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Linux kernel mirror (for testing) git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git
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SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only/* * linux/fs/buffer.c * * Copyright (C) 1991, 1992, 2002 Linus Torvalds */
/* * Start bdflush() with kernel_thread not syscall - Paul Gortmaker, 12/95 * * Removed a lot of unnecessary code and simplified things now that * the buffer cache isn't our primary cache - Andrew Tridgell 12/96 * * Speed up hash, lru, and free list operations. Use gfp() for allocating * hash table, use SLAB cache for buffer heads. SMP threading. -DaveM * * Added 32k buffer block sizes - these are required older ARM systems. - RMK * * async buffer flushing, 1999 Andrea Arcangeli <andrea@suse.de> */
#include <linux/kernel.h>#include <linux/sched/signal.h>#include <linux/syscalls.h>#include <linux/fs.h>#include <linux/iomap.h>#include <linux/mm.h>#include <linux/percpu.h>#include <linux/slab.h>#include <linux/capability.h>#include <linux/blkdev.h>#include <linux/blk-crypto.h>#include <linux/file.h>#include <linux/quotaops.h>#include <linux/highmem.h>#include <linux/export.h>#include <linux/backing-dev.h>#include <linux/writeback.h>#include <linux/hash.h>#include <linux/suspend.h>#include <linux/buffer_head.h>#include <linux/task_io_accounting_ops.h>#include <linux/bio.h>#include <linux/cpu.h>#include <linux/bitops.h>#include <linux/mpage.h>#include <linux/bit_spinlock.h>#include <linux/folio_batch.h>#include <linux/sched/mm.h>#include <trace/events/block.h>#include <linux/fscrypt.h>#include <linux/fsverity.h>#include <linux/sched/isolation.h>
#include "internal.h"
#define BH_ENTRY(list) list_entry((list), struct buffer_head, b_assoc_buffers)
inline void touch_buffer(struct buffer_head *bh){ trace_block_touch_buffer(bh); folio_mark_accessed(bh->b_folio);}EXPORT_SYMBOL(touch_buffer);
void __lock_buffer(struct buffer_head *bh){ wait_on_bit_lock_io(&bh->b_state, BH_Lock, TASK_UNINTERRUPTIBLE);}EXPORT_SYMBOL(__lock_buffer);
void unlock_buffer(struct buffer_head *bh){ clear_and_wake_up_bit(BH_Lock, &bh->b_state);}EXPORT_SYMBOL(unlock_buffer);
/* * Returns if the folio has dirty or writeback buffers. If all the buffers * are unlocked and clean then the folio_test_dirty information is stale. If * any of the buffers are locked, it is assumed they are locked for IO. */void buffer_check_dirty_writeback(struct folio *folio, bool *dirty, bool *writeback){ struct buffer_head *head, *bh; *dirty = false; *writeback = false;
BUG_ON(!folio_test_locked(folio));
head = folio_buffers(folio); if (!head) return;
if (folio_test_writeback(folio)) *writeback = true;
bh = head; do { if (buffer_locked(bh)) *writeback = true;
if (buffer_dirty(bh)) *dirty = true;
bh = bh->b_this_page; } while (bh != head);}
/* * Block until a buffer comes unlocked. This doesn't stop it * from becoming locked again - you have to lock it yourself * if you want to preserve its state. */void __wait_on_buffer(struct buffer_head * bh){ wait_on_bit_io(&bh->b_state, BH_Lock, TASK_UNINTERRUPTIBLE);}EXPORT_SYMBOL(__wait_on_buffer);
static void buffer_io_error(struct buffer_head *bh, char *msg){ if (!test_bit(BH_Quiet, &bh->b_state)) printk_ratelimited(KERN_ERR "Buffer I/O error on dev %pg, logical block %llu%s\n", bh->b_bdev, (unsigned long long)bh->b_blocknr, msg);}
/** * bio_endio_bh - Discard the bio used to submit a buffer. * @bio: The bio. * @bhp: Where to return the buffer_head. * * Call this in your bio_end_io handler to retrieve the buffer_head * submitted in bh_submit(). If you did not call bh_submit(), do not * call this function; it will return garbage. * * This function consumes the bio refcount which will probably free the * bio. * * Return: True if the I/O succeeded. */bool bio_endio_bh(struct bio *bio, struct buffer_head **bhp){ bool success = bio->bi_status == BLK_STS_OK; struct buffer_head *bh = bio->bi_private;
if (unlikely(bio_flagged(bio, BIO_QUIET))) set_bit(BH_Quiet, &bh->b_state); bio_put(bio);
*bhp = bh; return success;}EXPORT_SYMBOL(bio_endio_bh);
/** * end_buffer_read_sync - Handle buffer reads finishing * @bh: The buffer. * @uptodate: True if the read was successful. * * If a buffer is read through a mechanism that isn't bh_submit(), you * can call this function to finish the read. */void end_buffer_read_sync(struct buffer_head *bh, int uptodate){ if (uptodate) { set_buffer_uptodate(bh); } else { /* This happens, due to failed read-ahead attempts. */ clear_buffer_uptodate(bh); } unlock_buffer(bh);}EXPORT_SYMBOL(end_buffer_read_sync);
/** * bh_end_read - I/O end handler for reads * @bio: The bio being completed. * * Pass this function to bh_submit() if you're reading into the buffer, * unless you need your own special I/O end handler. */void bh_end_read(struct bio *bio){ struct buffer_head *bh; bool uptodate = bio_endio_bh(bio, &bh); end_buffer_read_sync(bh, uptodate);}EXPORT_SYMBOL(bh_end_read);
/** * bh_end_write - I/O end handler for writes * @bio: The bio being completed. * * Pass this function to bh_submit() if you're writing from the buffer, * unless you need your own special I/O end handler. */void bh_end_write(struct bio *bio){ struct buffer_head *bh; bool success = bio_endio_bh(bio, &bh);
if (success) { set_buffer_uptodate(bh); } else { buffer_io_error(bh, ", lost sync page write"); mark_buffer_write_io_error(bh); clear_buffer_uptodate(bh); } unlock_buffer(bh);}EXPORT_SYMBOL(bh_end_write);
static struct buffer_head *__find_get_block_slow(struct block_device *bdev, sector_t block, bool atomic){ struct address_space *bd_mapping = bdev->bd_mapping; const int blkbits = bd_mapping->host->i_blkbits; struct buffer_head *ret = NULL; pgoff_t index; struct buffer_head *bh; struct buffer_head *head; struct folio *folio; int all_mapped = 1; static DEFINE_RATELIMIT_STATE(last_warned, HZ, 1);
index = ((loff_t)block << blkbits) / PAGE_SIZE; folio = __filemap_get_folio(bd_mapping, index, FGP_ACCESSED, 0); if (IS_ERR(folio)) goto out;
/* * Folio lock protects the buffers. Callers that cannot block * will fallback to serializing vs try_to_free_buffers() via * the i_private_lock. */ if (atomic) spin_lock(&bd_mapping->i_private_lock); else folio_lock(folio);
head = folio_buffers(folio); if (!head) goto out_unlock; /* * Upon a noref migration, the folio lock serializes here; * otherwise bail. */ if (test_bit_acquire(BH_Migrate, &head->b_state)) { WARN_ON(!atomic); goto out_unlock; }
bh = head; do { if (!buffer_mapped(bh)) all_mapped = 0; else if (bh->b_blocknr == block) { ret = bh; get_bh(bh); goto out_unlock; } bh = bh->b_this_page; } while (bh != head);
/* we might be here because some of the buffers on this page are * not mapped. This is due to various races between * file io on the block device and getblk. It gets dealt with * elsewhere, don't buffer_error if we had some unmapped buffers */ ratelimit_set_flags(&last_warned, RATELIMIT_MSG_ON_RELEASE); if (all_mapped && __ratelimit(&last_warned)) { printk("__find_get_block_slow() failed. block=%llu, " "b_blocknr=%llu, b_state=0x%08lx, b_size=%zu, " "device %pg blocksize: %d\n", (unsigned long long)block, (unsigned long long)bh->b_blocknr, bh->b_state, bh->b_size, bdev, 1 << blkbits); }out_unlock: if (atomic) spin_unlock(&bd_mapping->i_private_lock); else folio_unlock(folio); folio_put(folio);out: return ret;}
static void end_buffer_async_read(struct buffer_head *bh, int uptodate){ unsigned long flags; struct buffer_head *first; struct buffer_head *tmp; struct folio *folio; int folio_uptodate = 1;
BUG_ON(!buffer_async_read(bh));
folio = bh->b_folio; if (uptodate) { set_buffer_uptodate(bh); } else { clear_buffer_uptodate(bh); buffer_io_error(bh, ", async page read"); }
/* * Be _very_ careful from here on. Bad things can happen if * two buffer heads end IO at almost the same time and both * decide that the page is now completely done. */ first = folio_buffers(folio); spin_lock_irqsave(&first->b_uptodate_lock, flags); clear_buffer_async_read(bh); unlock_buffer(bh); tmp = bh; do { if (!buffer_uptodate(tmp)) folio_uptodate = 0; if (buffer_async_read(tmp)) { BUG_ON(!buffer_locked(tmp)); goto still_busy; } tmp = tmp->b_this_page; } while (tmp != bh); spin_unlock_irqrestore(&first->b_uptodate_lock, flags);
