Linux kernel mirror (for testing) git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git
kernel os linux

README: Remove sporadic tabs

Indentation was already done mainly with spaces, so this commit
removes the tabs and makes some of the whitespace more consistent.

Signed-off-by: Michael Witten <mfwitten@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@xenotime.net>
Signed-off-by: Jiri Kosina <jkosina@suse.cz>

authored by

Michael Witten and committed by
Jiri Kosina
3773b454 7f65e924

+70 -70
+70 -70
README
··· 1 - Linux kernel release 3.x <http://kernel.org/> 1 + Linux kernel release 3.x <http://kernel.org/> 2 2 3 3 These are the release notes for Linux version 3. Read them carefully, 4 4 as they tell you what this is all about, explain how to install the ··· 62 62 directory where you have permissions (eg. your home directory) and 63 63 unpack it: 64 64 65 - gzip -cd linux-3.X.tar.gz | tar xvf - 65 + gzip -cd linux-3.X.tar.gz | tar xvf - 66 66 67 67 or 68 68 69 - bzip2 -dc linux-3.X.tar.bz2 | tar xvf - 69 + bzip2 -dc linux-3.X.tar.bz2 | tar xvf - 70 70 71 71 Replace "X" with the version number of the latest kernel. 72 72 ··· 80 80 install by patching, get all the newer patch files, enter the 81 81 top level directory of the kernel source (linux-3.X) and execute: 82 82 83 - gzip -cd ../patch-3.x.gz | patch -p1 83 + gzip -cd ../patch-3.x.gz | patch -p1 84 84 85 85 or 86 86 87 - bzip2 -dc ../patch-3.x.bz2 | patch -p1 87 + bzip2 -dc ../patch-3.x.bz2 | patch -p1 88 88 89 89 Replace "x" for all versions bigger than the version "X" of your current 90 90 source tree, _in_order_, and you should be ok. You may want to remove ··· 105 105 process. It determines the current kernel version and applies any 106 106 patches found. 107 107 108 - linux/scripts/patch-kernel linux 108 + linux/scripts/patch-kernel linux 109 109 110 110 The first argument in the command above is the location of the 111 111 kernel source. Patches are applied from the current directory, but ··· 113 113 114 114 - Make sure you have no stale .o files and dependencies lying around: 115 115 116 - cd linux 117 - make mrproper 116 + cd linux 117 + make mrproper 118 118 119 119 You should now have the sources correctly installed. 120 120 ··· 137 137 place for the output files (including .config). 138 138 Example: 139 139 140 - kernel source code: /usr/src/linux-3.X 141 - build directory: /home/name/build/kernel 140 + kernel source code: /usr/src/linux-3.X 141 + build directory: /home/name/build/kernel 142 142 143 143 To configure and build the kernel, use: 144 144 ··· 161 161 162 162 - Alternative configuration commands are: 163 163 164 - "make config" Plain text interface. 164 + "make config" Plain text interface. 165 165 166 - "make menuconfig" Text based color menus, radiolists & dialogs. 166 + "make menuconfig" Text based color menus, radiolists & dialogs. 167 167 168 - "make nconfig" Enhanced text based color menus. 168 + "make nconfig" Enhanced text based color menus. 169 169 170 - "make xconfig" X windows (Qt) based configuration tool. 170 + "make xconfig" X windows (Qt) based configuration tool. 171 171 172 - "make gconfig" X windows (Gtk) based configuration tool. 172 + "make gconfig" X windows (Gtk) based configuration tool. 173 173 174 - "make oldconfig" Default all questions based on the contents of 175 - your existing ./.config file and asking about 176 - new config symbols. 174 + "make oldconfig" Default all questions based on the contents of 175 + your existing ./.config file and asking about 176 + new config symbols. 177 177 178 - "make silentoldconfig" 179 - Like above, but avoids cluttering the screen 180 - with questions already answered. 181 - Additionally updates the dependencies. 178 + "make silentoldconfig" 179 + Like above, but avoids cluttering the screen 180 + with questions already answered. 181 + Additionally updates the dependencies. 182 182 183 - "make defconfig" Create a ./.config file by using the default 184 - symbol values from either arch/$ARCH/defconfig 185 - or arch/$ARCH/configs/${PLATFORM}_defconfig, 186 - depending on the architecture. 183 + "make defconfig" Create a ./.config file by using the default 184 + symbol values from either arch/$ARCH/defconfig 185 + or arch/$ARCH/configs/${PLATFORM}_defconfig, 186 + depending on the architecture. 187 187 188 - "make ${PLATFORM}_defconfig" 189 - Create a ./.config file by using the default 190 - symbol values from 191 - arch/$ARCH/configs/${PLATFORM}_defconfig. 192 - Use "make help" to get a list of all available 193 - platforms of your architecture. 188 + "make ${PLATFORM}_defconfig" 189 + Create a ./.config file by using the default 190 + symbol values from 191 + arch/$ARCH/configs/${PLATFORM}_defconfig. 192 + Use "make help" to get a list of all available 193 + platforms of your architecture. 