feat: initial commit

LICENSE-MIT

···
+Copyright (c) kokiriglade
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any
+person obtaining a copy of this software and associated
+documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in the
+Software without restriction, including without
+limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge,
+publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of
+the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software
+is furnished to do so, subject to the following
+conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice
+shall be included in all copies or substantial portions
+of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF
+ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED
+TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A
+PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT
+SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY
+CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION
+OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR
+IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER
+DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.

README.md

···
+# Minecraft Beta 1.7.3 Documentation
+
+## Licensing
+
+All content [MIT licensed][mit] unless otherwise noted.
+
+The following is [CC-BY-SA-4.0][ccbysa4]:
+
+- `docs/packets.md`
+- `docs/.assets/slots.png`
+
+[mit]: /LICENSE-MIT
+[ccbysa4]: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

docs/blocks.md

···
+# Blocks
+
+For empty data values, assume it to **always** be `0`.
+
+ID is an `i8`, and metadata is an `i8` where the final 4 bits are the _metadata
+nibble_.
+
+| Name                     | ID  | Data                           |
+| ------------------------ | --- | ------------------------------ |
+| Air                      | 0   |                                |
+| Stone                    | 1   |                                |
+| Grass Block              | 2   |                                |
+| Dirt                     | 3   |                                |
+| Cobblestone              | 4   |                                |
+| Wooden Planks            | 5   |                                |
+| Oak Sapling              | 6   | `0`                            |
+| Spruce Sapling           | 6   | `1`                            |
+| Birch Sapling            | 6   | `2`                            |
+| Bedrock                  | 7   |                                |
+| Water (Flowing)          | 8   | [See below][fluid]             |
+| Water (Still)            | 9   |                                |
+| Lava (Flowing)           | 10  | [See below][fluid]             |
+| Lava (Still)             | 11  |                                |
+| Sand                     | 12  |                                |
+| Gravel                   | 13  |                                |
+| Gold Ore                 | 14  |                                |
+| Iron Ore                 | 15  |                                |
+| Coal Ore                 | 16  |                                |
+| Oak Log                  | 17  | `0`                            |
+| Spruce Log               | 17  | `1`                            |
+| Birch Log                | 17  | `2`                            |
+| Oak Leaves               | 18  | `0`                            |
+| Spruce Leaves            | 18  | `1`                            |
+| Birch Leaves             | 18  | `2`                            |
+| Sponge                   | 19  |                                |
+| Glass                    | 20  |                                |
+| Lapis Lazuli Ore         | 21  |                                |
+| Lapis Lazuli Block       | 22  |                                |
+| Dispenser                | 23  | [See below][dispenser]         |
+| Sandstone                | 24  |                                |
+| Note Block               | 25  |                                |
+| Bed                      | 26  | [See below][bed]               |
+| Powered Rail             | 27  | [See below][powered_rail]      |
+| Detector Rail            | 28  | [See below][detector_rail]     |
+| Sticky Piston            | 29  | [See below][piston]            |
+| Cobweb                   | 30  |                                |
+| Dead Shrub               | 31  | `0`                            |
+| Grass                    | 31  | `1`                            |
+| Fern                     | 31  | `2`                            |
+| Dead Bush                | 32  |                                |
+| Piston                   | 33  | [See below][piston]            |
+| Piston Head              | 34  | [See below][piston_head]       |
+| White Wool               | 35  | `0`                            |
+| Orange Wool              | 35  | `1`                            |
+| Magenta Wool             | 35  | `2`                            |
+| Light Blue Wool          | 35  | `3`                            |
+| Yellow Wool              | 35  | `4`                            |
+| Lime Wool                | 35  | `5`                            |
+| Pink Wool                | 35  | `6`                            |
+| Gray Wool                | 35  | `7`                            |
+| Light Gray (Silver) Wool | 35  | `8`                            |
+| Cyan Wool                | 35  | `9`                            |
+| Purple Wool              | 35  | `10`                           |
+| Blue Wool                | 35  | `11`                           |
+| Brown Wool               | 35  | `12`                           |
+| Green Wool               | 35  | `13`                           |
+| Red Wool                 | 35  | `14`                           |
+| Black Wool               | 35  | `15`                           |
+| Moving Piston            | 36  |                                |
+| Dandelion                | 37  |                                |
+| Rose                     | 38  |                                |
+| Brown Mushroom           | 39  |                                |
+| Red Mushroom             | 40  |                                |
+| Gold Block               | 41  |                                |
+| Iron Block               | 42  |                                |
+| Double Stone Slab        | 43  | `0`                            |
+| Double Sandstone Slab    | 43  | `1`                            |
+| Double Wooden Slab       | 43  | `2`                            |
+| Double Cobblestone Slab  | 43  | `3`                            |
+| Stone Slab               | 44  | `0`                            |
+| Sandstone Slab           | 44  | `1`                            |
+| Wooden Slab              | 44  | `2`                            |
+| Cobblestone Slab         | 44  | `3`                            |
+| Bricks                   | 45  |                                |
+| TNT                      | 46  |                                |
+| Bookshelves              | 47  |                                |
+| Mossy Cobblestone        | 48  |                                |
+| Obsidian                 | 49  |                                |
+| Torch                    | 50  | [See below][torch]             |
+| Fire                     | 51  | [See below][fire]              |
+| Monster Spawner          | 52  |                                |
+| Wooden Stairs            | 53  | [See below][stairs]            |
+| Chest                    | 54  |                                |
+| Redstone Wire            | 55  | [See below][redstone_wire]     |
+| Diamond Ore              | 56  |                                |
+| Diamond Block            | 57  |                                |
+| Crafting Table           | 58  |                                |
+| Wheat                    | 59  | [See below][wheat]             |
+| Farmland                 | 60  | [See below][farmland]          |
+| Furnace                  | 61  | [See below][furnace]           |
+| Lit Furnace              | 62  | [See below][furnace]           |
+| Standing Sign            | 63  | [See below][standing_sign]     |
+| Wooden Door              | 64  | [See below][door]              |
+| Ladder                   | 65  | [See below][ladder]            |
+| Rail                     | 66  | [See below][rail]              |
+| Cobblestone Stairs       | 67  | [See below][stairs]            |
+| Wall-Mounted Sign        | 68  | [See below][wall_sign]         |
+| Lever                    | 69  | [See below][lever]             |
+| Stone Pressure Plate     | 70  | [See below][pressure_plate]    |
+| Iron Door                | 71  | [See below][door]              |
+| Wooden Pressure Plate    | 72  | [See below][pressure_plate]    |
+| Redstone Ore             | 73  |                                |
+| Glowing Redstone Ore     | 74  |                                |
+| Redstone Torch (Off)     | 75  | [See below][redstone_torch]    |
+| Redstone Torch (On)      | 76  | [See below][redstone_torch]    |
+| Button                   | 77  | [See below][button]            |
+| Snow Layer               | 78  | [See below][snow_layer]        |
+| Ice                      | 79  |                                |
+| Snow Block               | 80  |                                |
+| Cactus                   | 81  |                                |
+| Clay Block               | 82  |                                |
+| Sugar Cane               | 83  |                                |
+| Jukebox                  | 84  |                                |
+| Fence                    | 85  |                                |
+| Pumpkin                  | 86  | [See below][pumpkin]           |
+| Netherrack               | 87  |                                |
+| Soul Sand                | 88  |                                |
+| Glowstone                | 89  |                                |
+| Nether Portal            | 90  |                                |
+| Jack O Lantern           | 91  | [See below][pumpkin]           |
+| Cake                     | 92  | [See below][cake]              |
+| Redstone Repeater (Off)  | 93  | [See below][redstone_repeater] |
+| Redstone Repeater (On)   | 94  | [See below][redstone_repeater] |
+| Locked Chest             | 95  |                                |
+| Trapdoor                 | 96  | [See below][trapdoor]          |
+
+## Bed Metadata
+
+- Bit Usage: `H O F F`
+- Valid range: `0..15`
+
+### Bit Definitions:
+
+- `FF`: Facing direction
+    - `0 (00)`: Positive Z (South)
+    - `1 (01)`: Negative X (West)
+    - `2 (10)`: Negative Z (North)
+    - `3 (11)`: Positive X (East)
+
+- `O`: Occupied status
+    - `0`: Unoccupied
+    - `1`: Occupied
+
+- `H`: Head piece
+    - `0`: Foot piece
+    - `1`: Head piece
+
+### Examples:
+
+- `0 (0000)`: Foot, unoccupied, facing South
+- `5 (0101)`: Foot, unoccupied, facing West
+- `11 (1011)`: Head, unoccupied, facing East
+- `15 (1111)`: Head, occupied, facing East
+
+## Fluid Metadata
+
+- Bit Usage: `F D D D`
+- Valid range: `0..15`
+
+### Bit Definitions:
+
+- `DDD`: Distance to source
+    - `0`: Source block or adjacent to source
+    - `1-7`: Distance from source
+
+- `F`: Falling state
+    - `0`: Normal horizontal flow
+    - `1`: Falling vertically (acts like source for spreading)
+
+### Examples:
+
+- `0 (0000)`: Source block
+- `3 (0011)`: Distance 3 from source, flowing horizontally
+- `8 (1000)`: Falling fluid (acts like source)
+- `11 (1011)`: Falling fluid with distance 3 (rare edge case)
+
+## Dispenser Metadata
+
+- Bit Usage: `F F F F`
+- Valid range: `0..5`
+
+### Bit Definitions:
+
+- `FFFF`: Facing direction
+    - `0`: Negative Y (Down)
+    - `1`: Positive Y (Up)
+    - `2`: Negative Z (North)
+    - `3`: Positive Z (South)
+    - `4`: Negative X (West)
+    - `5`: Positive X (East)
+
+### Examples:
+
+- `0 (0000)`: Facing down
+- `2 (0010)`: Facing north
+- `4 (0100)`: Facing west
+- `5 (0101)`: Facing east
+
+## Rail Metadata
+
+- Bit Usage: `D D D D`
+- Valid range: `0..9`
+
+### Bit Definitions:
+
+- `DDDD`: Direction/Shape
+    - `0`: North-South straight
+    - `1`: East-West straight
+    - `2`: East ascending (going up towards +X)
+    - `3`: West ascending (going up towards -X)
+    - `4`: North ascending (going up towards -Z)
+    - `5`: South ascending (going up towards +Z)
+    - `6`: South-East curve
+    - `7`: South-West curve
+    - `8`: North-West curve
+    - `9`: North-East curve
+
+### Examples:
+
+- `0 (0000)`: North-South straight
+- `6 (0110)`: South-East curve
+- `8 (1000)`: North-West curve
+- `9 (1001)`: North-East curve
+
+## Powered Rail Metadata
+
+- Bit Usage: `P D D D`
+- Valid range: `0..13`
+
+### Bit Definitions:
+
+- `DDD`: Direction/Shape
+    - `0`: North-South straight
+    - `1`: East-West straight
+    - `2`: East ascending (going up towards +X)
+    - `3`: West ascending (going up towards -X)
+    - `4`: North ascending (going up towards -Z)
+    - `5`: South ascending (going up towards +Z)
+
+- `P`: Powered state
+    - `0`: Unpowered
+    - `1`: Powered
+
+### Examples:
+
+- `0 (0000)`: North-South straight, unpowered
+- `1 (0001)`: East-West straight, unpowered
+- `8 (1000)`: North-South straight, powered
+- `10 (1010)`: East ascending, powered
+
+## Detector Rail Metadata
+
+- Bit Usage: `A D D D`
+- Valid range: `0..13`
+
+### Bit Definitions:
+
+- `DDD`: Direction/Shape
+    - `0`: North-South straight
+    - `1`: East-West straight
+    - `2`: East ascending (going up towards +X)
+    - `3`: West ascending (going up towards -X)
+    - `4`: North ascending (going up towards -Z)
+    - `5`: South ascending (going up towards +Z)
+
+- `A`: Active/Triggered state
+    - `0`: No minecart detected
+    - `1`: Minecart detected
+
+### Examples:
+
+- `0 (0000)`: North-South straight, no minecart
+- `1 (0001)`: East-West straight, no minecart
+- `8 (1000)`: North-South straight, minecart detected (powering)
+- `10 (1010)`: East ascending, minecart detected (powering)
+
+## Piston Head Metadata
+
+- Bit Usage: `S D D D`
+- Valid range:\*\* `0..13`
+
+### Bit Definitions:
+
+- `DDD`: Facing direction
+    - `0`: Down (Negative Y)
+    - `1`: Up (Positive Y)
+    - `2`: North (Negative Z)
+    - `3`: South (Positive Z)
+    - `4`: West (Negative X)
+    - `5`: East (Positive X)
+
+- `S`: Is Sticky
+    - `0`: Regular
+    - `1`: Sticky
+
+### Examples:
+
+- `0 (0000)`: Regular piston head facing down
+- `1 (0001)`: Regular piston head facing up
+- `8 (1000)`: Sticky piston head facing down
+- `13 (1101)`: Sticky piston head facing south
+
+## Piston Metadata
+
+Piston is pretty much the same as its [Piston Head][piston_head] counterpart,
+just with different uses of the 3rd bit.
