Merge branch 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/ebiederm/user-namespace

Pull user namespace updates from Eric Biederman:
"Long ago and far away when user namespaces where young it was realized
that allowing fresh mounts of proc and sysfs with only user namespace
permissions could violate the basic rule that only root gets to decide
if proc or sysfs should be mounted at all.

Some hacks were put in place to reduce the worst of the damage could
be done, and the common sense rule was adopted that fresh mounts of
proc and sysfs should allow no more than bind mounts of proc and
sysfs. Unfortunately that rule has not been fully enforced.

There are two kinds of gaps in that enforcement. Only filesystems
mounted on empty directories of proc and sysfs should be ignored but
the test for empty directories was insufficient. So in my tree
directories on proc, sysctl and sysfs that will always be empty are
created specially. Every other technique is imperfect as an ordinary
directory can have entries added even after a readdir returns and
shows that the directory is empty. Special creation of directories
for mount points makes the code in the kernel a smidge clearer about
it's purpose. I asked container developers from the various container
projects to help test this and no holes were found in the set of mount
points on proc and sysfs that are created specially.

This set of changes also starts enforcing the mount flags of fresh
mounts of proc and sysfs are consistent with the existing mount of
proc and sysfs. I expected this to be the boring part of the work but
unfortunately unprivileged userspace winds up mounting fresh copies of
proc and sysfs with noexec and nosuid clear when root set those flags
on the previous mount of proc and sysfs. So for now only the atime,
read-only and nodev attributes which userspace happens to keep
consistent are enforced. Dealing with the noexec and nosuid
attributes remains for another time.

This set of changes also addresses an issue with how open file
descriptors from /proc/<pid>/ns/* are displayed. Recently readlink of
/proc/<pid>/fd has been triggering a WARN_ON that has not been
meaningful since it was added (as all of the code in the kernel was
converted) and is not now actively wrong.

There is also a short list of issues that have not been fixed yet that
I will mention briefly.

It is possible to rename a directory from below to above a bind mount.
At which point any directory pointers below the renamed directory can
be walked up to the root directory of the filesystem. With user
namespaces enabled a bind mount of the bind mount can be created
allowing the user to pick a directory whose children they can rename
to outside of the bind mount. This is challenging to fix and doubly
so because all obvious solutions must touch code that is in the
performance part of pathname resolution.

As mentioned above there is also a question of how to ensure that
developers by accident or with purpose do not introduce exectuable
files on sysfs and proc and in doing so introduce security regressions
in the current userspace that will not be immediately obvious and as
such are likely to require breaking userspace in painful ways once
they are recognized"

* 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/ebiederm/user-namespace:
vfs: Remove incorrect debugging WARN in prepend_path
mnt: Update fs_fully_visible to test for permanently empty directories
sysfs: Create mountpoints with sysfs_create_mount_point
sysfs: Add support for permanently empty directories to serve as mount points.
kernfs: Add support for always empty directories.
proc: Allow creating permanently empty directories that serve as mount points
sysctl: Allow creating permanently empty directories that serve as mountpoints.
fs: Add helper functions for permanently empty directories.
vfs: Ignore unlocked mounts in fs_fully_visible
mnt: Modify fs_fully_visible to deal with locked ro nodev and atime
mnt: Refactor the logic for mounting sysfs and proc in a user namespace

arch/s390/hypfs/inode.c

···
 	.show_options	= hypfs_show_options,
 };
 
-static struct kobject *s390_kobj;
-
 static int __init hypfs_init(void)
 {
 	int rc;
···
 		rc = -ENODATA;
 		goto fail_hypfs_sprp_exit;
 	}
-	s390_kobj = kobject_create_and_add("s390", hypervisor_kobj);
-	if (!s390_kobj) {
-		rc = -ENOMEM;
+	rc = sysfs_create_mount_point(hypervisor_kobj, "s390");
+	if (rc)
 		goto fail_hypfs_diag0c_exit;
-	}
 	rc = register_filesystem(&hypfs_type);
 	if (rc)
 		goto fail_filesystem;
 	return 0;
 
