Merge tag 'pull-fd' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/viro/vfs

Pull 'struct fd' class updates from Al Viro:
"The bulk of struct fd memory safety stuff

Making sure that struct fd instances are destroyed in the same scope
where they'd been created, getting rid of reassignments and passing
them by reference, converting to CLASS(fd{,_pos,_raw}).

We are getting very close to having the memory safety of that stuff
trivial to verify"

* tag 'pull-fd' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/viro/vfs: (28 commits)
deal with the last remaing boolean uses of fd_file()
css_set_fork(): switch to CLASS(fd_raw, ...)
memcg_write_event_control(): switch to CLASS(fd)
assorted variants of irqfd setup: convert to CLASS(fd)
do_pollfd(): convert to CLASS(fd)
convert do_select()
convert vfs_dedupe_file_range().
convert cifs_ioctl_copychunk()
convert media_request_get_by_fd()
convert spu_run(2)
switch spufs_calls_{get,put}() to CLASS() use
convert cachestat(2)
convert do_preadv()/do_pwritev()
fdget(), more trivial conversions
fdget(), trivial conversions
privcmd_ioeventfd_assign(): don't open-code eventfd_ctx_fdget()
o2hb_region_dev_store(): avoid goto around fdget()/fdput()
introduce "fd_pos" class, convert fdget_pos() users to it.
fdget_raw() users: switch to CLASS(fd_raw)
convert vmsplice() to CLASS(fd)
...

arch/alpha/kernel/osf_sys.c

···
 		long __user *, basep)
 {
 	int error;
-	struct fd arg = fdget_pos(fd);
+	CLASS(fd_pos, arg)(fd);
 	struct osf_dirent_callback buf = {
 		.ctx.actor = osf_filldir,
 		.dirent = dirent,
···
 		.count = count
 	};
 
-	if (!fd_file(arg))
+	if (fd_empty(arg))
 		return -EBADF;
 
 	error = iterate_dir(fd_file(arg), &buf.ctx);
···
 	if (count != buf.count)
 		error = count - buf.count;
 
-	fdput_pos(arg);
 	return error;
 }
 

arch/arm/kernel/sys_oabi-compat.c

···
 				 unsigned long arg)
 {
 	void __user *argp = (void __user *)arg;
-	struct fd f = fdget_raw(fd);
+	CLASS(fd_raw, f)(fd);
 	struct flock64 flock;
-	long err = -EBADF;
+	long err;
 
-	if (!fd_file(f))
-		goto out;
+	if (fd_empty(f))
+		return -EBADF;
 
 	switch (cmd) {
 	case F_GETLK64:
···
 		err = sys_fcntl64(fd, cmd, arg);
 		break;
 	}
-	fdput(f);
-out:
 	return err;
 }
 

arch/powerpc/kvm/book3s_64_vio.c

···
 	struct iommu_table_group *table_group;
 	long i;
 	struct kvmppc_spapr_tce_iommu_table *stit;
-	struct fd f;
+	CLASS(fd, f)(tablefd);
 
-	f = fdget(tablefd);
-	if (!fd_file(f))
+	if (fd_empty(f))
 		return -EBADF;
 
 	rcu_read_lock();
···
 	}
 	rcu_read_unlock();
 
-	if (!found) {
-		fdput(f);
+	if (!found)
 		return -EINVAL;
-	}
 
 	table_group = iommu_group_get_iommudata(grp);
-	if (WARN_ON(!table_group)) {
-		fdput(f);
+	if (WARN_ON(!table_group))
 		return -EFAULT;
-	}
 
 	for (i = 0; i < IOMMU_TABLE_GROUP_MAX_TABLES; ++i) {
 		struct iommu_table *tbltmp = table_group->tables[i];
···
 			break;
 		}
 	}
-	if (!tbl) {
-		fdput(f);
+	if (!tbl)
 		return -EINVAL;
-	}
 
 	rcu_read_lock();
 	list_for_each_entry_rcu(stit, &stt->iommu_tables, next) {
···
 			/* stit is being destroyed */
 			iommu_tce_table_put(tbl);
 			rcu_read_unlock();
-			fdput(f);
 			return -ENOTTY;
 		}
 		/*
···
 		 * its KVM reference counter and can return.
 		 */
 		rcu_read_unlock();
-		fdput(f);
 		return 0;
 	}
 	rcu_read_unlock();
···
 	stit = kzalloc(sizeof(*stit), GFP_KERNEL);
 	if (!stit) {
 		iommu_tce_table_put(tbl);
-		fdput(f);
 		return -ENOMEM;
 	}
 
···
 
 	list_add_rcu(&stit->next, &stt->iommu_tables);
 
-	fdput(f);
 	return 0;
 }
 

arch/powerpc/kvm/powerpc.c

···
 #endif
 #ifdef CONFIG_KVM_MPIC
 	case KVM_CAP_IRQ_MPIC: {
-		struct fd f;
+		CLASS(fd, f)(cap->args[0]);
 		struct kvm_device *dev;
 
 		r = -EBADF;
-		f = fdget(cap->args[0]);
-		if (!fd_file(f))
+		if (fd_empty(f))
 			break;
 
 		r = -EPERM;
···
 		if (dev)
 			r = kvmppc_mpic_connect_vcpu(dev, vcpu, cap->args[1]);
 
-		fdput(f);
 		break;
 	}
 #endif
 #ifdef CONFIG_KVM_XICS
 	case KVM_CAP_IRQ_XICS: {
-		struct fd f;
+		CLASS(fd, f)(cap->args[0]);
 		struct kvm_device *dev;
 
 		r = -EBADF;
-		f = fdget(cap->args[0]);
-		if (!fd_file(f))
+		if (fd_empty(f))
 			break;
 
 		r = -EPERM;
···
 			else
 				r = kvmppc_xics_connect_vcpu(dev, vcpu, cap->args[1]);
 		}
-
-		fdput(f);
 		break;
 	}
 #endif /* CONFIG_KVM_XICS */
 #ifdef CONFIG_KVM_XIVE
 	case KVM_CAP_PPC_IRQ_XIVE: {
-		struct fd f;
+		CLASS(fd, f)(cap->args[0]);
 		struct kvm_device *dev;
 
 		r = -EBADF;
-		f = fdget(cap->args[0]);
-		if (!fd_file(f))
+		if (fd_empty(f))
 			break;
 
 		r = -ENXIO;
-		if (!xive_enabled()) {
-			fdput(f);
+		if (!xive_enabled())
 			break;
-		}
 
 		r = -EPERM;
 		dev = kvm_device_from_filp(fd_file(f));
 		if (dev)
 			r = kvmppc_xive_native_connect_vcpu(dev, vcpu,
 							    cap->args[1]);
-
-		fdput(f);
 		break;
 	}
 #endif /* CONFIG_KVM_XIVE */

arch/powerpc/platforms/cell/spu_syscalls.c

···
 
 static inline void spufs_calls_put(struct spufs_calls *calls)
 {
+	if (!calls)
+		return;
+
 	BUG_ON(calls != spufs_calls);
 
 	/* we don't need to rcu this, as we hold a reference to the module */
···
 
 #endif /* CONFIG_SPU_FS_MODULE */
 
+DEFINE_CLASS(spufs_calls, struct spufs_calls *, spufs_calls_put(_T), spufs_calls_get(), void)
+
 SYSCALL_DEFINE4(spu_create, const char __user *, name, unsigned int, flags,
 	umode_t, mode, int, neighbor_fd)
 {
-	long ret;
-	struct spufs_calls *calls;
-
-	calls = spufs_calls_get();
+	CLASS(spufs_calls, calls)();
 	if (!calls)
 		return -ENOSYS;
 
 	if (flags & SPU_CREATE_AFFINITY_SPU) {
-		struct fd neighbor = fdget(neighbor_fd);
-		ret = -EBADF;
-		if (fd_file(neighbor)) {
-			ret = calls->create_thread(name, flags, mode, fd_file(neighbor));
-			fdput(neighbor);
-		}
-	} else
-		ret = calls->create_thread(name, flags, mode, NULL);
-
-	spufs_calls_put(calls);
-	return ret;
+		CLASS(fd, neighbor)(neighbor_fd);
+		if (fd_empty(neighbor))
+			return -EBADF;
+		return calls->create_thread(name, flags, mode, fd_file(neighbor));
+	} else {
+		return calls->create_thread(name, flags, mode, NULL);
+	}
 }
 
 SYSCALL_DEFINE3(spu_run,int, fd, __u32 __user *, unpc, __u32 __user *, ustatus)
 {
-	long ret;
-	struct fd arg;
-	struct spufs_calls *calls;
-
-	calls = spufs_calls_get();
+	CLASS(spufs_calls, calls)();
 	if (!calls)
 		return -ENOSYS;
 
-	ret = -EBADF;
-	arg = fdget(fd);
-	if (fd_file(arg)) {
-		ret = calls->spu_run(fd_file(arg), unpc, ustatus);
-		fdput(arg);
-	}
+	CLASS(fd, arg)(fd);
+	if (fd_empty(arg))
+		return -EBADF;
 
-	spufs_calls_put(calls);
-	return ret;
+	return calls->spu_run(fd_file(arg), unpc, ustatus);
 }
 
 #ifdef CONFIG_COREDUMP
 int elf_coredump_extra_notes_size(void)
 {
-	struct spufs_calls *calls;
-	int ret;
-
-	calls = spufs_calls_get();
+	CLASS(spufs_calls, calls)();
 	if (!calls)
 		return 0;
 
-	ret = calls->coredump_extra_notes_size();
-
-	spufs_calls_put(calls);
-
-	return ret;
+	return calls->coredump_extra_notes_size();
 }
 
 int elf_coredump_extra_notes_write(struct coredump_params *cprm)
 {
-	struct spufs_calls *calls;
-	int ret;
-
-	calls = spufs_calls_get();
+	CLASS(spufs_calls, calls)();
 	if (!calls)
 		return 0;
 
-	ret = calls->coredump_extra_notes_write(cprm);
-
-	spufs_calls_put(calls);
-
-	return ret;
+	return calls->coredump_extra_notes_write(cprm);
 }
 #endif
 

arch/x86/kernel/cpu/sgx/main.c

···
 int sgx_set_attribute(unsigned long *allowed_attributes,
 		      unsigned int attribute_fd)
 {
-	struct fd f = fdget(attribute_fd);
+	CLASS(fd, f)(attribute_fd);
 
-	if (!fd_file(f))
+	if (fd_empty(f))
 		return -EINVAL;
 
-	if (fd_file(f)->f_op != &sgx_provision_fops) {
-		fdput(f);
+	if (fd_file(f)->f_op != &sgx_provision_fops)
 		return -EINVAL;
-	}
 
 	*allowed_attributes |= SGX_ATTR_PROVISIONKEY;
-
-	fdput(f);
 	return 0;
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(sgx_set_attribute);

arch/x86/kvm/svm/sev.c

···
 
 static int __sev_issue_cmd(int fd, int id, void *data, int *error)
 {
-	struct fd f;
-	int ret;
+	CLASS(fd, f)(fd);
 
-	f = fdget(fd);
-	if (!fd_file(f))
+	if (fd_empty(f))
 		return -EBADF;
 
-	ret = sev_issue_cmd_external_user(fd_file(f), id, data, error);
-
-	fdput(f);
-	return ret;
+	return sev_issue_cmd_external_user(fd_file(f), id, data, error);
 }
 
 static int sev_issue_cmd(struct kvm *kvm, int id, void *data, int *error)
···
 {
 	struct kvm_sev_info *dst_sev = &to_kvm_svm(kvm)->sev_info;
 	struct kvm_sev_info *src_sev, *cg_cleanup_sev;
-	struct fd f = fdget(source_fd);
+	CLASS(fd, f)(source_fd);
 	struct kvm *source_kvm;
 	bool charged = false;
 	int ret;
 
-	if (!fd_file(f))
+	if (fd_empty(f))
 		return -EBADF;
 
-	if (!file_is_kvm(fd_file(f))) {
-		ret = -EBADF;
-		goto out_fput;
-	}
+	if (!file_is_kvm(fd_file(f)))
+		return -EBADF;
 
 	source_kvm = fd_file(f)->private_data;
 	ret = sev_lock_two_vms(kvm, source_kvm);
 	if (ret)
-		goto out_fput;
+		return ret;
 
 	if (kvm->arch.vm_type != source_kvm->arch.vm_type ||
 	    sev_guest(kvm) || !sev_guest(source_kvm)) {
···
 	cg_cleanup_sev->misc_cg = NULL;
 out_unlock:
 	sev_unlock_two_vms(kvm, source_kvm);
-out_fput:
-	fdput(f);
 	return ret;
 }
 
···
 
 int sev_vm_copy_enc_context_from(struct kvm *kvm, unsigned int source_fd)
 {
-	struct fd f = fdget(source_fd);
+	CLASS(fd, f)(source_fd);
 	struct kvm *source_kvm;
 	struct kvm_sev_info *source_sev, *mirror_sev;
 	int ret;
 
-	if (!fd_file(f))
+	if (fd_empty(f))
 		return -EBADF;
 
-	if (!file_is_kvm(fd_file(f))) {
-		ret = -EBADF;
-		goto e_source_fput;
-	}
+	if (!file_is_kvm(fd_file(f)))
+		return -EBADF;
 
 	source_kvm = fd_file(f)->private_data;
 	ret = sev_lock_two_vms(kvm, source_kvm);
 	if (ret)
-		goto e_source_fput;
+		return ret;
 
 	/*
 	 * Mirrors of mirrors should work, but let's not get silly.  Also
···
 
 e_unlock:
 	sev_unlock_two_vms(kvm, source_kvm);
-e_source_fput:
-	fdput(f);
 	return ret;
 }
 

drivers/gpu/drm/amd/amdgpu/amdgpu_sched.c

···
 						  int fd,
 						  int32_t priority)
 {
-	struct fd f = fdget(fd);
+	CLASS(fd, f)(fd);
 	struct amdgpu_fpriv *fpriv;
 	struct amdgpu_ctx_mgr *mgr;
 	struct amdgpu_ctx *ctx;
 	uint32_t id;
 	int r;
 
-	if (!fd_file(f))
+	if (fd_empty(f))
 		return -EINVAL;
 
 	r = amdgpu_file_to_fpriv(fd_file(f), &fpriv);
-	if (r) {
-		fdput(f);
+	if (r)
 		return r;
-	}
 
 	mgr = &fpriv->ctx_mgr;
 	mutex_lock(&mgr->lock);
···
 		amdgpu_ctx_priority_override(ctx, priority);
 	mutex_unlock(&mgr->lock);
 
-	fdput(f);
 	return 0;
 }
 
···
 						  unsigned ctx_id,
 						  int32_t priority)
 {
-	struct fd f = fdget(fd);
+	CLASS(fd, f)(fd);
 	struct amdgpu_fpriv *fpriv;
 	struct amdgpu_ctx *ctx;
 	int r;
 
-	if (!fd_file(f))
+	if (fd_empty(f))
 		return -EINVAL;
 
 	r = amdgpu_file_to_fpriv(fd_file(f), &fpriv);
-	if (r) {
-		fdput(f);
+	if (r)
 		return r;
-	}
 
 	ctx = amdgpu_ctx_get(fpriv, ctx_id);
 
-	if (!ctx) {
-		fdput(f);
+	if (!ctx)
 		return -EINVAL;
-	}
 
 	amdgpu_ctx_priority_override(ctx, priority);
 	amdgpu_ctx_put(ctx);
-	fdput(f);
-
 	return 0;
 }
 

drivers/gpu/drm/drm_syncobj.c

···
 				    int fd, u32 *handle)
 {
 	struct drm_syncobj *syncobj;
-	struct fd f = fdget(fd);
+	CLASS(fd, f)(fd);
 	int ret;
 
-	if (!fd_file(f))
+	if (fd_empty(f))
 		return -EINVAL;
 
-	if (fd_file(f)->f_op != &drm_syncobj_file_fops) {
-		fdput(f);
+	if (fd_file(f)->f_op != &drm_syncobj_file_fops)
 		return -EINVAL;
-	}
 
 	/* take a reference to put in the idr */
 	syncobj = fd_file(f)->private_data;
···
 	} else
 		drm_syncobj_put(syncobj);
 
-	fdput(f);
 	return ret;
 }
 

drivers/infiniband/core/ucma.c

···
 	struct ucma_event *uevent, *tmp;
 	struct ucma_context *ctx;
 	LIST_HEAD(event_list);
-	struct fd f;
 	struct ucma_file *cur_file;
 	int ret = 0;
 
···
 		return -EFAULT;
 
 	/* Get current fd to protect against it being closed */
-	f = fdget(cmd.fd);
-	if (!fd_file(f))
+	CLASS(fd, f)(cmd.fd);
+	if (fd_empty(f))
 		return -ENOENT;
-	if (fd_file(f)->f_op != &ucma_fops) {
-		ret = -EINVAL;
-		goto file_put;
-	}
+	if (fd_file(f)->f_op != &ucma_fops)
+		return -EINVAL;
 	cur_file = fd_file(f)->private_data;
 
 	/* Validate current fd and prevent destruction of id. */
 	ctx = ucma_get_ctx(cur_file, cmd.id);
-	if (IS_ERR(ctx)) {
-		ret = PTR_ERR(ctx);
-		goto file_put;
-	}
+	if (IS_ERR(ctx))
+		return PTR_ERR(ctx);
 
 	rdma_lock_handler(ctx->cm_id);
 	/*
···
 err_unlock:
 	rdma_unlock_handler(ctx->cm_id);
 	ucma_put_ctx(ctx);
-file_put:
-	fdput(f);
 	return ret;
 }
 

drivers/infiniband/core/uverbs_cmd.c

···
 	if (cmd.fd != -1) {
 		/* search for file descriptor */
 		f = fdget(cmd.fd);
-		if (!fd_file(f)) {
+		if (fd_empty(f)) {
 			ret = -EBADF;
 			goto err_tree_mutex_unlock;
 		}
···
 		atomic_inc(&xrcd->usecnt);
 	}
 
-	if (fd_file(f))
-		fdput(f);
+	fdput(f);
 
 	mutex_unlock(&ibudev->xrcd_tree_mutex);
 	uobj_finalize_uobj_create(&obj->uobject, attrs);
···
 	uobj_alloc_abort(&obj->uobject, attrs);
 
 err_tree_mutex_unlock:
-	if (fd_file(f))
-		fdput(f);
+	fdput(f);
 
 	mutex_unlock(&ibudev->xrcd_tree_mutex);
 

drivers/media/mc/mc-request.c

···
 struct media_request *
 media_request_get_by_fd(struct media_device *mdev, int request_fd)
 {
-	struct fd f;
 	struct media_request *req;
 
 	if (!mdev || !mdev->ops ||
 	    !mdev->ops->req_validate || !mdev->ops->req_queue)
 		return ERR_PTR(-EBADR);
 