folio_end_read(folio, folio_uptodate); return;
still_busy: spin_unlock_irqrestore(&first->b_uptodate_lock, flags);}
struct postprocess_bh_ctx { struct work_struct work; struct buffer_head *bh; struct fsverity_info *vi;};
static void verify_bh(struct work_struct *work){ struct postprocess_bh_ctx *ctx = container_of(work, struct postprocess_bh_ctx, work); struct buffer_head *bh = ctx->bh; bool valid;
valid = fsverity_verify_blocks(ctx->vi, bh->b_folio, bh->b_size, bh_offset(bh)); end_buffer_async_read(bh, valid); kfree(ctx);}
static void decrypt_bh(struct work_struct *work){ struct postprocess_bh_ctx *ctx = container_of(work, struct postprocess_bh_ctx, work); struct buffer_head *bh = ctx->bh; int err;
err = fscrypt_decrypt_pagecache_blocks(bh->b_folio, bh->b_size, bh_offset(bh)); if (err == 0 && ctx->vi) { /* * We use different work queues for decryption and for verity * because verity may require reading metadata pages that need * decryption, and we shouldn't recurse to the same workqueue. */ INIT_WORK(&ctx->work, verify_bh); fsverity_enqueue_verify_work(&ctx->work); return; } end_buffer_async_read(bh, err == 0); kfree(ctx);}
/* * I/O completion handler for block_read_full_folio() - folios * which come unlocked at the end of I/O. */static void bh_end_async_read(struct bio *bio){ struct buffer_head *bh; bool uptodate = bio_endio_bh(bio, &bh); struct inode *inode = bh->b_folio->mapping->host; bool decrypt = fscrypt_inode_uses_fs_layer_crypto(inode); struct fsverity_info *vi = NULL;
/* needed by ext4 */ if (bh->b_folio->index < DIV_ROUND_UP(inode->i_size, PAGE_SIZE)) vi = fsverity_get_info(inode);
/* Decrypt (with fscrypt) and/or verify (with fsverity) if needed. */ if (uptodate && (decrypt || vi)) { struct postprocess_bh_ctx *ctx = kmalloc_obj(*ctx, GFP_ATOMIC);
if (ctx) { ctx->bh = bh; ctx->vi = vi; if (decrypt) { INIT_WORK(&ctx->work, decrypt_bh); fscrypt_enqueue_decrypt_work(&ctx->work); } else { INIT_WORK(&ctx->work, verify_bh); fsverity_enqueue_verify_work(&ctx->work); } return; } uptodate = false; } end_buffer_async_read(bh, uptodate);}
/** * bh_end_async_write - I/O end handler for async folio writes * @bio: The bio being completed. * * Pass this function to bh_submit() if you're doing the equivalent of * block_write_full_folio(). That is, the folio is unlocked, and will * have its writeback flag cleared once all async write buffers have * completed. */void bh_end_async_write(struct bio *bio){ struct buffer_head *bh; bool success = bio_endio_bh(bio, &bh); unsigned long flags; struct buffer_head *first; struct buffer_head *tmp; struct folio *folio;
BUG_ON(!buffer_async_write(bh));
folio = bh->b_folio; if (success) { set_buffer_uptodate(bh); } else { buffer_io_error(bh, ", lost async page write"); mark_buffer_write_io_error(bh); clear_buffer_uptodate(bh); }
first = folio_buffers(folio); spin_lock_irqsave(&first->b_uptodate_lock, flags);
clear_buffer_async_write(bh); unlock_buffer(bh); tmp = bh->b_this_page; while (tmp != bh) { if (buffer_async_write(tmp)) { BUG_ON(!buffer_locked(tmp)); goto still_busy; } tmp = tmp->b_this_page; } spin_unlock_irqrestore(&first->b_uptodate_lock, flags); folio_end_writeback(folio); return;
still_busy: spin_unlock_irqrestore(&first->b_uptodate_lock, flags);}EXPORT_SYMBOL(bh_end_async_write);
/* * fs/buffer.c contains helper functions for buffer-backed address space's * fsync functions. A common requirement for buffer-based filesystems is * that certain data from the backing blockdev needs to be written out for * a successful fsync(). For example, ext2 indirect blocks need to be * written back and waited upon before fsync() returns. * * The functions mmb_mark_buffer_dirty(), mmb_sync(), mmb_has_buffers() * and mmb_invalidate() are provided for the management of a list of dependent * buffers in mapping_metadata_bhs struct. * * The locking is a little subtle: The list of buffer heads is protected by * the lock in mapping_metadata_bhs so functions coming from bdev mapping * (such as try_to_free_buffers()) need to safely get to mapping_metadata_bhs * using RCU, grab the lock, verify we didn't race with somebody detaching the * bh / moving it to different inode and only then proceeding. */
void mmb_init(struct mapping_metadata_bhs *mmb, struct address_space *mapping){ spin_lock_init(&mmb->lock); INIT_LIST_HEAD(&mmb->list); mmb->mapping = mapping;}EXPORT_SYMBOL(mmb_init);
static void __remove_assoc_queue(struct mapping_metadata_bhs *mmb, struct buffer_head *bh){ lockdep_assert_held(&mmb->lock); list_del_init(&bh->b_assoc_buffers); WARN_ON(!bh->b_mmb); bh->b_mmb = NULL;}
static void remove_assoc_queue(struct buffer_head *bh){ struct mapping_metadata_bhs *mmb;
/* * The locking dance is ugly here. We need to acquire the lock * protecting the metadata bh list while possibly racing with bh * being removed from the list or moved to a different one. We * use RCU to pin mapping_metadata_bhs in memory to * opportunistically acquire the lock and then recheck the bh * didn't move under us. */ while (bh->b_mmb) { rcu_read_lock(); mmb = READ_ONCE(bh->b_mmb); if (mmb) { spin_lock(&mmb->lock); if (bh->b_mmb == mmb) __remove_assoc_queue(mmb, bh); spin_unlock(&mmb->lock); } rcu_read_unlock(); }}
bool mmb_has_buffers(struct mapping_metadata_bhs *mmb){ return !list_empty(&mmb->list);}EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(mmb_has_buffers);
/** * mmb_sync - write out & wait upon all buffers in a list * @mmb: the list of buffers to write * * Starts I/O against the buffers in the given list and waits upon * that I/O. Basically, this is a convenience function for fsync(). @mmb is * for a file or directory which needs those buffers to be written for a * successful fsync(). * * We have conflicting pressures: we want to make sure that all * initially dirty buffers get waited on, but that any subsequently * dirtied buffers don't. After all, we don't want fsync to last * forever if somebody is actively writing to the file. * * Do this in two main stages: first we copy dirty buffers to a * temporary inode list, queueing the writes as we go. Then we clean * up, waiting for those writes to complete. mark_buffer_dirty_inode() * doesn't touch b_assoc_buffers list if b_mmb is not NULL so we are sure the * buffer stays on our list until IO completes (at which point it can be * reaped). */int mmb_sync(struct mapping_metadata_bhs *mmb){ struct buffer_head *bh; int err = 0; struct blk_plug plug; LIST_HEAD(tmp);
if (!mmb_has_buffers(mmb)) return 0;
blk_start_plug(&plug);
spin_lock(&mmb->lock); while (!list_empty(&mmb->list)) { bh = BH_ENTRY(mmb->list.next); WARN_ON_ONCE(bh->b_mmb != mmb); __remove_assoc_queue(mmb, bh); /* Avoid race with mark_buffer_dirty_inode() which does * a lockless check and we rely on seeing the dirty bit */ smp_mb(); if (buffer_dirty(bh) || buffer_locked(bh)) { list_add(&bh->b_assoc_buffers, &tmp); bh->b_mmb = mmb; if (buffer_dirty(bh)) { get_bh(bh); spin_unlock(&mmb->lock); /* * Ensure any pending I/O completes so that * write_dirty_buffer() actually writes the * current contents - it is a noop if I/O is * still in flight on potentially older * contents. */ write_dirty_buffer(bh, REQ_SYNC);
/* * Kick off IO for the previous mapping. Note * that we will not run the very last mapping, * wait_on_buffer() will do that for us * through sync_buffer(). */ brelse(bh); spin_lock(&mmb->lock); } } }
spin_unlock(&mmb->lock); blk_finish_plug(&plug); spin_lock(&mmb->lock);
while (!list_empty(&tmp)) { bh = BH_ENTRY(tmp.prev); get_bh(bh); __remove_assoc_queue(mmb, bh); /* Avoid race with mark_buffer_dirty_inode() which does * a lockless check and we rely on seeing the dirty bit */ smp_mb(); if (buffer_dirty(bh)) { list_add(&bh->b_assoc_buffers, &mmb->list); bh->b_mmb = mmb; } spin_unlock(&mmb->lock); wait_on_buffer(bh); if (!buffer_uptodate(bh)) err = -EIO; brelse(bh); spin_lock(&mmb->lock); } spin_unlock(&mmb->lock); return err;}EXPORT_SYMBOL(mmb_sync);
