feat: add profile card to OAuth consent page
Shows the authorizing user's avatar, display name, and handle on the
consent page. Fetches profile from Bluesky public API using the
login_hint parameter. Degrades gracefully if fetch fails.
- Uses JSON.stringify for safe JS string escaping (XSS prevention)
- Adds e2e tests for profile card rendering and XSS protection
- Adds retry logic for flaky wrangler dev errors in e2e tests
- Bumps version to 0.6.0
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>