x86/sgx: Maintain encl->refcount for each encl->mm_list entry

This has been shown in tests:

[ +0.000008] WARNING: CPU: 3 PID: 7620 at kernel/rcu/srcutree.c:374 cleanup_srcu_struct+0xed/0x100

This is essentially a use-after free, although SRCU notices it as
an SRCU cleanup in an invalid context.

== Background ==

SGX has a data structure (struct sgx_encl_mm) which keeps per-mm SGX
metadata. This is separate from struct sgx_encl because, in theory,
an enclave can be mapped from more than one mm. sgx_encl_mm includes
a pointer back to the sgx_encl.

This means that sgx_encl must have a longer lifetime than all of the
sgx_encl_mm's that point to it. That's usually the case: sgx_encl_mm
is freed only after the mmu_notifier is unregistered in sgx_release().

However, there's a race. If the process is exiting,
sgx_mmu_notifier_release() can be called in parallel with sgx_release()
instead of being called *by* it. The mmu_notifier path keeps encl_mm
alive past when sgx_encl can be freed. This inverts the lifetime rules
and means that sgx_mmu_notifier_release() can access a freed sgx_encl.

== Fix ==

Increase encl->refcount when encl_mm->encl is established. Release
this reference when encl_mm is freed. This ensures that encl outlives
encl_mm.

[ bp: Massage commit message. ]

Fixes: 1728ab54b4be ("x86/sgx: Add a page reclaimer")
Reported-by: Haitao Huang <[e-mail]>
Signed-off-by: Jarkko Sakkinen <[e-mail]>
Signed-off-by: Borislav Petkov <[e-mail]>
Acked-by: Dave Hansen <[e-mail]>
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/[e-mail]

arch/x86/kernel/cpu/sgx/driver.c

···
 		synchronize_srcu(&encl->srcu);
 		mmu_notifier_unregister(&encl_mm->mmu_notifier, encl_mm->mm);
 		kfree(encl_mm);
+
+		/* 'encl_mm' is gone, put encl_mm->encl reference: */
+		kref_put(&encl->refcount, sgx_encl_release);
 	}
 
 	kref_put(&encl->refcount, sgx_encl_release);

arch/x86/kernel/cpu/sgx/encl.c

···
 {
 	struct sgx_encl_mm *encl_mm = container_of(mn, struct sgx_encl_mm, mmu_notifier);
 
+	/* 'encl_mm' is going away, put encl_mm->encl reference: */
+	kref_put(&encl_mm->encl->refcount, sgx_encl_release);
+
 	kfree(encl_mm);
 }
 
···
 	if (!encl_mm)
 		return -ENOMEM;
 
+	/* Grab a refcount for the encl_mm->encl reference: */
+	kref_get(&encl->refcount);
 	encl_mm->encl = encl;
 	encl_mm->mm = mm;
 	encl_mm->mmu_notifier.ops = &sgx_mmu_notifier_ops;