+
+- Bit Usage: `E D D D`
+- Valid range: `0..13`
+
+### Bit Definitions:
+
+- `DDD`: Facing direction
+    - `0`: Down (Negative Y)
+    - `1`: Up (Positive Y)
+    - `2`: North (Negative Z)
+    - `3`: South (Positive Z)
+    - `4`: West (Negative X)
+    - `5`: East (Positive X)
+
+- `E`: Is Extended
+    - `0`: Retracted
+    - `1`: Extended
+
+### Special Behaviors:
+
+- Note that stickiness is determined by block ID
+
+### Examples:
+
+- `0 (0000)`: Facing down, retracted
+- `1 (0001)`: Facing up, retracted
+- `8 (1000)`: Facing down, extended
+- `11 (1011)`: Facing south, extended
+
+## Torch Metadata
+
+- Bit Usage: `- A A A`
+- Valid range: `1..5`
+
+### Bit Definitions:
+
+- `AAA`: Attachment direction
+    - `1`: Attached to West face (pointing East)
+    - `2`: Attached to East face (pointing West)
+    - `3`: Attached to North face (pointing South)
+    - `4`: Attached to South face (pointing North)
+    - `5`: Standing on ground/block below
+
+### Examples:
+
+- `1 (0001)`: Wall torch pointing East (attached to West wall)
+- `3 (0011)`: Wall torch pointing South (attached to North wall)
+- `5 (0101)`: Standing torch (on ground/block below)
+
+## Fire Metadata
+
+- Bit Usage: `A A A A`
+- Valid range: `0..15`
+
+### Bit Definitions:
+
+- `AAAA`: Age/Intensity level (4 bits)
+    - `0`: Newly created fire
+    - `1-14`: Aging fire
+    - `15`: Maximum age (most likely to spread or die out)
+
+### Special Behaviors:
+
+- Age increases by 0 or 1 each tick (randomly)
+- Death conditions:
+    - Age > 3 and no solid block below = dies
+    - Age = 15 and no flammable neighbors = may die randomly
+- Younger fires spread more aggressively
+
+### Examples:
+
+- `0 (0000)`: Fresh fire just lit
+- `5 (0101)`: Moderate age fire
+- `15 (1111)`: Maximum age fire
+
+## Stairs Metadata
+
+- Bit Usage: `- - D D`
+- Valid range: `0..3`
+
+### Bit Definitions:
+
+- `DD`: Facing direction
+    - `0`: Ascending East (facing West wall)
+    - `1`: Ascending West (facing East wall)
+    - `2`: Ascending South (facing North wall)
+    - `3`: Ascending North (facing South wall)
+
+### Examples:
+
+- `0 (0000)`: Stairs ascending toward East
+- `1 (0001)`: Stairs ascending toward West
+- `2 (0010)`: Stairs ascending toward South
+- `3 (0011)`: Stairs ascending toward North
+
+## Redstone Wire Metadata
+
+- Bit Usage: `P P P P`
+- Valid range: `0..15`
+
+### Bit Definitions:
+
+- `PPPP`: Power level
+    - `0`: No power
+    - `1-15`: Power strength (15 is maximum)
+
+### Examples:
+
+- `0 (0000)`: Unpowered wire
+- `1 (0001)`: Weak power (far from source)
+- `15 (1111)`: Maximum power (at source or powered by strong source)
+
+## Wheat Metadata
+
+- Bit Usage: `- G G G`
+- Valid range: `0..7`
+
+### Bit Definitions:
+
+- `GGG`: Growth stage
+    - `0`: Just planted (smallest)
+    - `1-6`: Growing stages
+    - `7`: Fully grown (ready to harvest)
+
+### Examples:
+
+- `0 (0000)`: Newly planted wheat
+- `3 (0011)`: Half-grown wheat
+- `7 (0111)`: Fully mature wheat (harvestable)
+
+## Farmland Metadata
+
+- Bit Usage: `- H H H`
+- Valid range: `0..7`
+
+### Bit Definitions:
+
+- `HHH`: Hydration level
+    - `0`: Dry farmland (will revert to dirt without crops nearby)
+    - `1-6`: Partially hydrated
+    - `7`: Fully hydrated (optimal for crop growth)
+
+### Examples:
+
+- `0 (0000)`: Dry farmland
+- `4 (0100)`: Moderately hydrated farmland
+- `7 (0111)`: Fully hydrated farmland
+
+## Furnace Metadata
+
+- Bit Usage: `- - D D`
+- Valid range: `2..5`
+
+### Bit Definitions:
+
+- `DD`: Facing direction
+    - `2`: North (Negative Z)
+    - `3`: South (Positive Z)
+    - `4`: West (Negative X)
+    - `5`: East (Positive X)
+
+### Special Behaviors:
+
+- Note that idle/active state is determined by block ID
+
+### Examples:
+
+- `2 (0010)`: Furnace facing North
+- `3 (0011)`: Furnace facing South
+- `4 (0100)`: Furnace facing West
+- `5 (0101)`: Furnace facing East
+
+## Standing Sign Metadata
+
+- Bit Usage: `D D D D`
+- Valid range: `0..15`
+
+### Bit Definitions:
+
+- `DDDD`: Rotation direction
+    - `0`: South
+    - `1`: South-Southwest
+    - `2`: Southwest
+    - `3`: West-Southwest
+    - `4`: West
+    - `5`: West-Northwest
+    - `6`: Northwest
+    - `7`: North-Northwest
+    - `8`: North
+    - `9`: North-Northeast
+    - `10`: Northeast
+    - `11`: East-Northeast
+    - `12`: East
+    - `13`: East-Southeast
+    - `14`: Southeast
+    - `15`: South-Southeast
+
+### Examples:
+
+- `0 (0000)`: Sign facing South
+- `4 (0100)`: Sign facing West
+- `8 (1000)`: Sign facing North
+- `12 (1100)`: Sign facing East
+
+## Wall Sign Metadata
+
+- Bit Usage: `- - D D`
+- Valid range: `2..5`
+
+### Bit Definitions:
+
+- `DD`: Attached wall direction
+    - `2`: Attached to North wall (facing South)
+    - `3`: Attached to South wall (facing North)
+    - `4`: Attached to West wall (facing East)
+    - `5`: Attached to East wall (facing West)
+
+### Examples:
+
+- `2 (0010)`: Wall sign facing South (attached to North wall)
+- `3 (0011)`: Wall sign facing North (attached to South wall)
+- `4 (0100)`: Wall sign facing East (attached to West wall)
+- `5 (0101)`: Wall sign facing West (attached to East wall)
+
+## Door Metadata
+
+- Bit Usage: `T O F F`
+- Valid range: `0..15`
+
+### Bit Definitions:
+
+- `FF`: Facing direction
+    - `0`: North (Negative Z)
+    - `1`: East (Positive X)
+    - `2`: South (Positive Z)
+    - `3`: West (Negative X)
+
+- `O`: Is Open
+    - `0`: Closed
+    - `1`: Open
+
+- `T`: Half
+    - `0`: Bottom half of door
+    - `1`: Top half of door
+
+### Examples:
+
+- `0 (0000)`: Bottom half, closed, facing North
+- `4 (0100)`: Bottom half, open, facing North
+- `8 (1000)`: Top half, closed, facing North
+- `12 (1100)`: Top half, open, facing North
+
+## Ladder Metadata
+
+- Bit Usage: `- - D D`
+- Valid range: `2..5`
+
+### Bit Definitions:
+
+- `DD`: Attached wall direction
+    - `2`: Attached to South wall (facing North)
+    - `3`: Attached to North wall (facing South)
+    - `4`: Attached to East wall (facing West)
+    - `5`: Attached to West wall (facing East)
+
+### Examples:
+
+- `2 (0010)`: Ladder on South wall (climb facing North)
+- `3 (0011)`: Ladder on North wall (climb facing South)
+- `4 (0100)`: Ladder on East wall (climb facing West)
+- `5 (0101)`: Ladder on West wall (climb facing East)
+
+## Lever Metadata
+
+- Bit Usage: `A A A A`
+- Valid range: `1..14`
+
+### Bit Definitions:
+
+- `AAA`: Attachment orientation
+    - `1`: Attached to West wall (lever points East)
+    - `2`: Attached to East wall (lever points West)
+    - `3`: Attached to North wall (lever points South)
+    - `4`: Attached to South wall (lever points North)
+    - `5`: On ground/ceiling (random orientation)
+    - `6`: On ground/ceiling (alternate orientation)
+
+- `A`:` Is Activated
+    - `0`: Lever off
+    - `1`: Lever on
+
+### Examples:
+
+- `1 (0001)`: Wall lever off, pointing East
+- `9 (1001)`: Wall lever on, pointing East
+- `5 (0101)`: Ground lever off
+- `13 (1101)`: Ground lever on
+
+## Pressure Plate Metadata
+
+- Bit Usage: `- - - A`
+- Valid range: `0..1`
+
+### Bit Definitions:
+
+- `A`: Activation state
+    - `0`: Not pressed
+    - `1`: Pressed
+
+### Examples:
+
+- `0 (0000)`: Pressure plate not pressed
+- `1 (0001)`: Pressure plate pressed (providing power)
+
+## Redstone Torch Metadata
+
+- Bit Usage: `- A A A`
+- Valid range: `1..5`
+
+### Bit Definitions:
+
+- `AAA`: Attachment direction
+    - `1`: Attached to West face (pointing East)
+    - `2`: Attached to East face (pointing West)
+    - `3`: Attached to North face (pointing South)
+    - `4`: Attached to South face (pointing North)
+    - `5`: Standing on ground/block below
+
+### Special Behaviors:
+
+- Note that on/off state is determined by block ID
+
+### Examples:
+
+- `1 (0001)`: Redstone torch pointing East (attached to West wall)
+- `3 (0011)`: Redstone torch pointing South (attached to North wall)
+- `5 (0101)`: Standing redstone torch (on ground/block below)
+
+## Snow Layer Metadata
+
+- Bit Usage: `- D D D`
+- Valid range: `0..7`
+
+### Bit Definitions:
+
+- `DDD`: Snow depth/thickness
+    - `0`: 1 layer thick (2/16 blocks high)
+    - `1`: 2 layers thick (4/16 blocks high)
+    - `2`: 3 layers thick (6/16 blocks high)
+    - `3`: 4 layers thick (0.5 blocks high, starts having collision)
+    - `4`: 5 layers thick (10/16 blocks high)
+    - `5`: 6 layers thick (12/16 blocks high)
+    - `6`: 7 layers thick (14/16 blocks high)
+    - `7`: 8 layers thick (1 block high)
+
+### Examples:
+
+- `0 (0000)`: Thin snow layer (2/16 block high)
+- `3 (0011)`: Half-block snow (8/16 block high, has collision)
+- `7 (0111)`: Full-block snow (16/16 block high)
+
+## Button Metadata
+
+- Bit Usage: `A D D D`
+- Valid range: `1..12`
+
+### Bit Definitions:
+
+- `DDD`: Attached wall direction
+    - `1`: Attached to West wall (button faces East)
+    - `2`: Attached to East wall (button faces West)
+    - `3`: Attached to North wall (button faces South)
+    - `4`: Attached to South wall (button faces North)
+
+- `A`: Activated state
+    - `0`: Button not pressed
+    - `1`: Button pressed
+
+### Examples:
+
+- `1 (0001)`: Button on West wall, not pressed
+- `9 (1001)`: Button on West wall, pressed (providing power)
+- `4 (0100)`: Button on South wall, not pressed
+- `12 (1100)`: Button on South wall, pressed (providing power)
+
+## Pumpkin Metadata
+
+- Bit Usage: `- - D D`
+- Valid range: `0..3`
+
+### Bit Definitions:
+
+- `DD`: Facing direction
+    - `0`: South (Positive Z)
+    - `1`: West (Negative X)
+    - `2`: North (Negative Z)
+    - `3`: East (Positive X)
+
+### Examples:
+
+- `0 (0000)`: Pumpkin facing South
+- `1 (0001)`: Pumpkin facing West
+- `2 (0010)`: Pumpkin facing North
+- `3 (0011)`: Pumpkin facing East
+
+## Cake Metadata
+
+- Bit Usage: `- B B B`
+- Valid range: `0..5`
+
+### Bit Definitions:
+
+- `BBB`: Slices eaten
+    - `0`: Whole cake
+    - `1-5`: Number of slices eaten so far
+
+### Examples:
+
+- `0 (0000)`: Full cake, uneaten
