[PATCH] SPI: add spi_butterfly driver

This adds a bitbanging parport based adaptor cable for AVR Butterfly, giving
SPI links to its DataFlash chip and (eventually) firmware running in the card.

Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <[e-mail]>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <[e-mail]>

Documentation/spi/butterfly

···
+spi_butterfly - parport-to-butterfly adapter driver
+===================================================
+
+This is a hardware and software project that includes building and using
+a parallel port adapter cable, together with an "AVR Butterfly" to run
+firmware for user interfacing and/or sensors.  A Butterfly is a $US20
+battery powered card with an AVR microcontroller and lots of goodies:
+sensors, LCD, flash, toggle stick, and more.  You can use AVR-GCC to
+develop firmware for this, and flash it using this adapter cable.
+
+You can make this adapter from an old printer cable and solder things
+directly to the Butterfly.  Or (if you have the parts and skills) you
+can come up with something fancier, providing ciruit protection to the
+Butterfly and the printer port, or with a better power supply than two
+signal pins from the printer port.
+
+
+The first cable connections will hook Linux up to one SPI bus, with the
+AVR and a DataFlash chip; and to the AVR reset line.  This is all you
+need to reflash the firmware, and the pins are the standard Atmel "ISP"
+connector pins (used also on non-Butterfly AVR boards).
+
+	Signal	  Butterfly	  Parport (DB-25)
+	------	  ---------	  ---------------
+	SCK	= J403.PB1/SCK	= pin 2/D0
+	RESET	= J403.nRST	= pin 3/D1
+	VCC	= J403.VCC_EXT	= pin 8/D6
+	MOSI	= J403.PB2/MOSI	= pin 9/D7
+	MISO	= J403.PB3/MISO	= pin 11/S7,nBUSY
+	GND	= J403.GND	= pin 23/GND
+
+Then to let Linux master that bus to talk to the DataFlash chip, you must
+(a) flash new firmware that disables SPI (set PRR.2, and disable pullups
+by clearing PORTB.[0-3]); (b) configure the mtd_dataflash driver; and
+(c) cable in the chipselect.
+
+	Signal	  Butterfly	  Parport (DB-25)
+	------	  ---------	  ---------------
+	VCC	= J400.VCC_EXT	= pin 7/D5
+	SELECT	= J400.PB0/nSS	= pin 17/C3,nSELECT
+	GND	= J400.GND	= pin 24/GND
+
+The "USI" controller, using J405, can be used for a second SPI bus.  That
+would let you talk to the AVR over SPI, running firmware that makes it act
+as an SPI slave, while letting either Linux or the AVR use the DataFlash.
+There are plenty of spare parport pins to wire this one up, such as:
+
+	Signal	  Butterfly	  Parport (DB-25)
+	------	  ---------	  ---------------
+	SCK	= J403.PE4/USCK	= pin 5/D3
+	MOSI	= J403.PE5/DI	= pin 6/D4
+	MISO	= J403.PE6/DO	= pin 12/S5,nPAPEROUT
+	GND	= J403.GND	= pin 22/GND
+
+	IRQ	= J402.PF4	= pin 10/S6,ACK
+	GND	= J402.GND(P2)	= pin 25/GND
+

drivers/spi/Kconfig

···
 	  inexpensive battery powered microcontroller evaluation board.
 	  This same cable can be used to flash new firmware.
 
+config SPI_BUTTERFLY
+	tristate "Parallel port adapter for AVR Butterfly (DEVELOPMENT)"
+	depends on SPI_MASTER && PARPORT && EXPERIMENTAL
+	select SPI_BITBANG
+	help
+	  This uses a custom parallel port cable to connect to an AVR
+	  Butterfly <http://www.atmel.com/products/avr/butterfly>, an
+	  inexpensive battery powered microcontroller evaluation board.
+	  This same cable can be used to flash new firmware.
+
 #
 # Add new SPI master controllers in alphabetical order above this line
 #