 fail_filesystem:
-	kobject_put(s390_kobj);
+	sysfs_remove_mount_point(hypervisor_kobj, "s390");
 fail_hypfs_diag0c_exit:
 	hypfs_diag0c_exit();
 fail_hypfs_sprp_exit:
···
 static void __exit hypfs_exit(void)
 {
 	unregister_filesystem(&hypfs_type);
-	kobject_put(s390_kobj);
+	sysfs_remove_mount_point(hypervisor_kobj, "s390");
 	hypfs_diag0c_exit();
 	hypfs_sprp_exit();
 	hypfs_vm_exit();

drivers/firmware/efi/efi.c

···
 early_param("efi", parse_efi_cmdline);
 
 struct kobject *efi_kobj;
-static struct kobject *efivars_kobj;
 
 /*
  * Let's not leave out systab information that snuck into
···
 		goto err_remove_group;
 
 	/* and the standard mountpoint for efivarfs */
-	efivars_kobj = kobject_create_and_add("efivars", efi_kobj);
-	if (!efivars_kobj) {
+	error = sysfs_create_mount_point(efi_kobj, "efivars");
+	if (error) {
 		pr_err("efivars: Subsystem registration failed.\n");
-		error = -ENOMEM;
 		goto err_remove_group;
 	}
 

fs/configfs/mount.c

···
 }
 
 
-static struct kobject *config_kobj;
-
 static int __init configfs_init(void)
 {
 	int err = -ENOMEM;
···
 	if (!configfs_dir_cachep)
 		goto out;
 
-	config_kobj = kobject_create_and_add("config", kernel_kobj);
-	if (!config_kobj)
+	err = sysfs_create_mount_point(kernel_kobj, "config");
+	if (err)
 		goto out2;
 
 	err = register_filesystem(&configfs_fs_type);
···
 	return 0;
 out3:
 	pr_err("Unable to register filesystem!\n");
-	kobject_put(config_kobj);
+	sysfs_remove_mount_point(kernel_kobj, "config");
 out2:
 	kmem_cache_destroy(configfs_dir_cachep);
 	configfs_dir_cachep = NULL;
···
 static void __exit configfs_exit(void)
 {
 	unregister_filesystem(&configfs_fs_type);
-	kobject_put(config_kobj);
+	sysfs_remove_mount_point(kernel_kobj, "config");
 	kmem_cache_destroy(configfs_dir_cachep);
 	configfs_dir_cachep = NULL;
 }

fs/dcache.c

···
 				vfsmnt = &mnt->mnt;
 				continue;
 			}
-			/*
-			 * Filesystems needing to implement special "root names"
-			 * should do so with ->d_dname()
-			 */
-			if (IS_ROOT(dentry) &&
-			   (dentry->d_name.len != 1 ||
-			    dentry->d_name.name[0] != '/')) {
-				WARN(1, "Root dentry has weird name <%.*s>\n",
-				     (int) dentry->d_name.len,
-				     dentry->d_name.name);
-			}
 			if (!error)
 				error = is_mounted(vfsmnt) ? 1 : 2;
 			break;

fs/debugfs/inode.c

···
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(debugfs_initialized);
 
-
-static struct kobject *debug_kobj;
-
 static int __init debugfs_init(void)
 {
 	int retval;
 
-	debug_kobj = kobject_create_and_add("debug", kernel_kobj);
-	if (!debug_kobj)
-		return -EINVAL;
+	retval = sysfs_create_mount_point(kernel_kobj, "debug");
+	if (retval)
+		return retval;
 
 	retval = register_filesystem(&debug_fs_type);
 	if (retval)
-		kobject_put(debug_kobj);
+		sysfs_remove_mount_point(kernel_kobj, "debug");
 	else
 		debugfs_registered = true;
 

fs/fuse/inode.c

···
 }
 
 static struct kobject *fuse_kobj;
-static struct kobject *connections_kobj;
 
 static int fuse_sysfs_init(void)
 {
···
 		goto out_err;
 	}
 
-	connections_kobj = kobject_create_and_add("connections", fuse_kobj);
-	if (!connections_kobj) {
-		err = -ENOMEM;
+	err = sysfs_create_mount_point(fuse_kobj, "connections");
+	if (err)
 		goto out_fuse_unregister;
-	}
 
 	return 0;
 
