riscv/spinlock: Strengthen implementations with fences

Current implementations map locking operations using .rl and .aq
annotations. However, this mapping is unsound w.r.t. the kernel
memory consistency model (LKMM) [1]:

Referring to the "unlock-lock-read-ordering" test reported below,
Daniel wrote:

"I think an RCpc interpretation of .aq and .rl would in fact
allow the two normal loads in P1 to be reordered [...]

The intuition would be that the amoswap.w.aq can forward from
the amoswap.w.rl while that's still in the store buffer, and
then the lw x3,0(x4) can also perform while the amoswap.w.rl
is still in the store buffer, all before the l1 x1,0(x2)
executes. That's not forbidden unless the amoswaps are RCsc,
unless I'm missing something.

Likewise even if the unlock()/lock() is between two stores.
A control dependency might originate from the load part of
the amoswap.w.aq, but there still would have to be something
to ensure that this load part in fact performs after the store
part of the amoswap.w.rl performs globally, and that's not
automatic under RCpc."

Simulation of the RISC-V memory consistency model confirmed this
expectation.

In order to "synchronize" LKMM and RISC-V's implementation, this
commit strengthens the implementations of the locking operations
by replacing .rl and .aq with the use of ("lightweigth") fences,
resp., "fence rw, w" and "fence r , rw".

C unlock-lock-read-ordering

{}
/* s initially owned by P1 */

P0(int *x, int *y)
{
WRITE_ONCE(*x, 1);
smp_wmb();
WRITE_ONCE(*y, 1);
}

P1(int *x, int *y, spinlock_t *s)
{
int r0;
int r1;

r0 = READ_ONCE(*y);
spin_unlock(s);
spin_lock(s);
r1 = READ_ONCE(*x);
}

exists (1:r0=1 /\ 1:r1=0)

[1] https://marc.info/?l=linux-kernel&m=151930201102853&w=2
https://groups.google.com/a/groups.riscv.org/forum/#!topic/isa-dev/hKywNHBkAXM
https://marc.info/?l=linux-kernel&m=151633436614259&w=2

Signed-off-by: Andrea Parri <[e-mail]>
Cc: Palmer Dabbelt <[e-mail]>
Cc: Albert Ou <[e-mail]>
Cc: Daniel Lustig <[e-mail]>
Cc: Alan Stern <[e-mail]>
Cc: Will Deacon <[e-mail]>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <[e-mail]>
Cc: Boqun Feng <[e-mail]>
Cc: Nicholas Piggin <[e-mail]>
Cc: David Howells <[e-mail]>
Cc: Jade Alglave <[e-mail]>
Cc: Luc Maranget <[e-mail]>
Cc: "Paul E. McKenney" <[e-mail]>
Cc: Akira Yokosawa <[e-mail]>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <[e-mail]>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <[e-mail]>
Cc: [e-mail]
Cc: [e-mail]
Signed-off-by: Palmer Dabbelt <[e-mail]>

arch/riscv/include/asm/fence.h

···
+#ifndef _ASM_RISCV_FENCE_H
+#define _ASM_RISCV_FENCE_H
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_SMP
+#define RISCV_ACQUIRE_BARRIER		"\tfence r , rw\n"
+#define RISCV_RELEASE_BARRIER		"\tfence rw,  w\n"
+#else
+#define RISCV_ACQUIRE_BARRIER
+#define RISCV_RELEASE_BARRIER
+#endif
+
+#endif	/* _ASM_RISCV_FENCE_H */

arch/riscv/include/asm/spinlock.h

···
 
 #include <linux/kernel.h>
 #include <asm/current.h>
+#include <asm/fence.h>
 
 /*
  * Simple spin lock operations.  These provide no fairness guarantees.
···
 
 static inline void arch_spin_unlock(arch_spinlock_t *lock)
 {
-	__asm__ __volatile__ (
-		"amoswap.w.rl x0, x0, %0"
-		: "=A" (lock->lock)
-		:: "memory");
+	smp_store_release(&lock->lock, 0);
 }
 
 static inline int arch_spin_trylock(arch_spinlock_t *lock)
···
 	int tmp = 1, busy;
 
 	__asm__ __volatile__ (
-		"amoswap.w.aq %0, %2, %1"
+		"	amoswap.w %0, %2, %1\n"
+		RISCV_ACQUIRE_BARRIER
 		: "=r" (busy), "+A" (lock->lock)
 		: "r" (tmp)
 		: "memory");
···
 		"1:	lr.w	%1, %0\n"
 		"	bltz	%1, 1b\n"
 		"	addi	%1, %1, 1\n"
-		"	sc.w.aq	%1, %1, %0\n"
+		"	sc.w	%1, %1, %0\n"
 		"	bnez	%1, 1b\n"
+		RISCV_ACQUIRE_BARRIER
 		: "+A" (lock->lock), "=&r" (tmp)
 		:: "memory");
 }
···
 		"1:	lr.w	%1, %0\n"
 		"	bnez	%1, 1b\n"
 		"	li	%1, -1\n"
-		"	sc.w.aq	%1, %1, %0\n"
+		"	sc.w	%1, %1, %0\n"
 		"	bnez	%1, 1b\n"
+		RISCV_ACQUIRE_BARRIER
 		: "+A" (lock->lock), "=&r" (tmp)
 		:: "memory");
 }
···
 		"1:	lr.w	%1, %0\n"
 		"	bltz	%1, 1f\n"
 		"	addi	%1, %1, 1\n"
-		"	sc.w.aq	%1, %1, %0\n"
+		"	sc.w	%1, %1, %0\n"
 		"	bnez	%1, 1b\n"
+		RISCV_ACQUIRE_BARRIER
 		"1:\n"
 		: "+A" (lock->lock), "=&r" (busy)
 		:: "memory");
···
 		"1:	lr.w	%1, %0\n"
 		"	bnez	%1, 1f\n"
 		"	li	%1, -1\n"
-		"	sc.w.aq	%1, %1, %0\n"
+		"	sc.w	%1, %1, %0\n"
 		"	bnez	%1, 1b\n"
+		RISCV_ACQUIRE_BARRIER
 		"1:\n"
 		: "+A" (lock->lock), "=&r" (busy)
 		:: "memory");
···
 static inline void arch_read_unlock(arch_rwlock_t *lock)
 {
 	__asm__ __volatile__(
-		"amoadd.w.rl x0, %1, %0"
+		RISCV_RELEASE_BARRIER
+		"	amoadd.w x0, %1, %0\n"
 		: "+A" (lock->lock)
 		: "r" (-1)
 		: "memory");
···
 
 static inline void arch_write_unlock(arch_rwlock_t *lock)
 {
-	__asm__ __volatile__ (
-		"amoswap.w.rl x0, x0, %0"
-		: "=A" (lock->lock)
-		:: "memory");
+	smp_store_release(&lock->lock, 0);
 }
 
 #endif /* _ASM_RISCV_SPINLOCK_H */