-	f = fdget(request_fd);
-	if (!fd_file(f))
-		goto err_no_req_fd;
+	CLASS(fd, f)(request_fd);
+	if (fd_empty(f))
+		goto err;
 
 	if (fd_file(f)->f_op != &request_fops)
-		goto err_fput;
+		goto err;
 	req = fd_file(f)->private_data;
 	if (req->mdev != mdev)
-		goto err_fput;
+		goto err;
 
 	/*
 	 * Note: as long as someone has an open filehandle of the request,
···
 	 * before media_request_get() is called.
 	 */
 	media_request_get(req);
-	fdput(f);
-
 	return req;
 
-err_fput:
-	fdput(f);
-
-err_no_req_fd:
+err:
 	dev_dbg(mdev->dev, "cannot find request_fd %d\n", request_fd);
 	return ERR_PTR(-EINVAL);
 }

drivers/media/rc/lirc_dev.c

···
 
 struct rc_dev *rc_dev_get_from_fd(int fd, bool write)
 {
-	struct fd f = fdget(fd);
+	CLASS(fd, f)(fd);
 	struct lirc_fh *fh;
 	struct rc_dev *dev;
 
-	if (!fd_file(f))
+	if (fd_empty(f))
 		return ERR_PTR(-EBADF);
 
-	if (fd_file(f)->f_op != &lirc_fops) {
-		fdput(f);
+	if (fd_file(f)->f_op != &lirc_fops)
 		return ERR_PTR(-EINVAL);
-	}
 
-	if (write && !(fd_file(f)->f_mode & FMODE_WRITE)) {
-		fdput(f);
+	if (write && !(fd_file(f)->f_mode & FMODE_WRITE))
 		return ERR_PTR(-EPERM);
-	}
 
 	fh = fd_file(f)->private_data;
 	dev = fh->rc;
 
 	get_device(&dev->dev);
-	fdput(f);
 
 	return dev;
 }

drivers/vfio/group.c

···
 {
 	struct vfio_container *container;
 	struct iommufd_ctx *iommufd;
-	struct fd f;
 	int ret;
 	int fd;
 
 	if (get_user(fd, arg))
 		return -EFAULT;
 
-	f = fdget(fd);
-	if (!fd_file(f))
+	CLASS(fd, f)(fd);
+	if (fd_empty(f))
 		return -EBADF;
 
 	mutex_lock(&group->group_lock);
···
 
 out_unlock:
 	mutex_unlock(&group->group_lock);
-	fdput(f);
 	return ret;
 }
 

drivers/vfio/virqfd.c

···
 		       void (*thread)(void *, void *),
 		       void *data, struct virqfd **pvirqfd, int fd)
 {
-	struct fd irqfd;
 	struct eventfd_ctx *ctx;
 	struct virqfd *virqfd;
 	int ret = 0;
···
 	INIT_WORK(&virqfd->inject, virqfd_inject);
 	INIT_WORK(&virqfd->flush_inject, virqfd_flush_inject);
 
-	irqfd = fdget(fd);
-	if (!fd_file(irqfd)) {
+	CLASS(fd, irqfd)(fd);
+	if (fd_empty(irqfd)) {
 		ret = -EBADF;
 		goto err_fd;
 	}
···
 	ctx = eventfd_ctx_fileget(fd_file(irqfd));
 	if (IS_ERR(ctx)) {
 		ret = PTR_ERR(ctx);
-		goto err_ctx;
+		goto err_fd;
 	}
 
 	virqfd->eventfd = ctx;
···
 		if ((!handler || handler(opaque, data)) && thread)
 			schedule_work(&virqfd->inject);
 	}
-
-	/*
-	 * Do not drop the file until the irqfd is fully initialized,
-	 * otherwise we might race against the EPOLLHUP.
-	 */
-	fdput(irqfd);
-
 	return 0;
 err_busy:
 	eventfd_ctx_put(ctx);
-err_ctx:
-	fdput(irqfd);
 err_fd:
 	kfree(virqfd);
 

drivers/virt/acrn/irqfd.c

···
 	struct eventfd_ctx *eventfd = NULL;
 	struct hsm_irqfd *irqfd, *tmp;
 	__poll_t events;
-	struct fd f;
 	int ret = 0;
 
 	irqfd = kzalloc(sizeof(*irqfd), GFP_KERNEL);
···
 	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&irqfd->list);
 	INIT_WORK(&irqfd->shutdown, hsm_irqfd_shutdown_work);
 
-	f = fdget(args->fd);
-	if (!fd_file(f)) {
+	CLASS(fd, f)(args->fd);
+	if (fd_empty(f)) {
 		ret = -EBADF;
 		goto out;
 	}
···
 	eventfd = eventfd_ctx_fileget(fd_file(f));
 	if (IS_ERR(eventfd)) {
 		ret = PTR_ERR(eventfd);
-		goto fail;
+		goto out;
 	}
 
 	irqfd->eventfd = eventfd;
···
 	if (events & EPOLLIN)
 		acrn_irqfd_inject(irqfd);
 
-	fdput(f);
 	return 0;
 fail:
-	if (eventfd && !IS_ERR(eventfd))
-		eventfd_ctx_put(eventfd);
-
-	fdput(f);
+	eventfd_ctx_put(eventfd);
 out:
 	kfree(irqfd);
 	return ret;

drivers/xen/privcmd.c

···
 	struct privcmd_kernel_irqfd *kirqfd, *tmp;
 	unsigned long flags;
 	__poll_t events;
-	struct fd f;
 	void *dm_op;
 	int ret, idx;
+
+	CLASS(fd, f)(irqfd->fd);
 
 	kirqfd = kzalloc(sizeof(*kirqfd) + irqfd->size, GFP_KERNEL);
 	if (!kirqfd)
···
 	kirqfd->dom = irqfd->dom;
 	INIT_WORK(&kirqfd->shutdown, irqfd_shutdown);
 
-	f = fdget(irqfd->fd);
-	if (!fd_file(f)) {
+	if (fd_empty(f)) {
 		ret = -EBADF;
 		goto error_kfree;
 	}
···
 	kirqfd->eventfd = eventfd_ctx_fileget(fd_file(f));
 	if (IS_ERR(kirqfd->eventfd)) {
 		ret = PTR_ERR(kirqfd->eventfd);
-		goto error_fd_put;
+		goto error_kfree;
 	}
 
 	/*
···
 		irqfd_inject(kirqfd);
 
 	srcu_read_unlock(&irqfds_srcu, idx);
-
-	/*
-	 * Do not drop the file until the kirqfd is fully initialized, otherwise
-	 * we might race against the EPOLLHUP.
-	 */
-	fdput(f);
 	return 0;
 
 error_eventfd:
 	eventfd_ctx_put(kirqfd->eventfd);
-
-error_fd_put:
-	fdput(f);
 
 error_kfree:
 	kfree(kirqfd);
···
 	struct privcmd_kernel_ioeventfd *kioeventfd;
 	struct privcmd_kernel_ioreq *kioreq;
 	unsigned long flags;
-	struct fd f;
 	int ret;
 
 	/* Check for range overflow */
···
 	if (!kioeventfd)
 		return -ENOMEM;
 
-	f = fdget(ioeventfd->event_fd);
-	if (!fd_file(f)) {
-		ret = -EBADF;
-		goto error_kfree;
-	}
-
-	kioeventfd->eventfd = eventfd_ctx_fileget(fd_file(f));
-	fdput(f);
-
+	kioeventfd->eventfd = eventfd_ctx_fdget(ioeventfd->event_fd);
 	if (IS_ERR(kioeventfd->eventfd)) {
 		ret = PTR_ERR(kioeventfd->eventfd);
 		goto error_kfree;

fs/btrfs/ioctl.c

···
 		ret = btrfs_mksubvol(&file->f_path, idmap, name,
 				     namelen, NULL, readonly, inherit);
 	} else {
-		struct fd src = fdget(fd);
+		CLASS(fd, src)(fd);
 		struct inode *src_inode;
-		if (!fd_file(src)) {
+		if (fd_empty(src)) {
 			ret = -EINVAL;
 			goto out_drop_write;
 		}
···
 					       BTRFS_I(src_inode)->root,
 					       readonly, inherit);
 		}
-		fdput(src);
 	}
 out_drop_write:
 	mnt_drop_write_file(file);

fs/eventfd.c

···
  */
 struct eventfd_ctx *eventfd_ctx_fdget(int fd)
 {
-	struct eventfd_ctx *ctx;
-	struct fd f = fdget(fd);
-	if (!fd_file(f))
+	CLASS(fd, f)(fd);
+	if (fd_empty(f))
 		return ERR_PTR(-EBADF);
-	ctx = eventfd_ctx_fileget(fd_file(f));
-	fdput(f);
-	return ctx;
+	return eventfd_ctx_fileget(fd_file(f));
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(eventfd_ctx_fdget);
 

fs/eventpoll.c

···
 {
 	int error;
 	int full_check = 0;
-	struct fd f, tf;
 	struct eventpoll *ep;
 	struct epitem *epi;
 	struct eventpoll *tep = NULL;
 
-	error = -EBADF;
-	f = fdget(epfd);
-	if (!fd_file(f))
-		goto error_return;
+	CLASS(fd, f)(epfd);
+	if (fd_empty(f))
+		return -EBADF;
 
 	/* Get the "struct file *" for the target file */
-	tf = fdget(fd);
-	if (!fd_file(tf))
-		goto error_fput;
+	CLASS(fd, tf)(fd);
+	if (fd_empty(tf))
+		return -EBADF;
 
 	/* The target file descriptor must support poll */
-	error = -EPERM;
 	if (!file_can_poll(fd_file(tf)))
-		goto error_tgt_fput;
+		return -EPERM;
 
 	/* Check if EPOLLWAKEUP is allowed */
 	if (ep_op_has_event(op))
···
 		loop_check_gen++;
 		mutex_unlock(&epnested_mutex);
 	}
-
-	fdput(tf);
-error_fput:
-	fdput(f);
-error_return:
-
 	return error;
 }
 
···
 static int do_epoll_wait(int epfd, struct epoll_event __user *events,
 			 int maxevents, struct timespec64 *to)
 {
-	int error;
-	struct fd f;
 	struct eventpoll *ep;
 
 	/* The maximum number of event must be greater than zero */
···
 		return -EFAULT;
 
 	/* Get the "struct file *" for the eventpoll file */
-	f = fdget(epfd);
-	if (!fd_file(f))
+	CLASS(fd, f)(epfd);
+	if (fd_empty(f))
 		return -EBADF;
 
 	/*
 	 * We have to check that the file structure underneath the fd
 	 * the user passed to us _is_ an eventpoll file.
 	 */
-	error = -EINVAL;
 	if (!is_file_epoll(fd_file(f)))
-		goto error_fput;
+		return -EINVAL;
 
 	/*
 	 * At this point it is safe to assume that the "private_data" contains
···
 	ep = fd_file(f)->private_data;
 
 	/* Time to fish for events ... */
-	error = ep_poll(ep, events, maxevents, to);
-
-error_fput:
-	fdput(f);
-	return error;
+	return ep_poll(ep, events, maxevents, to);
 }
 
 SYSCALL_DEFINE4(epoll_wait, int, epfd, struct epoll_event __user *, events,

fs/ext4/ioctl.c

···
 
 	case EXT4_IOC_MOVE_EXT: {
 		struct move_extent me;
-		struct fd donor;
 		int err;
 
 		if (!(filp->f_mode & FMODE_READ) ||
···
 			return -EFAULT;
 		me.moved_len = 0;
 
-		donor = fdget(me.donor_fd);
-		if (!fd_file(donor))
+		CLASS(fd, donor)(me.donor_fd);
+		if (fd_empty(donor))
 			return -EBADF;
 
-		if (!(fd_file(donor)->f_mode & FMODE_WRITE)) {
-			err = -EBADF;
-			goto mext_out;
-		}
+		if (!(fd_file(donor)->f_mode & FMODE_WRITE))
+			return -EBADF;
 
 		if (ext4_has_feature_bigalloc(sb)) {
 			ext4_msg(sb, KERN_ERR,
 				 "Online defrag not supported with bigalloc");
-			err = -EOPNOTSUPP;
-			goto mext_out;
+			return -EOPNOTSUPP;
 		} else if (IS_DAX(inode)) {
 			ext4_msg(sb, KERN_ERR,
 				 "Online defrag not supported with DAX");
-			err = -EOPNOTSUPP;
-			goto mext_out;
+			return -EOPNOTSUPP;
 		}
 
 		err = mnt_want_write_file(filp);
 		if (err)
-			goto mext_out;
+			return err;
 
 		err = ext4_move_extents(filp, fd_file(donor), me.orig_start,
 					me.donor_start, me.len, &me.moved_len);
···
 		if (copy_to_user((struct move_extent __user *)arg,
 				 &me, sizeof(me)))
 			err = -EFAULT;
-mext_out:
-		fdput(donor);
 		return err;
 	}
 

fs/f2fs/file.c

···
 static int __f2fs_ioc_move_range(struct file *filp,
 				struct f2fs_move_range *range)
 {
-	struct fd dst;
 	int err;
 
 	if (!(filp->f_mode & FMODE_READ) ||
 			!(filp->f_mode & FMODE_WRITE))
 		return -EBADF;
 
-	dst = fdget(range->dst_fd);
-	if (!fd_file(dst))
+	CLASS(fd, dst)(range->dst_fd);
+	if (fd_empty(dst))
 		return -EBADF;
 
-	if (!(fd_file(dst)->f_mode & FMODE_WRITE)) {
-		err = -EBADF;
-		goto err_out;
-	}
+	if (!(fd_file(dst)->f_mode & FMODE_WRITE))
+		return -EBADF;
 
 	err = mnt_want_write_file(filp);
 	if (err)
-		goto err_out;
+		return err;
 
 	err = f2fs_move_file_range(filp, range->pos_in, fd_file(dst),
 					range->pos_out, range->len);
 
 	mnt_drop_write_file(filp);
-err_out:
-	fdput(dst);
 	return err;
 }
 

fs/fcntl.c

···
 
 SYSCALL_DEFINE3(fcntl, unsigned int, fd, unsigned int, cmd, unsigned long, arg)
 {	
-	struct fd f = fdget_raw(fd);
-	long err = -EBADF;
+	CLASS(fd_raw, f)(fd);
+	long err;
 
-	if (!fd_file(f))
-		goto out;
+	if (fd_empty(f))
+		return -EBADF;
 
 	if (unlikely(fd_file(f)->f_mode & FMODE_PATH)) {
 		if (!check_fcntl_cmd(cmd))
-			goto out1;
+			return -EBADF;
 	}
 
 	err = security_file_fcntl(fd_file(f), cmd, arg);
 	if (!err)
 		err = do_fcntl(fd, cmd, arg, fd_file(f));
 
-out1:
- 	fdput(f);
-out:
 	return err;
 }
 
···
 		unsigned long, arg)
 {	
 	void __user *argp = (void __user *)arg;
-	struct fd f = fdget_raw(fd);
+	CLASS(fd_raw, f)(fd);
 	struct flock64 flock;
-	long err = -EBADF;
+	long err;
 
-	if (!fd_file(f))
-		goto out;
+	if (fd_empty(f))
+		return -EBADF;
 
 	if (unlikely(fd_file(f)->f_mode & FMODE_PATH)) {
 		if (!check_fcntl_cmd(cmd))
-			goto out1;
+			return -EBADF;
 	}
 
 	err = security_file_fcntl(fd_file(f), cmd, arg);
 	if (err)
-		goto out1;
+		return err;
 	
 	switch (cmd) {
 	case F_GETLK64:
···
 		err = do_fcntl(fd, cmd, arg, fd_file(f));
 		break;
 	}
-out1:
-	fdput(f);
-out:
 	return err;
 }
 #endif
···
 static long do_compat_fcntl64(unsigned int fd, unsigned int cmd,
 			     compat_ulong_t arg)
 {
-	struct fd f = fdget_raw(fd);
+	CLASS(fd_raw, f)(fd);
 	struct flock flock;
-	long err = -EBADF;
+	long err;
 
-	if (!fd_file(f))
-		return err;
+	if (fd_empty(f))
+		return -EBADF;
 
 	if (unlikely(fd_file(f)->f_mode & FMODE_PATH)) {
 		if (!check_fcntl_cmd(cmd))
-			goto out_put;
+			return -EBADF;
 	}
 
 	err = security_file_fcntl(fd_file(f), cmd, arg);
 	if (err)
-		goto out_put;
+		return err;
 
 	switch (cmd) {
 	case F_GETLK:
···
 		err = do_fcntl(fd, cmd, arg, fd_file(f));
 		break;
 	}
-out_put:
-	fdput(f);
 	return err;
 }
 

fs/fhandle.c

···
 		path_get(root);
 		spin_unlock(&fs->lock);
 	} else {
-		struct fd f = fdget(fd);
-		if (!fd_file(f))
+		CLASS(fd, f)(fd);
+		if (fd_empty(f))
 			return -EBADF;
 		*root = fd_file(f)->f_path;
 		path_get(root);
-		fdput(f);
 	}
 
 	return 0;

fs/fsopen.c

···
 		int, aux)
 {
 	struct fs_context *fc;
-	struct fd f;
 	int ret;
 	int lookup_flags = 0;
 
···
 		return -EOPNOTSUPP;
 	}
 
-	f = fdget(fd);
-	if (!fd_file(f))
+	CLASS(fd, f)(fd);
+	if (fd_empty(f))
 		return -EBADF;
-	ret = -EINVAL;
 	if (fd_file(f)->f_op != &fscontext_fops)
-		goto out_f;
+		return -EINVAL;
 
 	fc = fd_file(f)->private_data;
 	if (fc->ops == &legacy_fs_context_ops) {
···
 		case FSCONFIG_SET_PATH_EMPTY:
 		case FSCONFIG_SET_FD:
 		case FSCONFIG_CMD_CREATE_EXCL:
-			ret = -EOPNOTSUPP;
-			goto out_f;
+			return -EOPNOTSUPP;
 		}
 	}
 
 	if (_key) {
 		param.key = strndup_user(_key, 256);
-		if (IS_ERR(param.key)) {
-			ret = PTR_ERR(param.key);
-			goto out_f;
-		}
+		if (IS_ERR(param.key))
+			return PTR_ERR(param.key);
 	}
 
 	switch (cmd) {
···
 	}
 out_key:
 	kfree(param.key);
-out_f:
-	fdput(f);
 	return ret;
 }

fs/fuse/dev.c

···
 	int res;
 	int oldfd;
 	struct fuse_dev *fud = NULL;
-	struct fd f;
 
 	if (get_user(oldfd, argp))
 		return -EFAULT;
 
-	f = fdget(oldfd);
-	if (!fd_file(f))
+	CLASS(fd, f)(oldfd);
+	if (fd_empty(f))
 		return -EINVAL;
 
 	/*
···
 		mutex_unlock(&fuse_mutex);
 	}
 
-	fdput(f);
 	return res;
 }
 

fs/ioctl.c

···
 static long ioctl_file_clone(struct file *dst_file, unsigned long srcfd,
 			     u64 off, u64 olen, u64 destoff)
 {
-	struct fd src_file = fdget(srcfd);
+	CLASS(fd, src_file)(srcfd);
 	loff_t cloned;
 	int ret;
 