+- `3 (0011)`: 3 slices eaten (half cake left)
+- `5 (0101)`: 5 slices eaten (last visible slice)
+
+## Redstone Repeater Metadata
+
+- Bit Usage: `D D F F`
+- Valid range: `0..15`
+
+### Bit Definitions:
+
+- `FF`: Facing (output direction)
+    - `0`: South (Positive Z)
+    - `1`: West (Negative X)
+    - `2`: North (Negative Z)
+    - `3`: East (Positive X)
+
+- `DD`: Delay setting
+    - `0`: 1 redstone tick (2 ticks)
+    - `1`: 2 redstone ticks (4 ticks)
+    - `2`: 3 redstone ticks (6 ticks)
+    - `3`: 4 redstone ticks (8 ticks)
+
+### Special Behaviors:
+
+- Note that powered/unpowered state is determined by block ID.
+
+### Examples:
+
+- `0 (0000)`: Facing South, 1-tick delay
+- `5 (0101)`: Facing West, 2-tick delay
+- `10 (1010)`: Facing North, 3-tick delay
+- `15 (1111)`: Facing East, 4-tick delay
+
+## Trapdoor Metadata
+
+- Bit Usage: `O D D`
+- Valid range: `0..7`
+
+### Bit Definitions:
+
+- `DD`: Attached wall
+    - `0`: Attached to South wall (block at +Z)
+    - `1`: Attached to North wall (block at −Z)
+    - `2`: Attached to East wall (block at +X)
+    - `3`: Attached to West wall (block at −X)
+
+- `O`: Open state
+    - `0`: Closed
+    - `1`: Open
+
+### Examples:
+
+- `0 (000)`: Closed, attached to South wall
+- `1 (001)`: Closed, attached to North wall
+- `4 (100)`: Open, attached to South wall
+- `7 (111)`: Open, attached to West wall
+
+[wheat]: #wheat-metadata
+[trapdoor]: #trapdoor-metadata
+[redstone_repeater]: #redstone-repeater-metadata
+[cake]: #cake-metadata
+[pumpkin]: #pumpkin-metadata
+[button]: #button-metadata
+[snow_layer]: #snow-layer-metadata
+[redstone_torch]: #redstone-torch-metadata
+[pressure_plate]: #pressure-plate-metadata
+[lever]: #lever-metadata
+[ladder]: #ladder-metadata
+[door]: #door-metadata
+[standing_sign]: #standing-sign-metadata
+[wall_sign]: #wall-sign-metadata
+[furnace]: #furnace-metadata
+[farmland]: #farmland-metadata
+[redstone_wire]: #redstone-wire-metadata
+[stairs]: #stairs-metadata
+[fire]: #fire-metadata
+[torch]: #torch-metadata
+[piston]: #piston-metadata
+[piston_head]: #piston-head-metadata
+[fluid]: #fluid-metadata
+[dispenser]: #dispenser-metadata
+[bed]: #bed-metadata
+[rail]: #rail-metadata
+[powered_rail]: #powered-rail-metadata
+[detector_rail]: #detector-rail-metadata

docs/items.md

···
+# Items
+
+For empty "data use", assume it to **always** be `0`.
+
+| Name                    | ID   | Data Use               |
+| ----------------------- | ---- | ---------------------- |
+| Iron Shovel             | 256  | Damage                 |
+| Iron Pickaxe            | 257  | Damage                 |
+| Iron Axe                | 258  | Damage                 |
+| Flint and Steel         | 259  | Damage                 |
+| Apple                   | 260  |                        |
+| Bow                     | 261  |                        |
+| Arrow                   | 262  |                        |
+| Coal                    | 263  | Type distinction: `0`  |
+| Charcoal                | 263  | Type distinction: `1`  |
+| Diamond                 | 264  |                        |
+| Iron Ingot              | 265  |                        |
+| Gold Ingot              | 266  |                        |
+| Iron Sword              | 267  | Damage                 |
+| Wooden Sword            | 268  | Damage                 |
+| Wooden Shovel           | 269  | Damage                 |
+| Wooden Pickaxe          | 270  | Damage                 |
+| Wooden Axe              | 271  | Damage                 |
+| Stone Sword             | 272  | Damage                 |
+| Stone Shovel            | 273  | Damage                 |
+| Stone Pickaxe           | 274  | Damage                 |
+| Stone Axe               | 275  | Damage                 |
+| Diamond Sword           | 276  | Damage                 |
+| Diamond Shovel          | 277  | Damage                 |
+| Diamond Pickaxe         | 278  | Damage                 |
+| Diamond Axe             | 279  | Damage                 |
+| Stick                   | 280  |                        |
+| Bowl                    | 281  |                        |
+| Mushroom Stew           | 282  |                        |
+| Golden Sword            | 283  | Damage                 |
+| Golden Shovel           | 284  | Damage                 |
+| Golden Pickaxe          | 285  | Damage                 |
+| Golden Axe              | 286  | Damage                 |
+| String                  | 287  |                        |
+| Feather                 | 288  |                        |
+| Gunpowder               | 289  |                        |
+| Wooden Hoe              | 290  | Damage                 |
+| Stone Hoe               | 291  | Damage                 |
+| Iron Hoe                | 292  | Damage                 |
+| Golden Hoe              | 293  | Damage                 |
+| Diamond Hoe             | 294  | Damage                 |
+| Seeds                   | 295  |                        |
+| Wheat                   | 296  |                        |
+| Bread                   | 297  |                        |
+| Leather Helmet          | 298  | Damage                 |
+| Leather Chestplate      | 299  | Damage                 |
+| Leather Leggings        | 300  | Damage                 |
+| Leather Boots           | 301  | Damage                 |
+| Chainmail Helmet        | 302  | Damage                 |
+| Chainmail Chestplate    | 303  | Damage                 |
+| Chainmail Leggings      | 304  | Damage                 |
+| Chainmail Boots         | 305  | Damage                 |
+| Iron Helmet             | 306  | Damage                 |
+| Iron Chestplate         | 307  | Damage                 |
+| Iron Leggings           | 308  | Damage                 |
+| Iron Boots              | 309  | Damage                 |
+| Diamond Helmet          | 310  | Damage                 |
+| Diamond Chestplate      | 311  | Damage                 |
+| Diamond Leggings        | 312  | Damage                 |
+| Diamond Boots           | 313  | Damage                 |
+| Golden Helmet           | 314  | Damage                 |
+| Golden Chestplate       | 315  | Damage                 |
+| Golden Leggings         | 316  | Damage                 |
+| Golden Boots            | 317  | Damage                 |
+| Flint                   | 318  |                        |
+| Raw Porkchop            | 319  |                        |
+| Cooked Porkchop         | 320  |                        |
+| Painting                | 321  |                        |
+| Golden Apple            | 322  |                        |
+| Sign                    | 323  |                        |
+| Wooden Door             | 324  |                        |
+| Bucket                  | 325  |                        |
+| Water Bucket            | 326  |                        |
+| Lava Bucket             | 327  |                        |
+| Minecart                | 328  |                        |
+| Saddle                  | 329  |                        |
+| Iron Door               | 330  |                        |
+| Redstone Dust           | 331  |                        |
+| Snowball                | 332  |                        |
+| Boat                    | 333  |                        |
+| Leather                 | 334  |                        |
+| Milk Bucket             | 335  |                        |
+| Brick                   | 336  |                        |
+| Clay                    | 337  |                        |
+| Sugar Cane              | 338  |                        |
+| Paper                   | 339  |                        |
+| Book                    | 340  |                        |
+| Slime Ball              | 341  |                        |
+| Minecart with Chest     | 342  |                        |
+| Minecart with Furnace   | 343  |                        |
+| Egg                     | 344  |                        |
+| Compass                 | 345  |                        |
+| Fishing Rod             | 346  | Damage                 |
+| Clock                   | 347  |                        |
+| Glowstone Dust          | 348  |                        |
+| Raw Fish                | 349  |                        |
+| Cooked Fish             | 350  |                        |
+| Ink Sac                 | 351  | Type distinction: `0`  |
+| Rose Red                | 351  | Type distinction: `1`  |
+| Cactus Green            | 351  | Type distinction: `2`  |
+| Cocoa Beans             | 351  | Type distinction: `3`  |
+| Lapis Lazuli            | 351  | Type distinction: `4`  |
+| Purple Dye              | 351  | Type distinction: `5`  |
+| Cyan Dye                | 351  | Type distinction: `6`  |
+| Light Gray (Silver) Dye | 351  | Type distinction: `7`  |
+| Gray Dye                | 351  | Type distinction: `8`  |
+| Pink Dye                | 351  | Type distinction: `9`  |
+| Lime Dye                | 351  | Type distinction: `10` |
+| Yellow Dye              | 351  | Type distinction: `11` |
+| Light Blue Dye          | 351  | Type distinction: `12` |
+| Magenta Dye             | 351  | Type distinction: `13` |
+| Orange Dye              | 351  | Type distinction: `14` |
+| Bone Meal               | 351  | Type distinction: `15` |
+| Bone                    | 352  |                        |
+| Sugar                   | 353  |                        |
+| Cake                    | 354  |                        |
+| Bed                     | 355  |                        |
+| Redstone Repeater       | 356  |                        |
+| Cookie                  | 357  |                        |
+| Map                     | 358  | Map ID                 |
+| Shears                  | 359  | Damage                 |
+| Music Disc 13           | 2256 |                        |
+| Music Disc Cat          | 2257 |                        |
+
+## Durability
+
+### Tools
+
+- Wooden tools have a maximum usage of `59`.