/** * mmb_fsync_noflush - fsync implementation for simple filesystems with * metadata buffers list * * @file: file to synchronize * @mmb: list of metadata bhs to flush * @start: start offset in bytes * @end: end offset in bytes (inclusive) * @datasync: only synchronize essential metadata if true * * This is an implementation of the fsync method for simple filesystems which * track all non-inode metadata in the buffers list hanging off the @mmb * structure. */int mmb_fsync_noflush(struct file *file, struct mapping_metadata_bhs *mmb, loff_t start, loff_t end, bool datasync){ struct inode *inode = file->f_mapping->host; int err; int ret = 0;
err = file_write_and_wait_range(file, start, end); if (err) return err;
if (mmb) ret = mmb_sync(mmb); if (!(inode_state_read_once(inode) & I_DIRTY_ALL)) goto out; if (datasync && !(inode_state_read_once(inode) & I_DIRTY_DATASYNC)) goto out;
err = sync_inode_metadata(inode, 1); if (ret == 0) ret = err;
out: /* check and advance again to catch errors after syncing out buffers */ err = file_check_and_advance_wb_err(file); if (ret == 0) ret = err; return ret;}EXPORT_SYMBOL(mmb_fsync_noflush);
/** * mmb_fsync - fsync implementation for simple filesystems with metadata * buffers list * * @file: file to synchronize * @mmb: list of metadata bhs to flush * @start: start offset in bytes * @end: end offset in bytes (inclusive) * @datasync: only synchronize essential metadata if true * * This is an implementation of the fsync method for simple filesystems which * track all non-inode metadata in the buffers list hanging off the @mmb * structure. This also makes sure that a device cache flush operation is * called at the end. */int mmb_fsync(struct file *file, struct mapping_metadata_bhs *mmb, loff_t start, loff_t end, bool datasync){ struct inode *inode = file->f_mapping->host; int ret;
ret = mmb_fsync_noflush(file, mmb, start, end, datasync); if (!ret) ret = blkdev_issue_flush(inode->i_sb->s_bdev); return ret;}EXPORT_SYMBOL(mmb_fsync);
/* * Called when we've recently written block `bblock', and it is known that * `bblock' was for a buffer_boundary() buffer. This means that the block at * `bblock + 1' is probably a dirty indirect block. Hunt it down and, if it's * dirty, schedule it for IO. So that indirects merge nicely with their data. */void write_boundary_block(struct block_device *bdev, sector_t bblock, unsigned blocksize){ struct buffer_head *bh;
bh = __find_get_block_nonatomic(bdev, bblock + 1, blocksize); if (bh) { if (buffer_dirty(bh)) write_dirty_buffer(bh, 0); put_bh(bh); }}
void mmb_mark_buffer_dirty(struct buffer_head *bh, struct mapping_metadata_bhs *mmb){ mark_buffer_dirty(bh); if (!bh->b_mmb) { spin_lock(&mmb->lock); /* * For a corrupted filesystem with multiply claimed blocks this * can fail. Avoid corrupting the linked list in that case. */ if (cmpxchg(&bh->b_mmb, NULL, mmb) != NULL) { spin_unlock(&mmb->lock); return; } list_move_tail(&bh->b_assoc_buffers, &mmb->list); spin_unlock(&mmb->lock); }}EXPORT_SYMBOL(mmb_mark_buffer_dirty);
/** * block_dirty_folio - Mark a folio as dirty. * @mapping: The address space containing this folio. * @folio: The folio to mark dirty. * * Filesystems which use buffer_heads can use this function as their * ->dirty_folio implementation. Some filesystems need to do a little * work before calling this function. Filesystems which do not use * buffer_heads should call filemap_dirty_folio() instead. * * If the folio has buffers, the uptodate buffers are set dirty, to * preserve dirty-state coherency between the folio and the buffers. * Buffers added to a dirty folio are created dirty. * * The buffers are dirtied before the folio is dirtied. There's a small * race window in which writeback may see the folio cleanness but not the * buffer dirtiness. That's fine. If this code were to set the folio * dirty before the buffers, writeback could clear the folio dirty flag, * see a bunch of clean buffers and we'd end up with dirty buffers/clean * folio on the dirty folio list. * * We use i_private_lock to lock against try_to_free_buffers() while * using the folio's buffer list. This also prevents clean buffers * being added to the folio after it was set dirty. * * Context: May only be called from process context. Does not sleep. * Caller must ensure that @folio cannot be truncated during this call, * typically by holding the folio lock or having a page in the folio * mapped and holding the page table lock. * * Return: True if the folio was dirtied; false if it was already dirtied. */bool block_dirty_folio(struct address_space *mapping, struct folio *folio){ struct buffer_head *head; bool newly_dirty;
spin_lock(&mapping->i_private_lock); head = folio_buffers(folio); if (head) { struct buffer_head *bh = head;
do { set_buffer_dirty(bh); bh = bh->b_this_page; } while (bh != head); } /* * Lock out page's memcg migration to keep PageDirty * synchronized with per-memcg dirty page counters. */ newly_dirty = !folio_test_set_dirty(folio); spin_unlock(&mapping->i_private_lock);
if (newly_dirty) __folio_mark_dirty(folio, mapping, 1);
if (newly_dirty) __mark_inode_dirty(mapping->host, I_DIRTY_PAGES);
return newly_dirty;}EXPORT_SYMBOL(block_dirty_folio);
/* * Invalidate any and all dirty buffers on a given buffers list. We are * probably unmounting the fs, but that doesn't mean we have already * done a sync(). Just drop the buffers from the inode list. */void mmb_invalidate(struct mapping_metadata_bhs *mmb){ if (mmb_has_buffers(mmb)) { spin_lock(&mmb->lock); while (!list_empty(&mmb->list)) __remove_assoc_queue(mmb, BH_ENTRY(mmb->list.next)); spin_unlock(&mmb->lock); }}EXPORT_SYMBOL(mmb_invalidate);
/* * Create the appropriate buffers when given a folio for data area and * the size of each buffer.. Use the bh->b_this_page linked list to * follow the buffers created. Return NULL if unable to create more * buffers. * * The retry flag is used to differentiate async IO (paging, swapping) * which may not fail from ordinary buffer allocations. */struct buffer_head *folio_alloc_buffers(struct folio *folio, unsigned long size, gfp_t gfp){ struct buffer_head *bh, *head; long offset; struct mem_cgroup *memcg, *old_memcg;
memcg = get_mem_cgroup_from_folio(folio); old_memcg = set_active_memcg(memcg);
head = NULL; offset = folio_size(folio); while ((offset -= size) >= 0) { bh = alloc_buffer_head(gfp); if (!bh) goto no_grow;
bh->b_this_page = head; bh->b_blocknr = -1; head = bh;
bh->b_size = size;
/* Link the buffer to its folio */ folio_set_bh(bh, folio, offset); }out: set_active_memcg(old_memcg); mem_cgroup_put(memcg); return head;/* * In case anything failed, we just free everything we got. */no_grow: if (head) { do { bh = head; head = head->b_this_page; free_buffer_head(bh); } while (head); }
goto out;}EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(folio_alloc_buffers);
struct buffer_head *alloc_page_buffers(struct page *page, unsigned long size){ gfp_t gfp = GFP_NOFS | __GFP_ACCOUNT;
return folio_alloc_buffers(page_folio(page), size, gfp);}EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(alloc_page_buffers);
static inline void link_dev_buffers(struct folio *folio, struct buffer_head *head){ struct buffer_head *bh, *tail;
bh = head; do { tail = bh; bh = bh->b_this_page; } while (bh); tail->b_this_page = head; folio_attach_private(folio, head);}
static sector_t blkdev_max_block(struct block_device *bdev, unsigned int size){ sector_t retval = ~((sector_t)0); loff_t sz = bdev_nr_bytes(bdev);
if (sz) { unsigned int sizebits = blksize_bits(size); retval = (sz >> sizebits); } return retval;}
/* * Initialise the state of a blockdev folio's buffers. */ static sector_t folio_init_buffers(struct folio *folio, struct block_device *bdev, unsigned size){ struct buffer_head *head = folio_buffers(folio); struct buffer_head *bh = head; bool uptodate = folio_test_uptodate(folio); sector_t block = div_u64(folio_pos(folio), size); sector_t end_block = blkdev_max_block(bdev, size);
do { if (!buffer_mapped(bh)) { bh->b_private = NULL; bh->b_bdev = bdev; bh->b_blocknr = block; if (uptodate) set_buffer_uptodate(bh); if (block < end_block) set_buffer_mapped(bh); } block++; bh = bh->b_this_page; } while (bh != head);
/* * Caller needs to validate requested block against end of device. */ return end_block;}