-	if (!fd_file(src_file))
+	if (fd_empty(src_file))
 		return -EBADF;
 	cloned = vfs_clone_file_range(fd_file(src_file), off, dst_file, destoff,
 				      olen, 0);
···
 		ret = -EINVAL;
 	else
 		ret = 0;
-	fdput(src_file);
 	return ret;
 }
 
···
 
 SYSCALL_DEFINE3(ioctl, unsigned int, fd, unsigned int, cmd, unsigned long, arg)
 {
-	struct fd f = fdget(fd);
+	CLASS(fd, f)(fd);
 	int error;
 
-	if (!fd_file(f))
+	if (fd_empty(f))
 		return -EBADF;
 
 	error = security_file_ioctl(fd_file(f), cmd, arg);
 	if (error)
-		goto out;
+		return error;
 
 	error = do_vfs_ioctl(fd_file(f), fd, cmd, arg);
 	if (error == -ENOIOCTLCMD)
 		error = vfs_ioctl(fd_file(f), cmd, arg);
 
-out:
-	fdput(f);
 	return error;
 }
 
···
 COMPAT_SYSCALL_DEFINE3(ioctl, unsigned int, fd, unsigned int, cmd,
 		       compat_ulong_t, arg)
 {
-	struct fd f = fdget(fd);
+	CLASS(fd, f)(fd);
 	int error;
 
-	if (!fd_file(f))
+	if (fd_empty(f))
 		return -EBADF;
 
 	error = security_file_ioctl_compat(fd_file(f), cmd, arg);
 	if (error)
-		goto out;
+		return error;
 
 	switch (cmd) {
 	/* FICLONE takes an int argument, so don't use compat_ptr() */
···
 			error = -ENOTTY;
 		break;
 	}
-
- out:
-	fdput(f);
-
 	return error;
 }
 #endif

fs/kernel_read_file.c

···
 				 size_t buf_size, size_t *file_size,
 				 enum kernel_read_file_id id)
 {
-	struct fd f = fdget(fd);
-	ssize_t ret = -EBADF;
+	CLASS(fd, f)(fd);
 
-	if (!fd_file(f) || !(fd_file(f)->f_mode & FMODE_READ))
-		goto out;
+	if (fd_empty(f) || !(fd_file(f)->f_mode & FMODE_READ))
+		return -EBADF;
 
-	ret = kernel_read_file(fd_file(f), offset, buf, buf_size, file_size, id);
-out:
-	fdput(f);
-	return ret;
+	return kernel_read_file(fd_file(f), offset, buf, buf_size, file_size, id);
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(kernel_read_file_from_fd);

fs/locks.c

···
 {
 	int can_sleep, error, type;
 	struct file_lock fl;
-	struct fd f;
 
 	/*
 	 * LOCK_MAND locks were broken for a long time in that they never
···
 	if (type < 0)
 		return type;
 
-	error = -EBADF;
-	f = fdget(fd);
-	if (!fd_file(f))
-		return error;
+	CLASS(fd, f)(fd);
+	if (fd_empty(f))
+		return -EBADF;
 
 	if (type != F_UNLCK && !(fd_file(f)->f_mode & (FMODE_READ | FMODE_WRITE)))
-		goto out_putf;
+		return -EBADF;
 
 	flock_make_lock(fd_file(f), &fl, type);
 
 	error = security_file_lock(fd_file(f), fl.c.flc_type);
 	if (error)
-		goto out_putf;
+		return error;
 
 	can_sleep = !(cmd & LOCK_NB);
 	if (can_sleep)
···
 		error = locks_lock_file_wait(fd_file(f), &fl);
 
 	locks_release_private(&fl);
- out_putf:
-	fdput(f);
-
 	return error;
 }
 

fs/namei.c

···
 		}
 	} else {
 		/* Caller must check execute permissions on the starting path component */
-		struct fd f = fdget_raw(nd->dfd);
+		CLASS(fd_raw, f)(nd->dfd);
 		struct dentry *dentry;
 
-		if (!fd_file(f))
+		if (fd_empty(f))
 			return ERR_PTR(-EBADF);
 
 		if (flags & LOOKUP_LINKAT_EMPTY) {
 			if (fd_file(f)->f_cred != current_cred() &&
-			    !ns_capable(fd_file(f)->f_cred->user_ns, CAP_DAC_READ_SEARCH)) {
-				fdput(f);
+			    !ns_capable(fd_file(f)->f_cred->user_ns, CAP_DAC_READ_SEARCH))
 				return ERR_PTR(-ENOENT);
-			}
 		}
 
 		dentry = fd_file(f)->f_path.dentry;
 
-		if (*s && unlikely(!d_can_lookup(dentry))) {
-			fdput(f);
+		if (*s && unlikely(!d_can_lookup(dentry)))
 			return ERR_PTR(-ENOTDIR);
-		}
 
 		nd->path = fd_file(f)->f_path;
 		if (flags & LOOKUP_RCU) {
···
 			path_get(&nd->path);
 			nd->inode = nd->path.dentry->d_inode;
 		}
-		fdput(f);
 	}
 
 	/* For scoped-lookups we need to set the root to the dirfd as well. */

fs/namespace.c

···
 	struct file *file;
 	struct path newmount;
 	struct mount *mnt;
-	struct fd f;
 	unsigned int mnt_flags = 0;
 	long ret;
 
···
 		return -EINVAL;
 	}
 
-	f = fdget(fs_fd);
-	if (!fd_file(f))
+	CLASS(fd, f)(fs_fd);
+	if (fd_empty(f))
 		return -EBADF;
 
-	ret = -EINVAL;
 	if (fd_file(f)->f_op != &fscontext_fops)
-		goto err_fsfd;
+		return -EINVAL;
 
 	fc = fd_file(f)->private_data;
 
 	ret = mutex_lock_interruptible(&fc->uapi_mutex);
 	if (ret < 0)
-		goto err_fsfd;
+		return ret;
 
 	/* There must be a valid superblock or we can't mount it */
 	ret = -EINVAL;
···
 	path_put(&newmount);
 err_unlock:
 	mutex_unlock(&fc->uapi_mutex);
-err_fsfd:
-	fdput(f);
 	return ret;
 }
 
···
 static int build_mount_idmapped(const struct mount_attr *attr, size_t usize,
 				struct mount_kattr *kattr, unsigned int flags)
 {
-	int err = 0;
 	struct ns_common *ns;
 	struct user_namespace *mnt_userns;
-	struct fd f;
 
 	if (!((attr->attr_set | attr->attr_clr) & MOUNT_ATTR_IDMAP))
 		return 0;
···
 	if (attr->userns_fd > INT_MAX)
 		return -EINVAL;
 
-	f = fdget(attr->userns_fd);
-	if (!fd_file(f))
+	CLASS(fd, f)(attr->userns_fd);
+	if (fd_empty(f))
 		return -EBADF;
 
-	if (!proc_ns_file(fd_file(f))) {
-		err = -EINVAL;
-		goto out_fput;
-	}
+	if (!proc_ns_file(fd_file(f)))
+		return -EINVAL;
 
 	ns = get_proc_ns(file_inode(fd_file(f)));
-	if (ns->ops->type != CLONE_NEWUSER) {
-		err = -EINVAL;
-		goto out_fput;
-	}
+	if (ns->ops->type != CLONE_NEWUSER)
+		return -EINVAL;
 
 	/*
 	 * The initial idmapping cannot be used to create an idmapped
···
 	 * result.
 	 */
 	mnt_userns = container_of(ns, struct user_namespace, ns);
-	if (mnt_userns == &init_user_ns) {
-		err = -EPERM;
-		goto out_fput;
-	}
+	if (mnt_userns == &init_user_ns)
+		return -EPERM;
 
 	/* We're not controlling the target namespace. */
-	if (!ns_capable(mnt_userns, CAP_SYS_ADMIN)) {
-		err = -EPERM;
-		goto out_fput;
-	}
+	if (!ns_capable(mnt_userns, CAP_SYS_ADMIN))
+		return -EPERM;
 
 	kattr->mnt_userns = get_user_ns(mnt_userns);
-
-out_fput:
-	fdput(f);
-	return err;
+	return 0;
 }
 
 static int build_mount_kattr(const struct mount_attr *attr, size_t usize,

fs/notify/fanotify/fanotify_user.c

···
 		 dfd, filename, flags);
 
 	if (filename == NULL) {
-		struct fd f = fdget(dfd);
+		CLASS(fd, f)(dfd);
 
-		ret = -EBADF;
-		if (!fd_file(f))
-			goto out;
+		if (fd_empty(f))
+			return -EBADF;
 
-		ret = -ENOTDIR;
 		if ((flags & FAN_MARK_ONLYDIR) &&
-		    !(S_ISDIR(file_inode(fd_file(f))->i_mode))) {
-			fdput(f);
-			goto out;
-		}
+		    !(S_ISDIR(file_inode(fd_file(f))->i_mode)))
+			return -ENOTDIR;
 
 		*path = fd_file(f)->f_path;
 		path_get(path);
-		fdput(f);
 	} else {
 		unsigned int lookup_flags = 0;
 
···
 	struct inode *inode = NULL;
 	struct vfsmount *mnt = NULL;
 	struct fsnotify_group *group;
-	struct fd f;
 	struct path path;
 	struct fan_fsid __fsid, *fsid = NULL;
 	u32 valid_mask = FANOTIFY_EVENTS | FANOTIFY_EVENT_FLAGS;
···
 		umask = FANOTIFY_EVENT_FLAGS;
 	}
 
-	f = fdget(fanotify_fd);
-	if (unlikely(!fd_file(f)))
+	CLASS(fd, f)(fanotify_fd);
+	if (fd_empty(f))
 		return -EBADF;
 
 	/* verify that this is indeed an fanotify instance */
-	ret = -EINVAL;
 	if (unlikely(fd_file(f)->f_op != &fanotify_fops))
-		goto fput_and_out;
+		return -EINVAL;
 	group = fd_file(f)->private_data;
 
 	/*
···
 	 * marks.  This also includes setting up such marks by a group that
 	 * was initialized by an unprivileged user.
 	 */
-	ret = -EPERM;
 	if ((!capable(CAP_SYS_ADMIN) ||
 	     FAN_GROUP_FLAG(group, FANOTIFY_UNPRIV)) &&
 	    mark_type != FAN_MARK_INODE)
-		goto fput_and_out;
+		return -EPERM;
 
 	/*
 	 * Permission events require minimum priority FAN_CLASS_CONTENT.
 	 */
-	ret = -EINVAL;
 	if (mask & FANOTIFY_PERM_EVENTS &&
 	    group->priority < FSNOTIFY_PRIO_CONTENT)
-		goto fput_and_out;
+		return -EINVAL;
 
 	if (mask & FAN_FS_ERROR &&
 	    mark_type != FAN_MARK_FILESYSTEM)
-		goto fput_and_out;
+		return -EINVAL;
 
 	/*
 	 * Evictable is only relevant for inode marks, because only inode object
···
 	 */
 	if (flags & FAN_MARK_EVICTABLE &&
 	     mark_type != FAN_MARK_INODE)
-		goto fput_and_out;
+		return -EINVAL;
 
 	/*
 	 * Events that do not carry enough information to report
···
 	fid_mode = FAN_GROUP_FLAG(group, FANOTIFY_FID_BITS);
 	if (mask & ~(FANOTIFY_FD_EVENTS|FANOTIFY_EVENT_FLAGS) &&
 	    (!fid_mode || mark_type == FAN_MARK_MOUNT))
-		goto fput_and_out;
+		return -EINVAL;
 
 	/*
 	 * FAN_RENAME uses special info type records to report the old and
···
 	 * useful and was not implemented.
 	 */
 	if (mask & FAN_RENAME && !(fid_mode & FAN_REPORT_NAME))
-		goto fput_and_out;
+		return -EINVAL;
 
 	if (mark_cmd == FAN_MARK_FLUSH) {
-		ret = 0;
 		if (mark_type == FAN_MARK_MOUNT)
 			fsnotify_clear_vfsmount_marks_by_group(group);
 		else if (mark_type == FAN_MARK_FILESYSTEM)
 			fsnotify_clear_sb_marks_by_group(group);
 		else
 			fsnotify_clear_inode_marks_by_group(group);
-		goto fput_and_out;
+		return 0;
 	}
 
 	ret = fanotify_find_path(dfd, pathname, &path, flags,
 			(mask & ALL_FSNOTIFY_EVENTS), obj_type);
 	if (ret)
-		goto fput_and_out;
+		return ret;
 
 	if (mark_cmd == FAN_MARK_ADD) {
 		ret = fanotify_events_supported(group, &path, mask, flags);
···
 
 path_put_and_out:
 	path_put(&path);
-fput_and_out:
-	fdput(f);
 	return ret;
 }
 

fs/notify/inotify/inotify_user.c

···
 	struct fsnotify_group *group;
 	struct inode *inode;
 	struct path path;
-	struct fd f;
 	int ret;
 	unsigned flags = 0;
 
···
 	if (unlikely(!(mask & ALL_INOTIFY_BITS)))
 		return -EINVAL;
 
-	f = fdget(fd);
-	if (unlikely(!fd_file(f)))
+	CLASS(fd, f)(fd);
+	if (fd_empty(f))
 		return -EBADF;
 
 	/* IN_MASK_ADD and IN_MASK_CREATE don't make sense together */
-	if (unlikely((mask & IN_MASK_ADD) && (mask & IN_MASK_CREATE))) {
-		ret = -EINVAL;
-		goto fput_and_out;
-	}
+	if (unlikely((mask & IN_MASK_ADD) && (mask & IN_MASK_CREATE)))
+		return -EINVAL;
 
 	/* verify that this is indeed an inotify instance */
-	if (unlikely(fd_file(f)->f_op != &inotify_fops)) {
-		ret = -EINVAL;
-		goto fput_and_out;
-	}
+	if (unlikely(fd_file(f)->f_op != &inotify_fops))
+		return -EINVAL;
 
 	if (!(mask & IN_DONT_FOLLOW))
 		flags |= LOOKUP_FOLLOW;
···
 	ret = inotify_find_inode(pathname, &path, flags,
 			(mask & IN_ALL_EVENTS));
 	if (ret)
-		goto fput_and_out;
+		return ret;
 
 	/* inode held in place by reference to path; group by fget on fd */
 	inode = path.dentry->d_inode;
···
 	/* create/update an inode mark */
 	ret = inotify_update_watch(group, inode, mask);
 	path_put(&path);
-fput_and_out:
-	fdput(f);
 	return ret;
 }
 
···
 {
 	struct fsnotify_group *group;
 	struct inotify_inode_mark *i_mark;
-	struct fd f;
-	int ret = -EINVAL;
+	CLASS(fd, f)(fd);
 
-	f = fdget(fd);
-	if (unlikely(!fd_file(f)))
+	if (fd_empty(f))
 		return -EBADF;
 
 	/* verify that this is indeed an inotify instance */
 	if (unlikely(fd_file(f)->f_op != &inotify_fops))
-		goto out;
+		return -EINVAL;
 
 	group = fd_file(f)->private_data;
 
 	i_mark = inotify_idr_find(group, wd);
 	if (unlikely(!i_mark))
-		goto out;
-
-	ret = 0;
+		return -EINVAL;
 
 	fsnotify_destroy_mark(&i_mark->fsn_mark, group);
 
 	/* match ref taken by inotify_idr_find */
 	fsnotify_put_mark(&i_mark->fsn_mark);
-
-out:
-	fdput(f);
-	return ret;
+	return 0;
 }
 
 /*

fs/ocfs2/cluster/heartbeat.c

···
 	long fd;
 	int sectsize;
 	char *p = (char *)page;
-	struct fd f;
 	ssize_t ret = -EINVAL;
 	int live_threshold;
 
 	if (reg->hr_bdev_file)
-		goto out;
+		return -EINVAL;
 
 	/* We can't heartbeat without having had our node number
 	 * configured yet. */
 	if (o2nm_this_node() == O2NM_MAX_NODES)
-		goto out;
+		return -EINVAL;
 
 	fd = simple_strtol(p, &p, 0);
 	if (!p || (*p && (*p != '\n')))
-		goto out;
+		return -EINVAL;
 
 	if (fd < 0 || fd >= INT_MAX)
-		goto out;
+		return -EINVAL;
 
-	f = fdget(fd);
-	if (fd_file(f) == NULL)
-		goto out;
+	CLASS(fd, f)(fd);
+	if (fd_empty(f))
+		return -EINVAL;
 
 	if (reg->hr_blocks == 0 || reg->hr_start_block == 0 ||
 	    reg->hr_block_bytes == 0)
-		goto out2;
+		return -EINVAL;
 
 	if (!S_ISBLK(fd_file(f)->f_mapping->host->i_mode))
-		goto out2;
+		return -EINVAL;
 
 	reg->hr_bdev_file = bdev_file_open_by_dev(fd_file(f)->f_mapping->host->i_rdev,
 			BLK_OPEN_WRITE | BLK_OPEN_READ, NULL, NULL);
 	if (IS_ERR(reg->hr_bdev_file)) {
 		ret = PTR_ERR(reg->hr_bdev_file);
 		reg->hr_bdev_file = NULL;
-		goto out2;
+		return ret;
 	}
 
 	sectsize = bdev_logical_block_size(reg_bdev(reg));
···
 		fput(reg->hr_bdev_file);
 		reg->hr_bdev_file = NULL;
 	}
-out2:
-	fdput(f);
-out:
 	return ret;
 }
 

fs/open.c

···
 
 long do_sys_ftruncate(unsigned int fd, loff_t length, int small)
 {
-	struct fd f;
-	int error;
-
 	if (length < 0)
 		return -EINVAL;
-	f = fdget(fd);
-	if (!fd_file(f))
+	CLASS(fd, f)(fd);
+	if (fd_empty(f))
 		return -EBADF;
 
-	error = do_ftruncate(fd_file(f), length, small);
-
-	fdput(f);
-	return error;
+	return do_ftruncate(fd_file(f), length, small);
 }
 
 SYSCALL_DEFINE2(ftruncate, unsigned int, fd, off_t, length)
···
 
 int ksys_fallocate(int fd, int mode, loff_t offset, loff_t len)
 {
-	struct fd f = fdget(fd);
-	int error = -EBADF;
+	CLASS(fd, f)(fd);
 
-	if (fd_file(f)) {
-		error = vfs_fallocate(fd_file(f), mode, offset, len);
-		fdput(f);
-	}
-	return error;
+	if (fd_empty(f))
+		return -EBADF;
+
+	return vfs_fallocate(fd_file(f), mode, offset, len);
 }
 
 SYSCALL_DEFINE4(fallocate, int, fd, int, mode, loff_t, offset, loff_t, len)
···
 
 SYSCALL_DEFINE1(fchdir, unsigned int, fd)
 {
-	struct fd f = fdget_raw(fd);
+	CLASS(fd_raw, f)(fd);
 	int error;
 
-	error = -EBADF;
-	if (!fd_file(f))
-		goto out;
+	if (fd_empty(f))
+		return -EBADF;
 
