Merge pull request #248701 from doronbehar/nixos/manpages

nixos/install-tools: Add manpages to packages instead of seperating them

nixos/doc/manual/contributing-to-this-manual.chapter.md

···
 
 ```ShellSession
 $ cd /path/to/nixpkgs
+$ $EDITOR doc/nixos/manual/... # edit the manual
 $ nix-build nixos/release.nix -A manual.x86_64-linux
 ```
 
···
 
 There's also [a convenient development daemon](https://nixos.org/manual/nixpkgs/unstable/#sec-contributing-devmode).
 
-**Contributing to the man pages**
+The above instructions don't deal with the appendix of available `configuration.nix` options, and the manual pages related to NixOS. These are built, and written in a different location and in a different format, as explained in the next sections.
+
+## Contributing to the `configuration.nix` options documentation {#sec-contributing-options}
+
+The documentation for all the different `configuration.nix` options is automatically generated by reading the `description`s of all the NixOS options defined at `nixos/modules/`. If you want to improve such `description`, find it in the `nixos/modules/` directory, and edit it and open a pull request.
+
+To see how your changes render on the web, run again:
+
+```ShellSession
+$ nix-build nixos/release.nix -A manual.x86_64-linux
+```
 
-The man pages are written in [DocBook] which is XML.
+And you'll see the changes to the appendix in the path `result/share/doc/nixos/options.html`.
 
-To see what your edits look like:
+You can also build only the `configuration.nix(5)` manual page, via:
 
 ```ShellSession
 $ cd /path/to/nixpkgs
-$ nix-build nixos/release.nix -A manpages.x86_64-linux
+$ nix-build nixos/release.nix -A nixos-configuration-reference-manpage.x86_64-linux
 ```
 
-You can then read the man page you edited by running
+And observe the result via:
 
 ```ShellSession
-$ man --manpath=result/share/man nixos-rebuild # Replace nixos-rebuild with the command whose manual you edited
+$ man --local-file result/share/man/man5/configuration.nix.5
+```
+
+If you're on a different architecture that's supported by NixOS (check file `nixos/release.nix` on Nixpkgs' repository) then replace `x86_64-linux` with the architecture. `nix-build` will complain otherwise, but should also tell you which architecture you have + the supported ones.
+
+## Contributing to `nixos-*` tools' manpages {#sec-contributing-nixos-tools}
+
+The manual pages for the tools available in the installation image can be found in Nixpkgs by running (e.g for `nixos-rebuild`):
+
+```ShellSession
+$ git ls | grep nixos-rebuild.8
+```
+
+Man pages are written in [`mdoc(7)` format](https://mandoc.bsd.lv/man/mdoc.7.html) and should be portable between mandoc and groff for rendering (except for minor differences, notably different spacing rules.)
+
+For a preview, run `man --local-file path/to/file.8`.
+
+Being written in `mdoc`, these manpages use semantic markup. This following subsections provides a guideline on where to apply which semantic elements.
+
+### Command lines and arguments {#ssec-contributing-nixos-tools-cli-and-args}
+
+In any manpage, commands, flags and arguments to the *current* executable should be marked according to their semantics. Commands, flags and arguments passed to *other* executables should not be marked like this and should instead be considered as code examples and marked with `Ql`.
+
+- Use `Fl` to mark flag arguments, `Ar` for their arguments.
+- Repeating arguments should be marked by adding an ellipsis (spelled with periods, `...`).
+- Use `Cm` to mark literal string arguments, e.g. the `boot` command argument passed to `nixos-rebuild`.
+- Optional flags or arguments should be marked with `Op`. This includes optional repeating arguments.
+- Required flags or arguments should not be marked.
+- Mutually exclusive groups of arguments should be enclosed in curly brackets, preferably created with `Bro`/`Brc` blocks.
+
+When an argument is used in an example it should be marked up with `Ar` again to differentiate it from a constant. For example, a command with a `--host name` option that calls ssh to retrieve the host's local time would signify this thusly:
+```
+This will run
+.Ic ssh Ar name Ic time
+to retrieve the remote time.
+```
+
+### Paths, NixOS options, environment variables {#ssec-contributing-nixos-tools-options-and-environment}
+
+Constant paths should be marked with `Pa`, NixOS options with `Va`, and environment variables with `Ev`.
+
+Generated paths, e.g. `result/bin/run-hostname-vm` (where `hostname` is a variable or arguments) should be marked as `Ql` inline literals with their variable components marked appropriately.
+
+ - When `hostname` refers to an argument, it becomes `.Ql result/bin/run- Ns Ar hostname Ns -vm`
+ - When `hostname` refers to a variable, it becomes `.Ql result/bin/run- Ns Va hostname Ns -vm`
+
+### Code examples and other commands {#ssec-contributing-nixos-tools-code-examples}
+
+In free text names and complete invocations of other commands (e.g. `ssh` or `tar -xvf src.tar`) should be marked with `Ic`, fragments of command lines should be marked with `Ql`.
+
+Larger code blocks or those that cannot be shown inline should use indented literal display block markup for their contents, i.e.
+
+```
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+...
+.Ed
 ```
 