drivers/spi/spi_butterfly.c

···
+/*
+ * spi_butterfly.c - parport-to-butterfly adapter
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 2005 David Brownell
+ *
+ * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+ * Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
+ */
+#include <linux/config.h>
+#include <linux/kernel.h>
+#include <linux/init.h>
+#include <linux/delay.h>
+#include <linux/platform_device.h>
+#include <linux/parport.h>
+
+#include <linux/spi/spi.h>
+#include <linux/spi/spi_bitbang.h>
+#include <linux/spi/flash.h>
+
+#include <linux/mtd/partitions.h>
+
+
+/*
+ * This uses SPI to talk with an "AVR Butterfly", which is a $US20 card
+ * with a battery powered AVR microcontroller and lots of goodies.  You
+ * can use GCC to develop firmware for this.
+ *
+ * See Documentation/spi/butterfly for information about how to build
+ * and use this custom parallel port cable.
+ */
+
+#undef	HAVE_USI	/* nyet */
+
+
+/* DATA output bits (pins 2..9 == D0..D7) */
+#define	butterfly_nreset (1 << 1)		/* pin 3 */
+
+#define	spi_sck_bit	(1 << 0)		/* pin 2 */
+#define	spi_mosi_bit	(1 << 7)		/* pin 9 */
+
+#define	usi_sck_bit	(1 << 3)		/* pin 5 */
+#define	usi_mosi_bit	(1 << 4)		/* pin 6 */
+
+#define	vcc_bits	((1 << 6) | (1 << 5))	/* pins 7, 8 */
+
+/* STATUS input bits */
+#define	spi_miso_bit	PARPORT_STATUS_BUSY	/* pin 11 */
+
+#define	usi_miso_bit	PARPORT_STATUS_PAPEROUT	/* pin 12 */
+
+/* CONTROL output bits */
+#define	spi_cs_bit	PARPORT_CONTROL_SELECT	/* pin 17 */
+/* USI uses no chipselect */
+
+
+
+static inline struct butterfly *spidev_to_pp(struct spi_device *spi)
+{
+	return spi->controller_data;
+}
+
+static inline int is_usidev(struct spi_device *spi)
+{
+#ifdef	HAVE_USI
+	return spi->chip_select != 1;
+#else
+	return 0;
+#endif
+}
+
+
+struct butterfly {
+	/* REVISIT ... for now, this must be first */
+	struct spi_bitbang	bitbang;
+
+	struct parport		*port;
+	struct pardevice	*pd;
+
+	u8			lastbyte;
+
+	struct spi_device	*dataflash;
+	struct spi_device	*butterfly;
+	struct spi_board_info	info[2];
+
+};
+
+/*----------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+/*
+ * these routines may be slower than necessary because they're hiding
+ * the fact that there are two different SPI busses on this cable: one
+ * to the DataFlash chip (or AVR SPI controller), the other to the
+ * AVR USI controller.
+ */
+
+static inline void
+setsck(struct spi_device *spi, int is_on)
+{
+	struct butterfly	*pp = spidev_to_pp(spi);
+	u8			bit, byte = pp->lastbyte;
+
+	if (is_usidev(spi))
+		bit = usi_sck_bit;
+	else
+		bit = spi_sck_bit;
+
+	if (is_on)
+		byte |= bit;
+	else
+		byte &= ~bit;
+	parport_write_data(pp->port, byte);
+	pp->lastbyte = byte;
+}
+
+static inline void
+setmosi(struct spi_device *spi, int is_on)
+{
+	struct butterfly	*pp = spidev_to_pp(spi);
+	u8			bit, byte = pp->lastbyte;
+
+	if (is_usidev(spi))
+		bit = usi_mosi_bit;
+	else
+		bit = spi_mosi_bit;
+
+	if (is_on)
+		byte |= bit;
+	else
+		byte &= ~bit;
+	parport_write_data(pp->port, byte);
+	pp->lastbyte = byte;
+}
+
+static inline int getmiso(struct spi_device *spi)
+{
+	struct butterfly	*pp = spidev_to_pp(spi);
+	int			value;
+	u8			bit;
+
+	if (is_usidev(spi))
+		bit = usi_miso_bit;
+	else
+		bit = spi_miso_bit;
+
+	/* only STATUS_BUSY is NOT negated */
+	value = !(parport_read_status(pp->port) & bit);
+	return (bit == PARPORT_STATUS_BUSY) ? value : !value;
