set_pcm_format(struct amdtp_out_stream *s,
 				     snd_pcm_format_t format);
+void amdtp_out_stream_pcm_prepare(struct amdtp_out_stream *s);
+unsigned long amdtp_out_stream_pcm_pointer(struct amdtp_out_stream *s);
 void amdtp_out_stream_pcm_abort(struct amdtp_out_stream *s);
 
 /**
···
 }
 
 /**
- * amdtp_out_stream_pcm_prepare - prepare PCM device for running
- * @s: the AMDTP output stream
- *
- * This function should be called from the PCM device's .prepare callback.
- */
-static inline void amdtp_out_stream_pcm_prepare(struct amdtp_out_stream *s)
-{
-	s->pcm_buffer_pointer = 0;
-	s->pcm_period_pointer = 0;
-}
-
-/**
  * amdtp_out_stream_pcm_trigger - start/stop playback from a PCM device
  * @s: the AMDTP output stream
  * @pcm: the PCM device to be started, or %NULL to stop the current device
···
 						struct snd_pcm_substream *pcm)
 {
 	ACCESS_ONCE(s->pcm) = pcm;
-}
-
-/**
- * amdtp_out_stream_pcm_pointer - get the PCM buffer position
- * @s: the AMDTP output stream that transports the PCM data
- *
- * Returns the current buffer position, in frames.
- */
-static inline unsigned long
-amdtp_out_stream_pcm_pointer(struct amdtp_out_stream *s)
-{
-	return ACCESS_ONCE(s->pcm_buffer_pointer);
 }
 
 static inline bool cip_sfc_is_base_44100(enum cip_sfc sfc)

sound/pci/Kconfig

···
 	  Say Y here to include support for sound cards based on the
 	  C-Media CMI8788 (Oxygen HD Audio) chip:
 	   * Asound A-8788
-	   * Asus Xonar DG
+	   * Asus Xonar DG/DGX
 	   * AuzenTech X-Meridian
 	   * AuzenTech X-Meridian 2G
 	   * Bgears b-Enspirer

sound/pci/ad1889.c

···
 	.remove = __devexit_p(snd_ad1889_remove),
 };
 
-static int __init
-alsa_ad1889_init(void)
-{
-	return pci_register_driver(&ad1889_pci_driver);
-}
-
-static void __exit
-alsa_ad1889_fini(void)
-{
-	pci_unregister_driver(&ad1889_pci_driver);
-}
-
-module_init(alsa_ad1889_init);
-module_exit(alsa_ad1889_fini);
+module_pci_driver(ad1889_pci_driver);

sound/pci/ali5451/ali5451.c

···
 	pci_set_drvdata(pci, NULL);
 }
 
-static struct pci_driver driver = {
+static struct pci_driver ali5451_driver = {
 	.name = KBUILD_MODNAME,
 	.id_table = snd_ali_ids,
 	.probe = snd_ali_probe,
···
 #endif
 };                                
 
-static int __init alsa_card_ali_init(void)
-{
-	return pci_register_driver(&driver);
-}
-
-static void __exit alsa_card_ali_exit(void)
-{
-	pci_unregister_driver(&driver);
-}
-
-module_init(alsa_card_ali_init)
-module_exit(alsa_card_ali_exit)
+module_pci_driver(ali5451_driver);

sound/pci/als300.c

···
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static struct pci_driver driver = {
+static struct pci_driver als300_driver = {
 	.name = KBUILD_MODNAME,
 	.id_table = snd_als300_ids,
 	.probe = snd_als300_probe,
···
 #endif
 };
 
-static int __init alsa_card_als300_init(void)
-{
-	return pci_register_driver(&driver);
-}
-
-static void __exit alsa_card_als300_exit(void)
-{
-	pci_unregister_driver(&driver);
-}
-
-module_init(alsa_card_als300_init)
-module_exit(alsa_card_als300_exit)
+module_pci_driver(als300_driver);

sound/pci/als4000.c

···
 #endif /* CONFIG_PM */
 
 
-static struct pci_driver driver = {
+static struct pci_driver als4000_driver = {
 	.name = KBUILD_MODNAME,
 	.id_table = snd_als4000_ids,
 	.probe = snd_card_als4000_probe,
···
 #endif
 };
 
-static int __init alsa_card_als4000_init(void)
-{
-	return pci_register_driver(&driver);
-}
-
-static void __exit alsa_card_als4000_exit(void)
-{
-	pci_unregister_driver(&driver);
-}
-
-module_init(alsa_card_als4000_init)
-module_exit(alsa_card_als4000_exit)
+module_pci_driver(als4000_driver);

sound/pci/atiixp.c

···
 	pci_set_drvdata(pci, NULL);
 }
 
-static struct pci_driver driver = {
+static struct pci_driver atiixp_driver = {
 	.name = KBUILD_MODNAME,
 	.id_table = snd_atiixp_ids,
 	.probe = snd_atiixp_probe,
···
 #endif
 };
 
-
-static int __init alsa_card_atiixp_init(void)
-{
-	return pci_register_driver(&driver);
-}
-
-static void __exit alsa_card_atiixp_exit(void)
-{
-	pci_unregister_driver(&driver);
-}
-
-module_init(alsa_card_atiixp_init)
-module_exit(alsa_card_atiixp_exit)
+module_pci_driver(atiixp_driver);

sound/pci/atiixp_modem.c

···
 	pci_set_drvdata(pci, NULL);
 }
 
-static struct pci_driver driver = {
+static struct pci_driver atiixp_modem_driver = {
 	.name = KBUILD_MODNAME,
 	.id_table = snd_atiixp_ids,
 	.probe = snd_atiixp_probe,
···
 #endif
 };
 
-
-static int __init alsa_card_atiixp_init(void)
-{
-	return pci_register_driver(&driver);
-}
-
-static void __exit alsa_card_atiixp_exit(void)
-{
-	pci_unregister_driver(&driver);
-}
-
-module_init(alsa_card_atiixp_init)
-module_exit(alsa_card_atiixp_exit)
+module_pci_driver(atiixp_modem_driver);

sound/pci/au88x0/au88x0.c

···
 }
 
 // pci_driver definition
-static struct pci_driver driver = {
+static struct pci_driver vortex_driver = {
 	.name = KBUILD_MODNAME,
 	.id_table = snd_vortex_ids,
 	.probe = snd_vortex_probe,
 	.remove = __devexit_p(snd_vortex_remove),
 };
 
-// initialization of the module
-static int __init alsa_card_vortex_init(void)
-{
-	return pci_register_driver(&driver);
-}
-
-// clean up the module
-static void __exit alsa_card_vortex_exit(void)
-{
-	pci_unregister_driver(&driver);
-}
-
-module_init(alsa_card_vortex_init)
-module_exit(alsa_card_vortex_exit)
+module_pci_driver(vortex_driver);

sound/pci/aw2/aw2-alsa.c

···
 /*********************************
  * FUNCTION DECLARATIONS
  ********************************/
-static int __init alsa_card_aw2_init(void);
-static void __exit alsa_card_aw2_exit(void);
 static int snd_aw2_dev_free(struct snd_device *device);
 static int __devinit snd_aw2_create(struct snd_card *card,
 				    struct pci_dev *pci, struct aw2 **rchip);
···
 MODULE_DEVICE_TABLE(pci, snd_aw2_ids);
 
 /* pci_driver definition */
-static struct pci_driver driver = {
+static struct pci_driver aw2_driver = {
 	.name = KBUILD_MODNAME,
 	.id_table = snd_aw2_ids,
 	.probe = snd_aw2_probe,
 	.remove = __devexit_p(snd_aw2_remove),
 };
+
+module_pci_driver(aw2_driver);
 
 /* operators for playback PCM alsa interface */
 static struct snd_pcm_ops snd_aw2_playback_ops = {
···
 /*********************************
  * FUNCTION IMPLEMENTATIONS
  ********************************/
-
-/* initialization of the module */
-static int __init alsa_card_aw2_init(void)
-{
-	snd_printdd(KERN_DEBUG "aw2: Load aw2 module\n");
-	return pci_register_driver(&driver);
-}
-
-/* clean up the module */
-static void __exit alsa_card_aw2_exit(void)
-{
-	snd_printdd(KERN_DEBUG "aw2: Unload aw2 module\n");
-	pci_unregister_driver(&driver);
-}
-
-module_init(alsa_card_aw2_init);
-module_exit(alsa_card_aw2_exit);
 
 /* component-destructor */
 static int snd_aw2_dev_free(struct snd_device *device)

sound/pci/azt3328.c

···
 #endif /* CONFIG_PM */
 
 
-static struct pci_driver driver = {
+static struct pci_driver azf3328_driver = {
 	.name = KBUILD_MODNAME,
 	.id_table = snd_azf3328_ids,
 	.probe = snd_azf3328_probe,
···
 #endif
 };
 
-static int __init
-alsa_card_azf3328_init(void)
-{
-	int err;
-	snd_azf3328_dbgcallenter();
-	err = pci_register_driver(&driver);
-	snd_azf3328_dbgcallleave();
-	return err;
-}
-
-static void __exit
-alsa_card_azf3328_exit(void)
-{
-	snd_azf3328_dbgcallenter();
-	pci_unregister_driver(&driver);
-	snd_azf3328_dbgcallleave();
-}
-
-module_init(alsa_card_azf3328_init)
-module_exit(alsa_card_azf3328_exit)
+module_pci_driver(azf3328_driver);

sound/pci/bt87x.c

···
 	{0x7063, 0x2000}, /* pcHDTV HD-2000 TV */
 };
 
-static struct pci_driver driver;
-
 /* return the id of the card, or a negative value if it's blacklisted */
 static int __devinit snd_bt87x_detect_card(struct pci_dev *pci)
 {
···
 	{ }
 };
 
-static struct pci_driver driver = {
+static struct pci_driver bt87x_driver = {
 	.name = KBUILD_MODNAME,
 	.id_table = snd_bt87x_ids,
 	.probe = snd_bt87x_probe,
 	.remove = __devexit_p(snd_bt87x_remove),
 };
 
-static int __init alsa_card_bt87x_init(void)
-{
-	if (load_all)
-		driver.id_table = snd_bt87x_default_ids;
-	return pci_register_driver(&driver);
-}
-
-static void __exit alsa_card_bt87x_exit(void)
-{
-	pci_unregister_driver(&driver);
-}
-
-module_init(alsa_card_bt87x_init)
-module_exit(alsa_card_bt87x_exit)
+module_pci_driver(bt87x_driver);

sound/pci/ca0106/ca0106_main.c

···
 MODULE_DEVICE_TABLE(pci, snd_ca0106_ids);
 
 // pci_driver definition
-static struct pci_driver driver = {
+static struct pci_driver ca0106_driver = {
 	.name = KBUILD_MODNAME,
 	.id_table = snd_ca0106_ids,
 	.probe = snd_ca0106_probe,
···
 #endif
 };
 
-// initialization of the module
-static int __init alsa_card_ca0106_init(void)
-{
-	return pci_register_driver(&driver);
-}
-
-// clean up the module
-static void __exit alsa_card_ca0106_exit(void)
-{
-	pci_unregister_driver(&driver);
-}
-
-module_init(alsa_card_ca0106_init)
-module_exit(alsa_card_ca0106_exit)
+module_pci_driver(ca0106_driver);

sound/pci/cmipci.c

···
 }
 #endif /* CONFIG_PM */
 
-static struct pci_driver driver = {
+static struct pci_driver cmipci_driver = {
 	.name = KBUILD_MODNAME,
 	.id_table = snd_cmipci_ids,
 	.probe = snd_cmipci_probe,
···
 #endif
 };
 	
-static int __init alsa_card_cmipci_init(void)
-{
-	return pci_register_driver(&driver);
-}
-
-static void __exit alsa_card_cmipci_exit(void)
-{
-	pci_unregister_driver(&driver);
-}
-
-module_init(alsa_card_cmipci_init)
-module_exit(alsa_card_cmipci_exit)
+module_pci_driver(cmipci_driver);

sound/pci/cs4281.c

···
 }
 #endif /* CONFIG_PM */
 
-static struct pci_driver driver = {
+static struct pci_driver cs4281_driver = {
 	.name = KBUILD_MODNAME,
 	.id_table = snd_cs4281_ids,
 	.probe = snd_cs4281_probe,
···
 #endif
 };
 	
-static int __init alsa_card_cs4281_init(void)
-{
-	return pci_register_driver(&driver);
-}
-
-static void __exit alsa_card_cs4281_exit(void)
-{
-	pci_unregister_driver(&driver);
-}
-
-module_init(alsa_card_cs4281_init)
-module_exit(alsa_card_cs4281_exit)
+module_pci_driver(cs4281_driver);

sound/pci/cs46xx/cs46xx.c

···
 	pci_set_drvdata(pci, NULL);
 }
 
-static struct pci_driver driver = {
+static struct pci_driver cs46xx_driver = {
 	.name = KBUILD_MODNAME,
 	.id_table = snd_cs46xx_ids,
 	.probe = snd_card_cs46xx_probe,
···
 #endif
 };
 
-static int __init alsa_card_cs46xx_init(void)
-{
-	return pci_register_driver(&driver);
-}
-
-static void __exit alsa_card_cs46xx_exit(void)
-{
-	pci_unregister_driver(&driver);
-}
-
-module_init(alsa_card_cs46xx_init)
-module_exit(alsa_card_cs46xx_exit)
+module_pci_driver(cs46xx_driver);

sound/pci/cs5530.c

···
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static struct pci_driver driver = {
+static struct pci_driver cs5530_driver = {
 	.name = KBUILD_MODNAME,
 	.id_table = snd_cs5530_ids,
 	.probe = snd_cs5530_probe,
 	.remove = __devexit_p(snd_cs5530_remove),
 };
 
-static int __init alsa_card_cs5530_init(void)
-{
-	return pci_register_driver(&driver);
-}
-
-static void __exit alsa_card_cs5530_exit(void)
-{
-	pci_unregister_driver(&driver);
-}
-
-module_init(alsa_card_cs5530_init)
-module_exit(alsa_card_cs5530_exit)
-
+module_pci_driver(cs5530_driver);

sound/pci/cs5535audio/cs5535audio.c

···
 	pci_set_drvdata(pci, NULL);
 }
 
-static struct pci_driver driver = {
+static struct pci_driver cs5535audio_driver = {
 	.name = KBUILD_MODNAME,
 	.id_table = snd_cs5535audio_ids,
 	.probe = snd_cs5535audio_probe,
···
 #endif
 };
 
-static int __init alsa_card_cs5535audio_init(void)
-{
-	return pci_register_driver(&driver);
-}
-
-static void __exit alsa_card_cs5535audio_exit(void)
-{
-	pci_unregister_driver(&driver);
-}
-
-module_init(alsa_card_cs5535audio_init)
-module_exit(alsa_card_cs5535audio_exit)
+module_pci_driver(cs5535audio_driver);
 
 MODULE_AUTHOR("Jaya Kumar");
 MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");

sound/pci/ctxfi/xfi.c

···
 #endif
 };
 
-static int __init ct_card_init(void)
-{
-	return pci_register_driver(&ct_driver);
-}
-
-static void __exit ct_card_exit(void)
-{
-	pci_unregister_driver(&ct_driver);
-}
-
-module_init(ct_card_init)
-module_exit(ct_card_exit)
+module_pci_driver(ct_driver);

sound/pci/echoaudio/echoaudio.c

···
 ******************************************************************************/
 
 /* pci_driver definition */
-static struct pci_driver driver = {
+static struct pci_driver echo_driver = {
 	.name = KBUILD_MODNAME,
 	.id_table = snd_echo_ids,
 	.probe = snd_echo_probe,
···
 #endif /* CONFIG_PM */
 };
 
-
-
-/* initialization of the module */
-static int __init alsa_card_echo_init(void)
-{
-	return pci_register_driver(&driver);
-}
-
-
-
-/* clean up the module */
-static void __exit alsa_card_echo_exit(void)
-{
-	pci_unregister_driver(&driver);
-}
-
-
-module_init(alsa_card_echo_init)
-module_exit(alsa_card_echo_exit)
+module_pci_driver(echo_driver);

sound/pci/emu10k1/emu10k1.c

···
 }
 #endif
 
-static struct pci_driver driver = {
+static struct pci_driver emu10k1_driver = {
 	.name = KBUILD_MODNAME,
 	.id_table = snd_emu10k1_ids,
 	.probe = snd_card_emu10k1_probe,
···
 #endif
 };
 
-static int __init alsa_card_emu10k1_init(void)
-{
-	return pci_register_driver(&driver);
-}
-
-static void __exit alsa_card_emu10k1_exit(void)
-{
-	pci_unregister_driver(&driver);
-}
-
-module_init(alsa_card_emu10k1_init)
-module_exit(alsa_card_emu10k1_exit)
+module_pci_driver(emu10k1_driver);

sound/pci/emu10k1/emu10k1x.c

···
 MODULE_DEVICE_TABLE(pci, snd_emu10k1x_ids);
 
 // pci_driver definition
-static struct pci_driver driver = {
+static struct pci_driver emu10k1x_driver = {
 	.name = KBUILD_MODNAME,
 	.id_table = snd_emu10k1x_ids,
 	.probe = snd_emu10k1x_probe,
 	.remove = __devexit_p(snd_emu10k1x_remove),
 };
 
-// initialization of the module
-static int __init alsa_card_emu10k1x_init(void)
-{
-	return pci_register_driver(&driver);
-}
-
-// clean up the module
-static void __exit alsa_card_emu10k1x_exit(void)
-{
-	pci_unregister_driver(&driver);
-}
-
-module_init(alsa_card_emu10k1x_init)
-module_exit(alsa_card_emu10k1x_exit)
+module_pci_driver(emu10k1x_driver);

sound/pci/ens1370.c

···
 	pci_set_drvdata(pci, NULL);
 }
 
-static struct pci_driver driver = {
+static struct pci_driver ens137x_driver = {
 	.name = KBUILD_MODNAME,
 	.id_table = snd_audiopci_ids,
 	.probe = snd_audiopci_probe,
···
 #endif
 };
 	
-static int __init alsa_card_ens137x_init(void)
-{
-	return pci_register_driver(&driver);
-}
-
-static void __exit alsa_card_ens137x_exit(void)
-{
-	pci_unregister_driver(&driver);
-}
-
-module_init(alsa_card_ens137x_init)
-module_exit(alsa_card_ens137x_exit)
+module_pci_driver(ens137x_driver);

sound/pci/es1938.c

···
 	pci_set_drvdata(pci, NULL);
 }
 
-static struct pci_driver driver = {
+static struct pci_driver es1938_driver = {
 	.name = KBUILD_MODNAME,
 	.id_table = snd_es1938_ids,
 	.probe = snd_es1938_probe,
···
 #endif
 };
 
-static int __init alsa_card_es1938_init(void)
-{
-	return pci_register_driver(&driver);
-}
-
-static void __exit alsa_card_es1938_exit(void)
-{
-	pci_unregister_driver(&driver);
-}
-
-module_init(alsa_card_es1938_init)
-module_exit(alsa_card_es1938_exit)
+module_pci_driver(es1938_driver);

sound/pci/es1968.c

···
 	pci_set_drvdata(pci, NULL);
 }
 
-static struct pci_driver driver = {
+static struct pci_driver es1968_driver = {
 	.name = KBUILD_MODNAME,
 	.id_table = snd_es1968_ids,
 	.probe = snd_es1968_probe,
···
 #endif
 };
 
-static int __init alsa_card_es1968_init(void)
-{
-	return pci_register_driver(&driver);
-}
-
-static void __exit alsa_card_es1968_exit(void)
-{
-	pci_unregister_driver(&driver);
-}
-
-module_init(alsa_card_es1968_init)
-module_exit(alsa_card_es1968_exit)
+module_pci_driver(es1968_driver);

sound/pci/fm801.c

···
 }
 #endif
 
-static struct pci_driver driver = {
+static struct pci_driver fm801_driver = {
 	.name = KBUILD_MODNAME,
 	.id_table = snd_fm801_ids,
 	.probe = snd_card_fm801_probe,
···
 #endif
 };
 
-static int __init alsa_card_fm801_init(void)
-{
-	return pci_register_driver(&driver);
-}
-
-static void __exit alsa_card_fm801_exit(void)
-{
-	pci_unregister_driver(&driver);
-}
-
-module_init(alsa_card_fm801_init)
-module_exit(alsa_card_fm801_exit)
+module_pci_driver(fm801_driver);

sound/pci/hda/hda_intel.c

···
 	/* forced codec slots */
 	SND_PCI_QUIRK(0x1043, 0x1262, "ASUS W5Fm", 0x103),
 	SND_PCI_QUIRK(0x1046, 0x1262, "ASUS W5F", 0x103),
+	/* WinFast VP200 H (Teradici) user reported broken communication */
+	SND_PCI_QUIRK(0x3a21, 0x040d, "WinFast VP200 H", 0x101),
 	{}
 };
 
···
 MODULE_DEVICE_TABLE(pci, azx_ids);
 
 /* pci_driver definition */
-static struct pci_driver driver = {
+static struct pci_driver azx_driver = {
 	.name = KBUILD_MODNAME,
 	.id_table = azx_ids,
 	.probe = azx_probe,
···
 #endif
 };
 