-If you're on a different architecture that's supported by NixOS (check nixos/release.nix) then replace `x86_64-linux` with the architecture.
-`nix-build` will complain otherwise, but should also tell you which architecture you have + the supported ones.
+Contents of code blocks may be marked up further, e.g. if they refer to arguments that will be substituted into them:
 
-[DocBook]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DocBook
+```
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+{
+  config.networking.hostname = "\c
+.Ar hostname Ns \c
+";
+}
+.Ed
+```

nixos/doc/manual/default.nix

···
     '';
 
 
-  # Generate the NixOS manpages.
-  manpages = runCommand "nixos-manpages"
+  # Generate the `man configuration.nix` package
+  nixos-configuration-reference-manpage = runCommand "nixos-configuration-reference-manpage"
     { nativeBuildInputs = [
         buildPackages.installShellFiles
         buildPackages.nixos-render-docs
···
     }
     ''
       # Generate manpages.
-      mkdir -p $out/share/man/man8
-      installManPage ${./manpages}/*
       mkdir -p $out/share/man/man5
       nixos-render-docs -j $NIX_BUILD_CORES options manpage \
         --revision ${lib.escapeShellArg revision} \

nixos/doc/manual/manpages/README.md

···
-# NixOS manpages
-
-This is the collection of NixOS manpages, excluding `configuration.nix(5)`.
-
-Man pages are written in [`mdoc(7)` format](https://mandoc.bsd.lv/man/mdoc.7.html) and should be portable between mandoc and groff for rendering (though minor differences may occur, mandoc and groff seem to have slightly different spacing rules.)
-
-For previewing edited files, you can just run `man -l path/to/file.8` and you will see it rendered.
-
-Being written in `mdoc` these manpages use semantic markup. This file provides a guideline on where to apply which of the semantic elements of `mdoc`.
-
-### Command lines and arguments
-
-In any manpage, commands, flags and arguments to the *current* executable should be marked according to their semantics. Commands, flags and arguments passed to *other* executables should not be marked like this and should instead be considered as code examples and marked with `Ql`.
-
- - Use `Fl` to mark flag arguments, `Ar` for their arguments.
- - Repeating arguments should be marked by adding ellipses (`...`).
- - Use `Cm` to mark literal string arguments, e.g. the `boot` command argument passed to `nixos-rebuild`.
- - Optional flags or arguments should be marked with `Op`. This includes optional repeating arguments.
- - Required flags or arguments should not be marked.
- - Mutually exclusive groups of arguments should be enclosed in curly brackets, preferably created with `Bro`/`Brc` blocks.
-
-When an argument is used in an example it should be marked up with `Ar` again to differentiate it from a constant. For example, a command with a `--host name` flag that calls ssh to retrieve the host's local time would signify this thusly:
-```
-This will run
-.Ic ssh Ar name Ic time
-to retrieve the remote time.
-```
-
-### Paths, NixOS options, environment variables
-
-Constant paths should be marked with `Pa`, NixOS options with `Va`, and environment variables with `Ev`.
-
-Generated paths, e.g. `result/bin/run-hostname-vm` (where `hostname` is a variable or arguments) should be marked as `Ql` inline literals with their variable components marked appropriately.
-
- - Taking `hostname` from an argument become `.Ql result/bin/run- Ns Ar hostname Ns -vm`
- - Taking `hostname` from a variable otherwise defined becomes `.Ql result/bin/run- Ns Va hostname Ns -vm`
-
-### Code examples and other commands
-
-In free text names and complete invocations of other commands (e.g. `ssh` or `tar -xvf src.tar`) should be marked with `Ic`, fragments of command lines should be marked with `Ql`.
-
-Larger code blocks or those that cannot be shown inline should use indented literal display block markup for their contents, i.e.
-```
-.Bd -literal -offset indent
-...
-.Ed
-```
-Contents of code blocks may be marked up further, e.g. if they refer to arguments that will be substituted into them:
-```
-.Bd -literal -offset indent
-{
-  options.hostname = "\c
-.Ar hostname Ns \c
-";
-}
-.Ed
-```