+}
+
+static void butterfly_chipselect(struct spi_device *spi, int value)
+{
+	struct butterfly	*pp = spidev_to_pp(spi);
+
+	/* set default clock polarity */
+	if (value)
+		setsck(spi, spi->mode & SPI_CPOL);
+
+	/* no chipselect on this USI link config */
+	if (is_usidev(spi))
+		return;
+
+	/* here, value == "activate or not" */
+
+	/* most PARPORT_CONTROL_* bits are negated */
+	if (spi_cs_bit == PARPORT_CONTROL_INIT)
+		value = !value;
+
+	/* here, value == "bit value to write in control register"  */
+
+	parport_frob_control(pp->port, spi_cs_bit, value ? spi_cs_bit : 0);
+}
+
+
+/* we only needed to implement one mode here, and choose SPI_MODE_0 */
+
+#define	spidelay(X)	do{}while(0)
+//#define	spidelay	ndelay
+
+#define	EXPAND_BITBANG_TXRX
+#include <linux/spi/spi_bitbang.h>
+
+static u32
+butterfly_txrx_word_mode0(struct spi_device *spi,
+		unsigned nsecs,
+		u32 word, u8 bits)
+{
+	return bitbang_txrx_be_cpha0(spi, nsecs, 0, word, bits);
+}
+
+/*----------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+/* override default partitioning with cmdlinepart */
+static struct mtd_partition partitions[] = { {
+	/* JFFS2 wants partitions of 4*N blocks for this device ... */
+
+	/* sector 0 = 8 pages * 264 bytes/page (1 block)
+	 * sector 1 = 248 pages * 264 bytes/page
+	 */
+	.name		= "bookkeeping",	// 66 KB
+	.offset		= 0,
+	.size		= (8 + 248) * 264,
+//	.mask_flags	= MTD_WRITEABLE,
+}, {
+	/* sector 2 = 256 pages * 264 bytes/page
+	 * sectors 3-5 = 512 pages * 264 bytes/page
+	 */
+	.name		= "filesystem",		// 462 KB
+	.offset		= MTDPART_OFS_APPEND,
+	.size		= MTDPART_SIZ_FULL,
+} };
+
+static struct flash_platform_data flash = {
+	.name		= "butterflash",
+	.parts		= partitions,
+	.nr_parts	= ARRAY_SIZE(partitions),
+};
+
+
+/* REVISIT remove this ugly global and its "only one" limitation */
+static struct butterfly *butterfly;
+
+static void butterfly_attach(struct parport *p)
+{
+	struct pardevice	*pd;
+	int			status;
+	struct butterfly	*pp;
+	struct spi_master	*master;
+	struct platform_device	*pdev;
+
+	if (butterfly)
+		return;
+
+	/* REVISIT:  this just _assumes_ a butterfly is there ... no probe,
+	 * and no way to be selective about what it binds to.
+	 */
+
+	/* FIXME where should master->cdev.dev come from?
+	 * e.g. /sys/bus/pnp0/00:0b, some PCI thing, etc
+	 * setting up a platform device like this is an ugly kluge...
+	 */
+	pdev = platform_device_register_simple("butterfly", -1, NULL, 0);
+
+	master = spi_alloc_master(&pdev->dev, sizeof *pp);
+	if (!master) {
+		status = -ENOMEM;
+		goto done;
+	}
+	pp = spi_master_get_devdata(master);
+
+	/*
+	 * SPI and bitbang hookup
+	 *
+	 * use default setup(), cleanup(), and transfer() methods; and
+	 * only bother implementing mode 0.  Start it later.
+	 */
+	master->bus_num = 42;
+	master->num_chipselect = 2;
+
+	pp->bitbang.master = spi_master_get(master);
+	pp->bitbang.chipselect = butterfly_chipselect;
+	pp->bitbang.txrx_word[SPI_MODE_0] = butterfly_txrx_word_mode0;
+
+	/*
+	 * parport hookup
+	 */
+	pp->port = p;
+	pd = parport_register_device(p, "spi_butterfly",
+			NULL, NULL, NULL,
+			0 /* FLAGS */, pp);
+	if (!pd) {
+		status = -ENOMEM;
+		goto clean0;
+	}
+	pp->pd = pd;
+
+	status = parport_claim(pd);
+	if (status < 0)
+		goto clean1;
+
+	/*
+	 * Butterfly reset, powerup, run firmware
+	 */
+	pr_debug("%s: powerup/reset Butterfly\n", p->name);
