configfs: fix a deadlock in configfs_symlink()

Configfs abuses symlink(2). Unlike the normal filesystems, it
wants the target resolved at symlink(2) time, like link(2) would've
done. The problem is that ->symlink() is called with the parent
directory locked exclusive, so resolving the target inside the
->symlink() is easily deadlocked.

Short of really ugly games in sys_symlink() itself, all we can
do is to unlock the parent before resolving the target and
relock it after. However, that invalidates the checks done
by the caller of ->symlink(), so we have to
* check that dentry is still where it used to be
(it couldn't have been moved, but it could've been unhashed)
* recheck that it's still negative (somebody else
might've successfully created a symlink with the same name
while we were looking the target up)
* recheck the permissions on the parent directory.

Cc: [e-mail]
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <[e-mail]>
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <[e-mail]>

fs/configfs/symlink.c

···
 	    !type->ct_item_ops->allow_link)
 		goto out_put;
 
+	/*
+	 * This is really sick.  What they wanted was a hybrid of
+	 * link(2) and symlink(2) - they wanted the target resolved
+	 * at syscall time (as link(2) would've done), be a directory
+	 * (which link(2) would've refused to do) *AND* be a deep
+	 * fucking magic, making the target busy from rmdir POV.
+	 * symlink(2) is nothing of that sort, and the locking it
+	 * gets matches the normal symlink(2) semantics.  Without
+	 * attempts to resolve the target (which might very well
+	 * not even exist yet) done prior to locking the parent
+	 * directory.  This perversion, OTOH, needs to resolve
+	 * the target, which would lead to obvious deadlocks if
+	 * attempted with any directories locked.
+	 *
+	 * Unfortunately, that garbage is userland ABI and we should've
+	 * said "no" back in 2005.  Too late now, so we get to
+	 * play very ugly games with locking.
+	 *
+	 * Try *ANYTHING* of that sort in new code, and you will
+	 * really regret it.  Just ask yourself - what could a BOFH
+	 * do to me and do I want to find it out first-hand?
+	 *
+	 *  AV, a thoroughly annoyed bastard.
+	 */
+	inode_unlock(dir);
 	ret = get_target(symname, &path, &target_item, dentry->d_sb);
+	inode_lock(dir);
 	if (ret)
 		goto out_put;
 
-	ret = type->ct_item_ops->allow_link(parent_item, target_item);
+	if (dentry->d_inode || d_unhashed(dentry))
+		ret = -EEXIST;
+	else
+		ret = inode_permission(dir, MAY_WRITE | MAY_EXEC);
+	if (!ret)
+		ret = type->ct_item_ops->allow_link(parent_item, target_item);
 	if (!ret) {
 		mutex_lock(&configfs_symlink_mutex);
 		ret = create_link(parent_item, target_item, dentry);