+- Stone tools have a maximum usage of `131`.
+- Iron tools have a maximum usage of `250`.
+- Gold tools have a maximum usage of `32`.
+- Diamond tools have a maximum usage of `1561`.
+
+### Armor
+
+- Helmets have a base maximum usage of `11`.
+- Chestplates have a base maximum usage of `16`.
+- Leggings have a base maximum usage of `15`.
+- Boots have a base maximum usage of `13`.
+
+The base usage is then multiplied based off the tier of material:
+
+- Leather: `3`
+- Chain: `6`
+- Gold: `6`
+- Iron: `12`
+- Diamond: `24`
+
+### Other
+
+- Shears have a maximum usage of `238`.
+- Fishing rods have a maximum usage of `64`.
+- Flint and Steel has a maximum usage of `64`.
+
+## Entity Damage
+
+- Swords have a base damage of `4`.
+- Axes have a base damage of `3`.
+- Pickaxes have a base damage of `2`.
+- Shovels have a base damage of `1`.
+
+The base damage is then added with a value based off the tier of material:
+
+- Wood: `0`
+- Stone: `1`
+- Iron: `2`
+- Gold: `0`
+- Diamond: `3`
+
+### Swords
+
+The "material modifier" is multiplied by `2` before being added to the base
+damage.

docs/packets.md

···
+# Packets <img src=".assets/cc-by-sa.png" alt="CC-BY-SA" width="88" height="31">
+
+_This document is licensed under a [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0
+license](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Derivative works must
+be licensed using the same or a compatible license._
+
+All packets begin with a single "Packet ID" byte. Listed packet size **does not
+include** this byte. Packets are either Clientbound, Serverbound, or both.
+Packets that travel both Clientbound and Serverbound may reuse fields for
+different purposes.
+
+There is no "length" field; for variable length packets, you must parse to the
+end to determine the length.
+
+## Data Types
+
+|       | Size (bytes) | Range                                                      | Notes                                                                                                  |
+| ----- | ------------ | ---------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ |
+| i8    | 1            | -128 to 127                                                |                                                                                                        |
+| u8    | 1            | 0 to 255                                                   |                                                                                                        |
+| i16   | 2            | -32768 to 32767                                            |                                                                                                        |
+| i32   | 4            | -2147483648 to 2147483647                                  |                                                                                                        |
+| i64   | 8            | -9223372036854775808 to 9223372036854775807                |                                                                                                        |
+| f32   | 4            | See [here][java8spec_floating].                            | Single-precision 32-bit IEEE754 floating point.                                                        |
+| f64   | 8            | See [here][java8spec_floating].                            | Double-precision 64-bit IEEE754 floating point.                                                        |
+| str8  | >=2          | N/A                                                        | [Modified UTF-8][mutf8] string. Prefixed by an `i16` containing the length of the string **in bytes**. |
+| str16 | >=2          | Minimum length of `0`, maximum character length of `32767` | [UTF-16][utf16] string. Prefixed by an `i16` containing the length of the string **in characters**.    |
+| bool  | 1            | `0x00` (`false`) or `0x01` (`true`)                        |                                                                                                        |
+
+There are also additional types being used:
+
+### Entity types
+
+| ID  | Entity        | Category   | LivingEntity |
+| --- | ------------- | ---------- | ------------ |
+| 1   | Item          | Misc       | ❌           |
+| 9   | Painting      | Misc       | ❌           |
+| 10  | Arrow         | Projectile | ❌           |
+| 11  | Snowball      | Projectile | ❌           |
+| 20  | Primed TNT    | Misc       | ❌           |
+| 21  | Falling Sand  | Misc       | ❌           |
+| 40  | Minecart      | Vehicle    | ❌           |
+| 41  | Boat          | Vehicle    | ❌           |
+| 50  | Creeper       | Hostile    | ✅           |
+| 51  | Skeleton      | Hostile    | ✅           |
+| 52  | Spider        | Hostile    | ✅           |
+| 53  | Giant         | Hostile    | ✅           |
+| 54  | Zombie        | Hostile    | ✅           |
+| 55  | Slime         | Hostile    | ✅           |
+| 56  | Ghast         | Hostile    | ✅           |
+| 57  | Zombie Pigman | Neutral    | ✅           |
+| 90  | Pig           | Passive    | ✅           |
+| 91  | Sheep         | Passive    | ✅           |
+| 92  | Cow           | Passive    | ✅           |
+| 93  | Chicken       | Passive    | ✅           |
+| 94  | Squid         | Passive    | ✅           |
+| 95  | Wolf          | Passive    | ✅           |
+
+### Entity Metadata
+
+Entity metadata has a quirky packing format.
+
+A metadata field is a byte. The top three bits of the byte, when masked off
+(`(byte & 224) >> 5`) and interpreted as a three-bit number from 0 to 7,
+indicate the type of the field.
+
+The lower five bits are unused. The type of the byte indicates the size and
+type of a payload which follows the initial byte of the field.
+
+The metadata format consists of at least one field, followed by either another
+field or the magic number `0x7F`. `0x7F` terminates a metadata stream.
+
+Thus, the example metadata stream `0x00 0x01 0x7f` is decoded as a field of
+type 0, id 0, with a payload of byte 0x00.
+
+| Field ID | Field Type                                  |
+| -------- | ------------------------------------------- |
+| 0        | i8                                          |
+| 1        | i16                                         |
+| 2        | i32                                         |
+| 3        | f32                                         |
+| 4        | str16 (maximum character length of 64)      |
+| 5        | ItemStack; `i16` ID, `i8` count, `i16` data |
+| 6        | Vector of `i32`, 3 long (x,y,z)             |
+
+More information is available at [0x18 Spawn Living Entity][spawn_living_entity].
+
+### Packed f64
+
+Sent as an `i32` on the wire, but is actually an `f64`.
+
+Java:
+
+```java
+public static int floorDouble(double aDouble) {
+    int anInteger = (int)aDouble;
+    return aDouble < (double)anInteger ? anInteger - 1 : anInteger;
+}
+```
+
+### Packed Rotation
+
+Sent as an `i8` on the wire, but is actually an `f32`.
+
+Basically, takes a rotation in degrees (`0..360`) and maps it into `0..255`.
+
+Java:
+
+```java
+public static byte packRotation(float rotation) {
+    return (byte)((int)(rotation * 256.0F / 360.0F))
+}
+```
+
+### Packed Motion i8
+
+Sent as an `i8` on the wire, but is actually an `f64`.
+
+Basically, just multiply the value by `128` and turn it into a (signed) byte.
+
+Java:
+
+```java
+public static byte packMotion(double motion) {
+    return (byte)((int)(motion * 128.0D))
+}
+```
+
+### Packed Motion i16
+
+Sent as an `i16` on the wire, but is actually an `f64`.
+
+Basically, just multiply the value by `128` and turn it into a (signed) byte.
+
+Java:
+
+```java
+public static byte packMotion(double motion) {
+    return (byte)((int)(motion * 128.0D))
+}
+```
+
+## 0x00 Keep Alive
+
+- Clientbound: [x]
+- Serverbound: [ ]
+- Size: 0
+
+This packet must be sent to keep the connection alive.
+
+- Keep Alive has no payload.
+
+## 0x01 Login Request
+
+- Clientbound: [x]
+- Serverbound: [x]
+- Size: 15 + length of strings
+
+### Clientbound
+
+Sent by the server if it accepts the client's login request. If it didn't it
+will send a [Disconnect][disconnect] instead.
+
+| Field Name | Field Type | Example | Notes                                                                       |
+| ---------- | ---------- | ------- | --------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
+| Entity ID  | i32        | `14`    | The protocol version of Beta 1.7 is 14                                      |
+| Unused     | str16      | N/A     | Unused by the client. Vanilla server sends an empty string                  |
+| Map Seed   | i64        | `0`     | Used by the client to determine its current biome, among a few other things |
+| Dimension  | i8         | `0`     | `-1` for the Nether, `0` for the Overworld                                  |
+
+### Serverbound
+
+Sent by the client after the handshake to finish logging in.
+
+| Field Name       | Field Type | Example       | Notes                                                                           |
+| ---------------- | ---------- | ------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
+| Protocol version | i32        | `14`          | The protocol version of Beta 1.7 is 14                                          |
+| Username         | str16      | `kokiriglade` | The name of the player attempting to login. Max length of 16                    |
+| Map Seed         | i64        | `0`           | Can be safely ignored by the server                                             |
+| Dimension        | i8         | `0`           | `-1` for the Nether, `0` for the Overworld. Can be safely ignored by the server |
+
+## 0x02 Handshake
+
+- Clientbound: [x]
+- Serverbound: [x]
+- Size: 2 + length of strings
+
+### Clientbound
+
+| Field Name      | Field Type | Example            | Notes                                                                                                                                                           |
+| --------------- | ---------- | ------------------ | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
+| Connection Hash | str16      | `2e66f1dc032ab5f0` | A unique, per-connection hash. The vanilla server sends a random `i64` stringified as a hexadecimal number. For offline-mode, the string is always a single `-` |
+
+### Serverbound
+
+| Field Name | Field Type | Example       | Notes                                                                        |
+| ---------- | ---------- | ------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
+| Username   | str16      | `kokiriglade` | The name of the player attempting to connect. Maximum character length of 16 |
+
+## 0x03 Chat Message
+
+- Clientbound: [x]
+- Serverbound: [x]
+- Size: 2 + length of strings
+
+| Field Name | Field Type | Example                | Notes                                                                         |
+| ---------- | ---------- | ---------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
+| Message    | str16      | `<kokiriglade> Hello!` | The name of the player attempting to connect. Maximum character length of 119 |
+
+## 0x04 Update Time
+
+- Clientbound: [x]
+- Serverbound: [ ]
+- Size: 8
+
+The time of day is based on `timestamp % 24000`, where:
+
+- 0 is sunrise
+- 6000 is noon
+- 12000 is sunset
+- 18000 is midnight
+
+| Field Name | Field Type | Example | Notes                   |
+| ---------- | ---------- | ------- | ----------------------- |
+| Time       | i64        |         | The world time in ticks |
+
+## 0x05 Set Player Equipment
+
+- Clientbound: [x]
+- Serverbound: [ ]
+- Size: 10
+
+After each [player spawn][spawn_player], there will be five of these packets for
+the equipped item and armor. If there are changes in visible equipment, another
+one of these packets is sent.