-static int __init alsa_card_azx_init(void)
-{
-	return pci_register_driver(&driver);
-}
-
-static void __exit alsa_card_azx_exit(void)
-{
-	pci_unregister_driver(&driver);
-}
-
-module_init(alsa_card_azx_init)
-module_exit(alsa_card_azx_exit)
+module_pci_driver(azx_driver);

sound/pci/ice1712/ice1712.c

···
 	pci_set_drvdata(pci, NULL);
 }
 
-static struct pci_driver driver = {
+static struct pci_driver ice1712_driver = {
 	.name = KBUILD_MODNAME,
 	.id_table = snd_ice1712_ids,
 	.probe = snd_ice1712_probe,
 	.remove = __devexit_p(snd_ice1712_remove),
 };
 
-static int __init alsa_card_ice1712_init(void)
-{
-	return pci_register_driver(&driver);
-}
-
-static void __exit alsa_card_ice1712_exit(void)
-{
-	pci_unregister_driver(&driver);
-}
-
-module_init(alsa_card_ice1712_init)
-module_exit(alsa_card_ice1712_exit)
+module_pci_driver(ice1712_driver);

sound/pci/ice1712/ice1724.c

···
 }
 #endif
 
-static struct pci_driver driver = {
+static struct pci_driver vt1724_driver = {
 	.name = KBUILD_MODNAME,
 	.id_table = snd_vt1724_ids,
 	.probe = snd_vt1724_probe,
···
 #endif
 };
 
-static int __init alsa_card_ice1724_init(void)
-{
-	return pci_register_driver(&driver);
-}
-
-static void __exit alsa_card_ice1724_exit(void)
-{
-	pci_unregister_driver(&driver);
-}
-
-module_init(alsa_card_ice1724_init)
-module_exit(alsa_card_ice1724_exit)
+module_pci_driver(vt1724_driver);

sound/pci/intel8x0.c

···
 	pci_set_drvdata(pci, NULL);
 }
 
-static struct pci_driver driver = {
+static struct pci_driver intel8x0_driver = {
 	.name = KBUILD_MODNAME,
 	.id_table = snd_intel8x0_ids,
 	.probe = snd_intel8x0_probe,
···
 #endif
 };
 
-
-static int __init alsa_card_intel8x0_init(void)
-{
-	return pci_register_driver(&driver);
-}
-
-static void __exit alsa_card_intel8x0_exit(void)
-{
-	pci_unregister_driver(&driver);
-}
-
-module_init(alsa_card_intel8x0_init)
-module_exit(alsa_card_intel8x0_exit)
+module_pci_driver(intel8x0_driver);

sound/pci/intel8x0m.c

···
 	pci_set_drvdata(pci, NULL);
 }
 
-static struct pci_driver driver = {
+static struct pci_driver intel8x0m_driver = {
 	.name = KBUILD_MODNAME,
 	.id_table = snd_intel8x0m_ids,
 	.probe = snd_intel8x0m_probe,
···
 #endif
 };
 
-
-static int __init alsa_card_intel8x0m_init(void)
-{
-	return pci_register_driver(&driver);
-}
-
-static void __exit alsa_card_intel8x0m_exit(void)
-{
-	pci_unregister_driver(&driver);
-}
-
-module_init(alsa_card_intel8x0m_init)
-module_exit(alsa_card_intel8x0m_exit)
+module_pci_driver(intel8x0m_driver);

sound/pci/korg1212/korg1212.c

···
 	pci_set_drvdata(pci, NULL);
 }
 
-static struct pci_driver driver = {
+static struct pci_driver korg1212_driver = {
 	.name = KBUILD_MODNAME,
 	.id_table = snd_korg1212_ids,
 	.probe = snd_korg1212_probe,
 	.remove = __devexit_p(snd_korg1212_remove),
 };
 
-static int __init alsa_card_korg1212_init(void)
-{
-	return pci_register_driver(&driver);
-}
-
-static void __exit alsa_card_korg1212_exit(void)
-{
-	pci_unregister_driver(&driver);
-}
-
-module_init(alsa_card_korg1212_init)
-module_exit(alsa_card_korg1212_exit)
+module_pci_driver(korg1212_driver);

sound/pci/lola/lola.c

···
 MODULE_DEVICE_TABLE(pci, lola_ids);
 
 /* pci_driver definition */
-static struct pci_driver driver = {
+static struct pci_driver lola_driver = {
 	.name = KBUILD_MODNAME,
 	.id_table = lola_ids,
 	.probe = lola_probe,
 	.remove = __devexit_p(lola_remove),
 };
 
-static int __init alsa_card_lola_init(void)
-{
-	return pci_register_driver(&driver);
-}
-
-static void __exit alsa_card_lola_exit(void)
-{
-	pci_unregister_driver(&driver);
-}
-
-module_init(alsa_card_lola_init)
-module_exit(alsa_card_lola_exit)
+module_pci_driver(lola_driver);

sound/pci/lx6464es/lx6464es.c

···
 }
 
 
-static struct pci_driver driver = {
+static struct pci_driver lx6464es_driver = {
 	.name =     KBUILD_MODNAME,
 	.id_table = snd_lx6464es_ids,
 	.probe =    snd_lx6464es_probe,
 	.remove = __devexit_p(snd_lx6464es_remove),
 };
 
-
-/* module initialization */
-static int __init mod_init(void)
-{
-	return pci_register_driver(&driver);
-}
-
-static void __exit mod_exit(void)
-{
-	pci_unregister_driver(&driver);
-}
-
-module_init(mod_init);
-module_exit(mod_exit);
+module_pci_driver(lx6464es_driver);

sound/pci/maestro3.c

···
 	pci_set_drvdata(pci, NULL);
 }
 
-static struct pci_driver driver = {
+static struct pci_driver m3_driver = {
 	.name = KBUILD_MODNAME,
 	.id_table = snd_m3_ids,
 	.probe = snd_m3_probe,
···
 #endif
 };
 	
-static int __init alsa_card_m3_init(void)
-{
-	return pci_register_driver(&driver);
-}
-
-static void __exit alsa_card_m3_exit(void)
-{
-	pci_unregister_driver(&driver);
-}
-
-module_init(alsa_card_m3_init)
-module_exit(alsa_card_m3_exit)
+module_pci_driver(m3_driver);

sound/pci/mixart/mixart.c

···
 	pci_set_drvdata(pci, NULL);
 }
 
-static struct pci_driver driver = {
+static struct pci_driver mixart_driver = {
 	.name = KBUILD_MODNAME,
 	.id_table = snd_mixart_ids,
 	.probe = snd_mixart_probe,
 	.remove = __devexit_p(snd_mixart_remove),
 };
 
-static int __init alsa_card_mixart_init(void)
-{
-	return pci_register_driver(&driver);
-}
-
-static void __exit alsa_card_mixart_exit(void)
-{
-	pci_unregister_driver(&driver);
-}
-
-module_init(alsa_card_mixart_init)
-module_exit(alsa_card_mixart_exit)
+module_pci_driver(mixart_driver);

sound/pci/nm256/nm256.c

···
 }
 
 
-static struct pci_driver driver = {
+static struct pci_driver nm256_driver = {
 	.name = KBUILD_MODNAME,
 	.id_table = snd_nm256_ids,
 	.probe = snd_nm256_probe,
···
 #endif
 };
 
-
-static int __init alsa_card_nm256_init(void)
-{
-	return pci_register_driver(&driver);
-}
-
-static void __exit alsa_card_nm256_exit(void)
-{
-	pci_unregister_driver(&driver);
-}
-
-module_init(alsa_card_nm256_init)
-module_exit(alsa_card_nm256_exit)
+module_pci_driver(nm256_driver);

sound/pci/oxygen/oxygen.c

···
 	MODEL_2CH_OUTPUT,
 	MODEL_HG2PCI,
 	MODEL_XONAR_DG,
+	MODEL_XONAR_DGX,
 };
 
 static DEFINE_PCI_DEVICE_TABLE(oxygen_ids) = {
···
 	{ OXYGEN_PCI_SUBID(0x1a58, 0x0910), .driver_data = MODEL_CMEDIA_REF },
 	/* Asus Xonar DG */
 	{ OXYGEN_PCI_SUBID(0x1043, 0x8467), .driver_data = MODEL_XONAR_DG },
+	/* Asus Xonar DGX */
+	{ OXYGEN_PCI_SUBID(0x1043, 0x8521), .driver_data = MODEL_XONAR_DGX },
 	/* PCI 2.0 HD Audio */
 	{ OXYGEN_PCI_SUBID(0x13f6, 0x8782), .driver_data = MODEL_2CH_OUTPUT },
 	/* Kuroutoshikou CMI8787-HG2PCI */
···
 		break;
 	case MODEL_XONAR_DG:
 		chip->model = model_xonar_dg;
+		chip->model.shortname = "Xonar DG";
+		break;
+	case MODEL_XONAR_DGX:
+		chip->model = model_xonar_dg;
+		chip->model.shortname = "Xonar DGX";
 		break;
 	}
 	if (id->driver_data == MODEL_MERIDIAN ||
···
 #endif
 };
 
-static int __init alsa_card_oxygen_init(void)
-{
-	return pci_register_driver(&oxygen_driver);
-}
-
-static void __exit alsa_card_oxygen_exit(void)
-{
-	pci_unregister_driver(&oxygen_driver);
-}
-
-module_init(alsa_card_oxygen_init)
-module_exit(alsa_card_oxygen_exit)
+module_pci_driver(oxygen_driver);

sound/pci/oxygen/virtuoso.c

···
 	.shutdown = oxygen_pci_shutdown,
 };
 
-static int __init alsa_card_xonar_init(void)
-{
-	return pci_register_driver(&xonar_driver);
-}
-
-static void __exit alsa_card_xonar_exit(void)
-{
-	pci_unregister_driver(&xonar_driver);
-}
-
-module_init(alsa_card_xonar_init)
-module_exit(alsa_card_xonar_exit)
+module_pci_driver(xonar_driver);

sound/pci/oxygen/xonar_dg.c

···
 /*
- * card driver for the Xonar DG
+ * card driver for the Xonar DG/DGX
  *
  * Copyright (c) Clemens Ladisch <[e-mail]>
  *
···
  */
 
 /*
- * Xonar DG
- * --------
+ * Xonar DG/DGX
+ * ------------
  *
  * CMI8788:
  *
···
 }
 
 struct oxygen_model model_xonar_dg = {
-	.shortname = "Xonar DG",
 	.longname = "C-Media Oxygen HD Audio",
 	.chip = "CMI8786",
 	.init = dg_init,

sound/pci/pcxhr/pcxhr.c

···
 	pci_set_drvdata(pci, NULL);
 }
 
-static struct pci_driver driver = {
+static struct pci_driver pcxhr_driver = {
 	.name = KBUILD_MODNAME,
 	.id_table = pcxhr_ids,
 	.probe = pcxhr_probe,
 	.remove = __devexit_p(pcxhr_remove),
 };
 
-static int __init pcxhr_module_init(void)
-{
-	return pci_register_driver(&driver);
-}
-
-static void __exit pcxhr_module_exit(void)
-{
-	pci_unregister_driver(&driver);
-}
-
-module_init(pcxhr_module_init)
-module_exit(pcxhr_module_exit)
+module_pci_driver(pcxhr_driver);

sound/pci/riptide/riptide.c

···
 	}
 	if (chip->irq >= 0)
 		free_irq(chip->irq, chip);
-	if (chip->fw_entry)
-		release_firmware(chip->fw_entry);
+	release_firmware(chip->fw_entry);
 	release_and_free_resource(chip->res_port);
 	kfree(chip);
 	return 0;

sound/pci/rme32.c

···
 	pci_set_drvdata(pci, NULL);
 }
 
-static struct pci_driver driver = {
+static struct pci_driver rme32_driver = {
 	.name =		KBUILD_MODNAME,
 	.id_table =	snd_rme32_ids,
 	.probe =	snd_rme32_probe,
 	.remove =	__devexit_p(snd_rme32_remove),
 };
 
-static int __init alsa_card_rme32_init(void)
-{
-	return pci_register_driver(&driver);
-}
-
-static void __exit alsa_card_rme32_exit(void)
-{
-	pci_unregister_driver(&driver);
-}
-
-module_init(alsa_card_rme32_init)
-module_exit(alsa_card_rme32_exit)
+module_pci_driver(rme32_driver);

sound/pci/rme96.c

···
 	pci_set_drvdata(pci, NULL);
 }
 
-static struct pci_driver driver = {
+static struct pci_driver rme96_driver = {
 	.name = KBUILD_MODNAME,
 	.id_table = snd_rme96_ids,
 	.probe = snd_rme96_probe,
 	.remove = __devexit_p(snd_rme96_remove),
 };
 
-static int __init alsa_card_rme96_init(void)
-{
-	return pci_register_driver(&driver);
-}
-
-static void __exit alsa_card_rme96_exit(void)
-{
-	pci_unregister_driver(&driver);
-}
-
-module_init(alsa_card_rme96_init)
-module_exit(alsa_card_rme96_exit)
+module_pci_driver(rme96_driver);

sound/pci/rme9652/hdsp.c

···
 	pci_set_drvdata(pci, NULL);
 }
 
-static struct pci_driver driver = {
+static struct pci_driver hdsp_driver = {
 	.name =     KBUILD_MODNAME,
 	.id_table = snd_hdsp_ids,
 	.probe =    snd_hdsp_probe,
 	.remove = __devexit_p(snd_hdsp_remove),
 };
 
-static int __init alsa_card_hdsp_init(void)
-{
-	return pci_register_driver(&driver);
-}
-
-static void __exit alsa_card_hdsp_exit(void)
-{
-	pci_unregister_driver(&driver);
-}
-
-module_init(alsa_card_hdsp_init)
-module_exit(alsa_card_hdsp_exit)
+module_pci_driver(hdsp_driver);

sound/pci/rme9652/hdspm.c

···
 	pci_set_drvdata(pci, NULL);
 }
 
-static struct pci_driver driver = {
+static struct pci_driver hdspm_driver = {
 	.name = KBUILD_MODNAME,
 	.id_table = snd_hdspm_ids,
 	.probe = snd_hdspm_probe,
 	.remove = __devexit_p(snd_hdspm_remove),
 };
 
-
-static int __init alsa_card_hdspm_init(void)
-{
-	return pci_register_driver(&driver);
-}
-
-static void __exit alsa_card_hdspm_exit(void)
-{
-	pci_unregister_driver(&driver);
-}
-
-module_init(alsa_card_hdspm_init)
-module_exit(alsa_card_hdspm_exit)
+module_pci_driver(hdspm_driver);

sound/pci/rme9652/rme9652.c

···
 	pci_set_drvdata(pci, NULL);
 }
 
-static struct pci_driver driver = {
+static struct pci_driver rme9652_driver = {
 	.name	  = KBUILD_MODNAME,
 	.id_table = snd_rme9652_ids,
 	.probe	  = snd_rme9652_probe,
 	.remove	  = __devexit_p(snd_rme9652_remove),
 };
 
-static int __init alsa_card_hammerfall_init(void)
-{
-	return pci_register_driver(&driver);
-}
-
-static void __exit alsa_card_hammerfall_exit(void)
-{
-	pci_unregister_driver(&driver);
-}
-
-module_init(alsa_card_hammerfall_init)
-module_exit(alsa_card_hammerfall_exit)
+module_pci_driver(rme9652_driver);

sound/pci/sis7019.c

···
 #endif
 };
 
-static int __init sis7019_init(void)
-{
-	return pci_register_driver(&sis7019_driver);
-}
-
-static void __exit sis7019_exit(void)
-{
-	pci_unregister_driver(&sis7019_driver);
-}
-
-module_init(sis7019_init);
-module_exit(sis7019_exit);
+module_pci_driver(sis7019_driver);

sound/pci/sonicvibes.c

···
 	pci_set_drvdata(pci, NULL);
 }
 
-static struct pci_driver driver = {
+static struct pci_driver sonicvibes_driver = {
 	.name = KBUILD_MODNAME,
 	.id_table = snd_sonic_ids,
 	.probe = snd_sonic_probe,
 	.remove = __devexit_p(snd_sonic_remove),
 };
 
-static int __init alsa_card_sonicvibes_init(void)
-{
-	return pci_register_driver(&driver);
-}
-
-static void __exit alsa_card_sonicvibes_exit(void)
-{
-	pci_unregister_driver(&driver);
-}
-
-module_init(alsa_card_sonicvibes_init)
-module_exit(alsa_card_sonicvibes_exit)
+module_pci_driver(sonicvibes_driver);

sound/pci/trident/trident.c

···
 	pci_set_drvdata(pci, NULL);
 }
 
-static struct pci_driver driver = {
+static struct pci_driver trident_driver = {
 	.name = KBUILD_MODNAME,
 	.id_table = snd_trident_ids,
 	.probe = snd_trident_probe,
···
 #endif
 };
 
-static int __init alsa_card_trident_init(void)
-{
-	return pci_register_driver(&driver);
-}
-
-static void __exit alsa_card_trident_exit(void)
-{
-	pci_unregister_driver(&driver);
-}
-
-module_init(alsa_card_trident_init)
-module_exit(alsa_card_trident_exit)
+module_pci_driver(trident_driver);

sound/pci/via82xx.c

···
 	pci_set_drvdata(pci, NULL);
 }
 
-static struct pci_driver driver = {
+static struct pci_driver via82xx_driver = {
 	.name = KBUILD_MODNAME,
 	.id_table = snd_via82xx_ids,
 	.probe = snd_via82xx_probe,
···
 #endif
 };
 
-static int __init alsa_card_via82xx_init(void)
-{
-	return pci_register_driver(&driver);
-}
-
-static void __exit alsa_card_via82xx_exit(void)
-{
-	pci_unregister_driver(&driver);
-}
-
-module_init(alsa_card_via82xx_init)
-module_exit(alsa_card_via82xx_exit)
+module_pci_driver(via82xx_driver);

sound/pci/via82xx_modem.c

···
 	pci_set_drvdata(pci, NULL);
 }
 
-static struct pci_driver driver = {
+static struct pci_driver via82xx_modem_driver = {
 	.name = KBUILD_MODNAME,
 	.id_table = snd_via82xx_modem_ids,
 	.probe = snd_via82xx_probe,
···
 #endif
 };
 
-static int __init alsa_card_via82xx_init(void)
-{
-	return pci_register_driver(&driver);
-}
-
-static void __exit alsa_card_via82xx_exit(void)
-{
-	pci_unregister_driver(&driver);
-}
-
-module_init(alsa_card_via82xx_init)
-module_exit(alsa_card_via82xx_exit)
+module_pci_driver(via82xx_modem_driver);

sound/pci/vx222/vx222.c

···
 }
 #endif
 
-static struct pci_driver driver = {
+static struct pci_driver vx222_driver = {
 	.name = KBUILD_MODNAME,
 	.id_table = snd_vx222_ids,
 	.probe = snd_vx222_probe,
···
 #endif
 };
 
-static int __init alsa_card_vx222_init(void)
-{
-	return pci_register_driver(&driver);
-}
-
-static void __exit alsa_card_vx222_exit(void)
-{
-	pci_unregister_driver(&driver);
-}
-
-module_init(alsa_card_vx222_init)
-module_exit(alsa_card_vx222_exit)
+module_pci_driver(vx222_driver);

sound/pci/ymfpci/ymfpci.c

···
 	pci_set_drvdata(pci, NULL);
 }
 
-static struct pci_driver driver = {
+static struct pci_driver ymfpci_driver = {
 	.name = KBUILD_MODNAME,
 	.id_table = snd_ymfpci_ids,
 	.probe = snd_card_ymfpci_probe,
···
 #endif
 };
 
-static int __init alsa_card_ymfpci_init(void)
-{
-	return pci_register_driver(&driver);
-}
-
-static void __exit alsa_card_ymfpci_exit(void)
-{
-	pci_unregister_driver(&driver);
-}
-
-module_init(alsa_card_ymfpci_init)
-module_exit(alsa_card_ymfpci_exit)
+module_pci_driver(ymfpci_driver);

sound/sh/sh_dac_audio.c

···
 /*
  * "driver" definition
  */
-static struct platform_driver driver = {
+static struct platform_driver sh_dac_driver = {
 	.probe	= snd_sh_dac_probe,
 	.remove = snd_sh_dac_remove,
 	.driver = {
···
 	},
 };
 
-module_platform_driver(driver);
+module_platform_driver(sh_dac_driver);

sound/sound_core.c

···
 				  struct device *dev)
 {
 	const int chain = unit % SOUND_STEP;
-	int max_unit = 128 + chain;
+	int max_unit = 256;
 	const char *name;
 	char _name[16];
 

sound/usb/card.c

···
 		subs = &as->substream[idx];
 		if (!subs->num_formats)
 			continue;
-		snd_usb_release_substream_urbs(subs, 1);
 		subs->interface = -1;
+		subs->data_endpoint = NULL;
+		subs->sync_endpoint = NULL;
 	}
 }
 
···
 
 static int snd_usb_audio_free(struct snd_usb_audio *chip)
 {
+	mutex_destroy(&chip->mutex);
 	kfree(chip);
 	return 0;
 }
···
 		return -ENOMEM;
 	}
 