-	error = -ENOTDIR;
 	if (!d_can_lookup(fd_file(f)->f_path.dentry))
-		goto out_putf;
+		return -ENOTDIR;
 
 	error = file_permission(fd_file(f), MAY_EXEC | MAY_CHDIR);
 	if (!error)
 		set_fs_pwd(current->fs, &fd_file(f)->f_path);
-out_putf:
-	fdput(f);
-out:
 	return error;
 }
 
···
 
 SYSCALL_DEFINE2(fchmod, unsigned int, fd, umode_t, mode)
 {
-	struct fd f = fdget(fd);
-	int err = -EBADF;
+	CLASS(fd, f)(fd);
 
-	if (fd_file(f)) {
-		err = vfs_fchmod(fd_file(f), mode);
-		fdput(f);
-	}
-	return err;
+	if (fd_empty(f))
+		return -EBADF;
+
+	return vfs_fchmod(fd_file(f), mode);
 }
 
 static int do_fchmodat(int dfd, const char __user *filename, umode_t mode,
···
 
 int ksys_fchown(unsigned int fd, uid_t user, gid_t group)
 {
-	struct fd f = fdget(fd);
-	int error = -EBADF;
+	CLASS(fd, f)(fd);
 
-	if (fd_file(f)) {
-		error = vfs_fchown(fd_file(f), user, group);
-		fdput(f);
-	}
-	return error;
+	if (fd_empty(f))
+		return -EBADF;
+
+	return vfs_fchown(fd_file(f), user, group);
 }
 
 SYSCALL_DEFINE3(fchown, unsigned int, fd, uid_t, user, gid_t, group)

fs/quota/quota.c

···
 	struct super_block *sb;
 	unsigned int cmds = cmd >> SUBCMDSHIFT;
 	unsigned int type = cmd & SUBCMDMASK;
-	struct fd f;
+	CLASS(fd_raw, f)(fd);
 	int ret;
 
-	f = fdget_raw(fd);
-	if (!fd_file(f))
+	if (fd_empty(f))
 		return -EBADF;
 
-	ret = -EINVAL;
 	if (type >= MAXQUOTAS)
-		goto out;
+		return -EINVAL;
 
 	if (quotactl_cmd_write(cmds)) {
 		ret = mnt_want_write(fd_file(f)->f_path.mnt);
 		if (ret)
-			goto out;
+			return ret;
 	}
 
 	sb = fd_file(f)->f_path.mnt->mnt_sb;
···
 
 	if (quotactl_cmd_write(cmds))
 		mnt_drop_write(fd_file(f)->f_path.mnt);
-out:
-	fdput(f);
 	return ret;
 }

fs/read_write.c

···
 static off_t ksys_lseek(unsigned int fd, off_t offset, unsigned int whence)
 {
 	off_t retval;
-	struct fd f = fdget_pos(fd);
-	if (!fd_file(f))
+	CLASS(fd_pos, f)(fd);
+	if (fd_empty(f))
 		return -EBADF;
 
 	retval = -EINVAL;
···
 		if (res != (loff_t)retval)
 			retval = -EOVERFLOW;	/* LFS: should only happen on 32 bit platforms */
 	}
-	fdput_pos(f);
 	return retval;
 }
 
···
 		unsigned int, whence)
 {
 	int retval;
-	struct fd f = fdget_pos(fd);
+	CLASS(fd_pos, f)(fd);
 	loff_t offset;
 
-	if (!fd_file(f))
+	if (fd_empty(f))
 		return -EBADF;
 
-	retval = -EINVAL;
 	if (whence > SEEK_MAX)
-		goto out_putf;
+		return -EINVAL;
 
 	offset = vfs_llseek(fd_file(f), ((loff_t) offset_high << 32) | offset_low,
 			whence);
···
 		if (!copy_to_user(result, &offset, sizeof(offset)))
 			retval = 0;
 	}
-out_putf:
-	fdput_pos(f);
 	return retval;
 }
 #endif
···
 
 ssize_t ksys_read(unsigned int fd, char __user *buf, size_t count)
 {
-	struct fd f = fdget_pos(fd);
+	CLASS(fd_pos, f)(fd);
 	ssize_t ret = -EBADF;
 
-	if (fd_file(f)) {
+	if (!fd_empty(f)) {
 		loff_t pos, *ppos = file_ppos(fd_file(f));
 		if (ppos) {
 			pos = *ppos;
···
 		ret = vfs_read(fd_file(f), buf, count, ppos);
 		if (ret >= 0 && ppos)
 			fd_file(f)->f_pos = pos;
-		fdput_pos(f);
 	}
 	return ret;
 }
···
 
 ssize_t ksys_write(unsigned int fd, const char __user *buf, size_t count)
 {
-	struct fd f = fdget_pos(fd);
+	CLASS(fd_pos, f)(fd);
 	ssize_t ret = -EBADF;
 
-	if (fd_file(f)) {
+	if (!fd_empty(f)) {
 		loff_t pos, *ppos = file_ppos(fd_file(f));
 		if (ppos) {
 			pos = *ppos;
···
 		ret = vfs_write(fd_file(f), buf, count, ppos);
 		if (ret >= 0 && ppos)
 			fd_file(f)->f_pos = pos;
-		fdput_pos(f);
 	}
 
 	return ret;
···
 ssize_t ksys_pread64(unsigned int fd, char __user *buf, size_t count,
 		     loff_t pos)
 {
-	struct fd f;
-	ssize_t ret = -EBADF;
-
 	if (pos < 0)
 		return -EINVAL;
 
-	f = fdget(fd);
-	if (fd_file(f)) {
-		ret = -ESPIPE;
-		if (fd_file(f)->f_mode & FMODE_PREAD)
-			ret = vfs_read(fd_file(f), buf, count, &pos);
-		fdput(f);
-	}
+	CLASS(fd, f)(fd);
+	if (fd_empty(f))
+		return -EBADF;
 
-	return ret;
+	if (fd_file(f)->f_mode & FMODE_PREAD)
+		return vfs_read(fd_file(f), buf, count, &pos);
+
+	return -ESPIPE;
 }
 
 SYSCALL_DEFINE4(pread64, unsigned int, fd, char __user *, buf,
···
 ssize_t ksys_pwrite64(unsigned int fd, const char __user *buf,
 		      size_t count, loff_t pos)
 {
-	struct fd f;
-	ssize_t ret = -EBADF;
-
 	if (pos < 0)
 		return -EINVAL;
 
-	f = fdget(fd);
-	if (fd_file(f)) {
-		ret = -ESPIPE;
-		if (fd_file(f)->f_mode & FMODE_PWRITE)
-			ret = vfs_write(fd_file(f), buf, count, &pos);
-		fdput(f);
-	}
+	CLASS(fd, f)(fd);
+	if (fd_empty(f))
+		return -EBADF;
 
-	return ret;
+	if (fd_file(f)->f_mode & FMODE_PWRITE)
+		return vfs_write(fd_file(f), buf, count, &pos);
+
+	return -ESPIPE;
 }
 
 SYSCALL_DEFINE4(pwrite64, unsigned int, fd, const char __user *, buf,
···
 static ssize_t do_readv(unsigned long fd, const struct iovec __user *vec,
 			unsigned long vlen, rwf_t flags)
 {
-	struct fd f = fdget_pos(fd);
+	CLASS(fd_pos, f)(fd);
 	ssize_t ret = -EBADF;
 
-	if (fd_file(f)) {
+	if (!fd_empty(f)) {
 		loff_t pos, *ppos = file_ppos(fd_file(f));
 		if (ppos) {
 			pos = *ppos;
···
 		ret = vfs_readv(fd_file(f), vec, vlen, ppos, flags);
 		if (ret >= 0 && ppos)
 			fd_file(f)->f_pos = pos;
-		fdput_pos(f);
 	}
 
 	if (ret > 0)
···
 static ssize_t do_writev(unsigned long fd, const struct iovec __user *vec,
 			 unsigned long vlen, rwf_t flags)
 {
-	struct fd f = fdget_pos(fd);
+	CLASS(fd_pos, f)(fd);
 	ssize_t ret = -EBADF;
 
-	if (fd_file(f)) {
+	if (!fd_empty(f)) {
 		loff_t pos, *ppos = file_ppos(fd_file(f));
 		if (ppos) {
 			pos = *ppos;
···
 		ret = vfs_writev(fd_file(f), vec, vlen, ppos, flags);
 		if (ret >= 0 && ppos)
 			fd_file(f)->f_pos = pos;
-		fdput_pos(f);
 	}
 
 	if (ret > 0)
···
 static ssize_t do_preadv(unsigned long fd, const struct iovec __user *vec,
 			 unsigned long vlen, loff_t pos, rwf_t flags)
 {
-	struct fd f;
 	ssize_t ret = -EBADF;
 
 	if (pos < 0)
 		return -EINVAL;
 
-	f = fdget(fd);
-	if (fd_file(f)) {
+	CLASS(fd, f)(fd);
+	if (!fd_empty(f)) {
 		ret = -ESPIPE;
 		if (fd_file(f)->f_mode & FMODE_PREAD)
 			ret = vfs_readv(fd_file(f), vec, vlen, &pos, flags);
-		fdput(f);
 	}
 
 	if (ret > 0)
···
 static ssize_t do_pwritev(unsigned long fd, const struct iovec __user *vec,
 			  unsigned long vlen, loff_t pos, rwf_t flags)
 {
-	struct fd f;
 	ssize_t ret = -EBADF;
 
 	if (pos < 0)
 		return -EINVAL;
 
-	f = fdget(fd);
-	if (fd_file(f)) {
+	CLASS(fd, f)(fd);
+	if (!fd_empty(f)) {
 		ret = -ESPIPE;
 		if (fd_file(f)->f_mode & FMODE_PWRITE)
 			ret = vfs_writev(fd_file(f), vec, vlen, &pos, flags);
-		fdput(f);
 	}
 
 	if (ret > 0)
···
 static ssize_t do_sendfile(int out_fd, int in_fd, loff_t *ppos,
 			   size_t count, loff_t max)
 {
-	struct fd in, out;
 	struct inode *in_inode, *out_inode;
 	struct pipe_inode_info *opipe;
 	loff_t pos;
···
 	/*
 	 * Get input file, and verify that it is ok..
 	 */
-	retval = -EBADF;
-	in = fdget(in_fd);
-	if (!fd_file(in))
-		goto out;
+	CLASS(fd, in)(in_fd);
+	if (fd_empty(in))
+		return -EBADF;
 	if (!(fd_file(in)->f_mode & FMODE_READ))
-		goto fput_in;
-	retval = -ESPIPE;
+		return -EBADF;
 	if (!ppos) {
 		pos = fd_file(in)->f_pos;
 	} else {
 		pos = *ppos;
 		if (!(fd_file(in)->f_mode & FMODE_PREAD))
-			goto fput_in;
+			return -ESPIPE;
 	}
 	retval = rw_verify_area(READ, fd_file(in), &pos, count);
 	if (retval < 0)
-		goto fput_in;
+		return retval;
 	if (count > MAX_RW_COUNT)
 		count =  MAX_RW_COUNT;
 
 	/*
 	 * Get output file, and verify that it is ok..
 	 */
-	retval = -EBADF;
-	out = fdget(out_fd);
-	if (!fd_file(out))
-		goto fput_in;
+	CLASS(fd, out)(out_fd);
+	if (fd_empty(out))
+		return -EBADF;
 	if (!(fd_file(out)->f_mode & FMODE_WRITE))
-		goto fput_out;
+		return -EBADF;
 	in_inode = file_inode(fd_file(in));
 	out_inode = file_inode(fd_file(out));
 	out_pos = fd_file(out)->f_pos;
···
 		max = min(in_inode->i_sb->s_maxbytes, out_inode->i_sb->s_maxbytes);
 
 	if (unlikely(pos + count > max)) {
-		retval = -EOVERFLOW;
 		if (pos >= max)
-			goto fput_out;
+			return -EOVERFLOW;
 		count = max - pos;
 	}
 
···
 	if (!opipe) {
 		retval = rw_verify_area(WRITE, fd_file(out), &out_pos, count);
 		if (retval < 0)
-			goto fput_out;
+			return retval;
 		retval = do_splice_direct(fd_file(in), &pos, fd_file(out), &out_pos,
 					  count, fl);
 	} else {
···
 	inc_syscw(current);
 	if (pos > max)
 		retval = -EOVERFLOW;
-
-fput_out:
-	fdput(out);
-fput_in:
-	fdput(in);
-out:
 	return retval;
 }
 
···
 {
 	loff_t pos_in;
 	loff_t pos_out;
-	struct fd f_in;
-	struct fd f_out;
 	ssize_t ret = -EBADF;
 
-	f_in = fdget(fd_in);
-	if (!fd_file(f_in))
-		goto out2;
+	CLASS(fd, f_in)(fd_in);
+	if (fd_empty(f_in))
+		return -EBADF;
 
-	f_out = fdget(fd_out);
-	if (!fd_file(f_out))
-		goto out1;
+	CLASS(fd, f_out)(fd_out);
+	if (fd_empty(f_out))
+		return -EBADF;
 
-	ret = -EFAULT;
 	if (off_in) {
 		if (copy_from_user(&pos_in, off_in, sizeof(loff_t)))
-			goto out;
+			return -EFAULT;
 	} else {
 		pos_in = fd_file(f_in)->f_pos;
 	}
 
 	if (off_out) {
 		if (copy_from_user(&pos_out, off_out, sizeof(loff_t)))
-			goto out;
+			return -EFAULT;
 	} else {
 		pos_out = fd_file(f_out)->f_pos;
 	}
 
-	ret = -EINVAL;
 	if (flags != 0)
-		goto out;
+		return -EINVAL;
 
 	ret = vfs_copy_file_range(fd_file(f_in), pos_in, fd_file(f_out), pos_out, len,
 				  flags);
···
 			fd_file(f_out)->f_pos = pos_out;
 		}
 	}
-
-out:
-	fdput(f_out);
-out1:
-	fdput(f_in);
-out2:
 	return ret;
 }
 

fs/readdir.c

···
 		struct old_linux_dirent __user *, dirent, unsigned int, count)
 {
 	int error;
-	struct fd f = fdget_pos(fd);
+	CLASS(fd_pos, f)(fd);
 	struct readdir_callback buf = {
 		.ctx.actor = fillonedir,
 		.dirent = dirent
 	};
 
-	if (!fd_file(f))
+	if (fd_empty(f))
 		return -EBADF;
 
 	error = iterate_dir(fd_file(f), &buf.ctx);
 	if (buf.result)
 		error = buf.result;
 
-	fdput_pos(f);
 	return error;
 }
 
···
 SYSCALL_DEFINE3(getdents, unsigned int, fd,
 		struct linux_dirent __user *, dirent, unsigned int, count)
 {
-	struct fd f;
+	CLASS(fd_pos, f)(fd);
 	struct getdents_callback buf = {
 		.ctx.actor = filldir,
 		.count = count,
···
 	};
 	int error;
 
-	f = fdget_pos(fd);
-	if (!fd_file(f))
+	if (fd_empty(f))
 		return -EBADF;
 
 	error = iterate_dir(fd_file(f), &buf.ctx);
···
 		else
 			error = count - buf.count;
 	}
-	fdput_pos(f);
 	return error;
 }
 
···
 SYSCALL_DEFINE3(getdents64, unsigned int, fd,
 		struct linux_dirent64 __user *, dirent, unsigned int, count)
 {
-	struct fd f;
+	CLASS(fd_pos, f)(fd);
 	struct getdents_callback64 buf = {
 		.ctx.actor = filldir64,
 		.count = count,
···
 	};
 	int error;
 
-	f = fdget_pos(fd);
-	if (!fd_file(f))
+	if (fd_empty(f))
 		return -EBADF;
 
 	error = iterate_dir(fd_file(f), &buf.ctx);
···
 		else
 			error = count - buf.count;
 	}
-	fdput_pos(f);
 	return error;
 }
 
···
 		struct compat_old_linux_dirent __user *, dirent, unsigned int, count)
 {
 	int error;
-	struct fd f = fdget_pos(fd);
+	CLASS(fd_pos, f)(fd);
 	struct compat_readdir_callback buf = {
 		.ctx.actor = compat_fillonedir,
 		.dirent = dirent
 	};
 
-	if (!fd_file(f))
+	if (fd_empty(f))
 		return -EBADF;
 
 	error = iterate_dir(fd_file(f), &buf.ctx);
 	if (buf.result)
 		error = buf.result;
 
-	fdput_pos(f);
 	return error;
 }
 
···
 COMPAT_SYSCALL_DEFINE3(getdents, unsigned int, fd,
 		struct compat_linux_dirent __user *, dirent, unsigned int, count)
 {
-	struct fd f;
+	CLASS(fd_pos, f)(fd);
 	struct compat_getdents_callback buf = {
 		.ctx.actor = compat_filldir,
 		.current_dir = dirent,
···
 	};
 	int error;
 
-	f = fdget_pos(fd);
-	if (!fd_file(f))
+	if (fd_empty(f))
 		return -EBADF;
 
 	error = iterate_dir(fd_file(f), &buf.ctx);
···
 		else
 			error = count - buf.count;
 	}
-	fdput_pos(f);
 	return error;
 }
 #endif

fs/remap_range.c

···
 	}
 
 	for (i = 0, info = same->info; i < count; i++, info++) {
-		struct fd dst_fd = fdget(info->dest_fd);
-		struct file *dst_file = fd_file(dst_fd);
+		CLASS(fd, dst_fd)(info->dest_fd);
 
-		if (!dst_file) {
+		if (fd_empty(dst_fd)) {
 			info->status = -EBADF;
 			goto next_loop;
 		}
 
 		if (info->reserved) {
 			info->status = -EINVAL;
-			goto next_fdput;
+			goto next_loop;
 		}
 
-		deduped = vfs_dedupe_file_range_one(file, off, dst_file,
+		deduped = vfs_dedupe_file_range_one(file, off, fd_file(dst_fd),
 						    info->dest_offset, len,
 						    REMAP_FILE_CAN_SHORTEN);
 		if (deduped == -EBADE)
···
 		else
 			info->bytes_deduped = len;
 
-next_fdput:
-		fdput(dst_fd);
 next_loop:
 		if (fatal_signal_pending(current))
 			break;

fs/select.c

···
 			 EPOLLNVAL)
 #define POLLEX_SET (EPOLLPRI | EPOLLNVAL)
 