···
 
 static void fuse_sysfs_cleanup(void)
 {
-	kobject_put(connections_kobj);
+	sysfs_remove_mount_point(fuse_kobj, "connections");
 	kobject_put(fuse_kobj);
 }
 

fs/kernfs/dir.c

···
 		goto out_unlock;
 
 	ret = -ENOENT;
+	if (parent->flags & KERNFS_EMPTY_DIR)
+		goto out_unlock;
+
 	if ((parent->flags & KERNFS_ACTIVATED) && !kernfs_active(parent))
 		goto out_unlock;
 
···
 	kn->dir.root = parent->dir.root;
 	kn->ns = ns;
 	kn->priv = priv;
+
+	/* link in */
+	rc = kernfs_add_one(kn);
+	if (!rc)
+		return kn;
+
+	kernfs_put(kn);
+	return ERR_PTR(rc);
+}
+
+/**
+ * kernfs_create_empty_dir - create an always empty directory
+ * @parent: parent in which to create a new directory
+ * @name: name of the new directory
+ *
+ * Returns the created node on success, ERR_PTR() value on failure.
+ */
+struct kernfs_node *kernfs_create_empty_dir(struct kernfs_node *parent,
+					    const char *name)
+{
+	struct kernfs_node *kn;
+	int rc;
+
+	/* allocate */
+	kn = kernfs_new_node(parent, name, S_IRUGO|S_IXUGO|S_IFDIR, KERNFS_DIR);
+	if (!kn)
+		return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);
+
+	kn->flags |= KERNFS_EMPTY_DIR;
+	kn->dir.root = parent->dir.root;
+	kn->ns = NULL;
+	kn->priv = NULL;
 
 	/* link in */
 	rc = kernfs_add_one(kn);
···
 	mutex_lock(&kernfs_mutex);
 
 	error = -ENOENT;
-	if (!kernfs_active(kn) || !kernfs_active(new_parent))
+	if (!kernfs_active(kn) || !kernfs_active(new_parent) ||
+	    (new_parent->flags & KERNFS_EMPTY_DIR))
 		goto out;
 
 	error = 0;

fs/kernfs/inode.c

···
 	case KERNFS_DIR:
 		inode->i_op = &kernfs_dir_iops;
 		inode->i_fop = &kernfs_dir_fops;
+		if (kn->flags & KERNFS_EMPTY_DIR)
+			make_empty_dir_inode(inode);
 		break;
 	case KERNFS_FILE:
 		inode->i_size = kn->attr.size;