+	mutex_init(&chip->mutex);
 	mutex_init(&chip->shutdown_mutex);
 	chip->index = idx;
 	chip->dev = dev;
···
 	chip->usb_id = USB_ID(le16_to_cpu(dev->descriptor.idVendor),
 			      le16_to_cpu(dev->descriptor.idProduct));
 	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&chip->pcm_list);
+	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&chip->ep_list);
 	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&chip->midi_list);
 	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&chip->mixer_list);
 
···
 		/* release the pcm resources */
 		list_for_each(p, &chip->pcm_list) {
 			snd_usb_stream_disconnect(p);
+		}
+		/* release the endpoint resources */
+		list_for_each(p, &chip->ep_list) {
+			snd_usb_endpoint_free(p);
 		}
 		/* release the midi resources */
 		list_for_each(p, &chip->midi_list) {

sound/usb/card.h

···
 };
 
 struct snd_usb_substream;
+struct snd_usb_endpoint;
 
 struct snd_urb_ctx {
 	struct urb *urb;
 	unsigned int buffer_size;	/* size of data buffer, if data URB */
 	struct snd_usb_substream *subs;
+	struct snd_usb_endpoint *ep;
 	int index;	/* index for urb array */
 	int packets;	/* number of packets per urb */
+	int packet_size[MAX_PACKS_HS]; /* size of packets for next submission */
+	struct list_head ready_list;
 };
 
-struct snd_urb_ops {
-	int (*prepare)(struct snd_usb_substream *subs, struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime, struct urb *u);
-	int (*retire)(struct snd_usb_substream *subs, struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime, struct urb *u);
-	int (*prepare_sync)(struct snd_usb_substream *subs, struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime, struct urb *u);
-	int (*retire_sync)(struct snd_usb_substream *subs, struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime, struct urb *u);
+struct snd_usb_endpoint {
+	struct snd_usb_audio *chip;
+
+	int use_count;
+	int ep_num;		/* the referenced endpoint number */
+	int type;		/* SND_USB_ENDPOINT_TYPE_* */
+	unsigned long flags;
+
+	void (*prepare_data_urb) (struct snd_usb_substream *subs,
+				  struct urb *urb);
+	void (*retire_data_urb) (struct snd_usb_substream *subs,
+				 struct urb *urb);
+
+	struct snd_usb_substream *data_subs;
+	struct snd_usb_endpoint *sync_master;
+	struct snd_usb_endpoint *sync_slave;
+
+	struct snd_urb_ctx urb[MAX_URBS];
+
+	struct snd_usb_packet_info {
+		uint32_t packet_size[MAX_PACKS_HS];
+		int packets;
+	} next_packet[MAX_URBS];
+	int next_packet_read_pos, next_packet_write_pos;
+	struct list_head ready_playback_urbs;
+
+	unsigned int nurbs;		/* # urbs */
+	unsigned long active_mask;	/* bitmask of active urbs */
+	unsigned long unlink_mask;	/* bitmask of unlinked urbs */
+	char *syncbuf;			/* sync buffer for all sync URBs */
+	dma_addr_t sync_dma;		/* DMA address of syncbuf */
+
+	unsigned int pipe;		/* the data i/o pipe */
+	unsigned int freqn;		/* nominal sampling rate in fs/fps in Q16.16 format */
+	unsigned int freqm;		/* momentary sampling rate in fs/fps in Q16.16 format */
+	int	   freqshift;		/* how much to shift the feedback value to get Q16.16 */
+	unsigned int freqmax;		/* maximum sampling rate, used for buffer management */
+	unsigned int phase;		/* phase accumulator */
+	unsigned int maxpacksize;	/* max packet size in bytes */
+	unsigned int maxframesize;      /* max packet size in frames */
+	unsigned int curpacksize;	/* current packet size in bytes (for capture) */
+	unsigned int curframesize;      /* current packet size in frames (for capture) */
+	unsigned int syncmaxsize;	/* sync endpoint packet size */
+	unsigned int fill_max:1;	/* fill max packet size always */
+	unsigned int datainterval;      /* log_2 of data packet interval */
+	unsigned int syncinterval;	/* P for adaptive mode, 0 otherwise */
+	unsigned char silence_value;
+	unsigned int stride;
+	int iface, alt_idx;
+
+	spinlock_t lock;
+	struct list_head list;
 };
 
 struct snd_usb_substream {
···
 	unsigned int cur_rate;		/* current rate (for hw_params callback) */
 	unsigned int period_bytes;	/* current period bytes (for hw_params callback) */
 	unsigned int altset_idx;     /* USB data format: index of alternate setting */
-	unsigned int datapipe;   /* the data i/o pipe */
-	unsigned int syncpipe;   /* 1 - async out or adaptive in */
-	unsigned int datainterval;	/* log_2 of data packet interval */
-	unsigned int syncinterval;  /* P for adaptive mode, 0 otherwise */
-	unsigned int freqn;      /* nominal sampling rate in fs/fps in Q16.16 format */
-	unsigned int freqm;      /* momentary sampling rate in fs/fps in Q16.16 format */
-	int          freqshift;  /* how much to shift the feedback value to get Q16.16 */
-	unsigned int freqmax;    /* maximum sampling rate, used for buffer management */
-	unsigned int phase;      /* phase accumulator */
-	unsigned int maxpacksize;	/* max packet size in bytes */
-	unsigned int maxframesize;	/* max packet size in frames */
-	unsigned int curpacksize;	/* current packet size in bytes (for capture) */
-	unsigned int curframesize;	/* current packet size in frames (for capture) */
-	unsigned int syncmaxsize;	/* sync endpoint packet size */
-	unsigned int fill_max: 1;	/* fill max packet size always */
 	unsigned int txfr_quirk:1;	/* allow sub-frame alignment */
 	unsigned int fmt_type;		/* USB audio format type (1-3) */
 
···
 	unsigned long active_mask;	/* bitmask of active urbs */
 	unsigned long unlink_mask;	/* bitmask of unlinked urbs */
 
-	unsigned int nurbs;			/* # urbs */
-	struct snd_urb_ctx dataurb[MAX_URBS];	/* data urb table */
-	struct snd_urb_ctx syncurb[SYNC_URBS];	/* sync urb table */
-	char *syncbuf;				/* sync buffer for all sync URBs */
-	dma_addr_t sync_dma;			/* DMA address of syncbuf */
+	/* data and sync endpoints for this stream */
+	struct snd_usb_endpoint *data_endpoint;
+	struct snd_usb_endpoint *sync_endpoint;
+	unsigned long flags;
 
 	u64 formats;			/* format bitmasks (all or'ed) */
 	unsigned int num_formats;		/* number of supported audio formats (list) */
···
 	struct snd_pcm_hw_constraint_list rate_list;	/* limited rates */
 	spinlock_t lock;
 
-	struct snd_urb_ops ops;		/* callbacks (must be filled at init) */
 	int last_frame_number;          /* stored frame number */
 	int last_delay;                 /* stored delay */
 };

sound/usb/endpoint.c

···
 #include <linux/ratelimit.h>
 #include <linux/usb.h>
 #include <linux/usb/audio.h>
+#include <linux/slab.h>
 
 #include <sound/core.h>
 #include <sound/pcm.h>
+#include <sound/pcm_params.h>
 
 #include "usbaudio.h"
 #include "helper.h"
 #include "card.h"
 #include "endpoint.h"
 #include "pcm.h"
+
+#define EP_FLAG_ACTIVATED	0
+#define EP_FLAG_RUNNING		1
+
+/*
+ * snd_usb_endpoint is a model that abstracts everything related to an
+ * USB endpoint and its streaming.
+ *
+ * There are functions to activate and deactivate the streaming URBs and
+ * optional callbacks to let the pcm logic handle the actual content of the
+ * packets for playback and record. Thus, the bus streaming and the audio
+ * handlers are fully decoupled.
+ *
+ * There are two different types of endpoints in audio applications.
+ *
+ * SND_USB_ENDPOINT_TYPE_DATA handles full audio data payload for both
+ * inbound and outbound traffic.
+ *
+ * SND_USB_ENDPOINT_TYPE_SYNC endpoints are for inbound traffic only and
+ * expect the payload to carry Q10.14 / Q16.16 formatted sync information
+ * (3 or 4 bytes).
+ *
+ * Each endpoint has to be configured prior to being used by calling
+ * snd_usb_endpoint_set_params().
+ *
+ * The model incorporates a reference counting, so that multiple users
+ * can call snd_usb_endpoint_start() and snd_usb_endpoint_stop(), and
+ * only the first user will effectively start the URBs, and only the last
+ * one to stop it will tear the URBs down again.
+ */
 
 /*
  * convert a sampling rate into our full speed format (fs/1000 in Q16.16)
···
 }
 
