fix: bundle partprobe in initramfs + robust partition re-read
partprobe was never in initramfs — all partition table re-reads
after sfdisk were silently failing, causing mkfs.vfat to fail on
NVMe because /dev/nvme0n1p1 didn't exist yet.
Now: partprobe bundled, plus blockdev/busybox/sfdisk --verify as
fallbacks, with 5s polling loop for device node appearance.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>