fs/libfs.c

···
 	.readlink = generic_readlink
 };
 EXPORT_SYMBOL(simple_symlink_inode_operations);
+
+/*
+ * Operations for a permanently empty directory.
+ */
+static struct dentry *empty_dir_lookup(struct inode *dir, struct dentry *dentry, unsigned int flags)
+{
+	return ERR_PTR(-ENOENT);
+}
+
+static int empty_dir_getattr(struct vfsmount *mnt, struct dentry *dentry,
+				 struct kstat *stat)
+{
+	struct inode *inode = d_inode(dentry);
+	generic_fillattr(inode, stat);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int empty_dir_setattr(struct dentry *dentry, struct iattr *attr)
+{
+	return -EPERM;
+}
+
+static int empty_dir_setxattr(struct dentry *dentry, const char *name,
+			      const void *value, size_t size, int flags)
+{
+	return -EOPNOTSUPP;
+}
+
+static ssize_t empty_dir_getxattr(struct dentry *dentry, const char *name,
+				  void *value, size_t size)
+{
+	return -EOPNOTSUPP;
+}
+
+static int empty_dir_removexattr(struct dentry *dentry, const char *name)
+{
+	return -EOPNOTSUPP;
+}
+
+static ssize_t empty_dir_listxattr(struct dentry *dentry, char *list, size_t size)
+{
+	return -EOPNOTSUPP;
+}
+
+static const struct inode_operations empty_dir_inode_operations = {
+	.lookup		= empty_dir_lookup,
+	.permission	= generic_permission,
+	.setattr	= empty_dir_setattr,
+	.getattr	= empty_dir_getattr,
+	.setxattr	= empty_dir_setxattr,
+	.getxattr	= empty_dir_getxattr,
+	.removexattr	= empty_dir_removexattr,
+	.listxattr	= empty_dir_listxattr,
+};
+
+static loff_t empty_dir_llseek(struct file *file, loff_t offset, int whence)
+{
+	/* An empty directory has two entries . and .. at offsets 0 and 1 */
+	return generic_file_llseek_size(file, offset, whence, 2, 2);
+}
+
+static int empty_dir_readdir(struct file *file, struct dir_context *ctx)
+{
+	dir_emit_dots(file, ctx);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static const struct file_operations empty_dir_operations = {
+	.llseek		= empty_dir_llseek,
+	.read		= generic_read_dir,
+	.iterate	= empty_dir_readdir,
+	.fsync		= noop_fsync,
+};
+
+
+void make_empty_dir_inode(struct inode *inode)
+{
+	set_nlink(inode, 2);
+	inode->i_mode = S_IFDIR | S_IRUGO | S_IXUGO;
+	inode->i_uid = GLOBAL_ROOT_UID;
+	inode->i_gid = GLOBAL_ROOT_GID;
+	inode->i_rdev = 0;
+	inode->i_size = 2;
+	inode->i_blkbits = PAGE_SHIFT;
+	inode->i_blocks = 0;
+
+	inode->i_op = &empty_dir_inode_operations;
+	inode->i_fop = &empty_dir_operations;
+}
+
+bool is_empty_dir_inode(struct inode *inode)
+{
+	return (inode->i_fop == &empty_dir_operations) &&
+		(inode->i_op == &empty_dir_inode_operations);
+}

fs/namespace.c

···
 	return err;
 }
 
+static bool fs_fully_visible(struct file_system_type *fs_type, int *new_mnt_flags);
+
 /*
  * create a new mount for userspace and request it to be added into the
  * namespace's tree
···
 		if (!(type->fs_flags & FS_USERNS_DEV_MOUNT)) {
 			flags |= MS_NODEV;
 			mnt_flags |= MNT_NODEV | MNT_LOCK_NODEV;
+		}
+		if (type->fs_flags & FS_USERNS_VISIBLE) {
+			if (!fs_fully_visible(type, &mnt_flags))
+				return -EPERM;
 		}
 	}
 
···
 	return chrooted;
 }
 
-bool fs_fully_visible(struct file_system_type *type)
+static bool fs_fully_visible(struct file_system_type *type, int *new_mnt_flags)
 {
 	struct mnt_namespace *ns = current->nsproxy->mnt_ns;
+	int new_flags = *new_mnt_flags;
 	struct mount *mnt;
 	bool visible = false;
 
···
 		if (mnt->mnt.mnt_root != mnt->mnt.mnt_sb->s_root)
 			continue;
 
-		/* This mount is not fully visible if there are any child mounts
-		 * that cover anything except for empty directories.
+		/* Verify the mount flags are equal to or more permissive
+		 * than the proposed new mount.
+		 */
+		if ((mnt->mnt.mnt_flags & MNT_LOCK_READONLY) &&
+		    !(new_flags & MNT_READONLY))
+			continue;
+		if ((mnt->mnt.mnt_flags & MNT_LOCK_NODEV) &&
+		    !(new_flags & MNT_NODEV))
+			continue;
+		if ((mnt->mnt.mnt_flags & MNT_LOCK_ATIME) &&
+		    ((mnt->mnt.mnt_flags & MNT_ATIME_MASK) != (new_flags & MNT_ATIME_MASK)))
+			continue;
+
+		/* This mount is not fully visible if there are any
+		 * locked child mounts that cover anything except for
+		 * empty directories.
 		 */
 		list_for_each_entry(child, &mnt->mnt_mounts, mnt_child) {
 			struct inode *inode = child->mnt_mountpoint->d_inode;
-			if (!S_ISDIR(inode->i_mode))
-				goto next;
-			if (inode->i_nlink > 2)
+			/* Only worry about locked mounts */
+			if (!(mnt->mnt.mnt_flags & MNT_LOCKED))
+				continue;
+			/* Is the directory permanetly empty? */
+			if (!is_empty_dir_inode(inode))
 				goto next;
 		}
+		/* Preserve the locked attributes */
+		*new_mnt_flags |= mnt->mnt.mnt_flags & (MNT_LOCK_READONLY | \
+							MNT_LOCK_NODEV    | \
+							MNT_LOCK_ATIME);
 		visible = true;
 		goto found;
 	next:	;