 /*
- * unlink active urbs.
- */
-static int deactivate_urbs(struct snd_usb_substream *subs, int force, int can_sleep)
-{
-	struct snd_usb_audio *chip = subs->stream->chip;
-	unsigned int i;
-	int async;
-
-	subs->running = 0;
-
-	if (!force && subs->stream->chip->shutdown) /* to be sure... */
-		return -EBADFD;
-
-	async = !can_sleep && chip->async_unlink;
-
-	if (!async && in_interrupt())
-		return 0;
-
-	for (i = 0; i < subs->nurbs; i++) {
-		if (test_bit(i, &subs->active_mask)) {
-			if (!test_and_set_bit(i, &subs->unlink_mask)) {
-				struct urb *u = subs->dataurb[i].urb;
-				if (async)
-					usb_unlink_urb(u);
-				else
-					usb_kill_urb(u);
-			}
-		}
-	}
-	if (subs->syncpipe) {
-		for (i = 0; i < SYNC_URBS; i++) {
-			if (test_bit(i+16, &subs->active_mask)) {
-				if (!test_and_set_bit(i+16, &subs->unlink_mask)) {
-					struct urb *u = subs->syncurb[i].urb;
-					if (async)
-						usb_unlink_urb(u);
-					else
-						usb_kill_urb(u);
-				}
-			}
-		}
-	}
-	return 0;
-}
-
-
-/*
  * release a urb data
  */
 static void release_urb_ctx(struct snd_urb_ctx *u)
 {
-	if (u->urb) {
-		if (u->buffer_size)
-			usb_free_coherent(u->subs->dev, u->buffer_size,
-					u->urb->transfer_buffer,
-					u->urb->transfer_dma);
-		usb_free_urb(u->urb);
-		u->urb = NULL;
-	}
-}
-
-/*
- *  wait until all urbs are processed.
- */
-static int wait_clear_urbs(struct snd_usb_substream *subs)
-{
-	unsigned long end_time = jiffies + msecs_to_jiffies(1000);
-	unsigned int i;
-	int alive;
-
-	do {
-		alive = 0;
-		for (i = 0; i < subs->nurbs; i++) {
-			if (test_bit(i, &subs->active_mask))
-				alive++;
-		}
-		if (subs->syncpipe) {
-			for (i = 0; i < SYNC_URBS; i++) {
-				if (test_bit(i + 16, &subs->active_mask))
-					alive++;
-			}
-		}
-		if (! alive)
-			break;
-		schedule_timeout_uninterruptible(1);
-	} while (time_before(jiffies, end_time));
-	if (alive)
-		snd_printk(KERN_ERR "timeout: still %d active urbs..\n", alive);
-	return 0;
-}
-
-/*
- * release a substream
- */
-void snd_usb_release_substream_urbs(struct snd_usb_substream *subs, int force)
-{
-	int i;
-
-	/* stop urbs (to be sure) */
-	deactivate_urbs(subs, force, 1);
-	wait_clear_urbs(subs);
-
-	for (i = 0; i < MAX_URBS; i++)
-		release_urb_ctx(&subs->dataurb[i]);
-	for (i = 0; i < SYNC_URBS; i++)
-		release_urb_ctx(&subs->syncurb[i]);
-	usb_free_coherent(subs->dev, SYNC_URBS * 4,
-			subs->syncbuf, subs->sync_dma);
-	subs->syncbuf = NULL;
-	subs->nurbs = 0;
-}
-
-/*
- * complete callback from data urb
- */
-static void snd_complete_urb(struct urb *urb)
-{
-	struct snd_urb_ctx *ctx = urb->context;
-	struct snd_usb_substream *subs = ctx->subs;
-	struct snd_pcm_substream *substream = ctx->subs->pcm_substream;
-	int err = 0;
-
-	if ((subs->running && subs->ops.retire(subs, substream->runtime, urb)) ||
-	    !subs->running || /* can be stopped during retire callback */
-	    (err = subs->ops.prepare(subs, substream->runtime, urb)) < 0 ||
-	    (err = usb_submit_urb(urb, GFP_ATOMIC)) < 0) {
-		clear_bit(ctx->index, &subs->active_mask);
-		if (err < 0) {
-			snd_printd(KERN_ERR "cannot submit urb (err = %d)\n", err);
-			snd_pcm_stop(substream, SNDRV_PCM_STATE_XRUN);
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-
-/*
- * complete callback from sync urb
- */
-static void snd_complete_sync_urb(struct urb *urb)
-{
-	struct snd_urb_ctx *ctx = urb->context;
-	struct snd_usb_substream *subs = ctx->subs;
-	struct snd_pcm_substream *substream = ctx->subs->pcm_substream;
-	int err = 0;
-
-	if ((subs->running && subs->ops.retire_sync(subs, substream->runtime, urb)) ||
-	    !subs->running || /* can be stopped during retire callback */
-	    (err = subs->ops.prepare_sync(subs, substream->runtime, urb)) < 0 ||
-	    (err = usb_submit_urb(urb, GFP_ATOMIC)) < 0) {
-		clear_bit(ctx->index + 16, &subs->active_mask);
-		if (err < 0) {
-			snd_printd(KERN_ERR "cannot submit sync urb (err = %d)\n", err);
-			snd_pcm_stop(substream, SNDRV_PCM_STATE_XRUN);
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-
-/*
- * initialize a substream for plaback/capture
- */
-int snd_usb_init_substream_urbs(struct snd_usb_substream *subs,
-				unsigned int period_bytes,
-				unsigned int rate,
-				unsigned int frame_bits)
-{
-	unsigned int maxsize, i;
-	int is_playback = subs->direction == SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_PLAYBACK;
-	unsigned int urb_packs, total_packs, packs_per_ms;
-	struct snd_usb_audio *chip = subs->stream->chip;
-
-	/* calculate the frequency in 16.16 format */
-	if (snd_usb_get_speed(subs->dev) == USB_SPEED_FULL)
-		subs->freqn = get_usb_full_speed_rate(rate);
-	else
-		subs->freqn = get_usb_high_speed_rate(rate);
-	subs->freqm = subs->freqn;
-	subs->freqshift = INT_MIN;
-	/* calculate max. frequency */
-	if (subs->maxpacksize) {
-		/* whatever fits into a max. size packet */
-		maxsize = subs->maxpacksize;
-		subs->freqmax = (maxsize / (frame_bits >> 3))
-				<< (16 - subs->datainterval);
-	} else {
-		/* no max. packet size: just take 25% higher than nominal */
-		subs->freqmax = subs->freqn + (subs->freqn >> 2);
-		maxsize = ((subs->freqmax + 0xffff) * (frame_bits >> 3))
-				>> (16 - subs->datainterval);
-	}
-	subs->phase = 0;
-
-	if (subs->fill_max)
-		subs->curpacksize = subs->maxpacksize;
-	else
-		subs->curpacksize = maxsize;
-
-	if (snd_usb_get_speed(subs->dev) != USB_SPEED_FULL)
-		packs_per_ms = 8 >> subs->datainterval;
-	else
-		packs_per_ms = 1;
-
-	if (is_playback) {
-		urb_packs = max(chip->nrpacks, 1);
-		urb_packs = min(urb_packs, (unsigned int)MAX_PACKS);
-	} else
-		urb_packs = 1;
-	urb_packs *= packs_per_ms;
-	if (subs->syncpipe)
-		urb_packs = min(urb_packs, 1U << subs->syncinterval);
-
-	/* decide how many packets to be used */
-	if (is_playback) {
-		unsigned int minsize, maxpacks;
-		/* determine how small a packet can be */
-		minsize = (subs->freqn >> (16 - subs->datainterval))
-			  * (frame_bits >> 3);
-		/* with sync from device, assume it can be 12% lower */
-		if (subs->syncpipe)
-			minsize -= minsize >> 3;
-		minsize = max(minsize, 1u);
-		total_packs = (period_bytes + minsize - 1) / minsize;
-		/* we need at least two URBs for queueing */
-		if (total_packs < 2) {
-			total_packs = 2;
-		} else {
-			/* and we don't want too long a queue either */
-			maxpacks = max(MAX_QUEUE * packs_per_ms, urb_packs * 2);
-			total_packs = min(total_packs, maxpacks);
-		}
-	} else {
-		while (urb_packs > 1 && urb_packs * maxsize >= period_bytes)
-			urb_packs >>= 1;
-		total_packs = MAX_URBS * urb_packs;
-	}
-	subs->nurbs = (total_packs + urb_packs - 1) / urb_packs;
-	if (subs->nurbs > MAX_URBS) {
-		/* too much... */
-		subs->nurbs = MAX_URBS;
-		total_packs = MAX_URBS * urb_packs;
-	} else if (subs->nurbs < 2) {
-		/* too little - we need at least two packets
-		 * to ensure contiguous playback/capture
-		 */
-		subs->nurbs = 2;
-	}
-
-	/* allocate and initialize data urbs */
-	for (i = 0; i < subs->nurbs; i++) {
-		struct snd_urb_ctx *u = &subs->dataurb[i];
-		u->index = i;
-		u->subs = subs;
-		u->packets = (i + 1) * total_packs / subs->nurbs
-			- i * total_packs / subs->nurbs;
-		u->buffer_size = maxsize * u->packets;
-		if (subs->fmt_type == UAC_FORMAT_TYPE_II)
-			u->packets++; /* for transfer delimiter */
-		u->urb = usb_alloc_urb(u->packets, GFP_KERNEL);
-		if (!u->urb)
-			goto out_of_memory;
-		u->urb->transfer_buffer =
-			usb_alloc_coherent(subs->dev, u->buffer_size,
-					   GFP_KERNEL, &u->urb->transfer_dma);
-		if (!u->urb->transfer_buffer)
-			goto out_of_memory;
-		u->urb->pipe = subs->datapipe;
-		u->urb->transfer_flags = URB_ISO_ASAP | URB_NO_TRANSFER_DMA_MAP;
-		u->urb->interval = 1 << subs->datainterval;
-		u->urb->context = u;
-		u->urb->complete = snd_complete_urb;
-	}
-
-	if (subs->syncpipe) {
-		/* allocate and initialize sync urbs */
-		subs->syncbuf = usb_alloc_coherent(subs->dev, SYNC_URBS * 4,
-						 GFP_KERNEL, &subs->sync_dma);
-		if (!subs->syncbuf)
-			goto out_of_memory;
-		for (i = 0; i < SYNC_URBS; i++) {
-			struct snd_urb_ctx *u = &subs->syncurb[i];
-			u->index = i;
-			u->subs = subs;
-			u->packets = 1;
-			u->urb = usb_alloc_urb(1, GFP_KERNEL);
-			if (!u->urb)
-				goto out_of_memory;
-			u->urb->transfer_buffer = subs->syncbuf + i * 4;
-			u->urb->transfer_dma = subs->sync_dma + i * 4;
-			u->urb->transfer_buffer_length = 4;
-			u->urb->pipe = subs->syncpipe;
-			u->urb->transfer_flags = URB_ISO_ASAP |
-						 URB_NO_TRANSFER_DMA_MAP;
-			u->urb->number_of_packets = 1;
-			u->urb->interval = 1 << subs->syncinterval;
-			u->urb->context = u;
-			u->urb->complete = snd_complete_sync_urb;
-		}
-	}
-	return 0;
-
-out_of_memory:
-	snd_usb_release_substream_urbs(subs, 0);
-	return -ENOMEM;
-}
-
-/*
- * prepare urb for full speed capture sync pipe
- *
- * fill the length and offset of each urb descriptor.
- * the fixed 10.14 frequency is passed through the pipe.
- */
-static int prepare_capture_sync_urb(struct snd_usb_substream *subs,
-				    struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime,
-				    struct urb *urb)
-{
-	unsigned char *cp = urb->transfer_buffer;
-	struct snd_urb_ctx *ctx = urb->context;
-
-	urb->dev = ctx->subs->dev; /* we need to set this at each time */
-	urb->iso_frame_desc[0].length = 3;
-	urb->iso_frame_desc[0].offset = 0;
-	cp[0] = subs->freqn >> 2;
-	cp[1] = subs->freqn >> 10;
-	cp[2] = subs->freqn >> 18;
-	return 0;
-}
-
-/*
- * prepare urb for high speed capture sync pipe
- *
- * fill the length and offset of each urb descriptor.
- * the fixed 12.13 frequency is passed as 16.16 through the pipe.
- */
-static int prepare_capture_sync_urb_hs(struct snd_usb_substream *subs,
-				       struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime,
-				       struct urb *urb)
-{
-	unsigned char *cp = urb->transfer_buffer;
-	struct snd_urb_ctx *ctx = urb->context;
-
-	urb->dev = ctx->subs->dev; /* we need to set this at each time */
-	urb->iso_frame_desc[0].length = 4;
-	urb->iso_frame_desc[0].offset = 0;
-	cp[0] = subs->freqn;
-	cp[1] = subs->freqn >> 8;
-	cp[2] = subs->freqn >> 16;
-	cp[3] = subs->freqn >> 24;
-	return 0;
-}
-
-/*
- * process after capture sync complete
- * - nothing to do
- */
-static int retire_capture_sync_urb(struct snd_usb_substream *subs,
-				   struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime,
-				   struct urb *urb)
-{
-	return 0;
-}
-
-/*
- * prepare urb for capture data pipe
- *
- * fill the offset and length of each descriptor.
- *
- * we use a temporary buffer to write the captured data.
- * since the length of written data is determined by host, we cannot
- * write onto the pcm buffer directly...  the data is thus copied
- * later at complete callback to the global buffer.
- */
-static int prepare_capture_urb(struct snd_usb_substream *subs,
-			       struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime,
-			       struct urb *urb)
-{
-	int i, offs;
-	struct snd_urb_ctx *ctx = urb->context;
-
-	offs = 0;
-	urb->dev = ctx->subs->dev; /* we need to set this at each time */
-	for (i = 0; i < ctx->packets; i++) {
-		urb->iso_frame_desc[i].offset = offs;
-		urb->iso_frame_desc[i].length = subs->curpacksize;
-		offs += subs->curpacksize;
-	}
-	urb->transfer_buffer_length = offs;
-	urb->number_of_packets = ctx->packets;
-	return 0;
-}
-
-/*
- * process after capture complete
- *
- * copy the data from each desctiptor to the pcm buffer, and
- * update the current position.
- */
-static int retire_capture_urb(struct snd_usb_substream *subs,
-			      struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime,
-			      struct urb *urb)
-{
-	unsigned long flags;
-	unsigned char *cp;
-	int i;
-	unsigned int stride, frames, bytes, oldptr;
-	int period_elapsed = 0;
-
-	stride = runtime->frame_bits >> 3;
-
-	for (i = 0; i < urb->number_of_packets; i++) {
-		cp = (unsigned char *)urb->transfer_buffer + urb->iso_frame_desc[i].offset;
-		if (urb->iso_frame_desc[i].status && printk_ratelimit()) {
-			snd_printdd("frame %d active: %d\n", i, urb->iso_frame_desc[i].status);
-			// continue;
-		}
-		bytes = urb->iso_frame_desc[i].actual_length;
-		frames = bytes / stride;
-		if (!subs->txfr_quirk)
-			bytes = frames * stride;
-		if (bytes % (runtime->sample_bits >> 3) != 0) {
-#ifdef CONFIG_SND_DEBUG_VERBOSE
-			int oldbytes = bytes;
-#endif
-			bytes = frames * stride;
-			snd_printdd(KERN_ERR "Corrected urb data len. %d->%d\n",
-							oldbytes, bytes);
-		}
-		/* update the current pointer */
-		spin_lock_irqsave(&subs->lock, flags);
-		oldptr = subs->hwptr_done;
-		subs->hwptr_done += bytes;
-		if (subs->hwptr_done >= runtime->buffer_size * stride)
-			subs->hwptr_done -= runtime->buffer_size * stride;
-		frames = (bytes + (oldptr % stride)) / stride;
-		subs->transfer_done += frames;
-		if (subs->transfer_done >= runtime->period_size) {
-			subs->transfer_done -= runtime->period_size;
-			period_elapsed = 1;
-		}
-		spin_unlock_irqrestore(&subs->lock, flags);
-		/* copy a data chunk */
-		if (oldptr + bytes > runtime->buffer_size * stride) {
-			unsigned int bytes1 =
-					runtime->buffer_size * stride - oldptr;
-			memcpy(runtime->dma_area + oldptr, cp, bytes1);
-			memcpy(runtime->dma_area, cp + bytes1, bytes - bytes1);
-		} else {
-			memcpy(runtime->dma_area + oldptr, cp, bytes);
-		}
-	}
-	if (period_elapsed)
-		snd_pcm_period_elapsed(subs->pcm_substream);
-	return 0;
-}
-
-/*
- * Process after capture complete when paused.  Nothing to do.
- */
-static int retire_paused_capture_urb(struct snd_usb_substream *subs,
-				     struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime,
-				     struct urb *urb)
-{
-	return 0;
-}
-
-
-/*
- * prepare urb for playback sync pipe
- *
- * set up the offset and length to receive the current frequency.
- */
-static int prepare_playback_sync_urb(struct snd_usb_substream *subs,
-				     struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime,
-				     struct urb *urb)
-{
-	struct snd_urb_ctx *ctx = urb->context;
-
-	urb->dev = ctx->subs->dev; /* we need to set this at each time */
-	urb->iso_frame_desc[0].length = min(4u, ctx->subs->syncmaxsize);
-	urb->iso_frame_desc[0].offset = 0;
-	return 0;
-}
-
-/*
- * process after playback sync complete
- *
- * Full speed devices report feedback values in 10.14 format as samples per
- * frame, high speed devices in 16.16 format as samples per microframe.
- * Because the Audio Class 1 spec was written before USB 2.0, many high speed
- * devices use a wrong interpretation, some others use an entirely different
- * format.  Therefore, we cannot predict what format any particular device uses
- * and must detect it automatically.
- */
-static int retire_playback_sync_urb(struct snd_usb_substream *subs,
-				    struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime,
-				    struct urb *urb)
-{
-	unsigned int f;
-	int shift;
-	unsigned long flags;
-
-	if (urb->iso_frame_desc[0].status != 0 ||
-	    urb->iso_frame_desc[0].actual_length < 3)
-		return 0;
-
-	f = le32_to_cpup(urb->transfer_buffer);
-	if (urb->iso_frame_desc[0].actual_length == 3)
-		f &= 0x00ffffff;
-	else
-		f &= 0x0fffffff;
-	if (f == 0)
-		return 0;
-
-	if (unlikely(subs->freqshift == INT_MIN)) {
-		/*
-		 * The first time we see a feedback value, determine its format
-		 * by shifting it left or right until it matches the nominal
-		 * frequency value.  This assumes that the feedback does not
-		 * differ from the nominal value more than +50% or -25%.
-		 */
-		shift = 0;
-		while (f < subs->freqn - subs->freqn / 4) {
-			f <<= 1;
-			shift++;
-		}
-		while (f > subs->freqn + subs->freqn / 2) {
-			f >>= 1;
-			shift--;
-		}
-		subs->freqshift = shift;
-	}
-	else if (subs->freqshift >= 0)
-		f <<= subs->freqshift;
-	else
-		f >>= -subs->freqshift;
-
-	if (likely(f >= subs->freqn - subs->freqn / 8 && f <= subs->freqmax)) {
-		/*
-		 * If the frequency looks valid, set it.
-		 * This value is referred to in prepare_playback_urb().
-		 */
-		spin_lock_irqsave(&subs->lock, flags);
-		subs->freqm = f;
-		spin_unlock_irqrestore(&subs->lock, flags);
-	} else {
-		/*
-		 * Out of range; maybe the shift value is wrong.
-		 * Reset it so that we autodetect again the next time.
-		 */
-		subs->freqshift = INT_MIN;
-	}
-
-	return 0;
-}
-
-/* determine the number of frames in the next packet */
-static int snd_usb_audio_next_packet_size(struct snd_usb_substream *subs)
-{
-	if (subs->fill_max)
-		return subs->maxframesize;
-	else {
-		subs->phase = (subs->phase & 0xffff)
-			+ (subs->freqm << subs->datainterval);
-		return min(subs->phase >> 16, subs->maxframesize);
-	}
-}
-
-/*
- * Prepare urb for streaming before playback starts or when paused.
- *
- * We don't have any data, so we send silence.
- */
-static int prepare_nodata_playback_urb(struct snd_usb_substream *subs,
-				       struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime,
-				       struct urb *urb)
-{
-	unsigned int i, offs, counts;
-	struct snd_urb_ctx *ctx = urb->context;
-	int stride = runtime->frame_bits >> 3;
-
-	offs = 0;
-	urb->dev = ctx->subs->dev;
-	for (i = 0; i < ctx->packets; ++i) {
-		counts = snd_usb_audio_next_packet_size(subs);
-		urb->iso_frame_desc[i].offset = offs * stride;
-		urb->iso_frame_desc[i].length = counts * stride;
-		offs += counts;
-	}
-	urb->number_of_packets = ctx->packets;
-	urb->transfer_buffer_length = offs * stride;
-	memset(urb->transfer_buffer,
-	       runtime->format == SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_U8 ? 0x80 : 0,
-	       offs * stride);
-	return 0;
-}
-
-/*
- * prepare urb for playback data pipe
- *
- * Since a URB can handle only a single linear buffer, we must use double
- * buffering when the data to be transferred overflows the buffer boundary.
- * To avoid inconsistencies when updating hwptr_done, we use double buffering
- * for all URBs.
- */
-static int prepare_playback_urb(struct snd_usb_substream *subs,
-				struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime,
-				struct urb *urb)
-{
-	int i, stride;
-	unsigned int counts, frames, bytes;
-	unsigned long flags;
-	int period_elapsed = 0;
-	struct snd_urb_ctx *ctx = urb->context;
-
-	stride = runtime->frame_bits >> 3;
-
-	frames = 0;
-	urb->dev = ctx->subs->dev; /* we need to set this at each time */
-	urb->number_of_packets = 0;
-	spin_lock_irqsave(&subs->lock, flags);
-	for (i = 0; i < ctx->packets; i++) {
-		counts = snd_usb_audio_next_packet_size(subs);
-		/* set up descriptor */
-		urb->iso_frame_desc[i].offset = frames * stride;
-		urb->iso_frame_desc[i].length = counts * stride;
-		frames += counts;
-		urb->number_of_packets++;
-		subs->transfer_done += counts;
-		if (subs->transfer_done >= runtime->period_size) {
-			subs->transfer_done -= runtime->period_size;
-			period_elapsed = 1;
-			if (subs->fmt_type == UAC_FORMAT_TYPE_II) {
-				if (subs->transfer_done > 0) {
-					/* FIXME: fill-max mode is not
-					 * supported yet */
-					frames -= subs->transfer_done;
-					counts -= subs->transfer_done;
-					urb->iso_frame_desc[i].length =
-						counts * stride;
-					subs->transfer_done = 0;
-				}
-				i++;
-				if (i < ctx->packets) {
-					/* add a transfer delimiter */
-					urb->iso_frame_desc[i].offset =
-						frames * stride;
-					urb->iso_frame_desc[i].length = 0;
-					urb->number_of_packets++;
-				}
-				break;
-			}
-		}
-		if (period_elapsed) /* finish at the period boundary */
-			break;
-	}
-	bytes = frames * stride;
-	if (subs->hwptr_done + bytes > runtime->buffer_size * stride) {
-		/* err, the transferred area goes over buffer boundary. */
-		unsigned int bytes1 =
-			runtime->buffer_size * stride - subs->hwptr_done;
-		memcpy(urb->transfer_buffer,
-		       runtime->dma_area + subs->hwptr_done, bytes1);
-		memcpy(urb->transfer_buffer + bytes1,
-		       runtime->dma_area, bytes - bytes1);
-	} else {
-		memcpy(urb->transfer_buffer,
-		       runtime->dma_area + subs->hwptr_done, bytes);
-	}
-	subs->hwptr_done += bytes;
-	if (subs->hwptr_done >= runtime->buffer_size * stride)
-		subs->hwptr_done -= runtime->buffer_size * stride;
-
-	/* update delay with exact number of samples queued */
-	runtime->delay = subs->last_delay;
-	runtime->delay += frames;
-	subs->last_delay = runtime->delay;
-
-	/* realign last_frame_number */
-	subs->last_frame_number = usb_get_current_frame_number(subs->dev);
-	subs->last_frame_number &= 0xFF; /* keep 8 LSBs */
-
-	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&subs->lock, flags);
-	urb->transfer_buffer_length = bytes;
-	if (period_elapsed)
-		snd_pcm_period_elapsed(subs->pcm_substream);
-	return 0;
-}
-
-/*
- * process after playback data complete
- * - decrease the delay count again
- */
-static int retire_playback_urb(struct snd_usb_substream *subs,
-			       struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime,
-			       struct urb *urb)
-{
-	unsigned long flags;
-	int stride = runtime->frame_bits >> 3;
-	int processed = urb->transfer_buffer_length / stride;
-	int est_delay;
-
-	spin_lock_irqsave(&subs->lock, flags);
-
-	est_delay = snd_usb_pcm_delay(subs, runtime->rate);
-	/* update delay with exact number of samples played */
-	if (processed > subs->last_delay)
-		subs->last_delay = 0;
-	else
-		subs->last_delay -= processed;
-	runtime->delay = subs->last_delay;
-
-	/*
-	 * Report when delay estimate is off by more than 2ms.
-	 * The error should be lower than 2ms since the estimate relies
-	 * on two reads of a counter updated every ms.
-	 */
-	if (abs(est_delay - subs->last_delay) * 1000 > runtime->rate * 2)
-		snd_printk(KERN_DEBUG "delay: estimated %d, actual %d\n",
-			est_delay, subs->last_delay);
-
-	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&subs->lock, flags);
-	return 0;
+	if (u->buffer_size)
+		usb_free_coherent(u->ep->chip->dev, u->buffer_size,
+				  u->urb->transfer_buffer,
+				  u->urb->transfer_dma);
+	usb_free_urb(u->urb);
+	u->urb = NULL;
 }
 
 static const char *usb_error_string(int err)
···
 	}
 }
 
-/*
- * set up and start data/sync urbs
+/**
+ * snd_usb_endpoint_implicit_feedback_sink: Report endpoint usage type
+ *
+ * @ep: The snd_usb_endpoint
+ *
+ * Determine whether an endpoint is driven by an implicit feedback
+ * data endpoint source.
  */
-static int start_urbs(struct snd_usb_substream *subs, struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime)
+int snd_usb_endpoint_implict_feedback_sink(struct snd_usb_endpoint *ep)
 {
-	unsigned int i;
+	return  ep->sync_master &&
+		ep->sync_master->type == SND_USB_ENDPOINT_TYPE_DATA &&
+		ep->type == SND_USB_ENDPOINT_TYPE_DATA &&
+		usb_pipeout(ep->pipe);
+}
+
+/*
+ * For streaming based on information derived from sync endpoints,
+ * prepare_outbound_urb_sizes() will call next_packet_size() to
+ * determine the number of samples to be sent in the next packet.
+ *
+ * For implicit feedback, next_packet_size() is unused.
+ */
+static int next_packet_size(struct snd_usb_endpoint *ep)
+{
+	unsigned long flags;
+	int ret;
+
+	if (ep->fill_max)
+		return ep->maxframesize;
+
+	spin_lock_irqsave(&ep->lock, flags);
+	ep->phase = (ep->phase & 0xffff)
+		+ (ep->freqm << ep->datainterval);
+	ret = min(ep->phase >> 16, ep->maxframesize);
+	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&ep->lock, flags);
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static void retire_outbound_urb(struct snd_usb_endpoint *ep,
+				struct snd_urb_ctx *urb_ctx)
+{
+	if (ep->retire_data_urb)
+		ep->retire_data_urb(ep->data_subs, urb_ctx->urb);
+}
+
+static void retire_inbound_urb(struct snd_usb_endpoint *ep,
+			       struct snd_urb_ctx *urb_ctx)
+{
+	struct urb *urb = urb_ctx->urb;
+
+	if (ep->sync_slave)
+		snd_usb_handle_sync_urb(ep->sync_slave, ep, urb);
+
+	if (ep->retire_data_urb)
+		ep->retire_data_urb(ep->data_subs, urb);
+}
+
+static void prepare_outbound_urb_sizes(struct snd_usb_endpoint *ep,
+				       struct snd_urb_ctx *ctx)
+{
+	int i;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < ctx->packets; ++i)
+		ctx->packet_size[i] = next_packet_size(ep);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Prepare a PLAYBACK urb for submission to the bus.
+ */
+static void prepare_outbound_urb(struct snd_usb_endpoint *ep,
+				 struct snd_urb_ctx *ctx)
+{
+	int i;
+	struct urb *urb = ctx->urb;
+	unsigned char *cp = urb->transfer_buffer;
+
+	urb->dev = ep->chip->dev; /* we need to set this at each time */
+
+	switch (ep->type) {
+	case SND_USB_ENDPOINT_TYPE_DATA:
+		if (ep->prepare_data_urb) {
+			ep->prepare_data_urb(ep->data_subs, urb);
+		} else {
+			/* no data provider, so send silence */
+			unsigned int offs = 0;
+			for (i = 0; i < ctx->packets; ++i) {
+				int counts = ctx->packet_size[i];
+				urb->iso_frame_desc[i].offset = offs * ep->stride;
+				urb->iso_frame_desc[i].length = counts * ep->stride;
+				offs += counts;
+			}
+
+			urb->number_of_packets = ctx->packets;
+			urb->transfer_buffer_length = offs * ep->stride;
+			memset(urb->transfer_buffer, ep->silence_value,
+			       offs * ep->stride);
+		}
+		break;
+
+	case SND_USB_ENDPOINT_TYPE_SYNC:
+		if (snd_usb_get_speed(ep->chip->dev) >= USB_SPEED_HIGH) {
+			/*
+			 * fill the length and offset of each urb descriptor.
+			 * the fixed 12.13 frequency is passed as 16.16 through the pipe.
+			 */
+			urb->iso_frame_desc[0].length = 4;
+			urb->iso_frame_desc[0].offset = 0;
+			cp[0] = ep->freqn;
+			cp[1] = ep->freqn >> 8;
+			cp[2] = ep->freqn >> 16;
+			cp[3] = ep->freqn >> 24;
+		} else {
+			/*
+			 * fill the length and offset of each urb descriptor.
+			 * the fixed 10.14 frequency is passed through the pipe.
+			 */
+			urb->iso_frame_desc[0].length = 3;
+			urb->iso_frame_desc[0].offset = 0;
+			cp[0] = ep->freqn >> 2;
+			cp[1] = ep->freqn >> 10;
+			cp[2] = ep->freqn >> 18;
+		}
+
+		break;
+	}
+}
+
+/*
+ * Prepare a CAPTURE or SYNC urb for submission to the bus.
+ */
+static inline void prepare_inbound_urb(struct snd_usb_endpoint *ep,
+				       struct snd_urb_ctx *urb_ctx)
+{
+	int i, offs;
+	struct urb *urb = urb_ctx->urb;
+
+	urb->dev = ep->chip->dev; /* we need to set this at each time */
+
+	switch (ep->type) {
+	case SND_USB_ENDPOINT_TYPE_DATA:
+		offs = 0;
+		for (i = 0; i < urb_ctx->packets; i++) {
+			urb->iso_frame_desc[i].offset = offs;
+			urb->iso_frame_desc[i].length = ep->curpacksize;
+			offs += ep->curpacksize;
+		}
+
+		urb->transfer_buffer_length = offs;
+		urb->number_of_packets = urb_ctx->packets;
+		break;
+
+	case SND_USB_ENDPOINT_TYPE_SYNC:
+		urb->iso_frame_desc[0].length = min(4u, ep->syncmaxsize);
+		urb->iso_frame_desc[0].offset = 0;
+		break;
+	}
+}
+
+/*
+ * Send output urbs that have been prepared previously. URBs are dequeued
+ * from ep->ready_playback_urbs and in case there there aren't any available
+ * or there are no packets that have been prepared, this function does
+ * nothing.
+ *
+ * The reason why the functionality of sending and preparing URBs is separated
+ * is that host controllers don't guarantee the order in which they return
+ * inbound and outbound packets to their submitters.
+ *
+ * This function is only used for implicit feedback endpoints. For endpoints
+ * driven by dedicated sync endpoints, URBs are immediately re-submitted
+ * from their completion handler.
+ */
+static void queue_pending_output_urbs(struct snd_usb_endpoint *ep)
+{
+	while (test_bit(EP_FLAG_RUNNING, &ep->flags)) {
+
+		unsigned long flags;
+		struct snd_usb_packet_info *uninitialized_var(packet);
+		struct snd_urb_ctx *ctx = NULL;
+		struct urb *urb;
+		int err, i;
+
+		spin_lock_irqsave(&ep->lock, flags);
+		if (ep->next_packet_read_pos != ep->next_packet_write_pos) {
+			packet = ep->next_packet + ep->next_packet_read_pos;
+			ep->next_packet_read_pos++;
+			ep->next_packet_read_pos %= MAX_URBS;
+
+			/* take URB out of FIFO */
+			if (!list_empty(&ep->ready_playback_urbs))
+				ctx = list_first_entry(&ep->ready_playback_urbs,
+					       struct snd_urb_ctx, ready_list);
+		}
+		spin_unlock_irqrestore(&ep->lock, flags);
+
+		if (ctx == NULL)
+			return;
+
+		list_del_init(&ctx->ready_list);
+		urb = ctx->urb;
+
+		/* copy over the length information */
+		for (i = 0; i < packet->packets; i++)
+			ctx->packet_size[i] = packet->packet_size[i];
+
+		/* call the data handler to fill in playback data */
+		prepare_outbound_urb(ep, ctx);
+
+		err = usb_submit_urb(ctx->urb, GFP_ATOMIC);
+		if (err < 0)
+			snd_printk(KERN_ERR "Unable to submit urb #%d: %d (urb %p)\n",
+				   ctx->index, err, ctx->urb);
+		else
+			set_bit(ctx->index, &ep->active_mask);
+	}
+}
+
+/*
+ * complete callback for urbs
+ */
+static void snd_complete_urb(struct urb *urb)
+{
+	struct snd_urb_ctx *ctx = urb->context;
+	struct snd_usb_endpoint *ep = ctx->ep;
 	int err;
 