/* * Create the page-cache folio that contains the requested block. * * This is used purely for blockdev mappings. * * Returns false if we have a failure which cannot be cured by retrying * without sleeping. Returns true if we succeeded, or the caller should retry. */static bool grow_dev_folio(struct block_device *bdev, sector_t block, pgoff_t index, unsigned size, gfp_t gfp){ struct address_space *mapping = bdev->bd_mapping; struct folio *folio; struct buffer_head *bh; sector_t end_block = 0;
folio = __filemap_get_folio(mapping, index, FGP_LOCK | FGP_ACCESSED | FGP_CREAT, gfp); if (IS_ERR(folio)) return false;
bh = folio_buffers(folio); if (bh) { if (bh->b_size == size) { end_block = folio_init_buffers(folio, bdev, size); goto unlock; }
/* * Retrying may succeed; for example the folio may finish * writeback, or buffers may be cleaned. This should not * happen very often; maybe we have old buffers attached to * this blockdev's page cache and we're trying to change * the block size? */ if (!try_to_free_buffers(folio)) { end_block = ~0ULL; goto unlock; } }
bh = folio_alloc_buffers(folio, size, gfp | __GFP_ACCOUNT); if (!bh) goto unlock;
/* * Link the folio to the buffers and initialise them. Take the * lock to be atomic wrt __find_get_block(), which does not * run under the folio lock. */ spin_lock(&mapping->i_private_lock); link_dev_buffers(folio, bh); end_block = folio_init_buffers(folio, bdev, size); spin_unlock(&mapping->i_private_lock);unlock: folio_unlock(folio); folio_put(folio); return block < end_block;}
/* * Create buffers for the specified block device block's folio. If * that folio was dirty, the buffers are set dirty also. Returns false * if we've hit a permanent error. */static bool grow_buffers(struct block_device *bdev, sector_t block, unsigned size, gfp_t gfp){ loff_t pos;
/* * Check for a block which lies outside our maximum possible * pagecache index. */ if (check_mul_overflow(block, (sector_t)size, &pos) || pos > MAX_LFS_FILESIZE) { printk(KERN_ERR "%s: requested out-of-range block %llu for device %pg\n", __func__, (unsigned long long)block, bdev); return false; }
/* Create a folio with the proper size buffers */ return grow_dev_folio(bdev, block, pos / PAGE_SIZE, size, gfp);}
static struct buffer_head *__getblk_slow(struct block_device *bdev, sector_t block, unsigned size, gfp_t gfp){ bool blocking = gfpflags_allow_blocking(gfp);
if (WARN_ON_ONCE(!IS_ALIGNED(size, bdev_logical_block_size(bdev)))) { printk(KERN_ERR "getblk(): block size %d not aligned to logical block size %d\n", size, bdev_logical_block_size(bdev)); return NULL; }
for (;;) { struct buffer_head *bh;
if (!grow_buffers(bdev, block, size, gfp)) return NULL;
if (blocking) bh = __find_get_block_nonatomic(bdev, block, size); else bh = __find_get_block(bdev, block, size); if (bh) return bh; }}
/* * The relationship between dirty buffers and dirty pages: * * Whenever a page has any dirty buffers, the page's dirty bit is set, and * the page is tagged dirty in the page cache. * * At all times, the dirtiness of the buffers represents the dirtiness of * subsections of the page. If the page has buffers, the page dirty bit is * merely a hint about the true dirty state. * * When a page is set dirty in its entirety, all its buffers are marked dirty * (if the page has buffers). * * When a buffer is marked dirty, its page is dirtied, but the page's other * buffers are not. * * Also. When blockdev buffers are explicitly read with bread(), they * individually become uptodate. But their backing page remains not * uptodate - even if all of its buffers are uptodate. A subsequent * block_read_full_folio() against that folio will discover all the uptodate * buffers, will set the folio uptodate and will perform no I/O. */
/** * mark_buffer_dirty - mark a buffer_head as needing writeout * @bh: the buffer_head to mark dirty * * mark_buffer_dirty() will set the dirty bit against the buffer, then set * its backing page dirty, then tag the page as dirty in the page cache * and then attach the address_space's inode to its superblock's dirty * inode list. * * mark_buffer_dirty() is atomic. It takes bh->b_folio->mapping->i_private_lock, * i_pages lock and mapping->host->i_lock. */void mark_buffer_dirty(struct buffer_head *bh){ WARN_ON_ONCE(!buffer_uptodate(bh));
trace_block_dirty_buffer(bh);
/* * Very *carefully* optimize the it-is-already-dirty case. * * Don't let the final "is it dirty" escape to before we * perhaps modified the buffer. */ if (buffer_dirty(bh)) { smp_mb(); if (buffer_dirty(bh)) return; }
if (!test_set_buffer_dirty(bh)) { struct folio *folio = bh->b_folio; struct address_space *mapping = NULL;
if (!folio_test_set_dirty(folio)) { mapping = folio->mapping; if (mapping) __folio_mark_dirty(folio, mapping, 0); } if (mapping) __mark_inode_dirty(mapping->host, I_DIRTY_PAGES); }}EXPORT_SYMBOL(mark_buffer_dirty);
void mark_buffer_write_io_error(struct buffer_head *bh){ set_buffer_write_io_error(bh); /* FIXME: do we need to set this in both places? */ if (bh->b_folio && bh->b_folio->mapping) mapping_set_error(bh->b_folio->mapping, -EIO); if (bh->b_mmb) mapping_set_error(bh->b_mmb->mapping, -EIO);}EXPORT_SYMBOL(mark_buffer_write_io_error);
/** * __brelse - Release a buffer. * @bh: The buffer to release. * * This variant of brelse() can be called if @bh is guaranteed to not be NULL. */void __brelse(struct buffer_head *bh){ if (atomic_read(&bh->b_count)) { put_bh(bh); return; } WARN(1, KERN_ERR "VFS: brelse: Trying to free free buffer\n");}EXPORT_SYMBOL(__brelse);
/** * __bforget - Discard any dirty data in a buffer. * @bh: The buffer to forget. * * This variant of bforget() can be called if @bh is guaranteed to not * be NULL. */void __bforget(struct buffer_head *bh){ clear_buffer_dirty(bh); remove_assoc_queue(bh); __brelse(bh);}EXPORT_SYMBOL(__bforget);
static void buffer_set_crypto_ctx(struct bio *bio, const struct buffer_head *bh, gfp_t gfp_mask){ const struct address_space *mapping = folio_mapping(bh->b_folio);
/* * The ext4 journal (jbd2) can submit a buffer_head it directly created * for a non-pagecache page. fscrypt doesn't care about these. */ if (!mapping) return; fscrypt_set_bio_crypt_ctx(bio, mapping->host, folio_pos(bh->b_folio) + bh_offset(bh), gfp_mask);}
static void __bh_submit(struct buffer_head *bh, blk_opf_t opf, enum rw_hint write_hint, struct writeback_control *wbc, bio_end_io_t end_bio){ const enum req_op op = opf & REQ_OP_MASK; struct bio *bio;
BUG_ON(!buffer_locked(bh)); BUG_ON(!buffer_mapped(bh)); BUG_ON(buffer_delay(bh)); BUG_ON(buffer_unwritten(bh));
/* * Only clear out a write error when rewriting */ if (test_set_buffer_req(bh) && (op == REQ_OP_WRITE)) clear_buffer_write_io_error(bh);
if (buffer_meta(bh)) opf |= REQ_META; if (buffer_prio(bh)) opf |= REQ_PRIO;
bio = bio_alloc(bh->b_bdev, 1, opf, GFP_NOIO);
if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_FS_ENCRYPTION)) buffer_set_crypto_ctx(bio, bh, GFP_NOIO);
bio->bi_iter.bi_sector = bh->b_blocknr * (bh->b_size >> 9); bio->bi_write_hint = write_hint;
bio_add_folio_nofail(bio, bh->b_folio, bh->b_size, bh_offset(bh));
bio->bi_end_io = end_bio; bio->bi_private = bh;
/* Take care of bh's that straddle the end of the device */ guard_bio_eod(bio);
if (wbc) { wbc_init_bio(wbc, bio); wbc_account_cgroup_owner(wbc, bh->b_folio, bh->b_size); }
blk_crypto_submit_bio(bio);}
/** * bh_submit - Start I/O against a buffer head * @bh: The buffer head to perform I/O on. * @opf: Operation and flags for bio. * @end_io: The routine to call when I/O has completed. * * If you need to do I/O on an individual bh (instead of allowing the * page cache to do I/O on the folio that it is in), call this function. */void bh_submit(struct buffer_head *bh, blk_opf_t opf, bio_end_io_t end_io){ __bh_submit(bh, opf, WRITE_LIFE_NOT_SET, NULL, end_io);}EXPORT_SYMBOL(bh_submit);
static struct buffer_head *__bread_slow(struct buffer_head *bh){ lock_buffer(bh); if (buffer_uptodate(bh)) { unlock_buffer(bh); return bh; } else { bh_submit(bh, REQ_OP_READ, bh_end_read); wait_on_buffer(bh); if (buffer_uptodate(bh)) return bh; } brelse(bh); return NULL;}
/* * Per-cpu buffer LRU implementation. To reduce the cost of __find_get_block(). * The bhs[] array is sorted - newest buffer is at bhs[0]. Buffers have their * refcount elevated by one when they're in an LRU. A buffer can only appear * once in a particular CPU's LRU. A single buffer can be present in multiple * CPU's LRUs at the same time. * * This is a transparent caching front-end to sb_bread(), sb_getblk() and * sb_find_get_block(). * * The LRUs themselves only need locking against invalidate_bh_lrus. We use * a local interrupt disable for that. */