fs/proc/generic.c

···
 		WARN(1, "create '/proc/%s' by hand\n", qstr.name);
 		return NULL;
 	}
+	if (is_empty_pde(*parent)) {
+		WARN(1, "attempt to add to permanently empty directory");
+		return NULL;
+	}
 
 	ent = kzalloc(sizeof(struct proc_dir_entry) + qstr.len + 1, GFP_KERNEL);
 	if (!ent)
···
 	return proc_mkdir_data(name, 0, parent, NULL);
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL(proc_mkdir);
+
+struct proc_dir_entry *proc_create_mount_point(const char *name)
+{
+	umode_t mode = S_IFDIR | S_IRUGO | S_IXUGO;
+	struct proc_dir_entry *ent, *parent = NULL;
+
+	ent = __proc_create(&parent, name, mode, 2);
+	if (ent) {
+		ent->data = NULL;
+		ent->proc_fops = NULL;
+		ent->proc_iops = NULL;
+		if (proc_register(parent, ent) < 0) {
+			kfree(ent);
+			parent->nlink--;
+			ent = NULL;
+		}
+	}
+	return ent;
+}
 
 struct proc_dir_entry *proc_create_data(const char *name, umode_t mode,
 					struct proc_dir_entry *parent,

fs/proc/inode.c

···
 		inode->i_mtime = inode->i_atime = inode->i_ctime = CURRENT_TIME;
 		PROC_I(inode)->pde = de;
 
+		if (is_empty_pde(de)) {
+			make_empty_dir_inode(inode);
+			return inode;
+		}
 		if (de->mode) {
 			inode->i_mode = de->mode;
 			inode->i_uid = de->uid;

fs/proc/internal.h

···
 }
 extern void pde_put(struct proc_dir_entry *);
 
+static inline bool is_empty_pde(const struct proc_dir_entry *pde)
+{
+	return S_ISDIR(pde->mode) && !pde->proc_iops;
+}
+struct proc_dir_entry *proc_create_mount_point(const char *name);
+
 /*
  * inode.c
  */

fs/proc/proc_sysctl.c

···
 static const struct file_operations proc_sys_dir_file_operations;
 static const struct inode_operations proc_sys_dir_operations;
 
+/* Support for permanently empty directories */
+
+struct ctl_table sysctl_mount_point[] = {
+	{ }
+};
+
+static bool is_empty_dir(struct ctl_table_header *head)
+{
+	return head->ctl_table[0].child == sysctl_mount_point;
+}
+
+static void set_empty_dir(struct ctl_dir *dir)
+{
+	dir->header.ctl_table[0].child = sysctl_mount_point;
+}
+
+static void clear_empty_dir(struct ctl_dir *dir)
+
+{
+	dir->header.ctl_table[0].child = NULL;
+}
+
 void proc_sys_poll_notify(struct ctl_table_poll *poll)
 {
 	if (!poll)
···
 	struct ctl_table *entry;
 	int err;
 
+	/* Is this a permanently empty directory? */
+	if (is_empty_dir(&dir->header))
+		return -EROFS;
+
+	/* Am I creating a permanently empty directory? */
+	if (header->ctl_table == sysctl_mount_point) {
+		if (!RB_EMPTY_ROOT(&dir->root))
+			return -EINVAL;
+		set_empty_dir(dir);
+	}
+
 	dir->header.nreg++;
 	header->parent = dir;
 	err = insert_links(header);
···
 	erase_header(header);
 	put_links(header);
 fail_links:
+	if (header->ctl_table == sysctl_mount_point)
+		clear_empty_dir(dir);
 	header->parent = NULL;
 	drop_sysctl_table(&dir->header);
 	return err;
···
 		inode->i_mode |= S_IFDIR;
 		inode->i_op = &proc_sys_dir_operations;
 		inode->i_fop = &proc_sys_dir_file_operations;
+		if (is_empty_dir(head))
+			make_empty_dir_inode(inode);
 	}
 out:
 	return inode;

fs/proc/root.c

···
 		ns = task_active_pid_ns(current);
 		options = data;
 