-	if (subs->stream->chip->shutdown)
-		return -EBADFD;
+	if (unlikely(urb->status == -ENOENT ||		/* unlinked */
+		     urb->status == -ENODEV ||		/* device removed */
+		     urb->status == -ECONNRESET ||	/* unlinked */
+		     urb->status == -ESHUTDOWN ||	/* device disabled */
+		     ep->chip->shutdown))		/* device disconnected */
+		goto exit_clear;
 
-	for (i = 0; i < subs->nurbs; i++) {
-		if (snd_BUG_ON(!subs->dataurb[i].urb))
-			return -EINVAL;
-		if (subs->ops.prepare(subs, runtime, subs->dataurb[i].urb) < 0) {
-			snd_printk(KERN_ERR "cannot prepare datapipe for urb %d\n", i);
-			goto __error;
+	if (usb_pipeout(ep->pipe)) {
+		retire_outbound_urb(ep, ctx);
+		/* can be stopped during retire callback */
+		if (unlikely(!test_bit(EP_FLAG_RUNNING, &ep->flags)))
+			goto exit_clear;
+
+		if (snd_usb_endpoint_implict_feedback_sink(ep)) {
+			unsigned long flags;
+
+			spin_lock_irqsave(&ep->lock, flags);
+			list_add_tail(&ctx->ready_list, &ep->ready_playback_urbs);
+			spin_unlock_irqrestore(&ep->lock, flags);
+			queue_pending_output_urbs(ep);
+
+			goto exit_clear;
+		}
+
+		prepare_outbound_urb_sizes(ep, ctx);
+		prepare_outbound_urb(ep, ctx);
+	} else {
+		retire_inbound_urb(ep, ctx);
+		/* can be stopped during retire callback */
+		if (unlikely(!test_bit(EP_FLAG_RUNNING, &ep->flags)))
+			goto exit_clear;
+
+		prepare_inbound_urb(ep, ctx);
+	}
+
+	err = usb_submit_urb(urb, GFP_ATOMIC);
+	if (err == 0)
+		return;
+
+	snd_printk(KERN_ERR "cannot submit urb (err = %d)\n", err);
+	//snd_pcm_stop(substream, SNDRV_PCM_STATE_XRUN);
+
+exit_clear:
+	clear_bit(ctx->index, &ep->active_mask);
+}
+
+/**
+ * snd_usb_add_endpoint: Add an endpoint to an USB audio chip
+ *
+ * @chip: The chip
+ * @alts: The USB host interface
+ * @ep_num: The number of the endpoint to use
+ * @direction: SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_PLAYBACK or SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_CAPTURE
+ * @type: SND_USB_ENDPOINT_TYPE_DATA or SND_USB_ENDPOINT_TYPE_SYNC
+ *
+ * If the requested endpoint has not been added to the given chip before,
+ * a new instance is created. Otherwise, a pointer to the previoulsy
+ * created instance is returned. In case of any error, NULL is returned.
+ *
+ * New endpoints will be added to chip->ep_list and must be freed by
+ * calling snd_usb_endpoint_free().
+ */
+struct snd_usb_endpoint *snd_usb_add_endpoint(struct snd_usb_audio *chip,
+					      struct usb_host_interface *alts,
+					      int ep_num, int direction, int type)
+{
+	struct list_head *p;
+	struct snd_usb_endpoint *ep;
+	int ret, is_playback = direction == SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_PLAYBACK;
+
+	mutex_lock(&chip->mutex);
+
+	list_for_each(p, &chip->ep_list) {
+		ep = list_entry(p, struct snd_usb_endpoint, list);
+		if (ep->ep_num == ep_num &&
+		    ep->iface == alts->desc.bInterfaceNumber &&
+		    ep->alt_idx == alts->desc.bAlternateSetting) {
+			snd_printdd(KERN_DEBUG "Re-using EP %x in iface %d,%d @%p\n",
+					ep_num, ep->iface, ep->alt_idx, ep);
+			goto __exit_unlock;
 		}
 	}
-	if (subs->syncpipe) {
-		for (i = 0; i < SYNC_URBS; i++) {
-			if (snd_BUG_ON(!subs->syncurb[i].urb))
-				return -EINVAL;
-			if (subs->ops.prepare_sync(subs, runtime, subs->syncurb[i].urb) < 0) {
-				snd_printk(KERN_ERR "cannot prepare syncpipe for urb %d\n", i);
-				goto __error;
+
+	snd_printdd(KERN_DEBUG "Creating new %s %s endpoint #%x\n",
+		    is_playback ? "playback" : "capture",
+		    type == SND_USB_ENDPOINT_TYPE_DATA ? "data" : "sync",
+		    ep_num);
+
+	/* select the alt setting once so the endpoints become valid */
+	ret = usb_set_interface(chip->dev, alts->desc.bInterfaceNumber,
+				alts->desc.bAlternateSetting);
+	if (ret < 0) {
+		snd_printk(KERN_ERR "%s(): usb_set_interface() failed, ret = %d\n",
+					__func__, ret);
+		ep = NULL;
+		goto __exit_unlock;
+	}
+
+	ep = kzalloc(sizeof(*ep), GFP_KERNEL);
+	if (!ep)
+		goto __exit_unlock;
+
+	ep->chip = chip;
+	spin_lock_init(&ep->lock);
+	ep->type = type;
+	ep->ep_num = ep_num;
+	ep->iface = alts->desc.bInterfaceNumber;
+	ep->alt_idx = alts->desc.bAlternateSetting;
+	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&ep->ready_playback_urbs);
+	ep_num &= USB_ENDPOINT_NUMBER_MASK;
+
+	if (is_playback)
+		ep->pipe = usb_sndisocpipe(chip->dev, ep_num);
+	else
+		ep->pipe = usb_rcvisocpipe(chip->dev, ep_num);
+
+	if (type == SND_USB_ENDPOINT_TYPE_SYNC) {
+		if (get_endpoint(alts, 1)->bLength >= USB_DT_ENDPOINT_AUDIO_SIZE &&
+		    get_endpoint(alts, 1)->bRefresh >= 1 &&
+		    get_endpoint(alts, 1)->bRefresh <= 9)
+			ep->syncinterval = get_endpoint(alts, 1)->bRefresh;
+		else if (snd_usb_get_speed(chip->dev) == USB_SPEED_FULL)
+			ep->syncinterval = 1;
+		else if (get_endpoint(alts, 1)->bInterval >= 1 &&
+			 get_endpoint(alts, 1)->bInterval <= 16)
+			ep->syncinterval = get_endpoint(alts, 1)->bInterval - 1;
+		else
+			ep->syncinterval = 3;
+
+		ep->syncmaxsize = le16_to_cpu(get_endpoint(alts, 1)->wMaxPacketSize);
+	}
+
+	list_add_tail(&ep->list, &chip->ep_list);
+
+__exit_unlock:
+	mutex_unlock(&chip->mutex);
+
+	return ep;
+}
+
+/*
+ *  wait until all urbs are processed.
+ */
+static int wait_clear_urbs(struct snd_usb_endpoint *ep)
+{
+	unsigned long end_time = jiffies + msecs_to_jiffies(1000);
+	unsigned int i;
+	int alive;
+
+	do {
+		alive = 0;
+		for (i = 0; i < ep->nurbs; i++)
+			if (test_bit(i, &ep->active_mask))
+				alive++;
+
+		if (!alive)
+			break;
+
+		schedule_timeout_uninterruptible(1);
+	} while (time_before(jiffies, end_time));
+
+	if (alive)
+		snd_printk(KERN_ERR "timeout: still %d active urbs on EP #%x\n",
+					alive, ep->ep_num);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * unlink active urbs.
+ */
+static int deactivate_urbs(struct snd_usb_endpoint *ep, int force, int can_sleep)
+{
+	unsigned int i;
+	int async;
+
+	if (!force && ep->chip->shutdown) /* to be sure... */
+		return -EBADFD;
+
+	async = !can_sleep && ep->chip->async_unlink;
+
+	clear_bit(EP_FLAG_RUNNING, &ep->flags);
+
+	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&ep->ready_playback_urbs);
+	ep->next_packet_read_pos = 0;
+	ep->next_packet_write_pos = 0;
+
+	if (!async && in_interrupt())
+		return 0;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < ep->nurbs; i++) {
+		if (test_bit(i, &ep->active_mask)) {
+			if (!test_and_set_bit(i, &ep->unlink_mask)) {
+				struct urb *u = ep->urb[i].urb;
+				if (async)
+					usb_unlink_urb(u);
+				else
+					usb_kill_urb(u);
 			}
 		}
 	}
 
-	subs->active_mask = 0;
-	subs->unlink_mask = 0;
-	subs->running = 1;
-	for (i = 0; i < subs->nurbs; i++) {
-		err = usb_submit_urb(subs->dataurb[i].urb, GFP_ATOMIC);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * release an endpoint's urbs
+ */
+static void release_urbs(struct snd_usb_endpoint *ep, int force)
+{
+	int i;
+
+	/* route incoming urbs to nirvana */
+	ep->retire_data_urb = NULL;
+	ep->prepare_data_urb = NULL;
+
+	/* stop urbs */
+	deactivate_urbs(ep, force, 1);
+	wait_clear_urbs(ep);
+
+	for (i = 0; i < ep->nurbs; i++)
+		release_urb_ctx(&ep->urb[i]);
+
+	if (ep->syncbuf)
+		usb_free_coherent(ep->chip->dev, SYNC_URBS * 4,
+				  ep->syncbuf, ep->sync_dma);
+
+	ep->syncbuf = NULL;
+	ep->nurbs = 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * configure a data endpoint
+ */
+static int data_ep_set_params(struct snd_usb_endpoint *ep,
+			      struct snd_pcm_hw_params *hw_params,
+			      struct audioformat *fmt,
+			      struct snd_usb_endpoint *sync_ep)
+{
+	unsigned int maxsize, i, urb_packs, total_packs, packs_per_ms;
+	int period_bytes = params_period_bytes(hw_params);
+	int format = params_format(hw_params);
+	int is_playback = usb_pipeout(ep->pipe);
+	int frame_bits = snd_pcm_format_physical_width(params_format(hw_params)) *
+							params_channels(hw_params);
+
+	ep->datainterval = fmt->datainterval;
+	ep->stride = frame_bits >> 3;
+	ep->silence_value = format == SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_U8 ? 0x80 : 0;
+
+	/* calculate max. frequency */
+	if (ep->maxpacksize) {
+		/* whatever fits into a max. size packet */
+		maxsize = ep->maxpacksize;
+		ep->freqmax = (maxsize / (frame_bits >> 3))
+				<< (16 - ep->datainterval);
+	} else {
+		/* no max. packet size: just take 25% higher than nominal */
+		ep->freqmax = ep->freqn + (ep->freqn >> 2);
+		maxsize = ((ep->freqmax + 0xffff) * (frame_bits >> 3))
+				>> (16 - ep->datainterval);
+	}
+
+	if (ep->fill_max)
+		ep->curpacksize = ep->maxpacksize;
+	else
+		ep->curpacksize = maxsize;
+
+	if (snd_usb_get_speed(ep->chip->dev) != USB_SPEED_FULL)
+		packs_per_ms = 8 >> ep->datainterval;
+	else
+		packs_per_ms = 1;
+
+	if (is_playback && !snd_usb_endpoint_implict_feedback_sink(ep)) {
+		urb_packs = max(ep->chip->nrpacks, 1);
+		urb_packs = min(urb_packs, (unsigned int) MAX_PACKS);
+	} else {
+		urb_packs = 1;
+	}
+
+	urb_packs *= packs_per_ms;
+
+	if (sync_ep && !snd_usb_endpoint_implict_feedback_sink(ep))
+		urb_packs = min(urb_packs, 1U << sync_ep->syncinterval);
+
+	/* decide how many packets to be used */
+	if (is_playback && !snd_usb_endpoint_implict_feedback_sink(ep)) {
+		unsigned int minsize, maxpacks;
+		/* determine how small a packet can be */
+		minsize = (ep->freqn >> (16 - ep->datainterval))
+			  * (frame_bits >> 3);
+		/* with sync from device, assume it can be 12% lower */
+		if (sync_ep)
+			minsize -= minsize >> 3;
+		minsize = max(minsize, 1u);
+		total_packs = (period_bytes + minsize - 1) / minsize;
+		/* we need at least two URBs for queueing */
+		if (total_packs < 2) {
+			total_packs = 2;
+		} else {
+			/* and we don't want too long a queue either */
+			maxpacks = max(MAX_QUEUE * packs_per_ms, urb_packs * 2);
+			total_packs = min(total_packs, maxpacks);
+		}
+	} else {
+		while (urb_packs > 1 && urb_packs * maxsize >= period_bytes)
+			urb_packs >>= 1;
+		total_packs = MAX_URBS * urb_packs;
+	}
+
+	ep->nurbs = (total_packs + urb_packs - 1) / urb_packs;
+	if (ep->nurbs > MAX_URBS) {
+		/* too much... */
+		ep->nurbs = MAX_URBS;
+		total_packs = MAX_URBS * urb_packs;
+	} else if (ep->nurbs < 2) {
+		/* too little - we need at least two packets
+		 * to ensure contiguous playback/capture
+		 */
+		ep->nurbs = 2;
+	}
+
+	/* allocate and initialize data urbs */
+	for (i = 0; i < ep->nurbs; i++) {
+		struct snd_urb_ctx *u = &ep->urb[i];
+		u->index = i;
+		u->ep = ep;
+		u->packets = (i + 1) * total_packs / ep->nurbs
+			- i * total_packs / ep->nurbs;
+		u->buffer_size = maxsize * u->packets;
+
+		if (fmt->fmt_type == UAC_FORMAT_TYPE_II)
+			u->packets++; /* for transfer delimiter */
+		u->urb = usb_alloc_urb(u->packets, GFP_KERNEL);
+		if (!u->urb)
+			goto out_of_memory;
+
+		u->urb->transfer_buffer =
+			usb_alloc_coherent(ep->chip->dev, u->buffer_size,
+					   GFP_KERNEL, &u->urb->transfer_dma);
+		if (!u->urb->transfer_buffer)
+			goto out_of_memory;
+		u->urb->pipe = ep->pipe;
+		u->urb->transfer_flags = URB_ISO_ASAP | URB_NO_TRANSFER_DMA_MAP;
+		u->urb->interval = 1 << ep->datainterval;
+		u->urb->context = u;
+		u->urb->complete = snd_complete_urb;
+		INIT_LIST_HEAD(&u->ready_list);
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+
+out_of_memory:
+	release_urbs(ep, 0);
+	return -ENOMEM;
+}
+
+/*
+ * configure a sync endpoint
+ */
+static int sync_ep_set_params(struct snd_usb_endpoint *ep,
+			      struct snd_pcm_hw_params *hw_params,
+			      struct audioformat *fmt)
+{
+	int i;
+
+	ep->syncbuf = usb_alloc_coherent(ep->chip->dev, SYNC_URBS * 4,
+					 GFP_KERNEL, &ep->sync_dma);
+	if (!ep->syncbuf)
+		return -ENOMEM;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < SYNC_URBS; i++) {
+		struct snd_urb_ctx *u = &ep->urb[i];
+		u->index = i;
+		u->ep = ep;
+		u->packets = 1;
+		u->urb = usb_alloc_urb(1, GFP_KERNEL);
+		if (!u->urb)
+			goto out_of_memory;
+		u->urb->transfer_buffer = ep->syncbuf + i * 4;
+		u->urb->transfer_dma = ep->sync_dma + i * 4;
+		u->urb->transfer_buffer_length = 4;
+		u->urb->pipe = ep->pipe;
+		u->urb->transfer_flags = URB_ISO_ASAP |
+					 URB_NO_TRANSFER_DMA_MAP;
+		u->urb->number_of_packets = 1;
+		u->urb->interval = 1 << ep->syncinterval;
+		u->urb->context = u;
+		u->urb->complete = snd_complete_urb;
+	}
+
+	ep->nurbs = SYNC_URBS;
+
+	return 0;
+
+out_of_memory:
+	release_urbs(ep, 0);
+	return -ENOMEM;
+}
+
+/**
+ * snd_usb_endpoint_set_params: configure an snd_usb_endpoint
+ *
+ * @ep: the snd_usb_endpoint to configure
+ * @hw_params: the hardware parameters
+ * @fmt: the USB audio format information
+ * @sync_ep: the sync endpoint to use, if any
+ *
+ * Determine the number of URBs to be used on this endpoint.
+ * An endpoint must be configured before it can be started.
+ * An endpoint that is already running can not be reconfigured.
+ */
+int snd_usb_endpoint_set_params(struct snd_usb_endpoint *ep,
+				struct snd_pcm_hw_params *hw_params,
+				struct audioformat *fmt,
+				struct snd_usb_endpoint *sync_ep)
+{
+	int err;
+
+	if (ep->use_count != 0) {
+		snd_printk(KERN_WARNING "Unable to change format on ep #%x: already in use\n",
+			   ep->ep_num);
+		return -EBUSY;
+	}
+
+	/* release old buffers, if any */
+	release_urbs(ep, 0);
+
+	ep->datainterval = fmt->datainterval;
+	ep->maxpacksize = fmt->maxpacksize;
+	ep->fill_max = !!(fmt->attributes & UAC_EP_CS_ATTR_FILL_MAX);
+
+	if (snd_usb_get_speed(ep->chip->dev) == USB_SPEED_FULL)
+		ep->freqn = get_usb_full_speed_rate(params_rate(hw_params));
+	else
+		ep->freqn = get_usb_high_speed_rate(params_rate(hw_params));
+
+	/* calculate the frequency in 16.16 format */
+	ep->freqm = ep->freqn;
+	ep->freqshift = INT_MIN;
+
+	ep->phase = 0;
+
+	switch (ep->type) {
+	case  SND_USB_ENDPOINT_TYPE_DATA:
+		err = data_ep_set_params(ep, hw_params, fmt, sync_ep);
+		break;
+	case  SND_USB_ENDPOINT_TYPE_SYNC:
+		err = sync_ep_set_params(ep, hw_params, fmt);
+		break;
+	default:
+		err = -EINVAL;
+	}
+
+	snd_printdd(KERN_DEBUG "Setting params for ep #%x (type %d, %d urbs), ret=%d\n",
+		   ep->ep_num, ep->type, ep->nurbs, err);
+
+	return err;
+}
+
+/**
+ * snd_usb_endpoint_start: start an snd_usb_endpoint
+ *
+ * @ep: the endpoint to start
+ *
+ * A call to this function will increment the use count of the endpoint.
+ * In case it is not already running, the URBs for this endpoint will be
+ * submitted. Otherwise, this function does nothing.
+ *
+ * Must be balanced to calls of snd_usb_endpoint_stop().
+ *
+ * Returns an error if the URB submission failed, 0 in all other cases.
+ */
+int snd_usb_endpoint_start(struct snd_usb_endpoint *ep)
+{
+	int err;
+	unsigned int i;
+
+	if (ep->chip->shutdown)
+		return -EBADFD;
+
+	/* already running? */
+	if (++ep->use_count != 1)
+		return 0;
+
+	if (snd_BUG_ON(!test_bit(EP_FLAG_ACTIVATED, &ep->flags)))
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	/* just to be sure */
+	deactivate_urbs(ep, 0, 1);
+	wait_clear_urbs(ep);
+
+	ep->active_mask = 0;
+	ep->unlink_mask = 0;
+	ep->phase = 0;
+
+	/*
+	 * If this endpoint has a data endpoint as implicit feedback source,
+	 * don't start the urbs here. Instead, mark them all as available,
+	 * wait for the record urbs to return and queue the playback urbs
+	 * from that context.
+	 */
+
+	set_bit(EP_FLAG_RUNNING, &ep->flags);
+
+	if (snd_usb_endpoint_implict_feedback_sink(ep)) {
+		for (i = 0; i < ep->nurbs; i++) {
+			struct snd_urb_ctx *ctx = ep->urb + i;
+			list_add_tail(&ctx->ready_list, &ep->ready_playback_urbs);
+		}
+
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	for (i = 0; i < ep->nurbs; i++) {
+		struct urb *urb = ep->urb[i].urb;
+
+		if (snd_BUG_ON(!urb))
+			goto __error;
+
+		if (usb_pipeout(ep->pipe)) {
+			prepare_outbound_urb_sizes(ep, urb->context);
+			prepare_outbound_urb(ep, urb->context);
+		} else {
+			prepare_inbound_urb(ep, urb->context);
+		}
+
+		err = usb_submit_urb(urb, GFP_ATOMIC);
 		if (err < 0) {
-			snd_printk(KERN_ERR "cannot submit datapipe "
-				   "for urb %d, error %d: %s\n",
+			snd_printk(KERN_ERR "cannot submit urb %d, error %d: %s\n",
 				   i, err, usb_error_string(err));
 			goto __error;
 		}
-		set_bit(i, &subs->active_mask);
+		set_bit(i, &ep->active_mask);
 	}
-	if (subs->syncpipe) {
-		for (i = 0; i < SYNC_URBS; i++) {
-			err = usb_submit_urb(subs->syncurb[i].urb, GFP_ATOMIC);
-			if (err < 0) {
-				snd_printk(KERN_ERR "cannot submit syncpipe "
-					   "for urb %d, error %d: %s\n",
-					   i, err, usb_error_string(err));
-				goto __error;
-			}
-			set_bit(i + 16, &subs->active_mask);
-		}
-	}
+
 	return 0;
 