#define BH_LRU_SIZE 16
struct bh_lru { struct buffer_head *bhs[BH_LRU_SIZE];};
static DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct bh_lru, bh_lrus) = {{ NULL }};
#ifdef CONFIG_SMP#define bh_lru_lock() local_irq_disable()#define bh_lru_unlock() local_irq_enable()#else#define bh_lru_lock() preempt_disable()#define bh_lru_unlock() preempt_enable()#endif
static inline void check_irqs_on(void){#ifdef irqs_disabled BUG_ON(irqs_disabled());#endif}
/* * Install a buffer_head into this cpu's LRU. If not already in the LRU, it is * inserted at the front, and the buffer_head at the back if any is evicted. * Or, if already in the LRU it is moved to the front. */static void bh_lru_install(struct buffer_head *bh){ struct buffer_head *evictee = bh; struct bh_lru *b; int i;
check_irqs_on(); bh_lru_lock();
/* * the refcount of buffer_head in bh_lru prevents dropping the * attached page(i.e., try_to_free_buffers) so it could cause * failing page migration. * Skip putting upcoming bh into bh_lru until migration is done. */ if (lru_cache_disabled() || cpu_is_isolated(smp_processor_id())) { bh_lru_unlock(); return; }
b = this_cpu_ptr(&bh_lrus); for (i = 0; i < BH_LRU_SIZE; i++) { swap(evictee, b->bhs[i]); if (evictee == bh) { bh_lru_unlock(); return; } }
get_bh(bh); bh_lru_unlock(); brelse(evictee);}
/* * Look up the bh in this cpu's LRU. If it's there, move it to the head. */static struct buffer_head *lookup_bh_lru(struct block_device *bdev, sector_t block, unsigned size){ struct buffer_head *ret = NULL; unsigned int i;
check_irqs_on(); bh_lru_lock(); if (cpu_is_isolated(smp_processor_id())) { bh_lru_unlock(); return NULL; } for (i = 0; i < BH_LRU_SIZE; i++) { struct buffer_head *bh = __this_cpu_read(bh_lrus.bhs[i]);
if (bh && bh->b_blocknr == block && bh->b_bdev == bdev && bh->b_size == size) { if (i) { while (i) { __this_cpu_write(bh_lrus.bhs[i], __this_cpu_read(bh_lrus.bhs[i - 1])); i--; } __this_cpu_write(bh_lrus.bhs[0], bh); } get_bh(bh); ret = bh; break; } } bh_lru_unlock(); return ret;}
/* * Perform a pagecache lookup for the matching buffer. If it's there, refresh * it in the LRU and mark it as accessed. If it is not present then return * NULL. Atomic context callers may also return NULL if the buffer is being * migrated; similarly the page is not marked accessed either. */static struct buffer_head *find_get_block_common(struct block_device *bdev, sector_t block, unsigned size, bool atomic){ struct buffer_head *bh = lookup_bh_lru(bdev, block, size);
if (bh == NULL) { /* __find_get_block_slow will mark the page accessed */ bh = __find_get_block_slow(bdev, block, atomic); if (bh) bh_lru_install(bh); } else touch_buffer(bh);
return bh;}
struct buffer_head *__find_get_block(struct block_device *bdev, sector_t block, unsigned size){ return find_get_block_common(bdev, block, size, true);}EXPORT_SYMBOL(__find_get_block);
/* same as __find_get_block() but allows sleeping contexts */struct buffer_head *__find_get_block_nonatomic(struct block_device *bdev, sector_t block, unsigned size){ return find_get_block_common(bdev, block, size, false);}EXPORT_SYMBOL(__find_get_block_nonatomic);
/** * bdev_getblk - Get a buffer_head in a block device's buffer cache. * @bdev: The block device. * @block: The block number. * @size: The size of buffer_heads for this @bdev. * @gfp: The memory allocation flags to use. * * The returned buffer head has its reference count incremented, but is * not locked. The caller should call brelse() when it has finished * with the buffer. The buffer may not be uptodate. If needed, the * caller can bring it uptodate either by reading it or overwriting it. * * Return: The buffer head, or NULL if memory could not be allocated. */struct buffer_head *bdev_getblk(struct block_device *bdev, sector_t block, unsigned size, gfp_t gfp){ struct buffer_head *bh;
if (gfpflags_allow_blocking(gfp)) bh = __find_get_block_nonatomic(bdev, block, size); else bh = __find_get_block(bdev, block, size);
might_alloc(gfp); if (bh) return bh;
return __getblk_slow(bdev, block, size, gfp);}EXPORT_SYMBOL(bdev_getblk);
/* * Do async read-ahead on a buffer.. */void __breadahead(struct block_device *bdev, sector_t block, unsigned size){ struct buffer_head *bh = bdev_getblk(bdev, block, size, GFP_NOWAIT | __GFP_MOVABLE);
if (likely(bh)) { bh_readahead(bh, REQ_RAHEAD); brelse(bh); }}EXPORT_SYMBOL(__breadahead);
/** * __bread_gfp() - Read a block. * @bdev: The block device to read from. * @block: Block number in units of block size. * @size: The block size of this device in bytes. * @gfp: Not page allocation flags; see below. * * You are not expected to call this function. You should use one of * sb_bread(), sb_bread_unmovable() or __bread(). * * Read a specified block, and return the buffer head that refers to it. * If @gfp is 0, the memory will be allocated using the block device's * default GFP flags. If @gfp is __GFP_MOVABLE, the memory may be * allocated from a movable area. Do not pass in a complete set of * GFP flags. * * The returned buffer head has its refcount increased. The caller should * call brelse() when it has finished with the buffer. * * Context: May sleep waiting for I/O. * Return: NULL if the block was unreadable. */struct buffer_head *__bread_gfp(struct block_device *bdev, sector_t block, unsigned size, gfp_t gfp){ struct buffer_head *bh;
gfp |= mapping_gfp_constraint(bdev->bd_mapping, ~__GFP_FS);
/* * Prefer looping in the allocator rather than here, at least that * code knows what it's doing. */ gfp |= __GFP_NOFAIL;
bh = bdev_getblk(bdev, block, size, gfp);
if (likely(bh) && !buffer_uptodate(bh)) bh = __bread_slow(bh); return bh;}EXPORT_SYMBOL(__bread_gfp);
static void __invalidate_bh_lrus(struct bh_lru *b){ int i;
for (i = 0; i < BH_LRU_SIZE; i++) { brelse(b->bhs[i]); b->bhs[i] = NULL; }}/* * invalidate_bh_lrus() is called rarely - but not only at unmount. * This doesn't race because it runs in each cpu either in irq * or with preempt disabled. */static void invalidate_bh_lru(void *arg){ struct bh_lru *b = &get_cpu_var(bh_lrus);
__invalidate_bh_lrus(b); put_cpu_var(bh_lrus);}
bool has_bh_in_lru(int cpu, void *dummy){ struct bh_lru *b = per_cpu_ptr(&bh_lrus, cpu); int i; for (i = 0; i < BH_LRU_SIZE; i++) { if (b->bhs[i]) return true; }
return false;}
void invalidate_bh_lrus(void){ on_each_cpu_cond(has_bh_in_lru, invalidate_bh_lru, NULL, 1);}EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(invalidate_bh_lrus);
/* * It's called from workqueue context so we need a bh_lru_lock to close * the race with preemption/irq. */void invalidate_bh_lrus_cpu(void){ struct bh_lru *b;
bh_lru_lock(); b = this_cpu_ptr(&bh_lrus); __invalidate_bh_lrus(b); bh_lru_unlock();}
void folio_set_bh(struct buffer_head *bh, struct folio *folio, unsigned long offset){ bh->b_folio = folio; BUG_ON(offset >= folio_size(folio)); if (folio_test_highmem(folio)) /* * This catches illegal uses and preserves the offset: */ bh->b_data = (char *)(0 + offset); else bh->b_data = folio_address(folio) + offset;}EXPORT_SYMBOL(folio_set_bh);
/* * Called when truncating a buffer on a page completely. */
/* Bits that are cleared during an invalidate */#define BUFFER_FLAGS_DISCARD \ (1 << BH_Mapped | 1 << BH_New | 1 << BH_Req | \ 1 << BH_Delay | 1 << BH_Unwritten)
static void discard_buffer(struct buffer_head * bh){ unsigned long b_state;
lock_buffer(bh); clear_buffer_dirty(bh); bh->b_bdev = NULL; b_state = READ_ONCE(bh->b_state); do { } while (!try_cmpxchg_relaxed(&bh->b_state, &b_state, b_state & ~BUFFER_FLAGS_DISCARD)); unlock_buffer(bh);}
/** * block_invalidate_folio - Invalidate part or all of a buffer-backed folio. * @folio: The folio which is affected. * @offset: start of the range to invalidate * @length: length of the range to invalidate * * block_invalidate_folio() is called when all or part of the folio has been * invalidated by a truncate operation. * * block_invalidate_folio() does not have to release all buffers, but it must * ensure that no dirty buffer is left outside @offset and that no I/O * is underway against any of the blocks which are outside the truncation * point. Because the caller is about to free (and possibly reuse) those * blocks on-disk. */void block_invalidate_folio(struct folio *folio, size_t offset, size_t length){ struct buffer_head *head, *bh, *next; size_t curr_off = 0; size_t stop = length + offset;