-		if (!capable(CAP_SYS_ADMIN) && !fs_fully_visible(fs_type))
-			return ERR_PTR(-EPERM);
-
 		/* Does the mounter have privilege over the pid namespace? */
 		if (!ns_capable(ns->user_ns, CAP_SYS_ADMIN))
 			return ERR_PTR(-EPERM);
···
 	.name		= "proc",
 	.mount		= proc_mount,
 	.kill_sb	= proc_kill_sb,
-	.fs_flags	= FS_USERNS_MOUNT,
+	.fs_flags	= FS_USERNS_VISIBLE | FS_USERNS_MOUNT,
 };
 
 void __init proc_root_init(void)
···
 #endif
 	proc_mkdir("fs", NULL);
 	proc_mkdir("driver", NULL);
-	proc_mkdir("fs/nfsd", NULL); /* somewhere for the nfsd filesystem to be mounted */
+	proc_create_mount_point("fs/nfsd"); /* somewhere for the nfsd filesystem to be mounted */
 #if defined(CONFIG_SUN_OPENPROMFS) || defined(CONFIG_SUN_OPENPROMFS_MODULE)
 	/* just give it a mountpoint */
-	proc_mkdir("openprom", NULL);
+	proc_create_mount_point("openprom");
 #endif
 	proc_tty_init();
 	proc_mkdir("bus", NULL);

fs/pstore/inode.c

···
 	.kill_sb	= pstore_kill_sb,
 };
 
-static struct kobject *pstore_kobj;
-
 static int __init init_pstore_fs(void)
 {
-	int err = 0;
+	int err;
 
 	/* Create a convenient mount point for people to access pstore */
-	pstore_kobj = kobject_create_and_add("pstore", fs_kobj);
-	if (!pstore_kobj) {
-		err = -ENOMEM;
+	err = sysfs_create_mount_point(fs_kobj, "pstore");
+	if (err)
 		goto out;
-	}
 
 	err = register_filesystem(&pstore_fs_type);
 	if (err < 0)
-		kobject_put(pstore_kobj);
+		sysfs_remove_mount_point(fs_kobj, "pstore");
 
 out:
 	return err;

fs/sysfs/dir.c

···
 
 	return kernfs_rename_ns(kn, new_parent, kn->name, new_ns);
 }
+
+/**
+ * sysfs_create_mount_point - create an always empty directory
+ * @parent_kobj:  kobject that will contain this always empty directory
+ * @name: The name of the always empty directory to add
+ */
+int sysfs_create_mount_point(struct kobject *parent_kobj, const char *name)
+{
+	struct kernfs_node *kn, *parent = parent_kobj->sd;
+
+	kn = kernfs_create_empty_dir(parent, name);
+	if (IS_ERR(kn)) {
+		if (PTR_ERR(kn) == -EEXIST)
+			sysfs_warn_dup(parent, name);
+		return PTR_ERR(kn);
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(sysfs_create_mount_point);
+
+/**
+ *	sysfs_remove_mount_point - remove an always empty directory.
+ *	@parent_kobj: kobject that will contain this always empty directory
+ *	@name: The name of the always empty directory to remove
+ *
+ */
+void sysfs_remove_mount_point(struct kobject *parent_kobj, const char *name)
+{
+	struct kernfs_node *parent = parent_kobj->sd;
+
+	kernfs_remove_by_name_ns(parent, name, NULL);
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(sysfs_remove_mount_point);

fs/sysfs/mount.c

···
 	bool new_sb;
 