- __error:
-	// snd_pcm_stop(subs->pcm_substream, SNDRV_PCM_STATE_XRUN);
-	deactivate_urbs(subs, 0, 0);
+__error:
+	clear_bit(EP_FLAG_RUNNING, &ep->flags);
+	ep->use_count--;
+	deactivate_urbs(ep, 0, 0);
 	return -EPIPE;
 }
 
-
-/*
+/**
+ * snd_usb_endpoint_stop: stop an snd_usb_endpoint
+ *
+ * @ep: the endpoint to stop (may be NULL)
+ *
+ * A call to this function will decrement the use count of the endpoint.
+ * In case the last user has requested the endpoint stop, the URBs will
+ * actually be deactivated.
+ *
+ * Must be balanced to calls of snd_usb_endpoint_start().
  */
-static struct snd_urb_ops audio_urb_ops[2] = {
-	{
-		.prepare =	prepare_nodata_playback_urb,
-		.retire =	retire_playback_urb,
-		.prepare_sync =	prepare_playback_sync_urb,
-		.retire_sync =	retire_playback_sync_urb,
-	},
-	{
-		.prepare =	prepare_capture_urb,
-		.retire =	retire_capture_urb,
-		.prepare_sync =	prepare_capture_sync_urb,
-		.retire_sync =	retire_capture_sync_urb,
-	},
-};
+void snd_usb_endpoint_stop(struct snd_usb_endpoint *ep,
+			   int force, int can_sleep, int wait)
+{
+	if (!ep)
+		return;
 
-/*
- * initialize the substream instance.
+	if (snd_BUG_ON(ep->use_count == 0))
+		return;
+
+	if (snd_BUG_ON(!test_bit(EP_FLAG_ACTIVATED, &ep->flags)))
+		return;
+
+	if (--ep->use_count == 0) {
+		deactivate_urbs(ep, force, can_sleep);
+		ep->data_subs = NULL;
+		ep->sync_slave = NULL;
+		ep->retire_data_urb = NULL;
+		ep->prepare_data_urb = NULL;
+
+		if (wait)
+			wait_clear_urbs(ep);
+	}
+}
+
+/**
+ * snd_usb_endpoint_activate: activate an snd_usb_endpoint
+ *
+ * @ep: the endpoint to activate
+ *
+ * If the endpoint is not currently in use, this functions will select the
+ * correct alternate interface setting for the interface of this endpoint.
+ *
+ * In case of any active users, this functions does nothing.
+ *
+ * Returns an error if usb_set_interface() failed, 0 in all other
+ * cases.
  */
-
-void snd_usb_init_substream(struct snd_usb_stream *as,
-			    int stream, struct audioformat *fp)
+int snd_usb_endpoint_activate(struct snd_usb_endpoint *ep)
 {
-	struct snd_usb_substream *subs = &as->substream[stream];
-
-	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&subs->fmt_list);
-	spin_lock_init(&subs->lock);
-
-	subs->stream = as;
-	subs->direction = stream;
-	subs->dev = as->chip->dev;
-	subs->txfr_quirk = as->chip->txfr_quirk;
-	subs->ops = audio_urb_ops[stream];
-	if (snd_usb_get_speed(subs->dev) >= USB_SPEED_HIGH)
-		subs->ops.prepare_sync = prepare_capture_sync_urb_hs;
-
-	snd_usb_set_pcm_ops(as->pcm, stream);
-
-	list_add_tail(&fp->list, &subs->fmt_list);
-	subs->formats |= fp->formats;
-	subs->endpoint = fp->endpoint;
-	subs->num_formats++;
-	subs->fmt_type = fp->fmt_type;
-}
-
-int snd_usb_substream_playback_trigger(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream, int cmd)
-{
-	struct snd_usb_substream *subs = substream->runtime->private_data;
-
-	switch (cmd) {
-	case SNDRV_PCM_TRIGGER_START:
-	case SNDRV_PCM_TRIGGER_PAUSE_RELEASE:
-		subs->ops.prepare = prepare_playback_urb;
+	if (ep->use_count != 0)
 		return 0;
-	case SNDRV_PCM_TRIGGER_STOP:
-		return deactivate_urbs(subs, 0, 0);
-	case SNDRV_PCM_TRIGGER_PAUSE_PUSH:
-		subs->ops.prepare = prepare_nodata_playback_urb;
+
+	if (!ep->chip->shutdown &&
+	    !test_and_set_bit(EP_FLAG_ACTIVATED, &ep->flags)) {
+		int ret;
+
+		ret = usb_set_interface(ep->chip->dev, ep->iface, ep->alt_idx);
+		if (ret < 0) {
+			snd_printk(KERN_ERR "%s() usb_set_interface() failed, ret = %d\n",
+						__func__, ret);
+			clear_bit(EP_FLAG_ACTIVATED, &ep->flags);
+			return ret;
+		}
+
 		return 0;
 	}
 
-	return -EINVAL;
+	return -EBUSY;
 }
 
-int snd_usb_substream_capture_trigger(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream, int cmd)
+/**
+ * snd_usb_endpoint_deactivate: deactivate an snd_usb_endpoint
+ *
+ * @ep: the endpoint to deactivate
+ *
+ * If the endpoint is not currently in use, this functions will select the
+ * alternate interface setting 0 for the interface of this endpoint.
+ *
+ * In case of any active users, this functions does nothing.
+ *
+ * Returns an error if usb_set_interface() failed, 0 in all other
+ * cases.
+ */
+int snd_usb_endpoint_deactivate(struct snd_usb_endpoint *ep)
 {
-	struct snd_usb_substream *subs = substream->runtime->private_data;
+	if (!ep)
+		return -EINVAL;
 
-	switch (cmd) {
-	case SNDRV_PCM_TRIGGER_START:
-		subs->ops.retire = retire_capture_urb;
-		return start_urbs(subs, substream->runtime);
-	case SNDRV_PCM_TRIGGER_STOP:
-		return deactivate_urbs(subs, 0, 0);
-	case SNDRV_PCM_TRIGGER_PAUSE_PUSH:
-		subs->ops.retire = retire_paused_capture_urb;
+	if (ep->use_count != 0)
 		return 0;
-	case SNDRV_PCM_TRIGGER_PAUSE_RELEASE:
-		subs->ops.retire = retire_capture_urb;
+
+	if (!ep->chip->shutdown &&
+	    test_and_clear_bit(EP_FLAG_ACTIVATED, &ep->flags)) {
+		int ret;
+
+		ret = usb_set_interface(ep->chip->dev, ep->iface, 0);
+		if (ret < 0) {
+			snd_printk(KERN_ERR "%s(): usb_set_interface() failed, ret = %d\n",
+						__func__, ret);
+			return ret;
+		}
+
 		return 0;
 	}
 
-	return -EINVAL;
+	return -EBUSY;
 }
 
-int snd_usb_substream_prepare(struct snd_usb_substream *subs,
-			      struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime)
+/**
+ * snd_usb_endpoint_free: Free the resources of an snd_usb_endpoint
+ *
+ * @ep: the list header of the endpoint to free
+ *
+ * This function does not care for the endpoint's use count but will tear
+ * down all the streaming URBs immediately and free all resources.
+ */
+void snd_usb_endpoint_free(struct list_head *head)
 {
-	/* clear urbs (to be sure) */
-	deactivate_urbs(subs, 0, 1);
-	wait_clear_urbs(subs);
+	struct snd_usb_endpoint *ep;
 
-	/* for playback, submit the URBs now; otherwise, the first hwptr_done
-	 * updates for all URBs would happen at the same time when starting */
-	if (subs->direction == SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_PLAYBACK) {
-		subs->ops.prepare = prepare_nodata_playback_urb;
-		return start_urbs(subs, runtime);
+	ep = list_entry(head, struct snd_usb_endpoint, list);
+	release_urbs(ep, 1);
+	kfree(ep);
+}
+
+/**
+ * snd_usb_handle_sync_urb: parse an USB sync packet
+ *
+ * @ep: the endpoint to handle the packet
+ * @sender: the sending endpoint
+ * @urb: the received packet
+ *
+ * This function is called from the context of an endpoint that received
+ * the packet and is used to let another endpoint object handle the payload.
+ */
+void snd_usb_handle_sync_urb(struct snd_usb_endpoint *ep,
+			     struct snd_usb_endpoint *sender,
+			     const struct urb *urb)
+{
+	int shift;
+	unsigned int f;
+	unsigned long flags;
+
+	snd_BUG_ON(ep == sender);
+
+	/*
+	 * In case the endpoint is operating in implicit feedback mode, prepare
+	 * a new outbound URB that has the same layout as the received packet
+	 * and add it to the list of pending urbs. queue_pending_output_urbs()
+	 * will take care of them later.
+	 */
+	if (snd_usb_endpoint_implict_feedback_sink(ep) &&
+	    ep->use_count != 0) {
+
+		/* implicit feedback case */
+		int i, bytes = 0;
+		struct snd_urb_ctx *in_ctx;
+		struct snd_usb_packet_info *out_packet;
+
+		in_ctx = urb->context;
+
+		/* Count overall packet size */
+		for (i = 0; i < in_ctx->packets; i++)
+			if (urb->iso_frame_desc[i].status == 0)
+				bytes += urb->iso_frame_desc[i].actual_length;
+
+		/*
+		 * skip empty packets. At least M-Audio's Fast Track Ultra stops
+		 * streaming once it received a 0-byte OUT URB
+		 */
+		if (bytes == 0)
+			return;
+
+		spin_lock_irqsave(&ep->lock, flags);
+		out_packet = ep->next_packet + ep->next_packet_write_pos;
+
+		/*
+		 * Iterate through the inbound packet and prepare the lengths
+		 * for the output packet. The OUT packet we are about to send
+		 * will have the same amount of payload bytes than the IN
+		 * packet we just received.
+		 */
+
+		out_packet->packets = in_ctx->packets;
+		for (i = 0; i < in_ctx->packets; i++) {
+			if (urb->iso_frame_desc[i].status == 0)
+				out_packet->packet_size[i] =
+					urb->iso_frame_desc[i].actual_length / ep->stride;
+			else
+				out_packet->packet_size[i] = 0;
+		}
+
+		ep->next_packet_write_pos++;
+		ep->next_packet_write_pos %= MAX_URBS;
+		spin_unlock_irqrestore(&ep->lock, flags);
+		queue_pending_output_urbs(ep);
+
+		return;
 	}
 
-	return 0;
+	/*
+	 * process after playback sync complete
+	 *
+	 * Full speed devices report feedback values in 10.14 format as samples
+	 * per frame, high speed devices in 16.16 format as samples per
+	 * microframe.
+	 *
+	 * Because the Audio Class 1 spec was written before USB 2.0, many high
+	 * speed devices use a wrong interpretation, some others use an
+	 * entirely different format.
+	 *
+	 * Therefore, we cannot predict what format any particular device uses
+	 * and must detect it automatically.
+	 */
+
+	if (urb->iso_frame_desc[0].status != 0 ||
+	    urb->iso_frame_desc[0].actual_length < 3)
+		return;
+
+	f = le32_to_cpup(urb->transfer_buffer);
+	if (urb->iso_frame_desc[0].actual_length == 3)
+		f &= 0x00ffffff;
+	else
+		f &= 0x0fffffff;
+
+	if (f == 0)
+		return;
+
+	if (unlikely(ep->freqshift == INT_MIN)) {
+		/*
+		 * The first time we see a feedback value, determine its format
+		 * by shifting it left or right until it matches the nominal
+		 * frequency value.  This assumes that the feedback does not
+		 * differ from the nominal value more than +50% or -25%.
+		 */
+		shift = 0;
+		while (f < ep->freqn - ep->freqn / 4) {
+			f <<= 1;
+			shift++;
+		}
+		while (f > ep->freqn + ep->freqn / 2) {
+			f >>= 1;
+			shift--;
+		}
+		ep->freqshift = shift;
+	} else if (ep->freqshift >= 0)
+		f <<= ep->freqshift;
+	else
+		f >>= -ep->freqshift;
+
+	if (likely(f >= ep->freqn - ep->freqn / 8 && f <= ep->freqmax)) {
+		/*
+		 * If the frequency looks valid, set it.
+		 * This value is referred to in prepare_playback_urb().
+		 */
+		spin_lock_irqsave(&ep->lock, flags);
+		ep->freqm = f;
+		spin_unlock_irqrestore(&ep->lock, flags);
+	} else {
+		/*
+		 * Out of range; maybe the shift value is wrong.
+		 * Reset it so that we autodetect again the next time.
+		 */
+		ep->freqshift = INT_MIN;
+	}
 }
 

sound/usb/endpoint.h

···
 #ifndef __USBAUDIO_ENDPOINT_H
 #define __USBAUDIO_ENDPOINT_H
 
-void snd_usb_init_substream(struct snd_usb_stream *as,
-			    int stream,
-			    struct audioformat *fp);
+#define SND_USB_ENDPOINT_TYPE_DATA     0
+#define SND_USB_ENDPOINT_TYPE_SYNC     1
 
-int snd_usb_init_substream_urbs(struct snd_usb_substream *subs,
-				unsigned int period_bytes,
-				unsigned int rate,
-				unsigned int frame_bits);
+struct snd_usb_endpoint *snd_usb_add_endpoint(struct snd_usb_audio *chip,
+					      struct usb_host_interface *alts,
+					      int ep_num, int direction, int type);
 
-void snd_usb_release_substream_urbs(struct snd_usb_substream *subs, int force);
+int snd_usb_endpoint_set_params(struct snd_usb_endpoint *ep,
+				struct snd_pcm_hw_params *hw_params,
+				struct audioformat *fmt,
+				struct snd_usb_endpoint *sync_ep);
 
-int snd_usb_substream_prepare(struct snd_usb_substream *subs,
-			      struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime);
+int  snd_usb_endpoint_start(struct snd_usb_endpoint *ep);
+void snd_usb_endpoint_stop(struct snd_usb_endpoint *ep,
+			   int force, int can_sleep, int wait);
+int  snd_usb_endpoint_activate(struct snd_usb_endpoint *ep);
+int  snd_usb_endpoint_deactivate(struct snd_usb_endpoint *ep);
+void snd_usb_endpoint_free(struct list_head *head);
 
-int snd_usb_substream_playback_trigger(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream, int cmd);
-int snd_usb_substream_capture_trigger(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream, int cmd);
+int snd_usb_endpoint_implict_feedback_sink(struct snd_usb_endpoint *ep);
+
+void snd_usb_handle_sync_urb(struct snd_usb_endpoint *ep,
+			     struct snd_usb_endpoint *sender,
+			     const struct urb *urb);
 
 #endif /* __USBAUDIO_ENDPOINT_H */

sound/usb/mixer.c

···
 /*
  * TLV callback for mixer volume controls
  */
-static int mixer_vol_tlv(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol, int op_flag,
+int snd_usb_mixer_vol_tlv(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol, int op_flag,
 			 unsigned int size, unsigned int __user *_tlv)
 {
 	struct usb_mixer_elem_info *cval = kcontrol->private_data;
···
 				  struct snd_kcontrol *kctl)
 {
 	switch (cval->mixer->chip->usb_id) {
+	case USB_ID(0x0763, 0x2081): /* M-Audio Fast Track Ultra 8R */
+	case USB_ID(0x0763, 0x2080): /* M-Audio Fast Track Ultra */
+		if (strcmp(kctl->id.name, "Effect Duration") == 0) {
+			snd_printk(KERN_INFO
+				"usb-audio: set quirk for FTU Effect Duration\n");
+			cval->min = 0x0000;
+			cval->max = 0x7f00;
+			cval->res = 0x0100;
+			break;
+		}
+		if (strcmp(kctl->id.name, "Effect Volume") == 0 ||
+		    strcmp(kctl->id.name, "Effect Feedback Volume") == 0) {
+			snd_printk(KERN_INFO
+				"usb-audio: set quirks for FTU Effect Feedback/Volume\n");
+			cval->min = 0x00;
+			cval->max = 0x7f;
+			break;
+		}
+		break;
+
 	case USB_ID(0x0471, 0x0101):
 	case USB_ID(0x0471, 0x0104):
 	case USB_ID(0x0471, 0x0105):
···
 		len = snd_usb_copy_string_desc(state, nameid,
 				kctl->id.name, sizeof(kctl->id.name));
 
-	/* get min/max values */
-	get_min_max_with_quirks(cval, 0, kctl);
-
 	switch (control) {
 	case UAC_FU_MUTE:
 	case UAC_FU_VOLUME:
···
 		}
 		append_ctl_name(kctl, control == UAC_FU_MUTE ?
 				" Switch" : " Volume");
-		if (control == UAC_FU_VOLUME) {
-			check_mapped_dB(map, cval);
-			if (cval->dBmin < cval->dBmax || !cval->initialized) {
-				kctl->tlv.c = mixer_vol_tlv;
-				kctl->vd[0].access |= 
-					SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_ACCESS_TLV_READ |
-					SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_ACCESS_TLV_CALLBACK;
-			}
-		}
 		break;
-
 	default:
 		if (! len)
 			strlcpy(kctl->id.name, audio_feature_info[control-1].name,
 				sizeof(kctl->id.name));
 		break;
+	}
+
+	/* get min/max values */
+	get_min_max_with_quirks(cval, 0, kctl);
+
+	if (control == UAC_FU_VOLUME) {
+		check_mapped_dB(map, cval);
+		if (cval->dBmin < cval->dBmax || !cval->initialized) {
+			kctl->tlv.c = snd_usb_mixer_vol_tlv;
+			kctl->vd[0].access |=
+				SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_ACCESS_TLV_READ |
+				SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_ACCESS_TLV_CALLBACK;
+		}
 	}
 
 	range = (cval->max - cval->min) / cval->res;
···
 	for (pin = 0; pin < input_pins; pin++) {
 		err = parse_audio_unit(state, desc->baSourceID[pin]);
 		if (err < 0)
-			return err;
+			continue;
 		err = check_input_term(state, desc->baSourceID[pin], &iterm);
 		if (err < 0)
 			return err;

sound/usb/mixer.h

···
 int snd_usb_mixer_add_control(struct usb_mixer_interface *mixer,
 			      struct snd_kcontrol *kctl);
 
+int snd_usb_mixer_vol_tlv(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol, int op_flag,
+			  unsigned int size, unsigned int __user *_tlv);
+
 #endif /* __USBMIXER_H */

sound/usb/mixer_maps.c

···
 	{ 0 } /* terminator */
 };
 
+static struct usbmix_name_map ebox44_map[] = {
+	{ 4, NULL }, /* FU */
+	{ 6, NULL }, /* MU */
+	{ 7, NULL }, /* FU */
+	{ 10, NULL }, /* FU */
+	{ 11, NULL }, /* MU */
+	{ 0 }
+};
+
 /* "Gamesurround Muse Pocket LT" looks same like "Sound Blaster MP3+"
  *  most importand difference is SU[8], it should be set to "Capture Source"
  *  to make alsamixer and PA working properly.
···
 		.id = USB_ID(0x13e5, 0x0001),
 		.map = scratch_live_map,
 		.ignore_ctl_error = 1,
+	},
+	{
+		.id = USB_ID(0x200c, 0x1018),
+		.map = ebox44_map,
 	},
 	{ 0 } /* terminator */
 };

sound/usb/mixer_quirks.c

···
 
 extern struct snd_kcontrol_new *snd_usb_feature_unit_ctl;
 
+/* private_free callback */
+static void usb_mixer_elem_free(struct snd_kcontrol *kctl)
+{
+	kfree(kctl->private_data);
+	kctl->private_data = NULL;
+}
+
+/* This function allows for the creation of standard UAC controls.
+ * See the quirks for M-Audio FTUs or Ebox-44.
+ * If you don't want to set a TLV callback pass NULL.
+ *
+ * Since there doesn't seem to be a devices that needs a multichannel
+ * version, we keep it mono for simplicity.
+ */
+static int snd_create_std_mono_ctl(struct usb_mixer_interface *mixer,
+				unsigned int unitid,
+				unsigned int control,
+				unsigned int cmask,
+				int val_type,
+				const char *name,
+				snd_kcontrol_tlv_rw_t *tlv_callback)
+{
+	int err;
+	struct usb_mixer_elem_info *cval;
+	struct snd_kcontrol *kctl;
+
+	cval = kzalloc(sizeof(*cval), GFP_KERNEL);
+	if (!cval)
+		return -ENOMEM;
+
+	cval->id = unitid;
+	cval->mixer = mixer;
+	cval->val_type = val_type;
+	cval->channels = 1;
+	cval->control = control;
+	cval->cmask = cmask;
+
+	/* get_min_max() is called only for integer volumes later,
+	 * so provide a short-cut for booleans */
+	cval->min = 0;
+	cval->max = 1;
+	cval->res = 0;
+	cval->dBmin = 0;
+	cval->dBmax = 0;
+
+	/* Create control */
+	kctl = snd_ctl_new1(snd_usb_feature_unit_ctl, cval);
+	if (!kctl) {
+		kfree(cval);
+		return -ENOMEM;
+	}
+
+	/* Set name */
+	snprintf(kctl->id.name, sizeof(kctl->id.name), name);
+	kctl->private_free = usb_mixer_elem_free;
+
+	/* set TLV */
+	if (tlv_callback) {
+		kctl->tlv.c = tlv_callback;
+		kctl->vd[0].access |=
+			SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_ACCESS_TLV_READ |
+			SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_ACCESS_TLV_CALLBACK;
+	}
+	/* Add control to mixer */
+	err = snd_usb_mixer_add_control(mixer, kctl);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
 /*
  * Sound Blaster remote control configuration
  *
···
 }
 