+
+| Field Name | Field Type | Example | Notes                                |
+| ---------- | ---------- | ------- | ------------------------------------ |
+| Entity ID  | i32        |         | Player's entity ID                   |
+| Slot       | i16        | `4`     | Equipment slot. See below            |
+| Item ID    | i16        | `-1`    | Equipped item (`-1` for aempty slot) |
+| Data       | i16        |         | Item data value                      |
+
+### Equipment slots
+
+(These only apply to this packet)
+
+- `0`: Held item
+- `1`: Helmet
+- `2`: Chestpate
+- `3`: Leggings
+- `4`: Boots
+
+## 0x06 Spawn Position
+
+- Clientbound: [x]
+- Serverbound: [ ]
+- Size: 12
+
+Sent after login to specify the coordinates of the spawn point (the location at
+which players spawn, and which the compass points to).
+
+It can be sent at any time to update the point compasses point to.
+
+| Field Name | Field Type | Example | Notes                        |
+| ---------- | ---------- | ------- | ---------------------------- |
+| X          | i32        | `117`   | Spawn X in block coordinates |
+| Y          | i32        | `70`    | Spawn Y in block coordinates |
+| Z          | i32        | `-46`   | Spawn Z in block coordinates |
+
+## 0x07 Use Entity
+
+- Clientbound: [ ]
+- Serverbound: [x]
+- Size: 9
+
+Sent upon attacking or right clicking an entity.
+
+| Field Name       | Field Type | Example | Notes                                                                   |
+| ---------------- | ---------- | ------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------- |
+| Entity ID        | i32        |         | Player's entity ID. Ignored by the server                               |
+| Target entity ID | i32        |         | Entity ID of the entity being interacted with                           |
+| Left click       | bool       | `true`  | `true` if the interaction was caused by a left click, `false` otherwise |
+
+## 0x08 Update Health
+
+- Clientbound: [x]
+- Serverbound: [ ]
+- Size: 2
+
+| Field Name | Field Type | Example | Notes            |
+| ---------- | ---------- | ------- | ---------------- |
+| Health     | i16        | `20`    | Half a heart = 1 |
+
+## 0x09 Respawn
+
+- Clientbound: [X]
+- Serverbound: [X]
+- Size: 1
+
+Sent by the client when the player presses the "Respawn" button after dying.
+The server then teleports the player to the spawn point, and sends a respawn
+packet in response. The client will not leave the respawn screen until it
+receives a respawn packet.
+
+| Field Name | Field Type | Example | Notes                                                                           |
+| ---------- | ---------- | ------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
+| Dimension  | i8         | `0`     | `-1` for the Nether, `0` for the Overworld. Can be safely ignored by the server |
+
+## 0x0A On Ground
+
+- Clientbound: [x]
+- Serverbound: [x]
+- Size: 1
+
+| Field Name | Field Type | Example | Notes                                                    |
+| ---------- | ---------- | ------- | -------------------------------------------------------- |
+| On Ground  | bool       | `true`  | `true` if the player is on the ground, `false` otherwise |
+
+## 0x0B Player Position
+
+- Clientbound: [x]
+- Serverbound: [x]
+- Size: 33
+
+Updates the player position on the server. If `(stance - y) < 0.1 || (stance - y) > 1.65`
+then the stance is illegal.
+
+If the distance between the last known position of
+the player and the new position set by this packet is greater than 100, then the
+movement is illegal.
+
+If the absolute number of `x` or `z` are set greater than `3.2E7` then the
+position is illegal.
+
+| Field Name | Field Type | Example   | Notes                                                                         |
+| ---------- | ---------- | --------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
+| X          | f64        | `102.809` |                                                                               |
+| Y          | f64        | `70.00`   |                                                                               |
+| Stance     | f64        | `71.62`   | Used to modify the players bounding box when going up stairs, crouching, etc. |
+| Z          | f64        | `68.30`   |                                                                               |
+| On Ground  | bool       | `true`    | `true` if the player is on the ground, `false` otherwise                      |
+
+## 0x0C Player Look
+
+- Clientbound: [x]
+- Serverbound: [x]
+- Size: 9
+
+Updates the direction the player is looking in.
+
+Yaw is measured in degrees, and does not follow classical trigonometry rules.
+
+The unit circle of yaw on the xz-plane starts at (0, 1) and turns backwards
+towards (-1, 0), or in other words, it turns clockwise instead of
+counter-clockwise. Additionally, yaw is not clamped to between 0 and 360
+degrees; any number is valid, including negative numbers and numbers greater
+than 360.
+
+| Field Name | Field Type | Example | Notes                                                    |
+| ---------- | ---------- | ------- | -------------------------------------------------------- |
+| Yaw        | f32        | `0.0`   | Rotation on the X Axis, in degrees                       |
+| Pitch      | f32        | `0.0`   | Rotation on the Y axis, in degrees                       |
+| On Ground  | bool       | `true`  | `true` if the player is on the ground, `false` otherwise |
+
+## 0x0D Player Position and Look
+
+- Clientbound: [x]
+- Serverbound: [x]
+- Size: 41
+
+A combination of [Player Look][player_look] and [Player Position][player_position].
+
+| Field Name | Field Type | Example   | Notes                                                                         |
+| ---------- | ---------- | --------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
+| X          | f64        | `102.809` |                                                                               |
+| Y          | f64        | `70.00`   |                                                                               |
+| Stance     | f64        | `71.62`   | Used to modify the players bounding box when going up stairs, crouching, etc. |
+| Z          | f64        | `68.30`   |                                                                               |
+| Yaw        | f32        | `0.0`     | Rotation on the X Axis, in degrees                                            |
+| Pitch      | f32        | `0.0`     | Rotation on the Y axis, in degrees                                            |
+| On Ground  | bool       | `true`    | `true` if the player is on the ground, `false` otherwise                      |
+
+## 0x0E Block Dig
+
+- Clientbound: [ ]
+- Serverbound: [x]
+- Size: 11
+
+Sent when the player is digging a block.
+
+| Field Name | Field Type | Example | Notes                                                         |
+| ---------- | ---------- | ------- | ------------------------------------------------------------- |
+| Status     | i8         | `1`     | The action the player is taking against the block (see below) |
+| X          | i32        | `32`    | Block position                                                |
+| Y          | i8         | `64`    | Block position                                                |
+| Z          | i32        | `32`    | Block position                                                |
+| Face       | i8         | `3`     | The face being hit (see below)                                |
+
+### Status
+
+Status can be:
+
+- `0`: Started digging
+- `2`: Finished digging
+- `4`: Drop item
+
+### Special cases
+
+For some unthinkable reason, when the player drops an item, it sends this packet
+but the status is `4`, and all other values are `0`.
+
+### Face
+
+Face can be:
+
+- `0`: Negative Y
+- `1`: Positive Y
+- `2`: Negative Z
+- `3`: Positive Z
+- `4`: Negative X
+- `5`: Positive X
+
+## 0x0F Block Interact
+
+- Clientbound: [ ]
+- Serverbound: [x]
+- Size: 12 or 15
+
+Sent when the player places a block or (probably) an item. The coordinates sent
+in this packet are actually the block being built against, which combined with
+the direction offset tell you where the block should be placed. This is
+required to correctly position furnaces, torches, etc.
+
+| Field Name       | Field Type    | Example | Notes                                                      |
+| ---------------- | ------------- | ------- | ---------------------------------------------------------- |
+| X                | i32           | `32`    | Block position                                             |
+| Y                | i8            | `64`    | Block position                                             |
+| Z                | i32           | `32`    | Block position                                             |
+| Face             | i8            | `3`     | The face being placed against (see [Block Dig][block_dig]) |
+| Block or Item ID | i16           | `1`     | The block or item to be placed                             |
+| Count            | Optional<i8>  | `34`    | The count of the itemstack in the players hand             |
+| Data             | Optional<i16> | `83`    | The data value of the itemstack                            |
+
+If the Block/ItemID field is greater than or equal to 0, then the last
+2 fields (count and data) are read. Otherwise, they are not read.
+
+When 'placing' (Or more accurately, using) your empty hand, the client sends -1
+as the Block/Item ID.
+
+### Special cases
+
+This packet has a special case where X, Y, Z, and Direction are all -1.
+This special packet indicates that the currently held item for the player should
+have its state updated such as eating food, shooting bows, using buckets, etc.
+
+When using buckets, the client might send two packets: first a normal and then a
+special case. The first normal packet is sent when you're looking at a block
+(e.g. the water you want to scoop up). This normal packet does not appear to do
+anything with a Vanilla server. The second, special case packet appears to
+perform the action - based on current position/orientation and with a distance
+check - it appears that buckets can only be used within a radius of 6 blocks.
+
+## 0x10 Change Current Slot
+
+- Clientbound: [ ]
+- Serverbound: [x]
+- Size: 2
+
+Sent when the player changes their current/active slot.
+
+| Field Name | Field Type | Example | Notes                             |
+| ---------- | ---------- | ------- | --------------------------------- |
+| Slot ID    | i16        | `1`     | Valid values are 0..8 (inclusive) |
+
+## 0x11 Sleep
+
+- Clientbound: [x]
+- Serverbound: [ ]
+- Size: 14
+
+Sent to indicate a player is sleeping in a bed.
+
+| Field Name | Field Type | Example | Notes              |
+| ---------- | ---------- | ------- | ------------------ |
+| Entity ID  | i32        | `89`    | Player's entity ID |
+| Unknown    | i8         | `0`     | Always 0, unused   |
+| X          | i32        | `-247`  | Block coordinate   |
+| Y          | i8         | `78`    | Block coordinate   |
+| Z          | i32        | `128`   | Block coordinate   |
+
+## 0x12 Animation
+
+- Clientbound: [x]
+- Serverbound: [x]
+- Size: 5
+
+| Field Name | Field Type | Example | Notes              |
+| ---------- | ---------- | ------- | ------------------ |
+| Entity ID  | i32        | `55534` | Player's entity ID |
+| Animate    | i8         | `1`     | See below          |
+
+### Animate
+
+Animate can be:
+
+- `0`: No animation
+- `1`: Swing arm
+- `2`: Damage animation
+- `3`: Leave bed
+
+## 0x13 Player Action
+
+- Clientbound: [ ]
+- Serverbound: [x]
+- Size: 5
+
+Sent when crouching and leaving a bed.
+
+| Field Name | Field Type | Example | Notes              |
+| ---------- | ---------- | ------- | ------------------ |
+| Entity ID  | i32        | `55534` | Player's entity ID |
+| Action     | i8         | `1`     | See below          |
+
+### Action
+
+Action can be:
+
+- `1`: Start crouching
+- `2`: Stop crouching
+- `3`: Leave bed
+
+## 0x14 Spawn Player
+
+- Clientbound: [x]
+- Serverbound: [ ]
+- Size: 22 + length of strings
+
+Sent when a player comes into visible range. The vanilla client is not okay
+with receiving player entity packets that refer to its own username or EID; it
+will teleport to the absolute origin of the map and fall through the void any
+time it receives them.