 	if (!(flags & MS_KERNMOUNT)) {
-		if (!capable(CAP_SYS_ADMIN) && !fs_fully_visible(fs_type))
-			return ERR_PTR(-EPERM);
-
 		if (!kobj_ns_current_may_mount(KOBJ_NS_TYPE_NET))
 			return ERR_PTR(-EPERM);
 	}
···
 	.name		= "sysfs",
 	.mount		= sysfs_mount,
 	.kill_sb	= sysfs_kill_sb,
-	.fs_flags	= FS_USERNS_MOUNT,
+	.fs_flags	= FS_USERNS_VISIBLE | FS_USERNS_MOUNT,
 };
 
 int __init sysfs_init(void)

fs/tracefs/inode.c

···
 	return tracefs_registered;
 }
 
-static struct kobject *trace_kobj;
-
 static int __init tracefs_init(void)
 {
 	int retval;
 
-	trace_kobj = kobject_create_and_add("tracing", kernel_kobj);
-	if (!trace_kobj)
+	retval = sysfs_create_mount_point(kernel_kobj, "tracing");
+	if (retval)
 		return -EINVAL;
 
 	retval = register_filesystem(&trace_fs_type);

include/linux/fs.h

···
 #define FS_HAS_SUBTYPE		4
 #define FS_USERNS_MOUNT		8	/* Can be mounted by userns root */
 #define FS_USERNS_DEV_MOUNT	16 /* A userns mount does not imply MNT_NODEV */
+#define FS_USERNS_VISIBLE	32	/* FS must already be visible */
 #define FS_RENAME_DOES_D_MOVE	32768	/* FS will handle d_move() during rename() internally. */
 	struct dentry *(*mount) (struct file_system_type *, int,
 		       const char *, void *);
···
 extern int freeze_super(struct super_block *super);
 extern int thaw_super(struct super_block *super);
 extern bool our_mnt(struct vfsmount *mnt);
-extern bool fs_fully_visible(struct file_system_type *);
 
 extern int current_umask(void);
 
···
 extern ssize_t generic_read_dir(struct file *, char __user *, size_t, loff_t *);
 extern const struct file_operations simple_dir_operations;
 extern const struct inode_operations simple_dir_inode_operations;
+extern void make_empty_dir_inode(struct inode *inode);
+extern bool is_empty_dir_inode(struct inode *inode);
 struct tree_descr { char *name; const struct file_operations *ops; int mode; };
 struct dentry *d_alloc_name(struct dentry *, const char *);
 extern int simple_fill_super(struct super_block *, unsigned long, struct tree_descr *);

include/linux/kernfs.h

···
 	KERNFS_LOCKDEP		= 0x0100,
 	KERNFS_SUICIDAL		= 0x0400,
 	KERNFS_SUICIDED		= 0x0800,
+	KERNFS_EMPTY_DIR	= 0x1000,
 };
 
 /* @flags for kernfs_create_root() */
···
 struct kernfs_node *kernfs_create_dir_ns(struct kernfs_node *parent,
 					 const char *name, umode_t mode,
 					 void *priv, const void *ns);
+struct kernfs_node *kernfs_create_empty_dir(struct kernfs_node *parent,
+					    const char *name);
 struct kernfs_node *__kernfs_create_file(struct kernfs_node *parent,
 					 const char *name,
 					 umode_t mode, loff_t size,

include/linux/sysctl.h

···
 void unregister_sysctl_table(struct ctl_table_header * table);
 
 extern int sysctl_init(void);
+
+extern struct ctl_table sysctl_mount_point[];
+
 #else /* CONFIG_SYSCTL */
 static inline struct ctl_table_header *register_sysctl_table(struct ctl_table * table)
 {

include/linux/sysfs.h

···
 int __must_check sysfs_move_dir_ns(struct kobject *kobj,
 				   struct kobject *new_parent_kobj,
 				   const void *new_ns);
+int __must_check sysfs_create_mount_point(struct kobject *parent_kobj,
+					  const char *name);
+void sysfs_remove_mount_point(struct kobject *parent_kobj,
+			      const char *name);
 
 int __must_check sysfs_create_file_ns(struct kobject *kobj,
 				      const struct attribute *attr,
···
 				    const void *new_ns)
 {
 	return 0;
+}
+
+static inline int sysfs_create_mount_point(struct kobject *parent_kobj,
+					   const char *name)
+{
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static inline void sysfs_remove_mount_point(struct kobject *parent_kobj,
+					    const char *name)
+{
 }
 
 static inline int sysfs_create_file_ns(struct kobject *kobj,

kernel/cgroup.c

···
 	.kill_sb = cgroup_kill_sb,
 };
 