BUG_ON(!folio_test_locked(folio));
/* * Check for overflow */ BUG_ON(stop > folio_size(folio) || stop < length);
head = folio_buffers(folio); if (!head) return;
bh = head; do { size_t next_off = curr_off + bh->b_size; next = bh->b_this_page;
/* * Are we still fully in range ? */ if (next_off > stop) goto out;
/* * is this block fully invalidated? */ if (offset <= curr_off) discard_buffer(bh); curr_off = next_off; bh = next; } while (bh != head);
/* * We release buffers only if the entire folio is being invalidated. * The get_block cached value has been unconditionally invalidated, * so real IO is not possible anymore. */ if (length == folio_size(folio)) filemap_release_folio(folio, 0);out: folio_clear_mappedtodisk(folio);}EXPORT_SYMBOL(block_invalidate_folio);
/* * We attach and possibly dirty the buffers atomically wrt * block_dirty_folio() via i_private_lock. try_to_free_buffers * is already excluded via the folio lock. */struct buffer_head *create_empty_buffers(struct folio *folio, unsigned long blocksize, unsigned long b_state){ struct buffer_head *bh, *head, *tail; gfp_t gfp = GFP_NOFS | __GFP_ACCOUNT | __GFP_NOFAIL;
head = folio_alloc_buffers(folio, blocksize, gfp); bh = head; do { bh->b_state |= b_state; tail = bh; bh = bh->b_this_page; } while (bh); tail->b_this_page = head;
spin_lock(&folio->mapping->i_private_lock); if (folio_test_uptodate(folio) || folio_test_dirty(folio)) { bh = head; do { if (folio_test_dirty(folio)) set_buffer_dirty(bh); if (folio_test_uptodate(folio)) set_buffer_uptodate(bh); bh = bh->b_this_page; } while (bh != head); } folio_attach_private(folio, head); spin_unlock(&folio->mapping->i_private_lock);
return head;}EXPORT_SYMBOL(create_empty_buffers);
/** * clean_bdev_aliases: clean a range of buffers in block device * @bdev: Block device to clean buffers in * @block: Start of a range of blocks to clean * @len: Number of blocks to clean * * We are taking a range of blocks for data and we don't want writeback of any * buffer-cache aliases starting from return from this function and until the * moment when something will explicitly mark the buffer dirty (hopefully that * will not happen until we will free that block ;-) We don't even need to mark * it not-uptodate - nobody can expect anything from a newly allocated buffer * anyway. We used to use unmap_buffer() for such invalidation, but that was * wrong. We definitely don't want to mark the alias unmapped, for example - it * would confuse anyone who might pick it with bread() afterwards... * * Also.. Note that bforget() doesn't lock the buffer. So there can be * writeout I/O going on against recently-freed buffers. We don't wait on that * I/O in bforget() - it's more efficient to wait on the I/O only if we really * need to. That happens here. */void clean_bdev_aliases(struct block_device *bdev, sector_t block, sector_t len){ struct address_space *bd_mapping = bdev->bd_mapping; const int blkbits = bd_mapping->host->i_blkbits; struct folio_batch fbatch; pgoff_t index = ((loff_t)block << blkbits) / PAGE_SIZE; pgoff_t end; int i, count; struct buffer_head *bh; struct buffer_head *head;
end = ((loff_t)(block + len - 1) << blkbits) / PAGE_SIZE; folio_batch_init(&fbatch); while (filemap_get_folios(bd_mapping, &index, end, &fbatch)) { count = folio_batch_count(&fbatch); for (i = 0; i < count; i++) { struct folio *folio = fbatch.folios[i];
if (!folio_buffers(folio)) continue; /* * We use folio lock instead of bd_mapping->i_private_lock * to pin buffers here since we can afford to sleep and * it scales better than a global spinlock lock. */ folio_lock(folio); /* Recheck when the folio is locked which pins bhs */ head = folio_buffers(folio); if (!head) goto unlock_page; bh = head; do { if (!buffer_mapped(bh) || (bh->b_blocknr < block)) goto next; if (bh->b_blocknr >= block + len) break; clear_buffer_dirty(bh); wait_on_buffer(bh); clear_buffer_req(bh);next: bh = bh->b_this_page; } while (bh != head);unlock_page: folio_unlock(folio); } folio_batch_release(&fbatch); cond_resched(); /* End of range already reached? */ if (index > end || !index) break; }}EXPORT_SYMBOL(clean_bdev_aliases);
static struct buffer_head *folio_create_buffers(struct folio *folio, struct inode *inode, unsigned int b_state){ struct buffer_head *bh;
BUG_ON(!folio_test_locked(folio));
bh = folio_buffers(folio); if (!bh) bh = create_empty_buffers(folio, 1 << READ_ONCE(inode->i_blkbits), b_state); return bh;}
/* * NOTE! All mapped/uptodate combinations are valid: * * Mapped Uptodate Meaning * * No No "unknown" - must do get_block() * No Yes "hole" - zero-filled * Yes No "allocated" - allocated on disk, not read in * Yes Yes "valid" - allocated and up-to-date in memory. * * "Dirty" is valid only with the last case (mapped+uptodate). */
/* * While block_write_full_folio is writing back the dirty buffers under * the folio lock, whoever dirtied the buffers may decide to clean them * again at any time. We handle that by only looking at the buffer * state inside lock_buffer(). * * If block_write_full_folio() is called for regular writeback * (wbc->sync_mode == WB_SYNC_NONE) then it will redirty a folio which * has a locked buffer. This only can happen if someone has written * the buffer directly, with bh_submit(). At the address_space level * the folio writeback flag prevents this contention from occurring. * * If block_write_full_folio() is called with wbc->sync_mode == * WB_SYNC_ALL, the writes are posted using REQ_SYNC; this * causes the writes to be flagged as synchronous writes. */int __block_write_full_folio(struct inode *inode, struct folio *folio, get_block_t *get_block, struct writeback_control *wbc){ int err; sector_t block; sector_t last_block; struct buffer_head *bh, *head; size_t blocksize; int nr_underway = 0; blk_opf_t write_flags = wbc_to_write_flags(wbc);
head = folio_create_buffers(folio, inode, (1 << BH_Dirty) | (1 << BH_Uptodate));
/* * Be very careful. We have no exclusion from block_dirty_folio * here, and the (potentially unmapped) buffers may become dirty at * any time. If a buffer becomes dirty here after we've inspected it * then we just miss that fact, and the folio stays dirty. * * Buffers outside i_size may be dirtied by block_dirty_folio; * handle that here by just cleaning them. */
bh = head; blocksize = bh->b_size;
block = div_u64(folio_pos(folio), blocksize); last_block = div_u64(i_size_read(inode) - 1, blocksize);
/* * Get all the dirty buffers mapped to disk addresses and * handle any aliases from the underlying blockdev's mapping. */ do { if (block > last_block) { /* * mapped buffers outside i_size will occur, because * this folio can be outside i_size when there is a * truncate in progress. */ /* * The buffer was zeroed by block_write_full_folio() */ clear_buffer_dirty(bh); set_buffer_uptodate(bh); } else if ((!buffer_mapped(bh) || buffer_delay(bh)) && buffer_dirty(bh)) { WARN_ON(bh->b_size != blocksize); err = get_block(inode, block, bh, 1); if (err) goto recover; clear_buffer_delay(bh); if (buffer_new(bh)) { /* blockdev mappings never come here */ clear_buffer_new(bh); clean_bdev_bh_alias(bh); } } bh = bh->b_this_page; block++; } while (bh != head);
do { if (!buffer_mapped(bh)) continue; /* * If it's a fully non-blocking write attempt and we cannot * lock the buffer then redirty the folio. Note that this can * potentially cause a busy-wait loop from writeback threads * and kswapd activity, but those code paths have their own * higher-level throttling. */ if (wbc->sync_mode != WB_SYNC_NONE) { lock_buffer(bh); } else if (!trylock_buffer(bh)) { folio_redirty_for_writepage(wbc, folio); continue; } if (test_clear_buffer_dirty(bh)) { set_buffer_async_write(bh); } else { unlock_buffer(bh); } } while ((bh = bh->b_this_page) != head);
/* * The folio and its buffers are protected by the writeback flag, * so we can drop the bh refcounts early. */ BUG_ON(folio_test_writeback(folio)); folio_start_writeback(folio);