-static inline void wait_key_set(poll_table *wait, unsigned long in,
+static inline __poll_t select_poll_one(int fd, poll_table *wait, unsigned long in,
 				unsigned long out, unsigned long bit,
 				__poll_t ll_flag)
 {
+	CLASS(fd, f)(fd);
+
+	if (fd_empty(f))
+		return EPOLLNVAL;
+
 	wait->_key = POLLEX_SET | ll_flag;
 	if (in & bit)
 		wait->_key |= POLLIN_SET;
 	if (out & bit)
 		wait->_key |= POLLOUT_SET;
+
+	return vfs_poll(fd_file(f), wait);
 }
 
 static noinline_for_stack int do_select(int n, fd_set_bits *fds, struct timespec64 *end_time)
···
 			}
 
 			for (j = 0; j < BITS_PER_LONG; ++j, ++i, bit <<= 1) {
-				struct fd f;
 				if (i >= n)
 					break;
 				if (!(bit & all_bits))
 					continue;
-				mask = EPOLLNVAL;
-				f = fdget(i);
-				if (fd_file(f)) {
-					wait_key_set(wait, in, out, bit,
-						     busy_flag);
-					mask = vfs_poll(fd_file(f), wait);
-
-					fdput(f);
-				}
+				mask = select_poll_one(i, wait, in, out, bit,
+						       busy_flag);
 				if ((mask & POLLIN_SET) && (in & bit)) {
 					res_in |= bit;
 					retval++;
···
 				     __poll_t busy_flag)
 {
 	int fd = pollfd->fd;
-	__poll_t mask = 0, filter;
-	struct fd f;
+	__poll_t mask, filter;
 
 	if (fd < 0)
-		goto out;
-	mask = EPOLLNVAL;
-	f = fdget(fd);
-	if (!fd_file(f))
-		goto out;
+		return 0;
+
+	CLASS(fd, f)(fd);
+	if (fd_empty(f))
+		return EPOLLNVAL;
 
 	/* userland u16 ->events contains POLL... bitmap */
 	filter = demangle_poll(pollfd->events) | EPOLLERR | EPOLLHUP;
···
 	mask = vfs_poll(fd_file(f), pwait);
 	if (mask & busy_flag)
 		*can_busy_poll = true;
-	mask &= filter;		/* Mask out unneeded events. */
-	fdput(f);
-
-out:
-	/* ... and so does ->revents */
-	pollfd->revents = mangle_poll(mask);
-	return mask;
+	return mask & filter;		/* Mask out unneeded events. */
 }
 
 static int do_poll(struct poll_list *list, struct poll_wqueues *wait,
···
 			pfd = walk->entries;
 			pfd_end = pfd + walk->len;
 			for (; pfd != pfd_end; pfd++) {
+				__poll_t mask;
 				/*
 				 * Fish for events. If we found one, record it
 				 * and kill poll_table->_qproc, so we don't
···
 				 * this. They'll get immediately deregistered
 				 * when we break out and return.
 				 */
-				if (do_pollfd(pfd, pt, &can_busy_loop,
-					      busy_flag)) {
+				mask = do_pollfd(pfd, pt, &can_busy_loop, busy_flag);
+				pfd->revents = mangle_poll(mask);
+				if (mask) {
 					count++;
 					pt->_qproc = NULL;
 					/* found something, stop busy polling */

fs/signalfd.c

···
 
 		fd_install(ufd, file);
 	} else {
-		struct fd f = fdget(ufd);
-		if (!fd_file(f))
+		CLASS(fd, f)(ufd);
+		if (fd_empty(f))
 			return -EBADF;
 		ctx = fd_file(f)->private_data;
-		if (fd_file(f)->f_op != &signalfd_fops) {
-			fdput(f);
+		if (fd_file(f)->f_op != &signalfd_fops)
 			return -EINVAL;
-		}
 		spin_lock_irq(&current->sighand->siglock);
 		ctx->sigmask = *mask;
 		spin_unlock_irq(&current->sighand->siglock);
 
 		wake_up(&current->sighand->signalfd_wqh);
-		fdput(f);
 	}
 
 	return ufd;

fs/smb/client/ioctl.c

···
 			unsigned long srcfd)
 {
 	int rc;
-	struct fd src_file;
 	struct inode *src_inode;
 
 	cifs_dbg(FYI, "ioctl copychunk range\n");
···
 		return rc;
 	}
 
-	src_file = fdget(srcfd);
-	if (!fd_file(src_file)) {
+	CLASS(fd, src_file)(srcfd);
+	if (fd_empty(src_file)) {
 		rc = -EBADF;
 		goto out_drop_write;
 	}
···
 	if (fd_file(src_file)->f_op->unlocked_ioctl != cifs_ioctl) {
 		rc = -EBADF;
 		cifs_dbg(VFS, "src file seems to be from a different filesystem type\n");
-		goto out_fput;
+		goto out_drop_write;
 	}
 
 	src_inode = file_inode(fd_file(src_file));
 	rc = -EINVAL;
 	if (S_ISDIR(src_inode->i_mode))
-		goto out_fput;
+		goto out_drop_write;
 
 	rc = cifs_file_copychunk_range(xid, fd_file(src_file), 0, dst_file, 0,
 					src_inode->i_size, 0);
 	if (rc > 0)
 		rc = 0;
-out_fput:
-	fdput(src_file);
 out_drop_write:
 	mnt_drop_write_file(dst_file);
 	return rc;

fs/splice.c

···
 	return ret;
 }
 
-static int vmsplice_type(struct fd f, int *type)
-{
-	if (!fd_file(f))
-		return -EBADF;
-	if (fd_file(f)->f_mode & FMODE_WRITE) {
-		*type = ITER_SOURCE;
-	} else if (fd_file(f)->f_mode & FMODE_READ) {
-		*type = ITER_DEST;
-	} else {
-		fdput(f);
-		return -EBADF;
-	}
-	return 0;
-}
-
 /*
  * Note that vmsplice only really supports true splicing _from_ user memory
  * to a pipe, not the other way around. Splicing from user memory is a simple
···
 	struct iovec *iov = iovstack;
 	struct iov_iter iter;
 	ssize_t error;
-	struct fd f;
 	int type;
 
 	if (unlikely(flags & ~SPLICE_F_ALL))
 		return -EINVAL;
 
-	f = fdget(fd);
-	error = vmsplice_type(f, &type);
-	if (error)
-		return error;
+	CLASS(fd, f)(fd);
+	if (fd_empty(f))
+		return -EBADF;
+	if (fd_file(f)->f_mode & FMODE_WRITE)
+		type = ITER_SOURCE;
+	else if (fd_file(f)->f_mode & FMODE_READ)
+		type = ITER_DEST;
+	else
+		return -EBADF;
 
 	error = import_iovec(type, uiov, nr_segs,
 			     ARRAY_SIZE(iovstack), &iov, &iter);
 	if (error < 0)
-		goto out_fdput;
+		return error;
 
 	if (!iov_iter_count(&iter))
 		error = 0;
···
 		error = vmsplice_to_user(fd_file(f), &iter, flags);
 
 	kfree(iov);
-out_fdput:
-	fdput(f);
 	return error;
 }
 
···
 		int, fd_out, loff_t __user *, off_out,
 		size_t, len, unsigned int, flags)
 {
-	struct fd in, out;
-	ssize_t error;
-
 	if (unlikely(!len))
 		return 0;
 
 	if (unlikely(flags & ~SPLICE_F_ALL))
 		return -EINVAL;
 
-	error = -EBADF;
-	in = fdget(fd_in);
-	if (fd_file(in)) {
-		out = fdget(fd_out);
-		if (fd_file(out)) {
-			error = __do_splice(fd_file(in), off_in, fd_file(out), off_out,
+	CLASS(fd, in)(fd_in);
+	if (fd_empty(in))
+		return -EBADF;
+
+	CLASS(fd, out)(fd_out);
+	if (fd_empty(out))
+		return -EBADF;
+
+	return __do_splice(fd_file(in), off_in, fd_file(out), off_out,
 					    len, flags);
-			fdput(out);
-		}
-		fdput(in);
-	}
-	return error;
 }
 
 /*
···
 
 SYSCALL_DEFINE4(tee, int, fdin, int, fdout, size_t, len, unsigned int, flags)
 {
-	struct fd in, out;
-	ssize_t error;
-
 	if (unlikely(flags & ~SPLICE_F_ALL))
 		return -EINVAL;
 
 	if (unlikely(!len))
 		return 0;
 
-	error = -EBADF;
-	in = fdget(fdin);
-	if (fd_file(in)) {
-		out = fdget(fdout);
-		if (fd_file(out)) {
-			error = do_tee(fd_file(in), fd_file(out), len, flags);
-			fdput(out);
-		}
- 		fdput(in);
- 	}
+	CLASS(fd, in)(fdin);
+	if (fd_empty(in))
+		return -EBADF;
 
-	return error;
+	CLASS(fd, out)(fdout);
+	if (fd_empty(out))
+		return -EBADF;
+
+	return do_tee(fd_file(in), fd_file(out), len, flags);
 }

fs/statfs.c

···
 
 int fd_statfs(int fd, struct kstatfs *st)
 {
-	struct fd f = fdget_raw(fd);
-	int error = -EBADF;
-	if (fd_file(f)) {
-		error = vfs_statfs(&fd_file(f)->f_path, st);
-		fdput(f);
-	}
-	return error;
+	CLASS(fd_raw, f)(fd);
+
+	if (fd_empty(f))
+		return -EBADF;
+	return vfs_statfs(&fd_file(f)->f_path, st);
 }
 
 static int do_statfs_native(struct kstatfs *st, struct statfs __user *p)

fs/sync.c

···
  */
 SYSCALL_DEFINE1(syncfs, int, fd)
 {
-	struct fd f = fdget(fd);
+	CLASS(fd, f)(fd);
 	struct super_block *sb;
 	int ret, ret2;
 
-	if (!fd_file(f))
+	if (fd_empty(f))
 		return -EBADF;
 	sb = fd_file(f)->f_path.dentry->d_sb;
 
···
 
 	ret2 = errseq_check_and_advance(&sb->s_wb_err, &fd_file(f)->f_sb_err);
 
-	fdput(f);
 	return ret ? ret : ret2;
 }
 
···
 
 static int do_fsync(unsigned int fd, int datasync)
 {
-	struct fd f = fdget(fd);
-	int ret = -EBADF;
+	CLASS(fd, f)(fd);
 
-	if (fd_file(f)) {
-		ret = vfs_fsync(fd_file(f), datasync);
-		fdput(f);
-	}
-	return ret;
+	if (fd_empty(f))
+		return -EBADF;
+
+	return vfs_fsync(fd_file(f), datasync);
 }
 
 SYSCALL_DEFINE1(fsync, unsigned int, fd)
···
 int ksys_sync_file_range(int fd, loff_t offset, loff_t nbytes,
 			 unsigned int flags)
 {
-	int ret;
-	struct fd f;
+	CLASS(fd, f)(fd);
 
-	ret = -EBADF;
-	f = fdget(fd);
-	if (fd_file(f))
-		ret = sync_file_range(fd_file(f), offset, nbytes, flags);
+	if (fd_empty(f))
+		return -EBADF;
 
-	fdput(f);
-	return ret;
+	return sync_file_range(fd_file(f), offset, nbytes, flags);
 }
 
 SYSCALL_DEFINE4(sync_file_range, int, fd, loff_t, offset, loff_t, nbytes,

fs/timerfd.c

···
 	.unlocked_ioctl	= timerfd_ioctl,
 };
 
-static int timerfd_fget(int fd, struct fd *p)
-{
-	struct fd f = fdget(fd);
-	if (!fd_file(f))
-		return -EBADF;
-	if (fd_file(f)->f_op != &timerfd_fops) {
-		fdput(f);
-		return -EINVAL;
-	}
-	*p = f;
-	return 0;
-}
-
 SYSCALL_DEFINE2(timerfd_create, int, clockid, int, flags)
 {
 	int ufd;
···
 		const struct itimerspec64 *new,
 		struct itimerspec64 *old)
 {
-	struct fd f;
 	struct timerfd_ctx *ctx;
 	int ret;
 
···
 		 !itimerspec64_valid(new))
 		return -EINVAL;
 
-	ret = timerfd_fget(ufd, &f);
-	if (ret)
-		return ret;
+	CLASS(fd, f)(ufd);
+	if (fd_empty(f))
+		return -EBADF;
+
+	if (fd_file(f)->f_op != &timerfd_fops)
+		return -EINVAL;
+
 	ctx = fd_file(f)->private_data;
 
-	if (isalarm(ctx) && !capable(CAP_WAKE_ALARM)) {
-		fdput(f);
+	if (isalarm(ctx) && !capable(CAP_WAKE_ALARM))
 		return -EPERM;
-	}
 
 	timerfd_setup_cancel(ctx, flags);
 
···
 	ret = timerfd_setup(ctx, flags, new);
 
 	spin_unlock_irq(&ctx->wqh.lock);
-	fdput(f);
 	return ret;
 }
 
 static int do_timerfd_gettime(int ufd, struct itimerspec64 *t)
 {
-	struct fd f;
 	struct timerfd_ctx *ctx;
-	int ret = timerfd_fget(ufd, &f);
-	if (ret)
-		return ret;
+	CLASS(fd, f)(ufd);
+
+	if (fd_empty(f))
+		return -EBADF;
+	if (fd_file(f)->f_op != &timerfd_fops)
+		return -EINVAL;
 	ctx = fd_file(f)->private_data;
 
 	spin_lock_irq(&ctx->wqh.lock);
···
 	t->it_value = ktime_to_timespec64(timerfd_get_remaining(ctx));
 	t->it_interval = ktime_to_timespec64(ctx->tintv);
 	spin_unlock_irq(&ctx->wqh.lock);
-	fdput(f);
 	return 0;
 }
 

fs/utimes.c

···
 
 static int do_utimes_fd(int fd, struct timespec64 *times, int flags)
 {
-	struct fd f;
-	int error;
-
 	if (flags)
 		return -EINVAL;
 
-	f = fdget(fd);
-	if (!fd_file(f))
+	CLASS(fd, f)(fd);
+	if (fd_empty(f))
 		return -EBADF;
-	error = vfs_utimes(&fd_file(f)->f_path, times);
-	fdput(f);
-	return error;
+	return vfs_utimes(&fd_file(f)->f_path, times);
 }
 
 /*

fs/xfs/xfs_exchrange.c

···
 		.file2			= file,
 	};
 	struct xfs_exchange_range	args;
-	struct fd			file1;
-	int				error;
 
 	if (copy_from_user(&args, argp, sizeof(args)))
 		return -EFAULT;
···
 	fxr.length		= args.length;
 	fxr.flags		= args.flags;
 
-	file1 = fdget(args.file1_fd);
-	if (!fd_file(file1))
+	CLASS(fd, file1)(args.file1_fd);
+	if (fd_empty(file1))
 		return -EBADF;
 	fxr.file1 = fd_file(file1);
 
-	error = xfs_exchange_range(&fxr);
-	fdput(file1);
-	return error;
+	return xfs_exchange_range(&fxr);
 }
 
 /* Opaque freshness blob for XFS_IOC_COMMIT_RANGE */
···
 	struct xfs_commit_range_fresh	*kern_f;
 	struct xfs_inode		*ip2 = XFS_I(file_inode(file));
 	struct xfs_mount		*mp = ip2->i_mount;
-	struct fd			file1;
-	int				error;
 
 	kern_f = (struct xfs_commit_range_fresh *)&args.file2_freshness;
 
···
 	fxr.file2_ctime.tv_sec	= kern_f->file2_ctime;
 	fxr.file2_ctime.tv_nsec	= kern_f->file2_ctime_nsec;
 
-	file1 = fdget(args.file1_fd);
+	CLASS(fd, file1)(args.file1_fd);
 	if (fd_empty(file1))
 		return -EBADF;
 	fxr.file1 = fd_file(file1);
 
-	error = xfs_exchange_range(&fxr);
-	fdput(file1);
-	return error;
+	return xfs_exchange_range(&fxr);
 }

fs/xfs/xfs_handle.c

···
 	int			hsize;
 	xfs_handle_t		handle;
 	struct inode		*inode;
-	struct fd		f = EMPTY_FD;
 	struct path		path;
 	int			error;
 	struct xfs_inode	*ip;
 
 	if (cmd == XFS_IOC_FD_TO_HANDLE) {
-		f = fdget(hreq->fd);
-		if (!fd_file(f))
+		CLASS(fd, f)(hreq->fd);
+
+		if (fd_empty(f))
 			return -EBADF;
-		inode = file_inode(fd_file(f));
+		path = fd_file(f)->f_path;
+		path_get(&path);
 	} else {
 		error = user_path_at(AT_FDCWD, hreq->path, 0, &path);
 		if (error)
 			return error;
-		inode = d_inode(path.dentry);
 	}
+	inode = d_inode(path.dentry);
 	ip = XFS_I(inode);
 
 	/*
···
 	error = 0;
 
  out_put:
-	if (cmd == XFS_IOC_FD_TO_HANDLE)
-		fdput(f);
-	else
-		path_put(&path);
+	path_put(&path);
 	return error;
 }
 

fs/xfs/xfs_ioctl.c

···
 	xfs_swapext_t	*sxp)
 {
 	xfs_inode_t     *ip, *tip;
-	struct fd	f, tmp;
-	int		error = 0;
 
 	/* Pull information for the target fd */
-	f = fdget((int)sxp->sx_fdtarget);
-	if (!fd_file(f)) {
-		error = -EINVAL;
-		goto out;
-	}
+	CLASS(fd, f)((int)sxp->sx_fdtarget);
+	if (fd_empty(f))
+		return -EINVAL;
 
 	if (!(fd_file(f)->f_mode & FMODE_WRITE) ||
 	    !(fd_file(f)->f_mode & FMODE_READ) ||
-	    (fd_file(f)->f_flags & O_APPEND)) {
-		error = -EBADF;
-		goto out_put_file;
-	}
+	    (fd_file(f)->f_flags & O_APPEND))
+		return -EBADF;
 
-	tmp = fdget((int)sxp->sx_fdtmp);
-	if (!fd_file(tmp)) {
-		error = -EINVAL;
-		goto out_put_file;
-	}
+	CLASS(fd, tmp)((int)sxp->sx_fdtmp);
+	if (fd_empty(tmp))
+		return -EINVAL;
 
 	if (!(fd_file(tmp)->f_mode & FMODE_WRITE) ||
 	    !(fd_file(tmp)->f_mode & FMODE_READ) ||
-	    (fd_file(tmp)->f_flags & O_APPEND)) {
-		error = -EBADF;
-		goto out_put_tmp_file;
-	}
+	    (fd_file(tmp)->f_flags & O_APPEND))
+		return -EBADF;
 
 	if (IS_SWAPFILE(file_inode(fd_file(f))) ||
-	    IS_SWAPFILE(file_inode(fd_file(tmp)))) {
-		error = -EINVAL;
-		goto out_put_tmp_file;
-	}
+	    IS_SWAPFILE(file_inode(fd_file(tmp))))
+		return -EINVAL;
 
 	/*
 	 * We need to ensure that the fds passed in point to XFS inodes
···
 	 * control over what the user passes us here.
 	 */
 	if (fd_file(f)->f_op != &xfs_file_operations ||
-	    fd_file(tmp)->f_op != &xfs_file_operations) {
-		error = -EINVAL;
-		goto out_put_tmp_file;
-	}
+	    fd_file(tmp)->f_op != &xfs_file_operations)
+		return -EINVAL;
 
 	ip = XFS_I(file_inode(fd_file(f)));
 	tip = XFS_I(file_inode(fd_file(tmp)));
 