 /* M-Audio FastTrack Ultra quirks */
+/* FTU Effect switch */
+struct snd_ftu_eff_switch_priv_val {
+	struct usb_mixer_interface *mixer;
+	int cached_value;
+	int is_cached;
+};
 
-/* private_free callback */
-static void usb_mixer_elem_free(struct snd_kcontrol *kctl)
+static int snd_ftu_eff_switch_info(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol,
+					struct snd_ctl_elem_info *uinfo)
 {
-	kfree(kctl->private_data);
-	kctl->private_data = NULL;
+	static const char *texts[8] = {"Room 1",
+				       "Room 2",
+				       "Room 3",
+				       "Hall 1",
+				       "Hall 2",
+				       "Plate",
+				       "Delay",
+				       "Echo"
+	};
+
+	uinfo->type = SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_TYPE_ENUMERATED;
+	uinfo->count = 1;
+	uinfo->value.enumerated.items = 8;
+	if (uinfo->value.enumerated.item > 7)
+		uinfo->value.enumerated.item = 7;
+	strcpy(uinfo->value.enumerated.name,
+		texts[uinfo->value.enumerated.item]);
+
+	return 0;
 }
 
-static int snd_maudio_ftu_create_ctl(struct usb_mixer_interface *mixer,
-				     int in, int out, const char *name)
+static int snd_ftu_eff_switch_get(struct snd_kcontrol *kctl,
+					struct snd_ctl_elem_value *ucontrol)
 {
-	struct usb_mixer_elem_info *cval;
-	struct snd_kcontrol *kctl;
+	struct snd_usb_audio *chip;
+	struct usb_mixer_interface *mixer;
+	struct snd_ftu_eff_switch_priv_val *pval;
+	int err;
+	unsigned char value[2];
 
-	cval = kzalloc(sizeof(*cval), GFP_KERNEL);
-	if (!cval)
+	const int id = 6;
+	const int validx = 1;
+	const int val_len = 2;
+
+	value[0] = 0x00;
+	value[1] = 0x00;
+
+	pval = (struct snd_ftu_eff_switch_priv_val *)
+		kctl->private_value;
+
+	if (pval->is_cached) {
+		ucontrol->value.enumerated.item[0] = pval->cached_value;
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	mixer = (struct usb_mixer_interface *) pval->mixer;
+	if (snd_BUG_ON(!mixer))
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	chip = (struct snd_usb_audio *) mixer->chip;
+	if (snd_BUG_ON(!chip))
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+
+	err = snd_usb_ctl_msg(chip->dev,
+			usb_rcvctrlpipe(chip->dev, 0), UAC_GET_CUR,
+			USB_RECIP_INTERFACE | USB_TYPE_CLASS | USB_DIR_IN,
+			validx << 8, snd_usb_ctrl_intf(chip) | (id << 8),
+			value, val_len);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
+
+	ucontrol->value.enumerated.item[0] = value[0];
+	pval->cached_value = value[0];
+	pval->is_cached = 1;
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int snd_ftu_eff_switch_put(struct snd_kcontrol *kctl,
+					struct snd_ctl_elem_value *ucontrol)
+{
+	struct snd_usb_audio *chip;
+	struct snd_ftu_eff_switch_priv_val *pval;
+
+	struct usb_mixer_interface *mixer;
+	int changed, cur_val, err, new_val;
+	unsigned char value[2];
+
+
+	const int id = 6;
+	const int validx = 1;
+	const int val_len = 2;
+
+	changed = 0;
+
+	pval = (struct snd_ftu_eff_switch_priv_val *)
+		kctl->private_value;
+	cur_val = pval->cached_value;
+	new_val = ucontrol->value.enumerated.item[0];
+
+	mixer = (struct usb_mixer_interface *) pval->mixer;
+	if (snd_BUG_ON(!mixer))
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	chip = (struct snd_usb_audio *) mixer->chip;
+	if (snd_BUG_ON(!chip))
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	if (!pval->is_cached) {
+		/* Read current value */
+		err = snd_usb_ctl_msg(chip->dev,
+				usb_rcvctrlpipe(chip->dev, 0), UAC_GET_CUR,
+				USB_RECIP_INTERFACE | USB_TYPE_CLASS | USB_DIR_IN,
+				validx << 8, snd_usb_ctrl_intf(chip) | (id << 8),
+				value, val_len);
+		if (err < 0)
+			return err;
+
+		cur_val = value[0];
+		pval->cached_value = cur_val;
+		pval->is_cached = 1;
+	}
+	/* update value if needed */
+	if (cur_val != new_val) {
+		value[0] = new_val;
+		value[1] = 0;
+		err = snd_usb_ctl_msg(chip->dev,
+				usb_sndctrlpipe(chip->dev, 0), UAC_SET_CUR,
+				USB_RECIP_INTERFACE | USB_TYPE_CLASS | USB_DIR_OUT,
+				validx << 8, snd_usb_ctrl_intf(chip) | (id << 8),
+				value, val_len);
+		if (err < 0)
+			return err;
+
+		pval->cached_value = new_val;
+		pval->is_cached = 1;
+		changed = 1;
+	}
+
+	return changed;
+}
+
+static int snd_ftu_create_effect_switch(struct usb_mixer_interface *mixer)
+{
+	static struct snd_kcontrol_new template = {
+		.iface = SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_IFACE_MIXER,
+		.name = "Effect Program Switch",
+		.index = 0,
+		.access = SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_ACCESS_READWRITE,
+		.info = snd_ftu_eff_switch_info,
+		.get = snd_ftu_eff_switch_get,
+		.put = snd_ftu_eff_switch_put
+	};
+
+	int err;
+	struct snd_kcontrol *kctl;
+	struct snd_ftu_eff_switch_priv_val *pval;
+
+	pval = kzalloc(sizeof(*pval), GFP_KERNEL);
+	if (!pval)
 		return -ENOMEM;
 
-	cval->id = 5;
-	cval->mixer = mixer;
-	cval->val_type = USB_MIXER_S16;
-	cval->channels = 1;
-	cval->control = out + 1;
-	cval->cmask = 1 << in;
+	pval->cached_value = 0;
+	pval->is_cached = 0;
+	pval->mixer = mixer;
 
-	kctl = snd_ctl_new1(snd_usb_feature_unit_ctl, cval);
+	template.private_value = (unsigned long) pval;
+	kctl = snd_ctl_new1(&template, mixer->chip);
 	if (!kctl) {
-		kfree(cval);
+		kfree(pval);
 		return -ENOMEM;
 	}
 
-	snprintf(kctl->id.name, sizeof(kctl->id.name), name);
-	kctl->private_free = usb_mixer_elem_free;
-	return snd_usb_mixer_add_control(mixer, kctl);
+	err = snd_ctl_add(mixer->chip->card, kctl);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
+
+	return 0;
 }
 
-static int snd_maudio_ftu_create_mixer(struct usb_mixer_interface *mixer)
+/* Create volume controls for FTU devices*/
+static int snd_ftu_create_volume_ctls(struct usb_mixer_interface *mixer)
 {
 	char name[64];
+	unsigned int control, cmask;
 	int in, out, err;
 
+	const unsigned int id = 5;
+	const int val_type = USB_MIXER_S16;
+
 	for (out = 0; out < 8; out++) {
+		control = out + 1;
 		for (in = 0; in < 8; in++) {
+			cmask = 1 << in;
 			snprintf(name, sizeof(name),
-				 "AIn%d - Out%d Capture Volume", in  + 1, out + 1);
-			err = snd_maudio_ftu_create_ctl(mixer, in, out, name);
+				"AIn%d - Out%d Capture Volume",
+				in  + 1, out + 1);
+			err = snd_create_std_mono_ctl(mixer, id, control,
+							cmask, val_type, name,
+							&snd_usb_mixer_vol_tlv);
 			if (err < 0)
 				return err;
 		}
-
 		for (in = 8; in < 16; in++) {
+			cmask = 1 << in;
 			snprintf(name, sizeof(name),
-				 "DIn%d - Out%d Playback Volume", in - 7, out + 1);
-			err = snd_maudio_ftu_create_ctl(mixer, in, out, name);
+				"DIn%d - Out%d Playback Volume",
+				in - 7, out + 1);
+			err = snd_create_std_mono_ctl(mixer, id, control,
+							cmask, val_type, name,
+							&snd_usb_mixer_vol_tlv);
 			if (err < 0)
 				return err;
 		}
 	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/* This control needs a volume quirk, see mixer.c */
+static int snd_ftu_create_effect_volume_ctl(struct usb_mixer_interface *mixer)
+{
+	static const char name[] = "Effect Volume";
+	const unsigned int id = 6;
+	const int val_type = USB_MIXER_U8;
+	const unsigned int control = 2;
+	const unsigned int cmask = 0;
+
+	return snd_create_std_mono_ctl(mixer, id, control, cmask, val_type,
+					name, snd_usb_mixer_vol_tlv);
+}
+
+/* This control needs a volume quirk, see mixer.c */
+static int snd_ftu_create_effect_duration_ctl(struct usb_mixer_interface *mixer)
+{
+	static const char name[] = "Effect Duration";
+	const unsigned int id = 6;
+	const int val_type = USB_MIXER_S16;
+	const unsigned int control = 3;
+	const unsigned int cmask = 0;
+
+	return snd_create_std_mono_ctl(mixer, id, control, cmask, val_type,
+					name, snd_usb_mixer_vol_tlv);
+}
+
+/* This control needs a volume quirk, see mixer.c */
+static int snd_ftu_create_effect_feedback_ctl(struct usb_mixer_interface *mixer)
+{
+	static const char name[] = "Effect Feedback Volume";
+	const unsigned int id = 6;
+	const int val_type = USB_MIXER_U8;
+	const unsigned int control = 4;
+	const unsigned int cmask = 0;
+
+	return snd_create_std_mono_ctl(mixer, id, control, cmask, val_type,
+					name, NULL);
+}
+
+static int snd_ftu_create_effect_return_ctls(struct usb_mixer_interface *mixer)
+{
+	unsigned int cmask;
+	int err, ch;
+	char name[48];
+
+	const unsigned int id = 7;
+	const int val_type = USB_MIXER_S16;
+	const unsigned int control = 7;
+
+	for (ch = 0; ch < 4; ++ch) {
+		cmask = 1 << ch;
+		snprintf(name, sizeof(name),
+			"Effect Return %d Volume", ch + 1);
+		err = snd_create_std_mono_ctl(mixer, id, control,
+						cmask, val_type, name,
+						snd_usb_mixer_vol_tlv);
+		if (err < 0)
+			return err;
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int snd_ftu_create_effect_send_ctls(struct usb_mixer_interface *mixer)
+{
+	unsigned int  cmask;
+	int err, ch;
+	char name[48];
+
+	const unsigned int id = 5;
+	const int val_type = USB_MIXER_S16;
+	const unsigned int control = 9;
+
+	for (ch = 0; ch < 8; ++ch) {
+		cmask = 1 << ch;
+		snprintf(name, sizeof(name),
+			"Effect Send AIn%d Volume", ch + 1);
+		err = snd_create_std_mono_ctl(mixer, id, control, cmask,
+						val_type, name,
+						snd_usb_mixer_vol_tlv);
+		if (err < 0)
+			return err;
+	}
+	for (ch = 8; ch < 16; ++ch) {
+		cmask = 1 << ch;
+		snprintf(name, sizeof(name),
+			"Effect Send DIn%d Volume", ch - 7);
+		err = snd_create_std_mono_ctl(mixer, id, control, cmask,
+						val_type, name,
+						snd_usb_mixer_vol_tlv);
+		if (err < 0)
+			return err;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int snd_ftu_create_mixer(struct usb_mixer_interface *mixer)
+{
+	int err;
+
+	err = snd_ftu_create_volume_ctls(mixer);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
+
+	err = snd_ftu_create_effect_switch(mixer);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
+	err = snd_ftu_create_effect_volume_ctl(mixer);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
+
+	err = snd_ftu_create_effect_duration_ctl(mixer);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
+
+	err = snd_ftu_create_effect_feedback_ctl(mixer);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
+
+	err = snd_ftu_create_effect_return_ctls(mixer);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
+
+	err = snd_ftu_create_effect_send_ctls(mixer);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * Create mixer for Electrix Ebox-44
+ *
+ * The mixer units from this device are corrupt, and even where they
+ * are valid they presents mono controls as L and R channels of
+ * stereo. So we create a good mixer in code.
+ */
+
+static int snd_ebox44_create_mixer(struct usb_mixer_interface *mixer)
+{
+	int err;
+
+	err = snd_create_std_mono_ctl(mixer, 4, 1, 0x0, USB_MIXER_INV_BOOLEAN,
+				"Headphone Playback Switch", NULL);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
+	err = snd_create_std_mono_ctl(mixer, 4, 2, 0x1, USB_MIXER_S16,
+				"Headphone A Mix Playback Volume", NULL);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
+	err = snd_create_std_mono_ctl(mixer, 4, 2, 0x2, USB_MIXER_S16,
+				"Headphone B Mix Playback Volume", NULL);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
+
+	err = snd_create_std_mono_ctl(mixer, 7, 1, 0x0, USB_MIXER_INV_BOOLEAN,
+				"Output Playback Switch", NULL);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
+	err = snd_create_std_mono_ctl(mixer, 7, 2, 0x1, USB_MIXER_S16,
+				"Output A Playback Volume", NULL);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
+	err = snd_create_std_mono_ctl(mixer, 7, 2, 0x2, USB_MIXER_S16,
+				"Output B Playback Volume", NULL);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
+
+	err = snd_create_std_mono_ctl(mixer, 10, 1, 0x0, USB_MIXER_INV_BOOLEAN,
+				"Input Capture Switch", NULL);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
+	err = snd_create_std_mono_ctl(mixer, 10, 2, 0x1, USB_MIXER_S16,
+				"Input A Capture Volume", NULL);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
+	err = snd_create_std_mono_ctl(mixer, 10, 2, 0x2, USB_MIXER_S16,
+				"Input B Capture Volume", NULL);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
 
 	return 0;
 }
···
 
 	case USB_ID(0x0763, 0x2080): /* M-Audio Fast Track Ultra */
 	case USB_ID(0x0763, 0x2081): /* M-Audio Fast Track Ultra 8R */
-		err = snd_maudio_ftu_create_mixer(mixer);
+		err = snd_ftu_create_mixer(mixer);
 		break;
 
 	case USB_ID(0x0b05, 0x1739):
···
 		err = snd_nativeinstruments_create_mixer(mixer,
 				snd_nativeinstruments_ta10_mixers,
 				ARRAY_SIZE(snd_nativeinstruments_ta10_mixers));
+		break;
+
+	case USB_ID(0x200c, 0x1018): /* Electrix Ebox-44 */
+		err = snd_ebox44_create_mixer(mixer);
 		break;
 	}
 

sound/usb/pcm.c

···
 
 #include <linux/init.h>
 #include <linux/slab.h>
+#include <linux/ratelimit.h>
 #include <linux/usb.h>
 #include <linux/usb/audio.h>
 #include <linux/usb/audio-v2.h>
···
 #include "pcm.h"
 #include "clock.h"
 #include "power.h"
+
+#define SUBSTREAM_FLAG_DATA_EP_STARTED	0
+#define SUBSTREAM_FLAG_SYNC_EP_STARTED	1
 
 /* return the estimated delay based on USB frame counters */
 snd_pcm_uframes_t snd_usb_pcm_delay(struct snd_usb_substream *subs,
···
 	}
 }
 
+static int start_endpoints(struct snd_usb_substream *subs)
+{
+	int err;
+
+	if (!subs->data_endpoint)
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	if (!test_and_set_bit(SUBSTREAM_FLAG_DATA_EP_STARTED, &subs->flags)) {
+		struct snd_usb_endpoint *ep = subs->data_endpoint;
+
+		snd_printdd(KERN_DEBUG "Starting data EP @%p\n", ep);
+
+		ep->data_subs = subs;
+		err = snd_usb_endpoint_start(ep);
+		if (err < 0) {
+			clear_bit(SUBSTREAM_FLAG_DATA_EP_STARTED, &subs->flags);
+			return err;
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (subs->sync_endpoint &&
+	    !test_and_set_bit(SUBSTREAM_FLAG_SYNC_EP_STARTED, &subs->flags)) {
+		struct snd_usb_endpoint *ep = subs->sync_endpoint;
+
+		snd_printdd(KERN_DEBUG "Starting sync EP @%p\n", ep);
+
+		ep->sync_slave = subs->data_endpoint;
+		err = snd_usb_endpoint_start(ep);
+		if (err < 0) {
+			clear_bit(SUBSTREAM_FLAG_SYNC_EP_STARTED, &subs->flags);
+			return err;
+		}
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void stop_endpoints(struct snd_usb_substream *subs,
+			   int force, int can_sleep, int wait)
+{
+	if (test_and_clear_bit(SUBSTREAM_FLAG_SYNC_EP_STARTED, &subs->flags))
+		snd_usb_endpoint_stop(subs->sync_endpoint,
+				      force, can_sleep, wait);
+
+	if (test_and_clear_bit(SUBSTREAM_FLAG_DATA_EP_STARTED, &subs->flags))
+		snd_usb_endpoint_stop(subs->data_endpoint,
+				      force, can_sleep, wait);
+}
+
+static int activate_endpoints(struct snd_usb_substream *subs)
+{
+	if (subs->sync_endpoint) {
+		int ret;
+
+		ret = snd_usb_endpoint_activate(subs->sync_endpoint);
+		if (ret < 0)
+			return ret;
+	}
+
+	return snd_usb_endpoint_activate(subs->data_endpoint);
+}
+
+static int deactivate_endpoints(struct snd_usb_substream *subs)
+{
+	int reta, retb;
+
+	reta = snd_usb_endpoint_deactivate(subs->sync_endpoint);
+	retb = snd_usb_endpoint_deactivate(subs->data_endpoint);
+
+	if (reta < 0)
+		return reta;
+
+	if (retb < 0)
+		return retb;
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
 /*
  * find a matching format and set up the interface
  */
···
 	struct usb_interface *iface;
 	unsigned int ep, attr;
 	int is_playback = subs->direction == SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_PLAYBACK;
-	int err;
+	int err, implicit_fb = 0;
 
 	iface = usb_ifnum_to_if(dev, fmt->iface);
 	if (WARN_ON(!iface))
···
 	if (fmt == subs->cur_audiofmt)
 		return 0;
 
-	/* close the old interface */
-	if (subs->interface >= 0 && subs->interface != fmt->iface) {
-		if (usb_set_interface(subs->dev, subs->interface, 0) < 0) {
-			snd_printk(KERN_ERR "%d:%d:%d: return to setting 0 failed\n",
-				dev->devnum, fmt->iface, fmt->altsetting);
-			return -EIO;
-		}
-		subs->interface = -1;
-		subs->altset_idx = 0;
-	}
-
-	/* set interface */
-	if (subs->interface != fmt->iface || subs->altset_idx != fmt->altset_idx) {
-		if (usb_set_interface(dev, fmt->iface, fmt->altsetting) < 0) {
-			snd_printk(KERN_ERR "%d:%d:%d: usb_set_interface failed\n",
-				   dev->devnum, fmt->iface, fmt->altsetting);
-			return -EIO;
-		}
-		snd_printdd(KERN_INFO "setting usb interface %d:%d\n", fmt->iface, fmt->altsetting);
-		subs->interface = fmt->iface;
-		subs->altset_idx = fmt->altset_idx;
-	}
-
-	/* create a data pipe */
-	ep = fmt->endpoint & USB_ENDPOINT_NUMBER_MASK;
-	if (is_playback)
-		subs->datapipe = usb_sndisocpipe(dev, ep);
-	else
-		subs->datapipe = usb_rcvisocpipe(dev, ep);
-	subs->datainterval = fmt->datainterval;
-	subs->syncpipe = subs->syncinterval = 0;
-	subs->maxpacksize = fmt->maxpacksize;
-	subs->syncmaxsize = 0;
-	subs->fill_max = 0;
+	subs->data_endpoint = snd_usb_add_endpoint(subs->stream->chip,
+						   alts, fmt->endpoint, subs->direction,
+						   SND_USB_ENDPOINT_TYPE_DATA);
+	if (!subs->data_endpoint)
+		return -EINVAL;
 