+
+| Field Name | Field Type | Example       | Notes                                                                 |
+| ---------- | ---------- | ------------- | --------------------------------------------------------------------- |
+| Entity ID  | i32        | `94453`       | Player's entity ID                                                    |
+| Name       | str16      | `kokiriglade` | Maximum character length of 16                                        |
+| X          | i32        | `102.809`     | [Packed f64][packed_f64]                                              |
+| Y          | i32        | `70.00`       | [Packed f64][packed_f64]                                              |
+| Z          | i32        | `68.30`       | [Packed f64][packed_f64]                                              |
+| Yaw        | i8         | `0.0`         | [Packed rotation][packed_rotation]                                    |
+| Pitch      | i8         | `0.0`         | [Packed rotation][packed_rotation]                                    |
+| Held Item  | i16        | `0`           | The item the player is holding. `0` for no item. Must not be negative |
+
+## 0x15 Spawn Item
+
+- Clientbound: [x]
+- Serverbound: [ ]
+- Size: 24
+
+Sent when a thrown item comes into range of the player.
+
+| Field Name | Field Type | Example   | Notes                                |
+| ---------- | ---------- | --------- | ------------------------------------ |
+| Entity ID  | i32        | `157617`  | Item's entity ID                     |
+| Item ID    | i16        | `4`       |                                      |
+| Count      | i8         | `1`       | The count of the itemstack           |
+| Data       | i16        | Item data |                                      |
+| X          | i32        | `102.809` | [Packed f64][packed_f64]             |
+| Y          | i32        | `70.00`   | [Packed f64][packed_f64]             |
+| Z          | i32        | `68.30`   | [Packed f64][packed_f64]             |
+| Motion X   | i8         | `0.0`     | [Packed motion-i8][packed_motion_i8] |
+| Motion Y   | i8         | `0.0`     | [Packed motion-i8][packed_motion_i8] |
+| Motion Z   | i8         | `0.0`     | [Packed motion-i8][packed_motion_i8] |
+
+## 0x16 Pickup Item
+
+- Clientbound: [x]
+- Serverbound: [ ]
+- Size: 8
+
+Sent when someone picks up an item lying on the ground - its sole purpose is
+the animation of the item flying towards the player.
+
+It doesn't destroy the entity in the client memory ([Destroy Entity][destroy_entity]
+does that), and it doesn't add it to the player's inventory ([Set Slot][set_slot]
+does that).
+
+The server only checks for items to be picked up after each [Player Position][player_position]
+and [Player Position and Look][player_position_and_look] packet sent by the client.
+
+| Field Name          | Field Type | Example | Notes                      |
+| ------------------- | ---------- | ------- | -------------------------- |
+| Collected Entity ID | i32        | `28`    | Collected item's entity ID |
+| Collector Entity ID | i32        | `30`    | Collector's entity ID      |
+
+## 0x17 Spawn Non-Living Entity
+
+- Clientbound: [x]
+- Serverbound: [ ]
+- Size: 21 or 27
+
+Sent when a Non-Living entity is created.
+
+| Field Name  | Field Type | Example | Notes                                                            |
+| ----------- | ---------- | ------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------- |
+| Entity ID   | i32        | `62`    |                                                                  |
+| Entity Type | i8         | `11`    | [See Entity Types][entity_types] (must be of kind `Living`)      |
+| X           | i32        | `16080` | [Packed f64][packed_f64]                                         |
+| Y           | i32        | `2290`  | [Packed f64][packed_f64]                                         |
+| Z           | i32        | `592`   | [Packed f64][packed_f64]                                         |
+| Has Motion  | i32        | `0`     | If this flag is bigger than 0 then the following fields are sent |
+| Motion X    | i16        | `0`     | [Packed motion-i16][packed_motion_i16]                           |
+| Motion Y    | i16        | `0`     | [Packed motion-i16][packed_motion_i16]                           |
+| Motion Z    | i16        | `0`     | [Packed motion-i16][packed_motion_i16]                           |
+
+## 0x18 Spawn Living Entity
+
+- Clientbound: [x]
+- Serverbound: [ ]
+- Size: 19 + [Metadata][entity_metadata] (at least 1)
+
+Sent when a Living Entity is created.
+
+| Field Name         | Field Type                         | Example | Notes                                              |
+| ------------------ | ---------------------------------- | ------- | -------------------------------------------------- |
+| Entity ID          | i32                                | `62`    |                                                    |
+| Living Entity Type | i8                                 | `11`    | See below                                          |
+| X                  | i32                                | `16080` | [Packed f64][packed_f64]                           |
+| Y                  | i32                                | `2290`  | [Packed f64][packed_f64]                           |
+| Z                  | i32                                | `592`   | [Packed f64][packed_f64]                           |
+| Yaw                | i8                                 | `-27`   | [Packed rotation][packed_rotation]                 |
+| Pitch              | i8                                 | `0`     | [Packed rotation][packed_rotation]                 |
+| Entity Metadata    | [Entity Metadata][entity_metadata] | `127`   | Indexed metadata, terminated by `0x7F` - see below |
+
+### Living Entity types
+
+- `50`: Creeper
+    - Index 16 is `i8`, for `fuse`
+        - `1` for blowing up, `-1` otherwise
+    - Index 17 is `bool`, for `is charged`
+- `51`: Skeleton
+- `52`: Spider
+- `53`: Giant Zombie
+- `54`: Zombie
+- `55`: Slime
+    - Index 16 is `i8`, for `size`
+- `56`: Ghast
+    - Index 16 is `i8`, for `is attacking`
+- `57`: Zombie Pigman
+- `90`: Pig
+    - Index 16 is `i8`, for `is saddled`
+- `91`: Sheep
+    - Index 16 is `i8` for `coat`
+        - You can use a `0x10` bit mask for `shearedness` and `0x0F` for `color` - see below
+- `92`: Cow
+- `93`: Chicken
+- `94`: Squid
+- `95`: Wolf
+    - Index 16 is `i8`, and is a bitmask:
+        - `0x01` for `is sitting`
+        - `0x02` for `is aggressive`
+        - `0x04` for `is tamed`
+    - Index 17 is `string16`, and is the `name of the player` who tamed the wolf
+    - Index 18 is `i32`, and is the `health` of the wolf
+
+Metadata index 0 is an `i8` representing a set of 8 `bool`s:
+
+- `0x01`: On fire
+- `0x02`: Is crouched
+- `0x04`: Is riding
+
+### Sheep colors
+
+- `0`: White
+- `1`: Orange
+- `2`: Magenta
+- `3`: Light Blue
+- `4`: Yellow
+- `5`: Lime
+- `6`: Pink
+- `7`: Gray
+- `8`: Light Gray (Silver)
+- `9`: Cyan
+- `10`: Purple
+- `11`: Blue
+- `12`: Brown
+- `13`: Green
+- `14`: Red
+- `15`: Black
+
+## 0x19 Spawn Painting
+
+- Clientbound: [x]
+- Serverbound: [ ]
+- Size: 22 + length of strings
+
+Sent when a painting is created.
+
+Calculating the center of an image: given a `(width x height)` grid of cells,
+with `(0, 0)` being the top left corner, the center is `(max(0, width / 2 - 1), height / 2)`.
+E.g:
+
+- 2x1 (1, 0)
+- 4x4 (1, 2)
+
+| Field Name | Field Type | Example    | Notes                                                |
+| ---------- | ---------- | ---------- | ---------------------------------------------------- |
+| Entity ID  | i32        | `326`      |                                                      |
+| Title      | str16      | `Creepers` | Name of the painting. Maximum character length of 13 |
+| X          | i32        | `50`       | Center X coordinate                                  |
+| Y          | i32        | `66`       | Center Y coordinate                                  |
+| Z          | i32        | `-50`      | Center Z coordinate                                  |
+| Direction  | i32        | `0`        | Direction the painting is facing, see below          |
+
+### Direction
+
+- `0`: Negative Z
+- `1`: Negative X
+- `2`: Positive Z
+- `3`: Positive X
+
+## 0x1C Update Velocity
+
+- Clientbound: [x]
+- Serverbound: [ ]
+- Size: 10
+
+Velocity is believed to be in units of 1/32000 of a block per server tick
+(200ms); for example, `-1343` would move `(-1343 / 32000) = -0.04196875` blocks
+per tick (or `-0.20984375 blocks per second`).
+
+Each axis' velocity is capped between -0.9 and 0.9 blocks per tick (packet
+values -28800 to 28800).
+
+| Field Name | Field Type | Example | Notes                  |
+| ---------- | ---------- | ------- | ---------------------- |
+| Entity ID  | i32        | `1805`  |                        |
+| X          | i16        | `-1343` | Velocity on the X axis |
+| Y          | i16        | `0`     | Velocity on the Y axis |
+| Z          | i16        | `0`     | Velocity on the Z axis |
+
+## 0x1D Destroy Entity
+
+- Clientbound: [x]
+- Serverbound: [ ]
+- Size: 4
+
+| Field Name | Field Type | Example | Notes |
+| ---------- | ---------- | ------- | ----- |
+| Entity ID  | i32        | `446`   |       |
+
+## 0x1E Entity
+
+- Clientbound: [x]
+- Serverbound: [ ]
+- Size: 4
+
+Most entity-related packets are subclasses of this packet. When sent from the
+server to the client, it may initialize the entry.
+
+For player entities, either this packet or any move/look packet is sent several
+times per second. So the meaning of this packet is basically that the entity
+did not move/look since the last such packet.
+
+| Field Name | Field Type | Example | Notes |
+| ---------- | ---------- | ------- | ----- |
+| Entity ID  | i32        | `446`   |       |
+
+## 0x1F Entity Relative Move
+
+- Clientbound: [x]
+- Serverbound: [ ]
+- Size: 7
+
+| Field Name | Field Type | Example | Notes |
+| ---------- | ---------- | ------- | ----- |
+| Entity ID  | i32        | `446`   |       |
+| Relative X | i8         | `1`     |       |
+| Relative Y | i8         | `-7`    |       |
+| Relative Z | i8         | `5`     |       |
+
+Solid documentation on what these relative coordinates actually are is kind of
+lacking - apologies. I'll figure it out eventually though.
+
+## 0x20 Entity Look
+
+- Clientbound: [x]
+- Serverbound: [ ]
+- Size: 6
+
+This packet is sent by the server when an entity rotates.
+
+Example: `Yaw`=`64` means a 90 degree turn.
+
+| Field Name | Field Type | Example | Notes                              |
+| ---------- | ---------- | ------- | ---------------------------------- |
+| Entity ID  | i32        | `459`   |                                    |
+| Yaw        | i8         | `64`    | [Packed rotation][packed_rotation] |
+| Pitch      | i8         | `0`     | [Packed rotation][packed_rotation] |
+
+## 0x21 Entity Look and Relative Move
+
+- Clientbound: [x]
+- Serverbound: [ ]
+- Size: 9
+
+This packet is sent by the server when an entity rotates and moves.