194 194 195 - "make allyesconfig" 196 - Create a ./.config file by setting symbol 197 - values to 'y' as much as possible. 195 + "make allyesconfig" 196 + Create a ./.config file by setting symbol 197 + values to 'y' as much as possible. 198 198 199 - "make allmodconfig" 200 - Create a ./.config file by setting symbol 201 - values to 'm' as much as possible. 199 + "make allmodconfig" 200 + Create a ./.config file by setting symbol 201 + values to 'm' as much as possible. 202 202 203 - "make allnoconfig" Create a ./.config file by setting symbol 204 - values to 'n' as much as possible. 203 + "make allnoconfig" Create a ./.config file by setting symbol 204 + values to 'n' as much as possible. 205 205 206 - "make randconfig" Create a ./.config file by setting symbol 207 - values to random values. 206 + "make randconfig" Create a ./.config file by setting symbol 207 + values to random values. 208 208 209 209 You can find more information on using the Linux kernel config tools 210 210 in Documentation/kbuild/kconfig.txt. 211 211 212 - NOTES on "make config": 212 + - NOTES on "make config": 213 213 214 - - Having unnecessary drivers will make the kernel bigger, and can 215 - under some circumstances lead to problems: probing for a 216 - nonexistent controller card may confuse your other controllers 214 + - Having unnecessary drivers will make the kernel bigger, and can 215 + under some circumstances lead to problems: probing for a 216 + nonexistent controller card may confuse your other controllers 217 217 218 - - Compiling the kernel with "Processor type" set higher than 386 219 - will result in a kernel that does NOT work on a 386. The 220 - kernel will detect this on bootup, and give up. 218 + - Compiling the kernel with "Processor type" set higher than 386 219 + will result in a kernel that does NOT work on a 386. The 220 + kernel will detect this on bootup, and give up. 221 221 222 - - A kernel with math-emulation compiled in will still use the 223 - coprocessor if one is present: the math emulation will just 224 - never get used in that case. The kernel will be slightly larger, 225 - but will work on different machines regardless of whether they 226 - have a math coprocessor or not. 222 + - A kernel with math-emulation compiled in will still use the 223 + coprocessor if one is present: the math emulation will just 224 + never get used in that case. The kernel will be slightly larger, 225 + but will work on different machines regardless of whether they 226 + have a math coprocessor or not. 227 227 228 - - The "kernel hacking" configuration details usually result in a 229 - bigger or slower kernel (or both), and can even make the kernel 230 - less stable by configuring some routines to actively try to 231 - break bad code to find kernel problems (kmalloc()). Thus you 232 - should probably answer 'n' to the questions for 233 - "development", "experimental", or "debugging" features. 228 + - The "kernel hacking" configuration details usually result in a 229 + bigger or slower kernel (or both), and can even make the kernel 230 + less stable by configuring some routines to actively try to 231 + break bad code to find kernel problems (kmalloc()). Thus you 232 + should probably answer 'n' to the questions for "development", 233 + "experimental", or "debugging" features. 234 234 235 235 COMPILING the kernel: 236 236 ··· 257 257 For this, use "verbose" build mode. This is done by inserting 258 258 "V=1" in the "make" command. E.g.: 259 259 260 - make V=1 all 260 + make V=1 all 261 261 262 262 To have the build system also tell the reason for the rebuild of each 263 263 target, use "V=2". The default is "V=0". ··· 320 320 321 321 - If the bug results in a message like 322 322 323 - unable to handle kernel paging request at address C0000010 324 - Oops: 0002 325 - EIP: 0010:XXXXXXXX 326 - eax: xxxxxxxx ebx: xxxxxxxx ecx: xxxxxxxx edx: xxxxxxxx 327 - esi: xxxxxxxx edi: xxxxxxxx ebp: xxxxxxxx 328 - ds: xxxx es: xxxx fs: xxxx gs: xxxx 329 - Pid: xx, process nr: xx 330 - xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx 323 + unable to handle kernel paging request at address C0000010 324 + Oops: 0002 325 + EIP: 0010:XXXXXXXX 326 + eax: xxxxxxxx ebx: xxxxxxxx ecx: xxxxxxxx edx: xxxxxxxx 327 + esi: xxxxxxxx edi: xxxxxxxx ebp: xxxxxxxx 328 + ds: xxxx es: xxxx fs: xxxx gs: xxxx 329 + Pid: xx, process nr: xx 330 + xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx 331 331 332 332 or similar kernel debugging information on your screen or in your 333 333 system log, please duplicate it *exactly*. The dump may look ··· 356 356 the file 'linux/vmlinux'. To extract the namelist and match it against 357 357 the EIP from the kernel crash, do: 358 358 359 - nm vmlinux | sort | less 359 + nm vmlinux | sort | less 360 360 361 361 This will give you a list of kernel addresses sorted in ascending 362 362 order, from which it is simple to find the function that contains the