-	if (ip->i_mount != tip->i_mount) {
-		error = -EINVAL;
-		goto out_put_tmp_file;
-	}
+	if (ip->i_mount != tip->i_mount)
+		return -EINVAL;
 
-	if (ip->i_ino == tip->i_ino) {
-		error = -EINVAL;
-		goto out_put_tmp_file;
-	}
+	if (ip->i_ino == tip->i_ino)
+		return -EINVAL;
 
-	if (xfs_is_shutdown(ip->i_mount)) {
-		error = -EIO;
-		goto out_put_tmp_file;
-	}
+	if (xfs_is_shutdown(ip->i_mount))
+		return -EIO;
 
-	error = xfs_swap_extents(ip, tip, sxp);
-
- out_put_tmp_file:
-	fdput(tmp);
- out_put_file:
-	fdput(f);
- out:
-	return error;
+	return xfs_swap_extents(ip, tip, sxp);
 }
 
 static int

include/linux/cleanup.h

···
  * DEFINE_CLASS(fdget, struct fd, fdput(_T), fdget(fd), int fd)
  *
  *	CLASS(fdget, f)(fd);
- *	if (!fd_file(f))
+ *	if (fd_empty(f))
  *		return -EBADF;
  *
  *	// use 'f' without concern

include/linux/file.h

···
 extern struct file *alloc_file_clone(struct file *, int flags,
 	const struct file_operations *);
 
-static inline void fput_light(struct file *file, int fput_needed)
-{
-	if (fput_needed)
-		fput(file);
-}
-
 /* either a reference to struct file + flags
  * (cloned vs. borrowed, pos locked), with
  * flags stored in lower bits of value,
···
 
 DEFINE_CLASS(fd, struct fd, fdput(_T), fdget(fd), int fd)
 DEFINE_CLASS(fd_raw, struct fd, fdput(_T), fdget_raw(fd), int fd)
+DEFINE_CLASS(fd_pos, struct fd, fdput_pos(_T), fdget_pos(fd), int fd)
 
 extern int f_dupfd(unsigned int from, struct file *file, unsigned flags);
 extern int replace_fd(unsigned fd, struct file *file, unsigned flags);

include/linux/netlink.h

···
 int netlink_unregister_notifier(struct notifier_block *nb);
 
 /* finegrained unicast helpers: */
-struct sock *netlink_getsockbyfilp(struct file *filp);
+struct sock *netlink_getsockbyfd(int fd);
 int netlink_attachskb(struct sock *sk, struct sk_buff *skb,
 		      long *timeo, struct sock *ssk);
 void netlink_detachskb(struct sock *sk, struct sk_buff *skb);

io_uring/sqpoll.c

···
 {
 	struct io_ring_ctx *ctx_attach;
 	struct io_sq_data *sqd;
-	struct fd f;
+	CLASS(fd, f)(p->wq_fd);
 
-	f = fdget(p->wq_fd);
-	if (!fd_file(f))
+	if (fd_empty(f))
 		return ERR_PTR(-ENXIO);
-	if (!io_is_uring_fops(fd_file(f))) {
-		fdput(f);
+	if (!io_is_uring_fops(fd_file(f)))
 		return ERR_PTR(-EINVAL);
-	}
 
 	ctx_attach = fd_file(f)->private_data;
 	sqd = ctx_attach->sq_data;
-	if (!sqd) {
-		fdput(f);
+	if (!sqd)
 		return ERR_PTR(-EINVAL);
-	}
-	if (sqd->task_tgid != current->tgid) {
-		fdput(f);
+	if (sqd->task_tgid != current->tgid)
 		return ERR_PTR(-EPERM);
-	}
 
 	refcount_inc(&sqd->refs);
-	fdput(f);
 	return sqd;
 }
 
···
 	/* Retain compatibility with failing for an invalid attach attempt */
 	if ((ctx->flags & (IORING_SETUP_ATTACH_WQ | IORING_SETUP_SQPOLL)) ==
 				IORING_SETUP_ATTACH_WQ) {
-		struct fd f;
-
-		f = fdget(p->wq_fd);
-		if (!fd_file(f))
+		CLASS(fd, f)(p->wq_fd);
+		if (fd_empty(f))
 			return -ENXIO;
-		if (!io_is_uring_fops(fd_file(f))) {
-			fdput(f);
+		if (!io_is_uring_fops(fd_file(f)))
 			return -EINVAL;
-		}
-		fdput(f);
 	}
 	if (ctx->flags & IORING_SETUP_SQPOLL) {
 		struct task_struct *tsk;

ipc/mqueue.c

···
 		size_t msg_len, unsigned int msg_prio,
 		struct timespec64 *ts)
 {
-	struct fd f;
 	struct inode *inode;
 	struct ext_wait_queue wait;
 	struct ext_wait_queue *receiver;
···
 
 	audit_mq_sendrecv(mqdes, msg_len, msg_prio, ts);
 
-	f = fdget(mqdes);
-	if (unlikely(!fd_file(f))) {
-		ret = -EBADF;
-		goto out;
-	}
+	CLASS(fd, f)(mqdes);
+	if (fd_empty(f))
+		return -EBADF;
 
 	inode = file_inode(fd_file(f));
-	if (unlikely(fd_file(f)->f_op != &mqueue_file_operations)) {
-		ret = -EBADF;
-		goto out_fput;
-	}
+	if (unlikely(fd_file(f)->f_op != &mqueue_file_operations))
+		return -EBADF;
 	info = MQUEUE_I(inode);
 	audit_file(fd_file(f));
 
-	if (unlikely(!(fd_file(f)->f_mode & FMODE_WRITE))) {
-		ret = -EBADF;
-		goto out_fput;
-	}
+	if (unlikely(!(fd_file(f)->f_mode & FMODE_WRITE)))
+		return -EBADF;
 
-	if (unlikely(msg_len > info->attr.mq_msgsize)) {
-		ret = -EMSGSIZE;
-		goto out_fput;
-	}
+	if (unlikely(msg_len > info->attr.mq_msgsize))
+		return -EMSGSIZE;
 
 	/* First try to allocate memory, before doing anything with
 	 * existing queues. */
 	msg_ptr = load_msg(u_msg_ptr, msg_len);
-	if (IS_ERR(msg_ptr)) {
-		ret = PTR_ERR(msg_ptr);
-		goto out_fput;
-	}
+	if (IS_ERR(msg_ptr))
+		return PTR_ERR(msg_ptr);
 	msg_ptr->m_ts = msg_len;
 	msg_ptr->m_type = msg_prio;
 
···
 out_free:
 	if (ret)
 		free_msg(msg_ptr);
-out_fput:
-	fdput(f);
-out:
 	return ret;
 }
 
···
 {
 	ssize_t ret;
 	struct msg_msg *msg_ptr;
-	struct fd f;
 	struct inode *inode;
 	struct mqueue_inode_info *info;
 	struct ext_wait_queue wait;
···
 
 	audit_mq_sendrecv(mqdes, msg_len, 0, ts);
 
-	f = fdget(mqdes);
-	if (unlikely(!fd_file(f))) {
-		ret = -EBADF;
-		goto out;
-	}
+	CLASS(fd, f)(mqdes);
+	if (fd_empty(f))
+		return -EBADF;
 
 	inode = file_inode(fd_file(f));
-	if (unlikely(fd_file(f)->f_op != &mqueue_file_operations)) {
-		ret = -EBADF;
-		goto out_fput;
-	}
+	if (unlikely(fd_file(f)->f_op != &mqueue_file_operations))
+		return -EBADF;
 	info = MQUEUE_I(inode);
 	audit_file(fd_file(f));
 
-	if (unlikely(!(fd_file(f)->f_mode & FMODE_READ))) {
-		ret = -EBADF;
-		goto out_fput;
-	}
+	if (unlikely(!(fd_file(f)->f_mode & FMODE_READ)))
+		return -EBADF;
 
 	/* checks if buffer is big enough */
-	if (unlikely(msg_len < info->attr.mq_msgsize)) {
-		ret = -EMSGSIZE;
-		goto out_fput;
-	}
+	if (unlikely(msg_len < info->attr.mq_msgsize))
+		return -EMSGSIZE;
 
 	/*
 	 * msg_insert really wants us to have a valid, spare node struct so
···
 		}
 		free_msg(msg_ptr);
 	}
-out_fput:
-	fdput(f);
-out:
 	return ret;
 }
 
···
 static int do_mq_notify(mqd_t mqdes, const struct sigevent *notification)
 {
 	int ret;
-	struct fd f;
 	struct sock *sock;
 	struct inode *inode;
 	struct mqueue_inode_info *info;
···
 			if (copy_from_user(nc->data,
 					notification->sigev_value.sival_ptr,
 					NOTIFY_COOKIE_LEN)) {
-				ret = -EFAULT;
-				goto free_skb;
+				kfree_skb(nc);
+				return -EFAULT;
 			}
 
 			/* TODO: add a header? */
 			skb_put(nc, NOTIFY_COOKIE_LEN);
 			/* and attach it to the socket */
 retry:
-			f = fdget(notification->sigev_signo);
-			if (!fd_file(f)) {
-				ret = -EBADF;
-				goto out;
-			}
-			sock = netlink_getsockbyfilp(fd_file(f));
-			fdput(f);
+			sock = netlink_getsockbyfd(notification->sigev_signo);
 			if (IS_ERR(sock)) {
-				ret = PTR_ERR(sock);
-				goto free_skb;
+				kfree_skb(nc);
+				return PTR_ERR(sock);
 			}
 
 			timeo = MAX_SCHEDULE_TIMEOUT;
 			ret = netlink_attachskb(sock, nc, &timeo, NULL);
-			if (ret == 1) {
-				sock = NULL;
+			if (ret == 1)
 				goto retry;
-			}
 			if (ret)
 				return ret;
 		}
 	}
 
-	f = fdget(mqdes);
-	if (!fd_file(f)) {
+	CLASS(fd, f)(mqdes);
+	if (fd_empty(f)) {
 		ret = -EBADF;
 		goto out;
 	}
···
 	inode = file_inode(fd_file(f));
 	if (unlikely(fd_file(f)->f_op != &mqueue_file_operations)) {
 		ret = -EBADF;
-		goto out_fput;
+		goto out;
 	}
 	info = MQUEUE_I(inode);
 
···
 		inode_set_atime_to_ts(inode, inode_set_ctime_current(inode));
 	}
 	spin_unlock(&info->lock);
-out_fput:
-	fdput(f);
 out:
 	if (sock)
 		netlink_detachskb(sock, nc);
-	else
-free_skb:
-		dev_kfree_skb(nc);
-
 	return ret;
 }
 
···
 
 static int do_mq_getsetattr(int mqdes, struct mq_attr *new, struct mq_attr *old)
 {
-	struct fd f;
 	struct inode *inode;
 	struct mqueue_inode_info *info;
 
 	if (new && (new->mq_flags & (~O_NONBLOCK)))
 		return -EINVAL;
 
-	f = fdget(mqdes);
-	if (!fd_file(f))
+	CLASS(fd, f)(mqdes);
+	if (fd_empty(f))
 		return -EBADF;
 
-	if (unlikely(fd_file(f)->f_op != &mqueue_file_operations)) {
-		fdput(f);
+	if (unlikely(fd_file(f)->f_op != &mqueue_file_operations))
 		return -EBADF;
-	}
 
 	inode = file_inode(fd_file(f));
 	info = MQUEUE_I(inode);
···
 	}
 
 	spin_unlock(&info->lock);
-	fdput(f);
 	return 0;
 }
 

kernel/cgroup/cgroup.c

···
 	struct cgroup *dst_cgrp = NULL;
 	struct css_set *cset;
 	struct super_block *sb;
-	struct file *f;
 
 	if (kargs->flags & CLONE_INTO_CGROUP)
 		cgroup_lock();
···
 		return 0;
 	}
 
-	f = fget_raw(kargs->cgroup);
-	if (!f) {
+	CLASS(fd_raw, f)(kargs->cgroup);
+	if (fd_empty(f)) {
 		ret = -EBADF;
 		goto err;
 	}
-	sb = f->f_path.dentry->d_sb;
+	sb = fd_file(f)->f_path.dentry->d_sb;
 
-	dst_cgrp = cgroup_get_from_file(f);
+	dst_cgrp = cgroup_get_from_file(fd_file(f));
 	if (IS_ERR(dst_cgrp)) {
 		ret = PTR_ERR(dst_cgrp);
 		dst_cgrp = NULL;
···
 	}
 
 	put_css_set(cset);
-	fput(f);
 	kargs->cgrp = dst_cgrp;
 	return ret;
 
 err:
 	cgroup_threadgroup_change_end(current);
 	cgroup_unlock();
-	if (f)
-		fput(f);
 	if (dst_cgrp)
 		cgroup_put(dst_cgrp);
 	put_css_set(cset);
···
  */
 struct cgroup *cgroup_v1v2_get_from_fd(int fd)
 {
-	struct cgroup *cgrp;
-	struct fd f = fdget_raw(fd);
-	if (!fd_file(f))
+	CLASS(fd_raw, f)(fd);
+	if (fd_empty(f))
 		return ERR_PTR(-EBADF);
 
-	cgrp = cgroup_v1v2_get_from_file(fd_file(f));
-	fdput(f);
-	return cgrp;
+	return cgroup_v1v2_get_from_file(fd_file(f));
 }
 
 /**

kernel/events/core.c

···
 {
 	struct perf_cgroup *cgrp;
 	struct cgroup_subsys_state *css;
-	struct fd f = fdget(fd);
+	CLASS(fd, f)(fd);
 	int ret = 0;
 
-	if (!fd_file(f))
+	if (fd_empty(f))
 		return -EBADF;
 
 	css = css_tryget_online_from_dir(fd_file(f)->f_path.dentry,
 					 &perf_event_cgrp_subsys);
-	if (IS_ERR(css)) {
-		ret = PTR_ERR(css);
-		goto out;
-	}
+	if (IS_ERR(css))
+		return PTR_ERR(css);
 
 	ret = perf_cgroup_ensure_storage(event, css);
 	if (ret)
-		goto out;
+		return ret;
 
 	cgrp = container_of(css, struct perf_cgroup, css);
 	event->cgrp = cgrp;
···
 		perf_detach_cgroup(event);
 		ret = -EINVAL;
 	}
-out:
-	fdput(f);
 	return ret;
 }
 
···
 
 static const struct file_operations perf_fops;
 
-static inline int perf_fget_light(int fd, struct fd *p)
+static inline bool is_perf_file(struct fd f)
 {
-	struct fd f = fdget(fd);
-	if (!fd_file(f))
-		return -EBADF;
-
-	if (fd_file(f)->f_op != &perf_fops) {
-		fdput(f);
-		return -EBADF;
-	}
-	*p = f;
-	return 0;
+	return !fd_empty(f) && fd_file(f)->f_op == &perf_fops;
 }
 
 static int perf_event_set_output(struct perf_event *event,
···
 
 	case PERF_EVENT_IOC_SET_OUTPUT:
 	{
-		int ret;
+		CLASS(fd, output)(arg);	     // arg == -1 => empty
+		struct perf_event *output_event = NULL;
 		if (arg != -1) {
-			struct perf_event *output_event;
-			struct fd output;
-			ret = perf_fget_light(arg, &output);
-			if (ret)
-				return ret;
+			if (!is_perf_file(output))
+				return -EBADF;
 			output_event = fd_file(output)->private_data;
-			ret = perf_event_set_output(event, output_event);
-			fdput(output);
-		} else {
-			ret = perf_event_set_output(event, NULL);
 		}
-		return ret;
+		return perf_event_set_output(event, output_event);
 	}
 
 	case PERF_EVENT_IOC_SET_FILTER:
···
 	struct perf_event_attr attr;
 	struct perf_event_context *ctx;
 	struct file *event_file = NULL;
-	struct fd group = EMPTY_FD;
 	struct task_struct *task = NULL;
 	struct pmu *pmu;
 	int event_fd;
···
 	if (event_fd < 0)
 		return event_fd;
 
+	CLASS(fd, group)(group_fd);     // group_fd == -1 => empty
 	if (group_fd != -1) {
-		err = perf_fget_light(group_fd, &group);
-		if (err)
+		if (!is_perf_file(group)) {
+			err = -EBADF;
 			goto err_fd;
+		}
 		group_leader = fd_file(group)->private_data;
 		if (flags & PERF_FLAG_FD_OUTPUT)
 			output_event = group_leader;
···
 		task = find_lively_task_by_vpid(pid);
 		if (IS_ERR(task)) {
 			err = PTR_ERR(task);
-			goto err_group_fd;
+			goto err_fd;
 		}
 	}
 
···
 	mutex_unlock(&current->perf_event_mutex);
 
 	/*
-	 * Drop the reference on the group_event after placing the
-	 * new event on the sibling_list. This ensures destruction
-	 * of the group leader will find the pointer to itself in
-	 * perf_group_detach().
+	 * File reference in group guarantees that group_leader has been
+	 * kept alive until we place the new event on the sibling_list.
+	 * This ensures destruction of the group leader will find
+	 * the pointer to itself in perf_group_detach().
 	 */
-	fdput(group);
 	fd_install(event_fd, event_file);
 	return event_fd;
 
···
 err_task:
 	if (task)
 		put_task_struct(task);
-err_group_fd:
-	fdput(group);
 err_fd:
 	put_unused_fd(event_fd);
 	return err;

kernel/module/main.c

···
 {
 	struct idempotent idem;
 
-	if (!f || !(f->f_mode & FMODE_READ))
+	if (!(f->f_mode & FMODE_READ))
 		return -EBADF;
 
 	/* Are we the winners of the race and get to do this? */
···
 
 SYSCALL_DEFINE3(finit_module, int, fd, const char __user *, uargs, int, flags)
 {
-	int err;
-	struct fd f;
-
-	err = may_init_module();
+	int err = may_init_module();
 	if (err)
 		return err;
 
···
 		      |MODULE_INIT_COMPRESSED_FILE))
 		return -EINVAL;
 
-	f = fdget(fd);
-	err = idempotent_init_module(fd_file(f), uargs, flags);
-	fdput(f);
-	return err;
+	CLASS(fd, f)(fd);
+	if (fd_empty(f))
+		return -EBADF;
+	return idempotent_init_module(fd_file(f), uargs, flags);
 }
 
 /* Keep in sync with MODULE_FLAGS_BUF_SIZE !!! */

kernel/nsproxy.c

···
 
 SYSCALL_DEFINE2(setns, int, fd, int, flags)
 {
-	struct fd f = fdget(fd);
+	CLASS(fd, f)(fd);
 	struct ns_common *ns = NULL;
 	struct nsset nsset = {};
 	int err = 0;
 
-	if (!fd_file(f))
+	if (fd_empty(f))
 		return -EBADF;
 
 	if (proc_ns_file(fd_file(f))) {
···
 	}
 	put_nsset(&nsset);
 out:
-	fdput(f);
 	return err;
 }
 

kernel/pid.c

···
 
 struct pid *pidfd_get_pid(unsigned int fd, unsigned int *flags)
 {
-	struct fd f;
+	CLASS(fd, f)(fd);
 	struct pid *pid;
 