do { struct buffer_head *next = bh->b_this_page; if (buffer_async_write(bh)) { __bh_submit(bh, REQ_OP_WRITE | write_flags, inode->i_write_hint, wbc, bh_end_async_write); nr_underway++; } bh = next; } while (bh != head); folio_unlock(folio);
err = 0;done: if (nr_underway == 0) { /* * The folio was marked dirty, but the buffers were * clean. Someone wrote them back by hand with * write_dirty_buffer/bh_submit. A rare case. */ folio_end_writeback(folio);
/* * The folio and buffer_heads can be released at any time from * here on. */ } return err;
recover: /* * ENOSPC, or some other error. We may already have added some * blocks to the file, so we need to write these out to avoid * exposing stale data. * The folio is currently locked and not marked for writeback */ bh = head; /* Recovery: lock and submit the mapped buffers */ do { if (buffer_mapped(bh) && buffer_dirty(bh) && !buffer_delay(bh)) { lock_buffer(bh); set_buffer_async_write(bh); } else { /* * The buffer may have been set dirty during * attachment to a dirty folio. */ clear_buffer_dirty(bh); } } while ((bh = bh->b_this_page) != head); BUG_ON(folio_test_writeback(folio)); mapping_set_error(folio->mapping, err); folio_start_writeback(folio); do { struct buffer_head *next = bh->b_this_page; if (buffer_async_write(bh)) { clear_buffer_dirty(bh); __bh_submit(bh, REQ_OP_WRITE | write_flags, inode->i_write_hint, wbc, bh_end_async_write); nr_underway++; } bh = next; } while (bh != head); folio_unlock(folio); goto done;}EXPORT_SYMBOL(__block_write_full_folio);
/* * If a folio has any new buffers, zero them out here, and mark them uptodate * and dirty so they'll be written out (in order to prevent uninitialised * block data from leaking). And clear the new bit. */void folio_zero_new_buffers(struct folio *folio, size_t from, size_t to){ size_t block_start, block_end; struct buffer_head *head, *bh;
BUG_ON(!folio_test_locked(folio)); head = folio_buffers(folio); if (!head) return;
bh = head; block_start = 0; do { block_end = block_start + bh->b_size;
if (buffer_new(bh)) { if (block_end > from && block_start < to) { if (!folio_test_uptodate(folio)) { size_t start, xend;
start = max(from, block_start); xend = min(to, block_end);
folio_zero_segment(folio, start, xend); set_buffer_uptodate(bh); }
clear_buffer_new(bh); mark_buffer_dirty(bh); } }
block_start = block_end; bh = bh->b_this_page; } while (bh != head);}EXPORT_SYMBOL(folio_zero_new_buffers);
static intiomap_to_bh(struct inode *inode, sector_t block, struct buffer_head *bh, const struct iomap *iomap){ loff_t offset = (loff_t)block << inode->i_blkbits;
bh->b_bdev = iomap->bdev;
/* * Block points to offset in file we need to map, iomap contains * the offset at which the map starts. If the map ends before the * current block, then do not map the buffer and let the caller * handle it. */ if (offset >= iomap->offset + iomap->length) return -EIO;
switch (iomap->type) { case IOMAP_HOLE: /* * If the buffer is not up to date or beyond the current EOF, * we need to mark it as new to ensure sub-block zeroing is * executed if necessary. */ if (!buffer_uptodate(bh) || (offset >= i_size_read(inode))) set_buffer_new(bh); return 0; case IOMAP_DELALLOC: if (!buffer_uptodate(bh) || (offset >= i_size_read(inode))) set_buffer_new(bh); set_buffer_uptodate(bh); set_buffer_mapped(bh); set_buffer_delay(bh); return 0; case IOMAP_UNWRITTEN: /* * For unwritten regions, we always need to ensure that regions * in the block we are not writing to are zeroed. Mark the * buffer as new to ensure this. */ set_buffer_new(bh); set_buffer_unwritten(bh); fallthrough; case IOMAP_MAPPED: if ((iomap->flags & IOMAP_F_NEW) || offset >= i_size_read(inode)) { /* * This can happen if truncating the block device races * with the check in the caller as i_size updates on * block devices aren't synchronized by i_rwsem for * block devices. */ if (S_ISBLK(inode->i_mode)) return -EIO; set_buffer_new(bh); } bh->b_blocknr = (iomap->addr + offset - iomap->offset) >> inode->i_blkbits; set_buffer_mapped(bh); return 0; default: WARN_ON_ONCE(1); return -EIO; }}
int __block_write_begin_int(struct folio *folio, loff_t pos, unsigned len, get_block_t *get_block, const struct iomap *iomap){ size_t from = offset_in_folio(folio, pos); size_t to = from + len; struct inode *inode = folio->mapping->host; size_t block_start, block_end; sector_t block; int err = 0; size_t blocksize; struct buffer_head *bh, *head, *wait[2], **wait_bh=wait;
BUG_ON(!folio_test_locked(folio)); BUG_ON(to > folio_size(folio)); BUG_ON(from > to);
head = folio_create_buffers(folio, inode, 0); blocksize = head->b_size; block = div_u64(folio_pos(folio), blocksize);
for (bh = head, block_start = 0; bh != head || !block_start; block++, block_start=block_end, bh = bh->b_this_page) { block_end = block_start + blocksize; if (block_end <= from || block_start >= to) { if (folio_test_uptodate(folio)) { if (!buffer_uptodate(bh)) set_buffer_uptodate(bh); } continue; } if (buffer_new(bh)) clear_buffer_new(bh); if (!buffer_mapped(bh)) { WARN_ON(bh->b_size != blocksize); if (get_block) err = get_block(inode, block, bh, 1); else err = iomap_to_bh(inode, block, bh, iomap); if (err) break;
if (buffer_new(bh)) { clean_bdev_bh_alias(bh); if (folio_test_uptodate(folio)) { clear_buffer_new(bh); set_buffer_uptodate(bh); mark_buffer_dirty(bh); continue; } if (block_end > to || block_start < from) folio_zero_segments(folio, to, block_end, block_start, from); continue; } } if (folio_test_uptodate(folio)) { if (!buffer_uptodate(bh)) set_buffer_uptodate(bh); continue; } if (!buffer_uptodate(bh) && !buffer_delay(bh) && !buffer_unwritten(bh) && (block_start < from || block_end > to)) { bh_read_nowait(bh, 0); *wait_bh++=bh; } } /* * If we issued read requests - let them complete. */ while(wait_bh > wait) { wait_on_buffer(*--wait_bh); if (!buffer_uptodate(*wait_bh)) err = -EIO; } if (unlikely(err)) folio_zero_new_buffers(folio, from, to); return err;}
int __block_write_begin(struct folio *folio, loff_t pos, unsigned len, get_block_t *get_block){ return __block_write_begin_int(folio, pos, len, get_block, NULL);}EXPORT_SYMBOL(__block_write_begin);
void block_commit_write(struct folio *folio, size_t from, size_t to){ size_t block_start, block_end; bool partial = false; unsigned blocksize; struct buffer_head *bh, *head;
bh = head = folio_buffers(folio); if (!bh) return; blocksize = bh->b_size;
block_start = 0; do { block_end = block_start + blocksize; if (block_end <= from || block_start >= to) { if (!buffer_uptodate(bh)) partial = true; } else { set_buffer_uptodate(bh); mark_buffer_dirty(bh); } if (buffer_new(bh)) clear_buffer_new(bh);
block_start = block_end; bh = bh->b_this_page; } while (bh != head);
/* * If this is a partial write which happened to make all buffers * uptodate then we can optimize away a bogus read_folio() for * the next read(). Here we 'discover' whether the folio went * uptodate as a result of this (potentially partial) write. */ if (!partial) folio_mark_uptodate(folio);}EXPORT_SYMBOL(block_commit_write);
/* * block_write_begin takes care of the basic task of block allocation and * bringing partial write blocks uptodate first. * * The filesystem needs to handle block truncation upon failure. */int block_write_begin(struct address_space *mapping, loff_t pos, unsigned len, struct folio **foliop, get_block_t *get_block){ pgoff_t index = pos >> PAGE_SHIFT; struct folio *folio; int status;
folio = __filemap_get_folio(mapping, index, FGP_WRITEBEGIN, mapping_gfp_mask(mapping)); if (IS_ERR(folio)) return PTR_ERR(folio);
status = __block_write_begin_int(folio, pos, len, get_block, NULL); if (unlikely(status)) { folio_unlock(folio); folio_put(folio); folio = NULL; }
*foliop = folio; return status;}EXPORT_SYMBOL(block_write_begin);
int block_write_end(loff_t pos, unsigned len, unsigned copied, struct folio *folio){ size_t start = pos - folio_pos(folio);
if (unlikely(copied < len)) { /* * The buffers that were written will now be uptodate, so * we don't have to worry about a read_folio reading them * and overwriting a partial write. However if we have * encountered a short write and only partially written * into a buffer, it will not be marked uptodate, so a * read_folio might come in and destroy our partial write. * * Do the simplest thing, and just treat any short write to a * non uptodate folio as a zero-length write, and force the * caller to redo the whole thing. */ if (!folio_test_uptodate(folio)) copied = 0;