nixos/modules/installer/tools/tools.nix

···
   makeProg = args: pkgs.substituteAll (args // {
     dir = "bin";
     isExecutable = true;
+    nativeBuildInputs = [
+      pkgs.installShellFiles
+    ];
+    postInstall = ''
+      installManPage ${args.manPage}
+    '';
   });
 
   nixos-build-vms = makeProg {
     name = "nixos-build-vms";
     src = ./nixos-build-vms/nixos-build-vms.sh;
     inherit (pkgs) runtimeShell;
+    manPage = ./manpages/nixos-build-vms.8;
   };
 
   nixos-install = makeProg {
···
       nixos-enter
       pkgs.util-linuxMinimal
     ];
+    manPage = ./manpages/nixos-install.8;
   };
 
   nixos-rebuild = pkgs.nixos-rebuild.override { nix = config.nix.package.out; };
···
     btrfs = "${pkgs.btrfs-progs}/bin/btrfs";
     inherit (config.system.nixos-generate-config) configuration desktopConfiguration;
     xserverEnabled = config.services.xserver.enable;
+    manPage = ./manpages/nixos-generate-config.8;
   };
 
   inherit (pkgs) nixos-option;
···
     } // optionalAttrs (config.system.configurationRevision != null) {
       configurationRevision = config.system.configurationRevision;
     });
+    manPage = ./manpages/nixos-version.8;
   };
 
   nixos-enter = makeProg {
···
     path = makeBinPath [
       pkgs.util-linuxMinimal
     ];
+    manPage = ./manpages/nixos-enter.8;
   };
 
 in

nixos/modules/misc/documentation.nix

···
       system.build.manual = manual;
 
       environment.systemPackages = []
-        ++ optional cfg.man.enable manual.manpages
+        ++ optional cfg.man.enable manual.nixos-configuration-reference-manpage
         ++ optionals cfg.doc.enable [ manual.manualHTML nixos-help ];
     })
 

nixos/release.nix

···
   manualHTML = buildFromConfig ({ ... }: { }) (config: config.system.build.manual.manualHTML);
   manual = manualHTML; # TODO(@oxij): remove eventually
   manualEpub = (buildFromConfig ({ ... }: { }) (config: config.system.build.manual.manualEpub));
-  manpages = buildFromConfig ({ ... }: { }) (config: config.system.build.manual.manpages);
+  nixos-configuration-reference-manpage = buildFromConfig ({ ... }: { }) (config: config.system.build.manual.nixos-configuration-reference-manpage);
   options = (buildFromConfig ({ ... }: { }) (config: config.system.build.manual.optionsJSON)).x86_64-linux;
 
 

pkgs/os-specific/linux/nixos-rebuild/default.nix

···
 , nix
 , lib
 , nixosTests
+, installShellFiles
 }:
 let
   fallback = import ./../../../../nixos/modules/installer/tools/nix-fallback-paths.nix;
···
   nix_i686_linux = fallback.i686-linux;
   nix_aarch64_linux = fallback.aarch64-linux;
   path = lib.makeBinPath [ coreutils gnused gnugrep ];
+  nativeBuildInputs = [
+    installShellFiles
+  ];
+  postInstall = ''
+    installManPage ${./nixos-rebuild.8}
+  '';
 
   # run some a simple installer tests to make sure nixos-rebuild still works for them
   passthru.tests = {

pkgs/tools/nix/nixos-install-tools/default.nix

···
     inherit (config.system.build)
       nixos-install nixos-generate-config nixos-enter;
 
-    # Required for --help.
-    inherit (config.system.build.manual) manpages;
+    inherit (config.system.build.manual) nixos-configuration-reference-manpage;
   };
 
   extraOutputsToInstall = ["man"];

pkgs/tools/nix/nixos-option/default.nix

···
-{ lib, stdenv, boost, cmake, pkg-config, nix }:
+{ lib
+, stdenv
+, boost
+, cmake
+, pkg-config
+, installShellFiles
+, nix
+}:
 
 stdenv.mkDerivation {
   name = "nixos-option";
 
   src = ./.;
+  postInstall = ''
+    installManPage ${./nixos-option.8}
+  '';
 
   strictDeps = true;
-  nativeBuildInputs = [ cmake pkg-config ];
-  buildInputs = [ boost nix ];
-  cmakeFlags = [ "-DNIX_DEV_INCLUDEPATH=${nix.dev}/include/nix" ];
+  nativeBuildInputs = [
+    cmake
+    pkg-config
+    installShellFiles
+  ];
+  buildInputs = [
+    boost
+    nix
+  ];
+  cmakeFlags = [
+    "-DNIX_DEV_INCLUDEPATH=${nix.dev}/include/nix"
+  ];
 
   meta = with lib; {
     license = licenses.lgpl2Plus;