-	f = fdget(fd);
-	if (!fd_file(f))
+	if (fd_empty(f))
 		return ERR_PTR(-EBADF);
 
 	pid = pidfd_pid(fd_file(f));
···
 		get_pid(pid);
 		*flags = fd_file(f)->f_flags;
 	}
-
-	fdput(f);
 	return pid;
 }
 
···
 		unsigned int, flags)
 {
 	struct pid *pid;
-	struct fd f;
-	int ret;
 
 	/* flags is currently unused - make sure it's unset */
 	if (flags)
 		return -EINVAL;
 
-	f = fdget(pidfd);
-	if (!fd_file(f))
+	CLASS(fd, f)(pidfd);
+	if (fd_empty(f))
 		return -EBADF;
 
 	pid = pidfd_pid(fd_file(f));
 	if (IS_ERR(pid))
-		ret = PTR_ERR(pid);
-	else
-		ret = pidfd_getfd(pid, fd);
+		return PTR_ERR(pid);
 
-	fdput(f);
-	return ret;
+	return pidfd_getfd(pid, fd);
 }

kernel/signal.c

···
 		siginfo_t __user *, info, unsigned int, flags)
 {
 	int ret;
-	struct fd f;
 	struct pid *pid;
 	kernel_siginfo_t kinfo;
 	enum pid_type type;
···
 	if (hweight32(flags & PIDFD_SEND_SIGNAL_FLAGS) > 1)
 		return -EINVAL;
 
-	f = fdget(pidfd);
-	if (!fd_file(f))
+	CLASS(fd, f)(pidfd);
+	if (fd_empty(f))
 		return -EBADF;
 
 	/* Is this a pidfd? */
 	pid = pidfd_to_pid(fd_file(f));
-	if (IS_ERR(pid)) {
-		ret = PTR_ERR(pid);
-		goto err;
-	}
+	if (IS_ERR(pid))
+		return PTR_ERR(pid);
 
-	ret = -EINVAL;
 	if (!access_pidfd_pidns(pid))
-		goto err;
+		return -EINVAL;
 
 	switch (flags) {
 	case 0:
···
 	if (info) {
 		ret = copy_siginfo_from_user_any(&kinfo, info);
 		if (unlikely(ret))
-			goto err;
+			return ret;
 
-		ret = -EINVAL;
 		if (unlikely(sig != kinfo.si_signo))
-			goto err;
+			return -EINVAL;
 
 		/* Only allow sending arbitrary signals to yourself. */
-		ret = -EPERM;
 		if ((task_pid(current) != pid || type > PIDTYPE_TGID) &&
 		    (kinfo.si_code >= 0 || kinfo.si_code == SI_TKILL))
-			goto err;
+			return -EPERM;
 	} else {
 		prepare_kill_siginfo(sig, &kinfo, type);
 	}
 
 	if (type == PIDTYPE_PGID)
-		ret = kill_pgrp_info(sig, &kinfo, pid);
+		return kill_pgrp_info(sig, &kinfo, pid);
 	else
-		ret = kill_pid_info_type(sig, &kinfo, pid, type);
-err:
-	fdput(f);
-	return ret;
+		return kill_pid_info_type(sig, &kinfo, pid, type);
 }
 
 static int

kernel/sys.c

···
 
 static int prctl_set_mm_exe_file(struct mm_struct *mm, unsigned int fd)
 {
-	struct fd exe;
+	CLASS(fd, exe)(fd);
 	struct inode *inode;
 	int err;
 
-	exe = fdget(fd);
-	if (!fd_file(exe))
+	if (fd_empty(exe))
 		return -EBADF;
 
 	inode = file_inode(fd_file(exe));
···
 	 * sure that this one is executable as well, to avoid breaking an
 	 * overall picture.
 	 */
-	err = -EACCES;
 	if (!S_ISREG(inode->i_mode) || path_noexec(&fd_file(exe)->f_path))
-		goto exit;
+		return -EACCES;
 
 	err = file_permission(fd_file(exe), MAY_EXEC);
 	if (err)
-		goto exit;
+		return err;
 
-	err = replace_mm_exe_file(mm, fd_file(exe));
-exit:
-	fdput(exe);
-	return err;
+	return replace_mm_exe_file(mm, fd_file(exe));
 }
 
 /*

kernel/taskstats.c

···
 	struct nlattr *na;
 	size_t size;
 	u32 fd;
-	struct fd f;
 
 	na = info->attrs[CGROUPSTATS_CMD_ATTR_FD];
 	if (!na)
 		return -EINVAL;
 
 	fd = nla_get_u32(info->attrs[CGROUPSTATS_CMD_ATTR_FD]);
-	f = fdget(fd);
-	if (!fd_file(f))
+	CLASS(fd, f)(fd);
+	if (fd_empty(f))
 		return 0;
 
 	size = nla_total_size(sizeof(struct cgroupstats));
···
 	rc = prepare_reply(info, CGROUPSTATS_CMD_NEW, &rep_skb,
 				size);
 	if (rc < 0)
-		goto err;
+		return rc;
 
 	na = nla_reserve(rep_skb, CGROUPSTATS_TYPE_CGROUP_STATS,
 				sizeof(struct cgroupstats));
 	if (na == NULL) {
 		nlmsg_free(rep_skb);
-		rc = -EMSGSIZE;
-		goto err;
+		return -EMSGSIZE;
 	}
 
 	stats = nla_data(na);
···
 	rc = cgroupstats_build(stats, fd_file(f)->f_path.dentry);
 	if (rc < 0) {
 		nlmsg_free(rep_skb);
-		goto err;
+		return rc;
 	}
 
-	rc = send_reply(rep_skb, info);
-
-err:
-	fdput(f);
-	return rc;
+	return send_reply(rep_skb, info);
 }
 
 static int cmd_attr_register_cpumask(struct genl_info *info)

kernel/watch_queue.c

···
 {
 	struct pipe_inode_info *pipe;
 	struct watch_queue *wqueue = ERR_PTR(-EINVAL);
-	struct fd f;
+	CLASS(fd, f)(fd);
 
-	f = fdget(fd);
-	if (fd_file(f)) {
+	if (!fd_empty(f)) {
 		pipe = get_pipe_info(fd_file(f), false);
 		if (pipe && pipe->watch_queue) {
 			wqueue = pipe->watch_queue;
 			kref_get(&wqueue->usage);
 		}
-		fdput(f);
 	}
 
 	return wqueue;

mm/fadvise.c

···
 
 int ksys_fadvise64_64(int fd, loff_t offset, loff_t len, int advice)
 {
-	struct fd f = fdget(fd);
-	int ret;
+	CLASS(fd, f)(fd);
 
-	if (!fd_file(f))
+	if (fd_empty(f))
 		return -EBADF;
 
-	ret = vfs_fadvise(fd_file(f), offset, len, advice);
-
-	fdput(f);
-	return ret;
+	return vfs_fadvise(fd_file(f), offset, len, advice);
 }
 
 SYSCALL_DEFINE4(fadvise64_64, int, fd, loff_t, offset, loff_t, len, int, advice)

mm/filemap.c

···
 		struct cachestat_range __user *, cstat_range,
 		struct cachestat __user *, cstat, unsigned int, flags)
 {
-	struct fd f = fdget(fd);
+	CLASS(fd, f)(fd);
 	struct address_space *mapping;
 	struct cachestat_range csr;
 	struct cachestat cs;
 	pgoff_t first_index, last_index;
 
-	if (!fd_file(f))
+	if (fd_empty(f))
 		return -EBADF;
 
 	if (copy_from_user(&csr, cstat_range,
-			sizeof(struct cachestat_range))) {
-		fdput(f);
+			sizeof(struct cachestat_range)))
 		return -EFAULT;
-	}
 
 	/* hugetlbfs is not supported */
-	if (is_file_hugepages(fd_file(f))) {
-		fdput(f);
+	if (is_file_hugepages(fd_file(f)))
 		return -EOPNOTSUPP;
-	}
 
-	if (flags != 0) {
-		fdput(f);
+	if (flags != 0)
 		return -EINVAL;
-	}
 
 	first_index = csr.off >> PAGE_SHIFT;
 	last_index =
···
 	memset(&cs, 0, sizeof(struct cachestat));
 	mapping = fd_file(f)->f_mapping;
 	filemap_cachestat(mapping, first_index, last_index, &cs);
-	fdput(f);
 
 	if (copy_to_user(cstat, &cs, sizeof(struct cachestat)))
 		return -EFAULT;

mm/memcontrol-v1.c

···
 	struct mem_cgroup_event *event;
 	struct cgroup_subsys_state *cfile_css;
 	unsigned int efd, cfd;
-	struct fd efile;
-	struct fd cfile;
 	struct dentry *cdentry;
 	const char *name;
 	char *endp;
···
 	else
 		return -EINVAL;
 
+	CLASS(fd, efile)(efd);
+	if (fd_empty(efile))
+		return -EBADF;
+
+	CLASS(fd, cfile)(cfd);
+
 	event = kzalloc(sizeof(*event), GFP_KERNEL);
 	if (!event)
 		return -ENOMEM;
···
 	init_waitqueue_func_entry(&event->wait, memcg_event_wake);
 	INIT_WORK(&event->remove, memcg_event_remove);
 
-	efile = fdget(efd);
-	if (!fd_file(efile)) {
-		ret = -EBADF;
-		goto out_kfree;
-	}
-
 	event->eventfd = eventfd_ctx_fileget(fd_file(efile));
 	if (IS_ERR(event->eventfd)) {
 		ret = PTR_ERR(event->eventfd);
-		goto out_put_efile;
+		goto out_kfree;
 	}
 
-	cfile = fdget(cfd);
-	if (!fd_file(cfile)) {
+	if (fd_empty(cfile)) {
 		ret = -EBADF;
 		goto out_put_eventfd;
 	}
···
 	/* AV: shouldn't we check that it's been opened for read instead? */
 	ret = file_permission(fd_file(cfile), MAY_READ);
 	if (ret < 0)
-		goto out_put_cfile;
+		goto out_put_eventfd;
 
 	/*
 	 * The control file must be a regular cgroup1 file. As a regular cgroup
···
 	cdentry = fd_file(cfile)->f_path.dentry;
 	if (cdentry->d_sb->s_type != &cgroup_fs_type || !d_is_reg(cdentry)) {
 		ret = -EINVAL;
-		goto out_put_cfile;
+		goto out_put_eventfd;
 	}
 
 	/*
···
 		event->unregister_event = memsw_cgroup_usage_unregister_event;
 	} else {
 		ret = -EINVAL;
-		goto out_put_cfile;
+		goto out_put_eventfd;
 	}
 
 	/*
···
 					       &memory_cgrp_subsys);
 	ret = -EINVAL;
 	if (IS_ERR(cfile_css))
-		goto out_put_cfile;
-	if (cfile_css != css) {
-		css_put(cfile_css);
-		goto out_put_cfile;
-	}
+		goto out_put_eventfd;
+	if (cfile_css != css)
+		goto out_put_css;
 
 	ret = event->register_event(memcg, event->eventfd, buf);
 	if (ret)
···
 	spin_lock_irq(&memcg->event_list_lock);
 	list_add(&event->list, &memcg->event_list);
 	spin_unlock_irq(&memcg->event_list_lock);
-
-	fdput(cfile);
-	fdput(efile);
-
 	return nbytes;
 
 out_put_css:
-	css_put(css);
-out_put_cfile:
-	fdput(cfile);
+	css_put(cfile_css);
 out_put_eventfd:
 	eventfd_ctx_put(event->eventfd);
-out_put_efile:
-	fdput(efile);
 out_kfree:
 	kfree(event);
-
 	return ret;
 }
 

mm/readahead.c

···
 
 ssize_t ksys_readahead(int fd, loff_t offset, size_t count)
 {
-	ssize_t ret;
-	struct fd f;
+	CLASS(fd, f)(fd);
 
-	ret = -EBADF;
-	f = fdget(fd);
-	if (!fd_file(f) || !(fd_file(f)->f_mode & FMODE_READ))
-		goto out;
+	if (fd_empty(f) || !(fd_file(f)->f_mode & FMODE_READ))
+		return -EBADF;
 
 	/*
 	 * The readahead() syscall is intended to run only on files
 	 * that can execute readahead. If readahead is not possible
 	 * on this file, then we must return -EINVAL.
 	 */
-	ret = -EINVAL;
 	if (!fd_file(f)->f_mapping || !fd_file(f)->f_mapping->a_ops ||
 	    (!S_ISREG(file_inode(fd_file(f))->i_mode) &&
 	    !S_ISBLK(file_inode(fd_file(f))->i_mode)))
-		goto out;
+		return -EINVAL;
 
-	ret = vfs_fadvise(fd_file(f), offset, count, POSIX_FADV_WILLNEED);
-out:
-	fdput(f);
-	return ret;
+	return vfs_fadvise(fd_file(f), offset, count, POSIX_FADV_WILLNEED);
 }
 
 SYSCALL_DEFINE3(readahead, int, fd, loff_t, offset, size_t, count)

net/core/net_namespace.c

···
 
 struct net *get_net_ns_by_fd(int fd)
 {
-	struct fd f = fdget(fd);
-	struct net *net = ERR_PTR(-EINVAL);
+	CLASS(fd, f)(fd);
 
-	if (!fd_file(f))
+	if (fd_empty(f))
 		return ERR_PTR(-EBADF);
 
 	if (proc_ns_file(fd_file(f))) {
 		struct ns_common *ns = get_proc_ns(file_inode(fd_file(f)));
 		if (ns->ops == &netns_operations)
-			net = get_net(container_of(ns, struct net, ns));
+			return get_net(container_of(ns, struct net, ns));
 	}
-	fdput(f);
 
-	return net;
+	return ERR_PTR(-EINVAL);
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(get_net_ns_by_fd);
 #endif

net/netlink/af_netlink.c

···
 	return sock;
 }
 
-struct sock *netlink_getsockbyfilp(struct file *filp)
+struct sock *netlink_getsockbyfd(int fd)
 {
-	struct inode *inode = file_inode(filp);
+	CLASS(fd, f)(fd);
+	struct inode *inode;
 	struct sock *sock;
 
+	if (fd_empty(f))
+		return ERR_PTR(-EBADF);
+
+	inode = file_inode(fd_file(f));
 	if (!S_ISSOCK(inode->i_mode))
 		return ERR_PTR(-ENOTSOCK);
 

net/socket.c

···
 
 struct socket *sock_from_file(struct file *file)
 {
-	if (file->f_op == &socket_file_ops)
+	if (likely(file->f_op == &socket_file_ops))
 		return file->private_data;	/* set in sock_alloc_file */
 
 	return NULL;
···
 	return sock;
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL(sockfd_lookup);
-
-static struct socket *sockfd_lookup_light(int fd, int *err, int *fput_needed)
-{
-	struct fd f = fdget(fd);
-	struct socket *sock;
-
-	*err = -EBADF;
-	if (fd_file(f)) {
-		sock = sock_from_file(fd_file(f));
-		if (likely(sock)) {
-			*fput_needed = f.word & FDPUT_FPUT;
-			return sock;
-		}
-		*err = -ENOTSOCK;
-		fdput(f);
-	}
-	return NULL;
-}
 
 static ssize_t sockfs_listxattr(struct dentry *dentry, char *buffer,
 				size_t size)
···
 {
 	struct socket *sock;
 	struct sockaddr_storage address;
-	int err, fput_needed;
+	CLASS(fd, f)(fd);
+	int err;
 
-	sock = sockfd_lookup_light(fd, &err, &fput_needed);
-	if (sock) {
-		err = move_addr_to_kernel(umyaddr, addrlen, &address);
-		if (!err)
-			err = __sys_bind_socket(sock, &address, addrlen);
-		fput_light(sock->file, fput_needed);
-	}
-	return err;
+	if (fd_empty(f))
+		return -EBADF;
+	sock = sock_from_file(fd_file(f));
+	if (unlikely(!sock))
+		return -ENOTSOCK;
+
+	err = move_addr_to_kernel(umyaddr, addrlen, &address);
+	if (unlikely(err))
+		return err;
+
+	return __sys_bind_socket(sock, &address, addrlen);
 }
 
 SYSCALL_DEFINE3(bind, int, fd, struct sockaddr __user *, umyaddr, int, addrlen)
···
 
 int __sys_listen(int fd, int backlog)
 {
+	CLASS(fd, f)(fd);
 	struct socket *sock;
-	int err, fput_needed;
 
-	sock = sockfd_lookup_light(fd, &err, &fput_needed);
-	if (sock) {
-		err = __sys_listen_socket(sock, backlog);
-		fput_light(sock->file, fput_needed);
-	}
-	return err;
+	if (fd_empty(f))
+		return -EBADF;
+	sock = sock_from_file(fd_file(f));
+	if (unlikely(!sock))
+		return -ENOTSOCK;
+
+	return __sys_listen_socket(sock, backlog);
 }
 
 SYSCALL_DEFINE2(listen, int, fd, int, backlog)
···
 int __sys_accept4(int fd, struct sockaddr __user *upeer_sockaddr,
 		  int __user *upeer_addrlen, int flags)
 {
-	int ret = -EBADF;
-	struct fd f;
+	CLASS(fd, f)(fd);
 
-	f = fdget(fd);
-	if (fd_file(f)) {
-		ret = __sys_accept4_file(fd_file(f), upeer_sockaddr,
+	if (fd_empty(f))
+		return -EBADF;
+	return __sys_accept4_file(fd_file(f), upeer_sockaddr,
 					 upeer_addrlen, flags);
-		fdput(f);
-	}
-
-	return ret;
 }
 
 SYSCALL_DEFINE4(accept4, int, fd, struct sockaddr __user *, upeer_sockaddr,
···
 
 int __sys_connect(int fd, struct sockaddr __user *uservaddr, int addrlen)
 {
-	int ret = -EBADF;
-	struct fd f;
+	struct sockaddr_storage address;
+	CLASS(fd, f)(fd);
+	int ret;
 
-	f = fdget(fd);
-	if (fd_file(f)) {
-		struct sockaddr_storage address;
+	if (fd_empty(f))
+		return -EBADF;
 
-		ret = move_addr_to_kernel(uservaddr, addrlen, &address);
-		if (!ret)
-			ret = __sys_connect_file(fd_file(f), &address, addrlen, 0);
-		fdput(f);
-	}
+	ret = move_addr_to_kernel(uservaddr, addrlen, &address);
+	if (ret)
+		return ret;
 
-	return ret;
+	return __sys_connect_file(fd_file(f), &address, addrlen, 0);
 }
 
 SYSCALL_DEFINE3(connect, int, fd, struct sockaddr __user *, uservaddr,
···
 {
 	struct socket *sock;
 	struct sockaddr_storage address;
-	int err, fput_needed;
+	CLASS(fd, f)(fd);
+	int err;
 