+
+	/* nCS for dataflash (this bit is inverted on output) */
+	parport_frob_control(pp->port, spi_cs_bit, 0);
+
+	/* stabilize power with chip in reset (nRESET), and
+	 * both spi_sck_bit and usi_sck_bit clear (CPOL=0)
+	 */
+	pp->lastbyte |= vcc_bits;
+	parport_write_data(pp->port, pp->lastbyte);
+	msleep(5);
+
+	/* take it out of reset; assume long reset delay */
+	pp->lastbyte |= butterfly_nreset;
+	parport_write_data(pp->port, pp->lastbyte);
+	msleep(100);
+
+
+	/*
+	 * Start SPI ... for now, hide that we're two physical busses.
+	 */
+	status = spi_bitbang_start(&pp->bitbang);
+	if (status < 0)
+		goto clean2;
+
+	/* Bus 1 lets us talk to at45db041b (firmware disables AVR)
+	 * or AVR (firmware resets at45, acts as spi slave)
+	 */
+	pp->info[0].max_speed_hz = 15 * 1000 * 1000;
+	strcpy(pp->info[0].modalias, "mtd_dataflash");
+	pp->info[0].platform_data = &flash;
+	pp->info[0].chip_select = 1;
+	pp->info[0].controller_data = pp;
+	pp->dataflash = spi_new_device(pp->bitbang.master, &pp->info[0]);
+	if (pp->dataflash)
+		pr_debug("%s: dataflash at %s\n", p->name,
+				pp->dataflash->dev.bus_id);
+
+#ifdef	HAVE_USI
+	/* even more custom AVR firmware */
+	pp->info[1].max_speed_hz = 10 /* ?? */ * 1000 * 1000;
+	strcpy(pp->info[1].modalias, "butterfly");
+	// pp->info[1].platform_data = ... TBD ... ;
+	pp->info[1].chip_select = 2,
+	pp->info[1].controller_data = pp;
+	pp->butterfly = spi_new_device(pp->bitbang.master, &pp->info[1]);
+	if (pp->butterfly)
+		pr_debug("%s: butterfly at %s\n", p->name,
+				pp->butterfly->dev.bus_id);
+
+	/* FIXME setup ACK for the IRQ line ...  */
+#endif
+
+	// dev_info(_what?_, ...)
+	pr_info("%s: AVR Butterfly\n", p->name);
+	butterfly = pp;
+	return;
+
+clean2:
+	/* turn off VCC */
+	parport_write_data(pp->port, 0);
+
+	parport_release(pp->pd);
+clean1:
+	parport_unregister_device(pd);
+clean0:
+	(void) spi_master_put(pp->bitbang.master);
+done:
+	platform_device_unregister(pdev);
+	pr_debug("%s: butterfly probe, fail %d\n", p->name, status);
+}
+
+static void butterfly_detach(struct parport *p)
+{
+	struct butterfly	*pp;
+	struct platform_device	*pdev;
+	int			status;
+
+	/* FIXME this global is ugly ... but, how to quickly get from
+	 * the parport to the "struct butterfly" associated with it?
+	 * "old school" driver-internal device lists?
+	 */
+	if (!butterfly || butterfly->port != p)
+		return;
+	pp = butterfly;
+	butterfly = NULL;
+
+#ifdef	HAVE_USI
+	spi_unregister_device(pp->butterfly);
+	pp->butterfly = NULL;
+#endif
+	spi_unregister_device(pp->dataflash);
+	pp->dataflash = NULL;
+
+	status = spi_bitbang_stop(&pp->bitbang);
+
+	/* turn off VCC */
+	parport_write_data(pp->port, 0);
+	msleep(10);
+
+	parport_release(pp->pd);
+	parport_unregister_device(pp->pd);
+
+	pdev = to_platform_device(pp->bitbang.master->cdev.dev);
+
+	(void) spi_master_put(pp->bitbang.master);
+
+	platform_device_unregister(pdev);
+}
+
+static struct parport_driver butterfly_driver = {
+	.name =		"spi_butterfly",
+	.attach =	butterfly_attach,
+	.detach =	butterfly_detach,
+};
+
+
+static int __init butterfly_init(void)
+{
+	return parport_register_driver(&butterfly_driver);
+}
+device_initcall(butterfly_init);
+
+static void __exit butterfly_exit(void)
+{
+	parport_unregister_driver(&butterfly_driver);
+}
+module_exit(butterfly_exit);
+
+MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");