doc: Fix missing pre/post hooks everywhere (#318737)

doc/build-helpers/special/checkpoint-build.section.md

···
   helloCheckpoint = prepareCheckpointBuild pkgs.hello;
   changedHello = pkgs.hello.overrideAttrs (_: {
     doCheck = false;
-    patchPhase = ''
+    postPatch = ''
       sed -i 's/Hello, world!/Hello, Nix!/g' src/hello.c
     '';
   });

doc/doc-support/lib-function-docs.nix

···
   ];
 
   installPhase = ''
+    runHook preInstall
+
     cd ..
 
     export NIX_STATE_DIR=$(mktemp -d)
···
     ) libsets}
 
     echo '```' >> "$out/index.md"
+
+    runHook postInstall
   '';
 }

doc/languages-frameworks/bower.section.md

···
     runHook postBuild
   '';
 
-  installPhase = "mv gulpdist $out";
+  installPhase = ''
+    runHook preInstall
+
+    mv gulpdist $out
+
+    runHook postInstall
+  '';
 }
 ```
 

doc/languages-frameworks/emscripten.section.md

···
     cp *.json $out/share
     cp *.rng $out/share
     cp README.md $doc/share/${name}
+
     runHook postInstall
   '';
 

doc/languages-frameworks/java.section.md

···
   nativeBuildInputs = [ makeWrapper ];
 
   installPhase = ''
+    runHook preInstall
+
     mkdir -p $out/bin
     makeWrapper ${jre}/bin/java $out/bin/foo \
       --add-flags "-cp $out/share/java/foo.jar org.foo.Main"
+
+    runHook postInstall
   '';
 }
 ```

doc/languages-frameworks/javascript.section.md

···
 ```nix
 {
   configurePhase = ''
+    runHook preConfigure
+
     ln -s $node_modules node_modules
+
+    runHook postConfigure
   '';
 }
 ```
···
 ```nix
 {
   configurePhase = ''
+    runHook preConfigure
+
     cp -r $node_modules node_modules
     chmod +w node_modules
+
+    runHook postConfigure
   '';
 }
 ```

doc/languages-frameworks/lisp.section.md

···
 ```nix
 {
   buildPhase = ''
+    runHook preBuild
+
     ${sbcl'}/bin/sbcl --load my-build-file.lisp
+
+    runHook postBuild
   '';
 }
 ```

doc/languages-frameworks/swift.section.md

···
 
   # The helper provides a configure snippet that will prepare all dependencies
   # in the correct place, where SwiftPM expects them.
-  configurePhase = generated.configure;
+  configurePhase = ''
+    runHook preConfigure
+
+    ${generated.configure}
+
+    runHook postConfigure
+  '';
 
   installPhase = ''
     runHook preInstall
···
 
 ```nix
 {
-  configurePhase = generated.configure ++ ''
+  configurePhase = ''
+    runHook preConfigure
+
+    ${generated.configure}
+
     # Replace the dependency symlink with a writable copy.
     swiftpmMakeMutable swift-crypto
     # Now apply a patch.
     patch -p1 -d .build/checkouts/swift-crypto -i ${./some-fix.patch}
+
+    runHook postConfigure
   '';
 }
 ```

doc/packages/weechat.section.md

···
     "bar.lua"
   ];
   installPhase = ''
+    runHook preInstall
+
     mkdir $out/share
     cp foo.py $out/share
     cp bar.lua $out/share
+
+    runHook postInstall
   '';
 }
 ```

doc/stdenv/stdenv.chapter.md

···
     util-linux
     qemu
   ];
-  checkPhase = ''[elided]'';
+  # `checkPhase` elided
 })
 ```