-	sock = sockfd_lookup_light(fd, &err, &fput_needed);
-	if (!sock)
-		goto out;
+	if (fd_empty(f))
+		return -EBADF;
+	sock = sock_from_file(fd_file(f));
+	if (unlikely(!sock))
+		return -ENOTSOCK;
 
 	err = security_socket_getsockname(sock);
 	if (err)
-		goto out_put;
+		return err;
 
 	err = READ_ONCE(sock->ops)->getname(sock, (struct sockaddr *)&address, 0);
 	if (err < 0)
-		goto out_put;
-	/* "err" is actually length in this case */
-	err = move_addr_to_user(&address, err, usockaddr, usockaddr_len);
+		return err;
 
-out_put:
-	fput_light(sock->file, fput_needed);
-out:
-	return err;
+	/* "err" is actually length in this case */
+	return move_addr_to_user(&address, err, usockaddr, usockaddr_len);
 }
 
 SYSCALL_DEFINE3(getsockname, int, fd, struct sockaddr __user *, usockaddr,
···
 {
 	struct socket *sock;
 	struct sockaddr_storage address;
-	int err, fput_needed;
+	CLASS(fd, f)(fd);
+	int err;
 
-	sock = sockfd_lookup_light(fd, &err, &fput_needed);
-	if (sock != NULL) {
-		const struct proto_ops *ops = READ_ONCE(sock->ops);
+	if (fd_empty(f))
+		return -EBADF;
+	sock = sock_from_file(fd_file(f));
+	if (unlikely(!sock))
+		return -ENOTSOCK;
 
-		err = security_socket_getpeername(sock);
-		if (err) {
-			fput_light(sock->file, fput_needed);
-			return err;
-		}
+	err = security_socket_getpeername(sock);
+	if (err)
+		return err;
 
-		err = ops->getname(sock, (struct sockaddr *)&address, 1);
-		if (err >= 0)
-			/* "err" is actually length in this case */
-			err = move_addr_to_user(&address, err, usockaddr,
-						usockaddr_len);
-		fput_light(sock->file, fput_needed);
-	}
-	return err;
+	err = READ_ONCE(sock->ops)->getname(sock, (struct sockaddr *)&address, 1);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
+
+	/* "err" is actually length in this case */
+	return move_addr_to_user(&address, err, usockaddr, usockaddr_len);
 }
 
 SYSCALL_DEFINE3(getpeername, int, fd, struct sockaddr __user *, usockaddr,
···
 	struct sockaddr_storage address;
 	int err;
 	struct msghdr msg;
-	int fput_needed;
 
 	err = import_ubuf(ITER_SOURCE, buff, len, &msg.msg_iter);
 	if (unlikely(err))
 		return err;
-	sock = sockfd_lookup_light(fd, &err, &fput_needed);
-	if (!sock)
-		goto out;
+
+	CLASS(fd, f)(fd);
+	if (fd_empty(f))
+		return -EBADF;
+	sock = sock_from_file(fd_file(f));
+	if (unlikely(!sock))
+		return -ENOTSOCK;
 
 	msg.msg_name = NULL;
 	msg.msg_control = NULL;
···
 	if (addr) {
 		err = move_addr_to_kernel(addr, addr_len, &address);
 		if (err < 0)
-			goto out_put;
+			return err;
 		msg.msg_name = (struct sockaddr *)&address;
 		msg.msg_namelen = addr_len;
 	}
···
 	if (sock->file->f_flags & O_NONBLOCK)
 		flags |= MSG_DONTWAIT;
 	msg.msg_flags = flags;
-	err = __sock_sendmsg(sock, &msg);
-
-out_put:
-	fput_light(sock->file, fput_needed);
-out:
-	return err;
+	return __sock_sendmsg(sock, &msg);
 }
 
 SYSCALL_DEFINE6(sendto, int, fd, void __user *, buff, size_t, len,
···
 	};
 	struct socket *sock;
 	int err, err2;
-	int fput_needed;
 
 	err = import_ubuf(ITER_DEST, ubuf, size, &msg.msg_iter);
 	if (unlikely(err))
 		return err;
-	sock = sockfd_lookup_light(fd, &err, &fput_needed);
-	if (!sock)
-		goto out;
+
+	CLASS(fd, f)(fd);
+
+	if (fd_empty(f))
+		return -EBADF;
+	sock = sock_from_file(fd_file(f));
+	if (unlikely(!sock))
+		return -ENOTSOCK;
 
 	if (sock->file->f_flags & O_NONBLOCK)
 		flags |= MSG_DONTWAIT;
···
 		if (err2 < 0)
 			err = err2;
 	}
-
-	fput_light(sock->file, fput_needed);
-out:
 	return err;
 }
 
···
 {
 	sockptr_t optval = USER_SOCKPTR(user_optval);
 	bool compat = in_compat_syscall();
-	int err, fput_needed;
 	struct socket *sock;
+	CLASS(fd, f)(fd);
 
-	sock = sockfd_lookup_light(fd, &err, &fput_needed);
-	if (!sock)
-		return err;
+	if (fd_empty(f))
+		return -EBADF;
+	sock = sock_from_file(fd_file(f));
+	if (unlikely(!sock))
+		return -ENOTSOCK;
 
-	err = do_sock_setsockopt(sock, compat, level, optname, optval, optlen);
-
-	fput_light(sock->file, fput_needed);
-	return err;
+	return do_sock_setsockopt(sock, compat, level, optname, optval, optlen);
 }
 
 SYSCALL_DEFINE5(setsockopt, int, fd, int, level, int, optname,
···
 int __sys_getsockopt(int fd, int level, int optname, char __user *optval,
 		int __user *optlen)
 {
-	int err, fput_needed;
 	struct socket *sock;
-	bool compat;
+	CLASS(fd, f)(fd);
 
-	sock = sockfd_lookup_light(fd, &err, &fput_needed);
-	if (!sock)
-		return err;
+	if (fd_empty(f))
+		return -EBADF;
+	sock = sock_from_file(fd_file(f));
+	if (unlikely(!sock))
+		return -ENOTSOCK;
 
-	compat = in_compat_syscall();
-	err = do_sock_getsockopt(sock, compat, level, optname,
+	return do_sock_getsockopt(sock, in_compat_syscall(), level, optname,
 				 USER_SOCKPTR(optval), USER_SOCKPTR(optlen));
-
-	fput_light(sock->file, fput_needed);
-	return err;
 }
 
 SYSCALL_DEFINE5(getsockopt, int, fd, int, level, int, optname,
···
 
 int __sys_shutdown(int fd, int how)
 {
-	int err, fput_needed;
 	struct socket *sock;
+	CLASS(fd, f)(fd);
 
-	sock = sockfd_lookup_light(fd, &err, &fput_needed);
-	if (sock != NULL) {
-		err = __sys_shutdown_sock(sock, how);
-		fput_light(sock->file, fput_needed);
-	}
-	return err;
+	if (fd_empty(f))
+		return -EBADF;
+	sock = sock_from_file(fd_file(f));
+	if (unlikely(!sock))
+		return -ENOTSOCK;
+
+	return __sys_shutdown_sock(sock, how);
 }
 
 SYSCALL_DEFINE2(shutdown, int, fd, int, how)
···
 long __sys_sendmsg(int fd, struct user_msghdr __user *msg, unsigned int flags,
 		   bool forbid_cmsg_compat)
 {
-	int fput_needed, err;
 	struct msghdr msg_sys;
 	struct socket *sock;
 
 	if (forbid_cmsg_compat && (flags & MSG_CMSG_COMPAT))
 		return -EINVAL;
 
-	sock = sockfd_lookup_light(fd, &err, &fput_needed);
-	if (!sock)
-		goto out;
+	CLASS(fd, f)(fd);
 
-	err = ___sys_sendmsg(sock, msg, &msg_sys, flags, NULL, 0);
+	if (fd_empty(f))
+		return -EBADF;
+	sock = sock_from_file(fd_file(f));
+	if (unlikely(!sock))
+		return -ENOTSOCK;
 
-	fput_light(sock->file, fput_needed);
-out:
-	return err;
+	return ___sys_sendmsg(sock, msg, &msg_sys, flags, NULL, 0);
 }
 
 SYSCALL_DEFINE3(sendmsg, int, fd, struct user_msghdr __user *, msg, unsigned int, flags)
···
 int __sys_sendmmsg(int fd, struct mmsghdr __user *mmsg, unsigned int vlen,
 		   unsigned int flags, bool forbid_cmsg_compat)
 {
-	int fput_needed, err, datagrams;
+	int err, datagrams;
 	struct socket *sock;
 	struct mmsghdr __user *entry;
 	struct compat_mmsghdr __user *compat_entry;
···
 
 	datagrams = 0;
 
-	sock = sockfd_lookup_light(fd, &err, &fput_needed);
-	if (!sock)
-		return err;
+	CLASS(fd, f)(fd);
+
+	if (fd_empty(f))
+		return -EBADF;
+	sock = sock_from_file(fd_file(f));
+	if (unlikely(!sock))
+		return -ENOTSOCK;
 
 	used_address.name_len = UINT_MAX;
 	entry = mmsg;
···
 			break;
 		cond_resched();
 	}
-
-	fput_light(sock->file, fput_needed);
 
 	/* We only return an error if no datagrams were able to be sent */
 	if (datagrams != 0)
···
 long __sys_recvmsg(int fd, struct user_msghdr __user *msg, unsigned int flags,
 		   bool forbid_cmsg_compat)
 {
-	int fput_needed, err;
 	struct msghdr msg_sys;
 	struct socket *sock;
 
 	if (forbid_cmsg_compat && (flags & MSG_CMSG_COMPAT))
 		return -EINVAL;
 
-	sock = sockfd_lookup_light(fd, &err, &fput_needed);
-	if (!sock)
-		goto out;
+	CLASS(fd, f)(fd);
 
-	err = ___sys_recvmsg(sock, msg, &msg_sys, flags, 0);
+	if (fd_empty(f))
+		return -EBADF;
+	sock = sock_from_file(fd_file(f));
+	if (unlikely(!sock))
+		return -ENOTSOCK;
 
-	fput_light(sock->file, fput_needed);
-out:
-	return err;
+	return ___sys_recvmsg(sock, msg, &msg_sys, flags, 0);
 }
 
 SYSCALL_DEFINE3(recvmsg, int, fd, struct user_msghdr __user *, msg,
···
 			  unsigned int vlen, unsigned int flags,
 			  struct timespec64 *timeout)
 {
-	int fput_needed, err, datagrams;
+	int err = 0, datagrams;
 	struct socket *sock;
 	struct mmsghdr __user *entry;
 	struct compat_mmsghdr __user *compat_entry;
···
 
 	datagrams = 0;
 
-	sock = sockfd_lookup_light(fd, &err, &fput_needed);
-	if (!sock)
-		return err;
+	CLASS(fd, f)(fd);
+
+	if (fd_empty(f))
+		return -EBADF;
+	sock = sock_from_file(fd_file(f));
+	if (unlikely(!sock))
+		return -ENOTSOCK;
 
 	if (likely(!(flags & MSG_ERRQUEUE))) {
 		err = sock_error(sock->sk);
-		if (err) {
-			datagrams = err;
-			goto out_put;
-		}
+		if (err)
+			return err;
 	}
 
 	entry = mmsg;
···
 	}
 
 	if (err == 0)
-		goto out_put;
+		return datagrams;
 
-	if (datagrams == 0) {
-		datagrams = err;
-		goto out_put;
-	}
+	if (datagrams == 0)
+		return err;
 
 	/*
 	 * We may return less entries than requested (vlen) if the
···
 		 */
 		WRITE_ONCE(sock->sk->sk_err, -err);
 	}
-out_put:
-	fput_light(sock->file, fput_needed);
-
 	return datagrams;
 }
 

security/integrity/ima/ima_main.c

···
  */
 void ima_kexec_cmdline(int kernel_fd, const void *buf, int size)
 {
-	struct fd f;
-
 	if (!buf || !size)
 		return;
 
-	f = fdget(kernel_fd);
-	if (!fd_file(f))
+	CLASS(fd, f)(kernel_fd);
+	if (fd_empty(f))
 		return;
 
 	process_buffer_measurement(file_mnt_idmap(fd_file(f)), file_inode(fd_file(f)),
 				   buf, size, "kexec-cmdline", KEXEC_CMDLINE, 0,
 				   NULL, false, NULL, 0);
-	fdput(f);
 }
 
 /**

security/landlock/syscalls.c

···
 static struct landlock_ruleset *get_ruleset_from_fd(const int fd,
 						    const fmode_t mode)
 {
-	struct fd ruleset_f;
+	CLASS(fd, ruleset_f)(fd);
 	struct landlock_ruleset *ruleset;
 
-	ruleset_f = fdget(fd);
-	if (!fd_file(ruleset_f))
+	if (fd_empty(ruleset_f))
 		return ERR_PTR(-EBADF);
 
 	/* Checks FD type and access right. */
-	if (fd_file(ruleset_f)->f_op != &ruleset_fops) {
-		ruleset = ERR_PTR(-EBADFD);
-		goto out_fdput;
-	}
-	if (!(fd_file(ruleset_f)->f_mode & mode)) {
-		ruleset = ERR_PTR(-EPERM);
-		goto out_fdput;
-	}
+	if (fd_file(ruleset_f)->f_op != &ruleset_fops)
+		return ERR_PTR(-EBADFD);
+	if (!(fd_file(ruleset_f)->f_mode & mode))
+		return ERR_PTR(-EPERM);
 	ruleset = fd_file(ruleset_f)->private_data;
-	if (WARN_ON_ONCE(ruleset->num_layers != 1)) {
-		ruleset = ERR_PTR(-EINVAL);
-		goto out_fdput;
-	}
+	if (WARN_ON_ONCE(ruleset->num_layers != 1))
+		return ERR_PTR(-EINVAL);
 	landlock_get_ruleset(ruleset);
-
-out_fdput:
-	fdput(ruleset_f);
 	return ruleset;
 }
 
···
  */
 static int get_path_from_fd(const s32 fd, struct path *const path)
 {
-	struct fd f;
-	int err = 0;
+	CLASS(fd_raw, f)(fd);
 
 	BUILD_BUG_ON(!__same_type(
 		fd, ((struct landlock_path_beneath_attr *)NULL)->parent_fd));
 
-	/* Handles O_PATH. */
-	f = fdget_raw(fd);
-	if (!fd_file(f))
+	if (fd_empty(f))
 		return -EBADF;
 	/*
 	 * Forbids ruleset FDs, internal filesystems (e.g. nsfs), including
···
 	    (fd_file(f)->f_path.mnt->mnt_flags & MNT_INTERNAL) ||
 	    (fd_file(f)->f_path.dentry->d_sb->s_flags & SB_NOUSER) ||
 	    d_is_negative(fd_file(f)->f_path.dentry) ||
-	    IS_PRIVATE(d_backing_inode(fd_file(f)->f_path.dentry))) {
-		err = -EBADFD;
-		goto out_fdput;
-	}
+	    IS_PRIVATE(d_backing_inode(fd_file(f)->f_path.dentry)))
+		return -EBADFD;
+
 	*path = fd_file(f)->f_path;
 	path_get(path);
-
-out_fdput:
-	fdput(f);
-	return err;
+	return 0;
 }
 
 static int add_rule_path_beneath(struct landlock_ruleset *const ruleset,

security/loadpin/loadpin.c

···
 
 static int read_trusted_verity_root_digests(unsigned int fd)
 {
-	struct fd f;
 	void *data;
 	int rc;
 	char *p, *d;
···
 	if (!list_empty(&dm_verity_loadpin_trusted_root_digests))
 		return -EPERM;
 
-	f = fdget(fd);
-	if (!fd_file(f))
+	CLASS(fd, f)(fd);
+	if (fd_empty(f))
 		return -EINVAL;
 
 	data = kzalloc(SZ_4K, GFP_KERNEL);
···
 	}
 
 	kfree(data);
-	fdput(f);
 
 	return 0;
 
···
 
 	/* disallow further attempts after reading a corrupt/invalid file */
 	deny_reading_verity_digests = true;
-
-	fdput(f);
 
 	return rc;
 }

sound/core/pcm_native.c

···
 	bool nonatomic = substream->pcm->nonatomic;
 	CLASS(fd, f)(fd);
 
-	if (!fd_file(f))
+	if (fd_empty(f))
 		return -EBADFD;
 	if (!is_pcm_file(fd_file(f)))
 		return -EBADFD;

virt/kvm/eventfd.c

···
 kvm_irqfd_assign(struct kvm *kvm, struct kvm_irqfd *args)
 {
 	struct kvm_kernel_irqfd *irqfd, *tmp;
-	struct fd f;
 	struct eventfd_ctx *eventfd = NULL, *resamplefd = NULL;
 	int ret;
 	__poll_t events;
···
 	INIT_WORK(&irqfd->shutdown, irqfd_shutdown);
 	seqcount_spinlock_init(&irqfd->irq_entry_sc, &kvm->irqfds.lock);
 
-	f = fdget(args->fd);
-	if (!fd_file(f)) {
+	CLASS(fd, f)(args->fd);
+	if (fd_empty(f)) {
 		ret = -EBADF;
 		goto out;
 	}
···
 	eventfd = eventfd_ctx_fileget(fd_file(f));
 	if (IS_ERR(eventfd)) {
 		ret = PTR_ERR(eventfd);
-		goto fail;
+		goto out;
 	}
 
 	irqfd->eventfd = eventfd;
···
 #endif
 
 	srcu_read_unlock(&kvm->irq_srcu, idx);
-
-	/*
-	 * do not drop the file until the irqfd is fully initialized, otherwise
-	 * we might race against the EPOLLHUP
-	 */
-	fdput(f);
 	return 0;
 
 fail:
···
 
 	if (eventfd && !IS_ERR(eventfd))
 		eventfd_ctx_put(eventfd);
-
-	fdput(f);
 
 out:
 	kfree(irqfd);

virt/kvm/vfio.c

···
 {
 	struct kvm_vfio *kv = dev->private;
 	struct kvm_vfio_file *kvf;
-	struct fd f;
+	CLASS(fd, f)(fd);
 	int ret;
 
-	f = fdget(fd);
-	if (!fd_file(f))
+	if (fd_empty(f))
 		return -EBADF;
 
 	ret = -ENOENT;
···
 	kvm_vfio_update_coherency(dev);
 
 	mutex_unlock(&kv->lock);
-
-	fdput(f);
-
 	return ret;
 }
 
···
 	struct kvm_vfio_spapr_tce param;
 	struct kvm_vfio *kv = dev->private;
 	struct kvm_vfio_file *kvf;
-	struct fd f;
 	int ret;
 
 	if (copy_from_user(&param, arg, sizeof(struct kvm_vfio_spapr_tce)))
 		return -EFAULT;
 
-	f = fdget(param.groupfd);
-	if (!fd_file(f))
+	CLASS(fd, f)(param.groupfd);
+	if (fd_empty(f))
 		return -EBADF;
 
 	ret = -ENOENT;
···
 
 err_fdput:
 	mutex_unlock(&kv->lock);
-	fdput(f);
 	return ret;
 }
 #endif