+
+Since `i8` range is limited from -128 to 127, this packet allows at most four b
+locks movement in any direction. (`-128/32 == -4`)
+
+| Field Name | Field Type | Example | Notes                                |
+| ---------- | ---------- | ------- | ------------------------------------ |
+| Entity ID  | i32        | `446`   |                                      |
+| Relative X | i8         | `1`     |                                      |
+| Relative Y | i8         | `-7`    |                                      |
+| Relative Z | i8         | `5`     |                                      |
+| Yaw        | i8         | `64`    | X axis rotation as a fraction of 360 |
+| Pitch      | i8         | `0`     | Y axis rotation as a fraction of 360 |
+
+## 0x22 Entity Teleport
+
+- Clientbound: [x]
+- Serverbound: [ ]
+- Size: 18
+
+This packet is sent by the server when an entity moves more than 4 blocks.
+
+| Field Name | Field Type | Example | Notes                              |
+| ---------- | ---------- | ------- | ---------------------------------- |
+| Entity ID  | i32        | `446`   |                                    |
+| X          | i32        | `14162` | [Packed f64][packed_f64]           |
+| Y          | i32        | `2176`  | [Packed f64][packed_f64]           |
+| Z          | i32        | `1111`  | [Packed f64][packed_f64]           |
+| Yaw        | i8         | `64`    | [Packed rotation][packed_rotation] |
+| Pitch      | i8         | `0`     | [Packed rotation][packed_rotation] |
+
+## 0x26 Entity Status
+
+- Clientbound: [x]
+- Serverbound: [ ]
+- Size: 5
+
+| Field Name | Field Type | Example | Notes     |
+| ---------- | ---------- | ------- | --------- |
+| Entity ID  | i32        | `446`   |           |
+| Status     | i8         | `2`     | See below |
+
+### Status
+
+- `2`: (Living Entities only) Attack animation
+- `3`: (Living Entities only) Death animation
+- `6`: (Wolf only) Make smoke particles
+- `7`: (Wolf only) Make hearts particles
+- `8`: (Wolf only) Shaking
+
+## 0x27 Ride Entity
+
+- Clientbound: [x]
+- Serverbound: [ ]
+- Size: 8
+
+This packet is sent when a player starts riding an entity.
+
+| Field Name        | Field Type | Example | Notes               |
+| ----------------- | ---------- | ------- | ------------------- |
+| Player Entity ID  | i32        | `446`   | Player's entity ID  |
+| Vehicle Entity ID | i32        | `1805`  | Vehicle's entity ID |
+
+## 0x28 Update Entity Metadata
+
+- Clientbound: [x]
+- Serverbound: [ ]
+- Size: 4 + [Metadata][entity_metadata] (at least 1)
+
+| Field Name      | Field Type                         | Example | Notes                                             |
+| --------------- | ---------------------------------- | ------- | ------------------------------------------------- |
+| Entity ID       | i32                                | `446`   | Entity ID                                         |
+| Entity Metadata | [Entity Metadata][entity_metadata] | `127`   | Indexed metadata, terminated by `0x7F` - see link |
+
+## 0x32 Initialize Chunk
+
+- Clientbound: [x]
+- Serverbound: [ ]
+- Size: 9
+
+The client is expected to allocate space for a full chunk (16 x 128 x 16 blocks).
+
+One or more [Chunk Data][chunk_data] packets will follow, specifying actual data
+to fill the chunk with.
+
+Whenever you send this packet the client will clear any previous chunk at that
+spot if one has previously been sent. Clients don't like being in or next to an
+unloaded chunk, so try not to unload it if players are nearby. If the player
+appears to be twitching and stuck in place after joining the world, there is
+probably an unloaded chunk too close to them.
+
+| Field Name  | Field Type | Example | Notes                                                                                 |
+| ----------- | ---------- | ------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
+| X           | i32        | `-9`    | Chunk coordinate                                                                      |
+| Z           | i32        | `12`    | Chunk coordinate                                                                      |
+| Load/Unload | bool       | `true`  | If `false`, the client unloads the chunk. If `true`, the client initializes the chunk |
+
+## 0x33 Chunk Data
+
+- Clientbound: [x]
+- Serverbound: [ ]
+- Size: 17 + compressed chunk size
+
+| Field Name      | Field Type | Example | Notes                                 |
+| --------------- | ---------- | ------- | ------------------------------------- |
+| X               | i32        | `128`   | Block coordinate                      |
+| Y               | i16        | `0`     | Block coordinate                      |
+| Z               | i32        | `-192`  | Block coordinate                      |
+| Size X          | i8         | `15`    | Size X is Actual X Size -1            |
+| Size Y          | i8         | `127`   | Size Y is Actual Y Size -1            |
+| Size Z          | i8         | `15`    | Size Z is Actual Z Size -1            |
+| Compressed size | i32        | `3663`  | Size of compressed region data        |
+| Compressed data | Vec\<u8\>  | `...`   | Compressed region data (zlib deflate) |
+
+### X,Y,Z
+
+This is the start position of the region, in world block coordinates.
+
+To find which chunk is affected, in the same coordinates given by [Initialize Chunk][initialize_chunk]:
+
+```
+chunkX = X >> 4
+chunkY = Y >> 7
+chunkZ = Z >> 4
+```
+
+And conversely, which local block in the chunk to start at:
+
+```
+startX = X & 15
+startY = Y & 127  (not always 0!)
+startZ = Z & 15
+```
+
+### Size X,Y,Z
+
+This is the size of the region, in blocks. The server will subtract one from
+the sizes and then cast them to a byte before sending. This is so that chunks
+as large as 256 are possible.
+
+### Compressed data
+
+The data is compressed using the deflate() function in [zlib]. After uncompressing,
+the data consists of four sequential sections, in order:
+
+- Block ID array (1 byte per block)
+- Block metadata array (half byte/nibble per block)
+- Block Light array (half byte/nibble per block)
+- Sky Light array (half byte/nibble per block)
+
+The data is exactly `(sizeX+1) * (sizeY+1) * (sizeZ+1) * 2.5` bytes long.
+Nibbles are not rounded either direction, which means that at least one
+dimension of the chunk must be even.
+
+The arrays are not interlaced.
+
+In other words, there are `sizeX` number of x planes, each plane made up of
+`sizeZ` number of z rows, each row made up of `sizeY` blocks indexed by y
+coordinate in order.
+
+The Block ID array is indexed with:
+
+```
+index = y + (z * (sizeY+1)) + (x * (sizeY+1) * (sizeZ+1))
+```
+
+The other arrays are similar but you need to divide the index by two after
+calculating the above. Then each byte contains data for two blocks. The low
+four bits contain the first (lower Y) nibble and the high four bits contain the
+second nibble.
+
+If you have a FULL map chunk (`sizeX = 15, sizeY = 127, sizeZ = 15`), you can
+calculate index coordinates:
+
+```
+x = X + ( index >> 11 )
+y = index & 0x7F
+z = Z + ( (index & 0x780) >> 7 )
+```
+
+## 0x34 Multi Block Change
+
+- Clientbound: [x]
+- Serverbound: [ ]
+- Size: 10 + arrays
+
+This is a multiple-block-change command; if you take the three arrays, and put
+together elements with the same index, and then decompose the `i16` into
+coordinates (top 4 bits is X, next 4 bits is Z, bottom 8 bits is Y), you get
+arrays like [((8, 7, 4), 11, 0), ((7, 13, 6), 11, 0), ((13, 1, 8), 11, 0), ((7, 6, 6), 11, 0)].
+
+| Field Name           | Field Type | Example | Notes                                   |
+| -------------------- | ---------- | ------- | --------------------------------------- |
+| X                    | i32        | `-9`    | Chunk coordinate                        |
+| Z                    | i32        | `12`    | Chunk coordinate                        |
+| Array size           | i16        | `2`     | The total number of elements per array  |
+| Coordinate array     | Vec\<i16\> | `...`   | The coordinates of the blocks to change |
+| Block ID array       | Vec\<i8\>  | `...`   | The ID for each block to change         |
+| Block metadata array | Vec\<i8\>  | `...`   | The metadata for each block changed     |
+
+See [blocks] for information on the metadata variable.
+
+## 0x35 Block Change
+
+- Clientbound: [x]
+- Serverbound: [ ]
+- Size: 11
+
+| Field Name     | Field Type | Example | Notes                      |
+| -------------- | ---------- | ------- | -------------------------- |
+| X              | i32        | `128`   | Block coordinate           |
+| Y              | i8         | `0`     | Block coordinate           |
+| Z              | i32        | `-192`  | Block coordinate           |
+| Block ID       | i8         | `78`    | The type for the block     |
+| Block metadata | i8         | `0`     | The metadata for the block |
+
+See [blocks] for information on the metadata variable.
+
+## 0x36 Play Note Block
+
+- Clientbound: [x]
+- Serverbound: [ ]
+- Size: 12
+
+Sent when a note block is played.
+
+| Field Name      | Field Type | Example | Notes                                           |
+| --------------- | ---------- | ------- | ----------------------------------------------- |
+| X               | i32        | `128`   | Block coordinate                                |
+| Y               | i16        | `0`     | Block coordinate                                |
+| Z               | i32        | `-192`  | Block coordinate                                |
+| Instrument type | i8         | `3`     | See below                                       |
+| Pitch           | i8         | `17`    | The pitch of the note (between 0..24 inclusive) |
+
+### Instrument types
+
+- `0`: Harp
+- `1`: Double Bass
+- `2`: Snare Drum
+- `3`: Clicks/Sticks (Hihat)
+- `4`: Bass Drum
+
+## 0x3C Explosion
+
+- Clientbound: [x]
+- Serverbound: [ ]
+- Size: 32 + `3*(coordinate count)`
+
+Sent when an explosion occurs.
+
+| Field Name       | Field Type            | Example  | Notes                          |
+| ---------------- | --------------------- | -------- | ------------------------------ |
+| X                | f64                   | `128.0`  | Center coordinate              |
+| Y                | f64                   | `0.0`    | Center coordinate              |
+| Z                | f64                   | `-192.0` | Center coordinate              |
+| Radius           | f32                   | `4.0`    |                                |
+| Coordinate count | i32                   | `60`     |                                |
+| Records          | (i8, i8, i8) \* count | `...`    | XYZ offsets of affected blocks |
+
+## 0x3D Play Effect
+
+- Clientbound: [x]
+- Serverbound: [ ]
+- Size: 17
+
+Sent when a client is to play an effect.
+
+| Field Name | Field Type | Example  | Notes            |
+| ---------- | ---------- | -------- | ---------------- |
+| Effect ID  | i32        | `1003`   | See below        |
+| X          | i32        | `128.0`  | Block coordinate |
+| Y          | i8         | `0.0`    | Block coordinate |
+| Z          | i32        | `-192.0` | Block coordinate |
+| Data       | i32        | `0`      | See below        |
+
+### Effects
+
+- `1000`: Play sound `random.click` with pitch 1.0
+- `1001`: Play sound `random.click` with pitch 1.2
+- `1002`: Play sound `random.bow` with pitch 1.2
+- `1003`: Play sound randomly between `random.door_open` and `random.door_close` with random uniform pitch between 0.0 and 1.0
+- `1004`: Play sound `random.fizz` with volume 0.5 and random pitch
+- `1005`: Play record sound.
+    - The record item ID is given in the effect data.
+- `2000`: Spawn smoke particles
+    - The radius is given in effect data with two bits for X and Z axis, like this: `0bZZXX`
+- `2001`: Play and show block break sound and particles.
+    - The block id is given in effect data.
+
+## 0x46 Notification
+
+- Clientbound: [x]
+- Serverbound: [ ]
+- Size: 1
+
+Sent to notify the client of some state.