-static struct kobject *cgroup_kobj;
-
 /**
  * task_cgroup_path - cgroup path of a task in the first cgroup hierarchy
  * @task: target task
···
 			ss->bind(init_css_set.subsys[ssid]);
 	}
 
-	cgroup_kobj = kobject_create_and_add("cgroup", fs_kobj);
-	if (!cgroup_kobj)
-		return -ENOMEM;
+	err = sysfs_create_mount_point(fs_kobj, "cgroup");
+	if (err)
+		return err;
 
 	err = register_filesystem(&cgroup_fs_type);
 	if (err < 0) {
-		kobject_put(cgroup_kobj);
+		sysfs_remove_mount_point(fs_kobj, "cgroup");
 		return err;
 	}
 

kernel/sysctl.c

···
 	{ }
 };
 
-#if defined(CONFIG_BINFMT_MISC) || defined(CONFIG_BINFMT_MISC_MODULE)
-static struct ctl_table binfmt_misc_table[] = {
-	{ }
-};
-#endif
-
 static struct ctl_table fs_table[] = {
 	{
 		.procname	= "inode-nr",
···
 	{
 		.procname	= "binfmt_misc",
 		.mode		= 0555,
-		.child		= binfmt_misc_table,
+		.child		= sysctl_mount_point,
 	},
 #endif
 	{

security/inode.c

···
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(securityfs_remove);
 
-static struct kobject *security_kobj;
-
 static int __init securityfs_init(void)
 {
 	int retval;
 
-	security_kobj = kobject_create_and_add("security", kernel_kobj);
-	if (!security_kobj)
-		return -EINVAL;
+	retval = sysfs_create_mount_point(kernel_kobj, "security");
+	if (retval)
+		return retval;
 
 	retval = register_filesystem(&fs_type);
 	if (retval)
-		kobject_put(security_kobj);
+		sysfs_remove_mount_point(kernel_kobj, "security");
 	return retval;
 }
 

security/selinux/selinuxfs.c

···
 };
 
 struct vfsmount *selinuxfs_mount;
-static struct kobject *selinuxfs_kobj;
 
 static int __init init_sel_fs(void)
 {
···
 	if (!selinux_enabled)
 		return 0;
 
-	selinuxfs_kobj = kobject_create_and_add("selinux", fs_kobj);
-	if (!selinuxfs_kobj)
-		return -ENOMEM;
+	err = sysfs_create_mount_point(fs_kobj, "selinux");
+	if (err)
+		return err;
 
 	err = register_filesystem(&sel_fs_type);
 	if (err) {
-		kobject_put(selinuxfs_kobj);
+		sysfs_remove_mount_point(fs_kobj, "selinux");
 		return err;
 	}
 
···
 #ifdef CONFIG_SECURITY_SELINUX_DISABLE
 void exit_sel_fs(void)
 {
-	kobject_put(selinuxfs_kobj);
+	sysfs_remove_mount_point(fs_kobj, "selinux");
 	kern_unmount(selinuxfs_mount);
 	unregister_filesystem(&sel_fs_type);
 }

security/smack/smackfs.c

···
 	.llseek		= generic_file_llseek,
 };
 
-static struct kset *smackfs_kset;
 /**
  * smk_init_sysfs - initialize /sys/fs/smackfs
  *
  */
 static int smk_init_sysfs(void)
 {
-	smackfs_kset = kset_create_and_add("smackfs", NULL, fs_kobj);
-	if (!smackfs_kset)
-		return -ENOMEM;
+	int err;
+	err = sysfs_create_mount_point(fs_kobj, "smackfs");
+	if (err)
+		return err;
 	return 0;
 }