 	/* we need a sync pipe in async OUT or adaptive IN mode */
 	/* check the number of EP, since some devices have broken
···
 	 * assume it as adaptive-out or sync-in.
 	 */
 	attr = fmt->ep_attr & USB_ENDPOINT_SYNCTYPE;
+
+	switch (subs->stream->chip->usb_id) {
+	case USB_ID(0x0763, 0x2080): /* M-Audio FastTrack Ultra */
+	case USB_ID(0x0763, 0x2081):
+		if (is_playback) {
+			implicit_fb = 1;
+			ep = 0x81;
+			iface = usb_ifnum_to_if(dev, 2);
+
+			if (!iface || iface->num_altsetting == 0)
+				return -EINVAL;
+
+			alts = &iface->altsetting[1];
+			goto add_sync_ep;
+		}
+	}
+
 	if (((is_playback && attr == USB_ENDPOINT_SYNC_ASYNC) ||
-	     (! is_playback && attr == USB_ENDPOINT_SYNC_ADAPTIVE)) &&
+	     (!is_playback && attr == USB_ENDPOINT_SYNC_ADAPTIVE)) &&
 	    altsd->bNumEndpoints >= 2) {
 		/* check sync-pipe endpoint */
 		/* ... and check descriptor size before accessing bSynchAddress
···
 		   the audio fields in the endpoint descriptors */
 		if ((get_endpoint(alts, 1)->bmAttributes & USB_ENDPOINT_XFERTYPE_MASK) != 0x01 ||
 		    (get_endpoint(alts, 1)->bLength >= USB_DT_ENDPOINT_AUDIO_SIZE &&
-		     get_endpoint(alts, 1)->bSynchAddress != 0)) {
+		     get_endpoint(alts, 1)->bSynchAddress != 0 &&
+		     !implicit_fb)) {
 			snd_printk(KERN_ERR "%d:%d:%d : invalid synch pipe\n",
 				   dev->devnum, fmt->iface, fmt->altsetting);
 			return -EINVAL;
···
 		ep = get_endpoint(alts, 1)->bEndpointAddress;
 		if (get_endpoint(alts, 0)->bLength >= USB_DT_ENDPOINT_AUDIO_SIZE &&
 		    (( is_playback && ep != (unsigned int)(get_endpoint(alts, 0)->bSynchAddress | USB_DIR_IN)) ||
-		     (!is_playback && ep != (unsigned int)(get_endpoint(alts, 0)->bSynchAddress & ~USB_DIR_IN)))) {
+		     (!is_playback && ep != (unsigned int)(get_endpoint(alts, 0)->bSynchAddress & ~USB_DIR_IN)) ||
+		     ( is_playback && !implicit_fb))) {
 			snd_printk(KERN_ERR "%d:%d:%d : invalid synch pipe\n",
 				   dev->devnum, fmt->iface, fmt->altsetting);
 			return -EINVAL;
 		}
-		ep &= USB_ENDPOINT_NUMBER_MASK;
-		if (is_playback)
-			subs->syncpipe = usb_rcvisocpipe(dev, ep);
-		else
-			subs->syncpipe = usb_sndisocpipe(dev, ep);
-		if (get_endpoint(alts, 1)->bLength >= USB_DT_ENDPOINT_AUDIO_SIZE &&
-		    get_endpoint(alts, 1)->bRefresh >= 1 &&
-		    get_endpoint(alts, 1)->bRefresh <= 9)
-			subs->syncinterval = get_endpoint(alts, 1)->bRefresh;
-		else if (snd_usb_get_speed(subs->dev) == USB_SPEED_FULL)
-			subs->syncinterval = 1;
-		else if (get_endpoint(alts, 1)->bInterval >= 1 &&
-			 get_endpoint(alts, 1)->bInterval <= 16)
-			subs->syncinterval = get_endpoint(alts, 1)->bInterval - 1;
-		else
-			subs->syncinterval = 3;
-		subs->syncmaxsize = le16_to_cpu(get_endpoint(alts, 1)->wMaxPacketSize);
-	}
 
-	/* always fill max packet size */
-	if (fmt->attributes & UAC_EP_CS_ATTR_FILL_MAX)
-		subs->fill_max = 1;
+		implicit_fb = (get_endpoint(alts, 1)->bmAttributes & USB_ENDPOINT_USAGE_MASK)
+				== USB_ENDPOINT_USAGE_IMPLICIT_FB;
+
+add_sync_ep:
+		subs->sync_endpoint = snd_usb_add_endpoint(subs->stream->chip,
+							   alts, ep, !subs->direction,
+							   implicit_fb ?
+								SND_USB_ENDPOINT_TYPE_DATA :
+								SND_USB_ENDPOINT_TYPE_SYNC);
+		if (!subs->sync_endpoint)
+			return -EINVAL;
+
+		subs->data_endpoint->sync_master = subs->sync_endpoint;
+	}
 
 	if ((err = snd_usb_init_pitch(subs->stream->chip, subs->interface, alts, fmt)) < 0)
 		return err;
···
 	if (changed) {
 		mutex_lock(&subs->stream->chip->shutdown_mutex);
 		/* format changed */
-		snd_usb_release_substream_urbs(subs, 0);
-		/* influenced: period_bytes, channels, rate, format, */
-		ret = snd_usb_init_substream_urbs(subs, params_period_bytes(hw_params),
-						  params_rate(hw_params),
-						  snd_pcm_format_physical_width(params_format(hw_params)) *
-							params_channels(hw_params));
+		stop_endpoints(subs, 0, 0, 0);
+		deactivate_endpoints(subs);
+
+		ret = activate_endpoints(subs);
+		if (ret < 0)
+			goto unlock;
+
+		ret = snd_usb_endpoint_set_params(subs->data_endpoint, hw_params, fmt,
+						  subs->sync_endpoint);
+		if (ret < 0)
+			goto unlock;
+
+		if (subs->sync_endpoint)
+			ret = snd_usb_endpoint_set_params(subs->sync_endpoint,
+							  hw_params, fmt, NULL);
+unlock:
 		mutex_unlock(&subs->stream->chip->shutdown_mutex);
+	}
+
+	if (ret == 0) {
+		subs->interface = fmt->iface;
+		subs->altset_idx = fmt->altset_idx;
 	}
 
 	return ret;
···
 	subs->cur_rate = 0;
 	subs->period_bytes = 0;
 	mutex_lock(&subs->stream->chip->shutdown_mutex);
-	snd_usb_release_substream_urbs(subs, 0);
+	stop_endpoints(subs, 0, 1, 1);
 	mutex_unlock(&subs->stream->chip->shutdown_mutex);
 	return snd_pcm_lib_free_vmalloc_buffer(substream);
 }
···
 		return -ENXIO;
 	}
 
+	if (snd_BUG_ON(!subs->data_endpoint))
+		return -EIO;
+
 	/* some unit conversions in runtime */
-	subs->maxframesize = bytes_to_frames(runtime, subs->maxpacksize);
-	subs->curframesize = bytes_to_frames(runtime, subs->curpacksize);
+	subs->data_endpoint->maxframesize =
+		bytes_to_frames(runtime, subs->data_endpoint->maxpacksize);
+	subs->data_endpoint->curframesize =
+		bytes_to_frames(runtime, subs->data_endpoint->curpacksize);
 
 	/* reset the pointer */
 	subs->hwptr_done = 0;
 	subs->transfer_done = 0;
-	subs->phase = 0;
 	subs->last_delay = 0;
 	subs->last_frame_number = 0;
 	runtime->delay = 0;
 
-	return snd_usb_substream_prepare(subs, runtime);
+	/* for playback, submit the URBs now; otherwise, the first hwptr_done
+	 * updates for all URBs would happen at the same time when starting */
+	if (subs->direction == SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_PLAYBACK)
+		return start_endpoints(subs);
+
+	return 0;
 }
 
 static struct snd_pcm_hardware snd_usb_hardware =
···
 
 static int snd_usb_pcm_close(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream, int direction)
 {
+	int ret;
 	struct snd_usb_stream *as = snd_pcm_substream_chip(substream);
 	struct snd_usb_substream *subs = &as->substream[direction];
 
-	if (!as->chip->shutdown && subs->interface >= 0) {
-		usb_set_interface(subs->dev, subs->interface, 0);
-		subs->interface = -1;
-	}
+	stop_endpoints(subs, 0, 0, 0);
+	ret = deactivate_endpoints(subs);
 	subs->pcm_substream = NULL;
 	snd_usb_autosuspend(subs->stream->chip);
-	return 0;
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
+/* Since a URB can handle only a single linear buffer, we must use double
+ * buffering when the data to be transferred overflows the buffer boundary.
+ * To avoid inconsistencies when updating hwptr_done, we use double buffering
+ * for all URBs.
+ */
+static void retire_capture_urb(struct snd_usb_substream *subs,
+			       struct urb *urb)
+{
+	struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime = subs->pcm_substream->runtime;
+	unsigned int stride, frames, bytes, oldptr;
+	int i, period_elapsed = 0;
+	unsigned long flags;
+	unsigned char *cp;
+
+	stride = runtime->frame_bits >> 3;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < urb->number_of_packets; i++) {
+		cp = (unsigned char *)urb->transfer_buffer + urb->iso_frame_desc[i].offset;
+		if (urb->iso_frame_desc[i].status && printk_ratelimit()) {
+			snd_printdd(KERN_ERR "frame %d active: %d\n", i, urb->iso_frame_desc[i].status);
+			// continue;
+		}
+		bytes = urb->iso_frame_desc[i].actual_length;
+		frames = bytes / stride;
+		if (!subs->txfr_quirk)
+			bytes = frames * stride;
+		if (bytes % (runtime->sample_bits >> 3) != 0) {
+#ifdef CONFIG_SND_DEBUG_VERBOSE
+			int oldbytes = bytes;
+#endif
+			bytes = frames * stride;
+			snd_printdd(KERN_ERR "Corrected urb data len. %d->%d\n",
+							oldbytes, bytes);
+		}
+		/* update the current pointer */
+		spin_lock_irqsave(&subs->lock, flags);
+		oldptr = subs->hwptr_done;
+		subs->hwptr_done += bytes;
+		if (subs->hwptr_done >= runtime->buffer_size * stride)
+			subs->hwptr_done -= runtime->buffer_size * stride;
+		frames = (bytes + (oldptr % stride)) / stride;
+		subs->transfer_done += frames;
+		if (subs->transfer_done >= runtime->period_size) {
+			subs->transfer_done -= runtime->period_size;
+			period_elapsed = 1;
+		}
+		spin_unlock_irqrestore(&subs->lock, flags);
+		/* copy a data chunk */
+		if (oldptr + bytes > runtime->buffer_size * stride) {
+			unsigned int bytes1 =
+					runtime->buffer_size * stride - oldptr;
+			memcpy(runtime->dma_area + oldptr, cp, bytes1);
+			memcpy(runtime->dma_area, cp + bytes1, bytes - bytes1);
+		} else {
+			memcpy(runtime->dma_area + oldptr, cp, bytes);
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (period_elapsed)
+		snd_pcm_period_elapsed(subs->pcm_substream);
+}
+
+static void prepare_playback_urb(struct snd_usb_substream *subs,
+				 struct urb *urb)
+{
+	struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime = subs->pcm_substream->runtime;
+	struct snd_urb_ctx *ctx = urb->context;
+	unsigned int counts, frames, bytes;
+	int i, stride, period_elapsed = 0;
+	unsigned long flags;
+
+	stride = runtime->frame_bits >> 3;
+
+	frames = 0;
+	urb->number_of_packets = 0;
+	spin_lock_irqsave(&subs->lock, flags);
+	for (i = 0; i < ctx->packets; i++) {
+		counts = ctx->packet_size[i];
+		/* set up descriptor */
+		urb->iso_frame_desc[i].offset = frames * stride;
+		urb->iso_frame_desc[i].length = counts * stride;
+		frames += counts;
+		urb->number_of_packets++;
+		subs->transfer_done += counts;
+		if (subs->transfer_done >= runtime->period_size) {
+			subs->transfer_done -= runtime->period_size;
+			period_elapsed = 1;
+			if (subs->fmt_type == UAC_FORMAT_TYPE_II) {
+				if (subs->transfer_done > 0) {
+					/* FIXME: fill-max mode is not
+					 * supported yet */
+					frames -= subs->transfer_done;
+					counts -= subs->transfer_done;
+					urb->iso_frame_desc[i].length =
+						counts * stride;
+					subs->transfer_done = 0;
+				}
+				i++;
+				if (i < ctx->packets) {
+					/* add a transfer delimiter */
+					urb->iso_frame_desc[i].offset =
+						frames * stride;
+					urb->iso_frame_desc[i].length = 0;
+					urb->number_of_packets++;
+				}
+				break;
+			}
+		}
+		if (period_elapsed &&
+		    !snd_usb_endpoint_implict_feedback_sink(subs->data_endpoint)) /* finish at the period boundary */
+			break;
+	}
+	bytes = frames * stride;
+	if (subs->hwptr_done + bytes > runtime->buffer_size * stride) {
+		/* err, the transferred area goes over buffer boundary. */
+		unsigned int bytes1 =
+			runtime->buffer_size * stride - subs->hwptr_done;
+		memcpy(urb->transfer_buffer,
+		       runtime->dma_area + subs->hwptr_done, bytes1);
+		memcpy(urb->transfer_buffer + bytes1,
+		       runtime->dma_area, bytes - bytes1);
+	} else {
+		memcpy(urb->transfer_buffer,
+		       runtime->dma_area + subs->hwptr_done, bytes);
+	}
+	subs->hwptr_done += bytes;
+	if (subs->hwptr_done >= runtime->buffer_size * stride)
+		subs->hwptr_done -= runtime->buffer_size * stride;
+	runtime->delay += frames;
+	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&subs->lock, flags);
+	urb->transfer_buffer_length = bytes;
+	if (period_elapsed)
+		snd_pcm_period_elapsed(subs->pcm_substream);
+}
+
+/*
+ * process after playback data complete
+ * - decrease the delay count again
+ */
+static void retire_playback_urb(struct snd_usb_substream *subs,
+			       struct urb *urb)
+{
+	unsigned long flags;
+	struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime = subs->pcm_substream->runtime;
+	int stride = runtime->frame_bits >> 3;
+	int processed = urb->transfer_buffer_length / stride;
+
+	spin_lock_irqsave(&subs->lock, flags);
+	if (processed > runtime->delay)
+		runtime->delay = 0;
+	else
+		runtime->delay -= processed;
+	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&subs->lock, flags);
 }
 
 static int snd_usb_playback_open(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
···
 static int snd_usb_capture_close(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
 {
 	return snd_usb_pcm_close(substream, SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_CAPTURE);
+}
+
+static int snd_usb_substream_playback_trigger(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream,
+					      int cmd)
+{
+	struct snd_usb_substream *subs = substream->runtime->private_data;
+
+	switch (cmd) {
+	case SNDRV_PCM_TRIGGER_START:
+	case SNDRV_PCM_TRIGGER_PAUSE_RELEASE:
+		subs->data_endpoint->prepare_data_urb = prepare_playback_urb;
+		subs->data_endpoint->retire_data_urb = retire_playback_urb;
+		subs->running = 1;
+		return 0;
+	case SNDRV_PCM_TRIGGER_STOP:
+		stop_endpoints(subs, 0, 0, 0);
+		subs->running = 0;
+		return 0;
+	case SNDRV_PCM_TRIGGER_PAUSE_PUSH:
+		subs->data_endpoint->prepare_data_urb = NULL;
+		subs->data_endpoint->retire_data_urb = NULL;
+		subs->running = 0;
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	return -EINVAL;
+}
+
+int snd_usb_substream_capture_trigger(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream, int cmd)
+{
+	int err;
+	struct snd_usb_substream *subs = substream->runtime->private_data;
+
+	switch (cmd) {
+	case SNDRV_PCM_TRIGGER_START:
+		err = start_endpoints(subs);
+		if (err < 0)
+			return err;
+
+		subs->data_endpoint->retire_data_urb = retire_capture_urb;
+		subs->running = 1;
+		return 0;
+	case SNDRV_PCM_TRIGGER_STOP:
+		stop_endpoints(subs, 0, 0, 0);
+		subs->running = 0;
+		return 0;
+	case SNDRV_PCM_TRIGGER_PAUSE_PUSH:
+		subs->data_endpoint->retire_data_urb = NULL;
+		subs->running = 0;
+		return 0;
+	case SNDRV_PCM_TRIGGER_PAUSE_RELEASE:
+		subs->data_endpoint->retire_data_urb = retire_capture_urb;
+		subs->running = 1;
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	return -EINVAL;
 }
 
 static struct snd_pcm_ops snd_usb_playback_ops = {

sound/usb/proc.c

···
 #include "usbaudio.h"
 #include "helper.h"
 #include "card.h"
+#include "endpoint.h"
 #include "proc.h"
 
 /* convert our full speed USB rate into sampling rate in Hz */
···
 	}
 }
 
+static void proc_dump_ep_status(struct snd_usb_substream *subs,
+				struct snd_usb_endpoint *ep,
+				struct snd_info_buffer *buffer)
+{
+	if (!ep)
+		return;
+	snd_iprintf(buffer, "    Packet Size = %d\n", ep->curpacksize);
+	snd_iprintf(buffer, "    Momentary freq = %u Hz (%#x.%04x)\n",
+		    snd_usb_get_speed(subs->dev) == USB_SPEED_FULL
+		    ? get_full_speed_hz(ep->freqm)
+		    : get_high_speed_hz(ep->freqm),
+		    ep->freqm >> 16, ep->freqm & 0xffff);
+	if (ep->freqshift != INT_MIN) {
+		int res = 16 - ep->freqshift;
+		snd_iprintf(buffer, "    Feedback Format = %d.%d\n",
+			    (ep->syncmaxsize > 3 ? 32 : 24) - res, res);
+	}
+}
+
 static void proc_dump_substream_status(struct snd_usb_substream *subs, struct snd_info_buffer *buffer)
 {
 	if (subs->running) {
-		unsigned int i;
 		snd_iprintf(buffer, "  Status: Running\n");
 		snd_iprintf(buffer, "    Interface = %d\n", subs->interface);
 		snd_iprintf(buffer, "    Altset = %d\n", subs->altset_idx);
-		snd_iprintf(buffer, "    URBs = %d [ ", subs->nurbs);
-		for (i = 0; i < subs->nurbs; i++)
-			snd_iprintf(buffer, "%d ", subs->dataurb[i].packets);
-		snd_iprintf(buffer, "]\n");
-		snd_iprintf(buffer, "    Packet Size = %d\n", subs->curpacksize);
-		snd_iprintf(buffer, "    Momentary freq = %u Hz (%#x.%04x)\n",
-			    snd_usb_get_speed(subs->dev) == USB_SPEED_FULL
-			    ? get_full_speed_hz(subs->freqm)
-			    : get_high_speed_hz(subs->freqm),
-			    subs->freqm >> 16, subs->freqm & 0xffff);
-		if (subs->freqshift != INT_MIN)
-			snd_iprintf(buffer, "    Feedback Format = %d.%d\n",
-				    (subs->syncmaxsize > 3 ? 32 : 24)
-						- (16 - subs->freqshift),
-				    16 - subs->freqshift);
+		proc_dump_ep_status(subs, subs->data_endpoint, buffer);
+		proc_dump_ep_status(subs, subs->sync_endpoint, buffer);
 	} else {
 		snd_iprintf(buffer, "  Status: Stop\n");
 	}

sound/usb/stream.c

···
 	}
 }
 
+/*
+ * initialize the substream instance.
+ */
+
+static void snd_usb_init_substream(struct snd_usb_stream *as,
+				   int stream,
+				   struct audioformat *fp)
+{
+	struct snd_usb_substream *subs = &as->substream[stream];
+
+	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&subs->fmt_list);
+	spin_lock_init(&subs->lock);
+
+	subs->stream = as;
+	subs->direction = stream;
+	subs->dev = as->chip->dev;
+	subs->txfr_quirk = as->chip->txfr_quirk;
+
+	snd_usb_set_pcm_ops(as->pcm, stream);
+
+	list_add_tail(&fp->list, &subs->fmt_list);
+	subs->formats |= fp->formats;
+	subs->num_formats++;
+	subs->fmt_type = fp->fmt_type;
+}
 
 /*
  * add this endpoint to the chip instance.
···
 		if (as->fmt_type != fp->fmt_type)
 			continue;
 		subs = &as->substream[stream];
-		if (!subs->endpoint)
+		if (!subs->data_endpoint)
 			continue;
-		if (subs->endpoint == fp->endpoint) {
+		if (subs->data_endpoint->ep_num == fp->endpoint) {
 			list_add_tail(&fp->list, &subs->fmt_list);
 			subs->num_formats++;
 			subs->formats |= fp->formats;
···
 		if (as->fmt_type != fp->fmt_type)
 			continue;
 		subs = &as->substream[stream];
-		if (subs->endpoint)
+		if (subs->data_endpoint)
 			continue;
 		err = snd_pcm_new_stream(as->pcm, stream, 1);
 		if (err < 0)

sound/usb/usbaudio.h

···
 	struct snd_card *card;
 	struct usb_interface *pm_intf;
 	u32 usb_id;
+	struct mutex mutex;
 	struct mutex shutdown_mutex;
 	unsigned int shutdown:1;
 	unsigned int probing:1;
···
 	int num_suspended_intf;
 
 	struct list_head pcm_list;	/* list of pcm streams */
+	struct list_head ep_list;	/* list of audio-related endpoints */
 	int pcm_devs;
 
 	struct list_head midi_list;	/* list of midi interfaces */