+
+| Field Name | Field Type | Example | Notes     |
+| ---------- | ---------- | ------- | --------- |
+| Reason     | i8         | `1`     | See below |
+
+### Reason
+
+- `0`: Invalid bed
+- `1`: Start raining
+- `2`: Stop raining
+
+## 0x47 Lightning
+
+- Clientbound: [x]
+- Serverbound: [ ]
+- Size: 17
+
+Notifies the client of thunderbolts striking somewhere. The coordinates specify
+where exactly the thunderbolt strikes.
+
+| Field Name | Field Type | Example | Notes                    |
+| ---------- | ---------- | ------- | ------------------------ |
+| Entity ID  | i32        | `4`     | Lightning bolt entity ID |
+| ???        | bool       | `true`  | Always `true`            |
+| X          | i32        | `133`   | [Packed f64][packed_f64] |
+| Y          | i32        | `913`   | [Packed f64][packed_f64] |
+| Z          | i32        | `63552` | [Packed f64][packed_f64] |
+
+## 0x64 Open Inventory
+
+- Clientbound: [x]
+- Serverbound: [ ]
+- Size: 5 + length of strings
+
+| Field Name      | Field Type | Example | Notes                |
+| --------------- | ---------- | ------- | -------------------- |
+| Inventory ID    | i8         | `123`   |                      |
+| Inventory Type  | i8         | `0`     | See below            |
+| Title           | str8       | `Chest` | Only used for chests |
+| Number of slots | i8         | `3`     |                      |
+
+### Inventory Type
+
+- `0`: Chest
+- `1`: Crafting table
+- `2`: Furnace
+- `3`: Dispenser
+
+## 0x65 Close Inventory
+
+- Clientbound: [x]
+- Serverbound: [x]
+- Size: 1
+
+Clients send this packet with Inventory ID `0` when they close their inventory.
+
+| Field Name   | Field Type | Example | Notes                    |
+| ------------ | ---------- | ------- | ------------------------ |
+| Inventory ID | i8         | `123`   | 0 for player's inventory |
+
+## 0x66 Click Inventory
+
+- Clientbound: [ ]
+- Serverbound: [x]
+- Size: 9 or 12
+
+Sent when the playuer clicks on a slot in an inventory.
+
+| Field Name     | Field Type | Example | Notes                                                                                                 |
+| -------------- | ---------- | ------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
+| Inventory ID   | i8         | `123`   | 0 for player's inventory                                                                              |
+| Cicked Slot    | i16        | `36`    |                                                                                                       |
+| Right clicking | bool       | `true`  | `true` if right cicking, `false` otherwise                                                            |
+| Action number  | `i16`      | `12`    | Unique number for the action, used for [transaction handling][transaction]                            |
+| Shift          | bool       | `fase`  | `true` if the player was holding shift, `false` otherwise                                             |
+| Item ID        | `i16`      | `3`     | ID of the item that was in the slot. `-1` for no item. If `-1`, this is the last field in the packet. |
+| Item Count     | `i8`       | `64`    |                                                                                                       |
+| Item Data      | `i16`      | `10`    |                                                                                                       |
+
+When right-clicking on a stack of items, half the stack will be picked up and
+half left in the slot. If the stack is an odd number, the half left in the slot
+will be smaller of the amounts.
+
+The Action number is actually a counter, starting at `1`. This number is used by
+the server as a transaction ID to send back a [transaction] packet.
+
+For help with slot IDs, see the next packet.
+
+## 0x67 Set Inventory Slot
+
+- Clientbound: [x]
+- Serverbound: [ ]
+- Size: 5 or 8
+
+Sent by the server when an item in a slot is added/removed.
+
+| Field Name   | Field Type | Example | Notes                                                            |
+| ------------ | ---------- | ------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------- |
+| Inventory ID | i8         | `123`   | 0 for player's inventory                                         |
+| Slot         | i16        | `36`    |                                                                  |
+| Item ID      | `i16`      | `3`     | `-1` for no item. If `-1`, this is the last field in the packet. |
+| Item Count   | `i8`       | `64`    |                                                                  |
+| Item Data    | `i16`      | `10`    |                                                                  |
+
+Note that if window ID and slot are both `-1`, it means the item currently attached to the cursor.
+
+### Slot
+
+![Minecraft inventory with slot IDs crudely labelled](.assets/slots.png)
+
+## 0x68 Set Inventory Slots
+
+- Clientbound: [x]
+- Serverbound: [ ]
+- Size: 3 + size of payload
+
+Sent by the server when items in slots are added/removed. This includes the
+player inventory, equipped armor, and crafting slots.
+
+| Field Name    | Field Type | Example | Notes                    |
+| ------------- | ---------- | ------- | ------------------------ |
+| Inventory ID  | i8         | `123`   | 0 for player's inventory |
+| Payload count | i16        | `4`     | See below                |
+| Payload       | ...        |         | See below                |
+
+This packet is a bit trickier to parse than most others because the size of its
+payload is variable. The payload is an array of shorts (item ID) optionally
+followed by a byte-short pair (count and data) as long as the item ID does not
+equal `-1`, which signifies an empty slot.
+
+```python
+offset = 0
+
+for slot in count:
+    item_id = payload[offset] as short
+    offset += 2
+    if item_id is not equal to -1:
+        count = payload[offset] as byte
+        offset += 1
+        uses = payload[offset] as short
+        offset += 2
+        inventory[slot] = new item(item_id, count, uses)
+    else:
+        inventory[slot] = None
+```
+
+## 0x69 Update Progress Bar
+
+- Clientbound: [x]
+- Serverbound: [ ]
+- Size: 5
+
+| Field Name   | Field Type | Example | Notes                    |
+| ------------ | ---------- | ------- | ------------------------ |
+| Inventory ID | i8         | `123`   | 0 for player's inventory |
+| Progress Bar | i16        | `1`     | See below                |
+| Value        | i16        | 650     | See below                |
+
+### Furnace
+
+#### Progress bar
+
+- `0`: Arrow
+- `1`: Fire
+- `2`: Current Item Burn Time
+    - time in ticks that the fuel item takes to burn
+
+#### Value
+
+- `0`: Empty
+- Full progress arrow: approx. `180`
+- Full fire icon: approx. `250`
+
+## 0x6A Transaction
+
+- Clientbound: [x]
+- Serverbound: [x]
+- Size: 4
+
+A packet from the server indicating whether a request from the client was
+accepted, or whether there was a conflict (due to lag). This packet is also
+sent from the client to the server in response to a server transaction rejection
+packet.
+
+| Field Name    | Field Type | Example | Notes                    |
+| ------------- | ---------- | ------- | ------------------------ |
+| Inventory ID  | i8         | `123`   | 0 for player's inventory |
+| Action Number | i16        | `12`    |                          |
+| Accepted      | bool       | `true`  |                          |
+
+## 0x82 Update Sign
+
+- Clientbound: [x]
+- Serverbound: [x]
+- Size: 10 + length of strings
+
+This message is sent from the server to the client whenever a sign comes into
+view distance or created. This message is sent from the client to the server when the "Done"
+button is pressed after placing a sign.
+
+| Field Name | Field Type | Example       | Notes |
+| ---------- | ---------- | ------------- | ----- |
+| X          | i32        | `123`         |       |
+| Y          | i16        | `0`           |       |
+| Z          | i32        | `-128`        |       |
+| Text1      | str16      | `First line`  |       |
+| Text2      | str16      | `Second line` |       |
+| Text3      | str16      | `Third line`  |       |
+| Text4      | str16      | `Fourth line` |       |
+
+## 0x83 Map Data
+
+- Clientbound: [x]
+- Serverbound: [ ]
+- Size: 5 + length of payload
+
+Sends map updates (columns of pixels or decorations).
+
+It allows the server to stream partial changes to a map rather than the entire
+128x128 bitmap.
+
+| Field Name     | Field Type | Example | Notes     |
+| -------------- | ---------- | ------- | --------- |
+| Item ID        | i16        | `358`   |           |
+| Item Data      | i16        | `0`     |           |
+| Payload length | u8         | `35`    |           |
+| Payload        | Vec\<i8\>  | `...`   | See below |
+
+### Payload formats
+
+The first byte of the payload is a _tag_ indicating the type of update:
+
+#### Tag `0` (Column update)
+
+- `u8 x_start`: X coordinate (0..127) of the column.
+- `u8 y_start`: Y coordinate (0..127) of the starting pixel.
+- `Vec<u8> colors`: Palette indices (one per pixel) written _downwards_ starting at `(x_start, y_start)`.
+
+Each color is a raw color (0–255), not a limited palette enum. The raw value is
+`base_id * 4 + shade`, where:
+
+- `base_id` is one of the 14 map palette entries.
+- `shade` is 0..3 for brightness variation.
+
+#### Tag `1` (Decorations)
+
+Sequence of entries, each 3 bytes:
+
+- `u8 data`: Upper 4 bits = direction (0..15), lower 4 bits = type (always 0).
+- `u8 x`: X coordinate of the decoration on the map (0..127).
+- `u8 y`: Y coordinate of the decoration on the map (0..127).
+
+Decorations are only used to show the player cursors on the map in Beta 1.7.
+
+## 0xC8 Increment Statistic
+
+- Clientbound: [x]
+- Serverbound: [ ]
+- Size: 5
+
+| Field Name   | Field Type | Example | Notes                 |
+| ------------ | ---------- | ------- | --------------------- |
+| Statistic ID | i32        | `1003`  | See below             |
+| Amount       | i8         | `1`     | Negative to decrement |
+
+### Statistic ID
+
+- TODO :-( - but you can [try this forum post][statistics]?
+
+## 0xFF Disconnect
+
+- Clientbound: [x]
+- Serverbound: [x]
+- Size: 2 + length of strings
+
+Sent by the server before it disconnects a client, or by the client before it
+disconnects from the server. The receiver of this packet assumes that the
+sender has already closed the connection by the time the packet arrives.
+
+| Field Name | Field Type | Example               | Notes |
+| ---------- | ---------- | --------------------- | ----- |
+| Reason     | str16      | `The server is full!` |       |
+
+[blocks]: blocks.md
+[entity_metadata]: #entity-metadata
+[packed_f64]: #floored-double
+[packed_rotation]: #packed-rotation
+[packed_motion_i8]: #packed-motion-i8
+[packed_motion_i16]: #packed-motion-i16
+[entity_types]: #entity-types
+[player_position]: #0x0b-player-position
+[player_look]: #0x0c-player-look
+[player_position_and_look]: #0x0d-player-position-and-look
+[block_dig]: #0x0e-block-dig
+[spawn_player]: #0x14-spawn-player
+[spawn_living_entity]: #0x18-spawn-living-entity
+[destroy_entity]: #0x1d-destroy-entity
+[initialize_chunk]: #0x32-initialize-chunk
+[chunk_data]: #0x33-chunk-data
+[set_slot]: #0x67-set-slot
+[transaction]: #0x6a-transaction
+[disconnect]: #0xff-disconnect
+[statistics]: http://www.minecraftforum.net/viewtopic.php?f=1020&t=295360
+[zlib]: http://www.zlib.net/
+[java8spec_floating]: https://docs.oracle.com/javase/specs/jls/se9/html/jls-4.html#jls-4.2.3
+[utf16]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UTF-16
+[mutf8]: https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/io/DataInput.html#modified-utf-8