folio_zero_new_buffers(folio, start+copied, start+len); } flush_dcache_folio(folio);
/* This could be a short (even 0-length) commit */ block_commit_write(folio, start, start + copied);
return copied;}EXPORT_SYMBOL(block_write_end);
int generic_write_end(const struct kiocb *iocb, struct address_space *mapping, loff_t pos, unsigned len, unsigned copied, struct folio *folio, void *fsdata){ struct inode *inode = mapping->host; loff_t old_size = inode->i_size; bool i_size_changed = false;
copied = block_write_end(pos, len, copied, folio);
/* * No need to use i_size_read() here, the i_size cannot change under us * because we hold i_rwsem. * * But it's important to update i_size while still holding folio lock: * page writeout could otherwise come in and zero beyond i_size. */ if (pos + copied > inode->i_size) { i_size_write(inode, pos + copied); i_size_changed = true; }
folio_unlock(folio); folio_put(folio);
if (old_size < pos) pagecache_isize_extended(inode, old_size, pos); /* * Don't mark the inode dirty under page lock. First, it unnecessarily * makes the holding time of page lock longer. Second, it forces lock * ordering of page lock and transaction start for journaling * filesystems. */ if (i_size_changed) mark_inode_dirty(inode); return copied;}EXPORT_SYMBOL(generic_write_end);
/* * block_is_partially_uptodate checks whether buffers within a folio are * uptodate or not. * * Returns true if all buffers which correspond to the specified part * of the folio are uptodate. */bool block_is_partially_uptodate(struct folio *folio, size_t from, size_t count){ unsigned block_start, block_end, blocksize; unsigned to; struct buffer_head *bh, *head; bool ret = true;
head = folio_buffers(folio); if (!head) return false; blocksize = head->b_size; to = min(folio_size(folio) - from, count); to = from + to; if (from < blocksize && to > folio_size(folio) - blocksize) return false;
bh = head; block_start = 0; do { block_end = block_start + blocksize; if (block_end > from && block_start < to) { if (!buffer_uptodate(bh)) { ret = false; break; } if (block_end >= to) break; } block_start = block_end; bh = bh->b_this_page; } while (bh != head);
return ret;}EXPORT_SYMBOL(block_is_partially_uptodate);
/* * Generic "read_folio" function for block devices that have the normal * get_block functionality. This is most of the block device filesystems. * Reads the folio asynchronously --- the unlock_buffer() and * set/clear_buffer_uptodate() functions propagate buffer state into the * folio once IO has completed. */int block_read_full_folio(struct folio *folio, get_block_t *get_block){ struct inode *inode = folio->mapping->host; sector_t iblock, lblock; struct buffer_head *bh, *head, *prev = NULL; size_t blocksize; int fully_mapped = 1; bool page_error = false; loff_t limit = i_size_read(inode);
/* This is needed for ext4. */ if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_FS_VERITY) && IS_VERITY(inode)) limit = inode->i_sb->s_maxbytes;
head = folio_create_buffers(folio, inode, 0); blocksize = head->b_size;
iblock = div_u64(folio_pos(folio), blocksize); lblock = div_u64(limit + blocksize - 1, blocksize); bh = head;
do { if (buffer_uptodate(bh)) continue;
if (!buffer_mapped(bh)) { int err = 0;
fully_mapped = 0; if (iblock < lblock) { WARN_ON(bh->b_size != blocksize); err = get_block(inode, iblock, bh, 0); if (err) page_error = true; } if (!buffer_mapped(bh)) { folio_zero_range(folio, bh_offset(bh), blocksize); if (!err) set_buffer_uptodate(bh); continue; } /* * get_block() might have updated the buffer * synchronously */ if (buffer_uptodate(bh)) continue; }
lock_buffer(bh); if (buffer_uptodate(bh)) { unlock_buffer(bh); continue; }
/* * If a folio's buffers are under async readin * (end_buffer_async_read completion) then there is a * possibility that another thread of control could lock * one of the buffers after it has completed but while * some of the other buffers have not completed. This * locked buffer would confuse end_buffer_async_read() * into not unlocking the folio. So the absence of * BH_Async_Read tells end_buffer_async_read() that this * buffer is not under async I/O. * * The folio comes unlocked when it has no locked * buffer_async buffers left. * * The folio lock prevents anyone starting new async * I/O reads into any of the buffers. * * The writeback flag is used to prevent simultaneous * writeout of the same folio. * * The folio lock prevents anyone from starting writeback * of a folio which is under read I/O (the writeback * flag is only ever set on a locked folio). */ set_buffer_async_read(bh); if (prev) bh_submit(prev, REQ_OP_READ, bh_end_async_read); prev = bh; } while (iblock++, (bh = bh->b_this_page) != head);
if (fully_mapped) folio_set_mappedtodisk(folio);
/* * All buffers are uptodate or get_block() returned an error * when trying to map them - we must finish the read because * end_buffer_async_read() will never be called on any buffer * in this folio. */ if (prev) bh_submit(prev, REQ_OP_READ, bh_end_async_read); else folio_end_read(folio, !page_error);
return 0;}EXPORT_SYMBOL(block_read_full_folio);
/* utility function for filesystems that need to do work on expanding * truncates. Uses filesystem pagecache writes to allow the filesystem to * deal with the hole. */int generic_cont_expand_simple(struct inode *inode, loff_t size){ struct address_space *mapping = inode->i_mapping; const struct address_space_operations *aops = mapping->a_ops; struct folio *folio; void *fsdata = NULL; int err;
err = inode_newsize_ok(inode, size); if (err) goto out;
err = aops->write_begin(NULL, mapping, size, 0, &folio, &fsdata); if (err) goto out;
err = aops->write_end(NULL, mapping, size, 0, 0, folio, fsdata); BUG_ON(err > 0);
out: return err;}EXPORT_SYMBOL(generic_cont_expand_simple);
static int cont_expand_zero(const struct kiocb *iocb, struct address_space *mapping, loff_t pos, loff_t *bytes){ struct inode *inode = mapping->host; const struct address_space_operations *aops = mapping->a_ops; unsigned int blocksize = i_blocksize(inode); struct folio *folio; void *fsdata = NULL; pgoff_t index, curidx; loff_t curpos; unsigned zerofrom, offset, len; int err = 0;
index = pos >> PAGE_SHIFT; offset = pos & ~PAGE_MASK;
while (index > (curidx = (curpos = *bytes)>>PAGE_SHIFT)) { zerofrom = curpos & ~PAGE_MASK; if (zerofrom & (blocksize-1)) { *bytes |= (blocksize-1); (*bytes)++; } len = PAGE_SIZE - zerofrom;
err = aops->write_begin(iocb, mapping, curpos, len, &folio, &fsdata); if (err) goto out; folio_zero_range(folio, offset_in_folio(folio, curpos), len); err = aops->write_end(iocb, mapping, curpos, len, len, folio, fsdata); if (err < 0) goto out; BUG_ON(err != len); err = 0;
balance_dirty_pages_ratelimited(mapping);
if (fatal_signal_pending(current)) { err = -EINTR; goto out; } }
/* page covers the boundary, find the boundary offset */ if (index == curidx) { zerofrom = curpos & ~PAGE_MASK; /* if we will expand the thing last block will be filled */ if (offset <= zerofrom) { goto out; } if (zerofrom & (blocksize-1)) { *bytes |= (blocksize-1); (*bytes)++; } len = offset - zerofrom;
err = aops->write_begin(iocb, mapping, curpos, len, &folio, &fsdata); if (err) goto out; folio_zero_range(folio, offset_in_folio(folio, curpos), len); err = aops->write_end(iocb, mapping, curpos, len, len, folio, fsdata); if (err < 0) goto out; BUG_ON(err != len); err = 0; }out: return err;}
/* * For moronic filesystems that do not allow holes in file. * We may have to extend the file. */int cont_write_begin(const struct kiocb *iocb, struct address_space *mapping, loff_t pos, unsigned len, struct folio **foliop, void **fsdata, get_block_t *get_block, loff_t *bytes){ struct inode *inode = mapping->host; unsigned int blocksize = i_blocksize(inode); unsigned int zerofrom; int err;
err = cont_expand_zero(iocb, mapping, pos, bytes); if (err) return err;
zerofrom = *bytes & ~PAGE_MASK; if (pos+len > *bytes && zerofrom & (blocksize-1)) { *bytes |= (blocksize-1); (*bytes)++; }
return block_write_begin(mapping, pos, len, foliop, get_block);}EXPORT_SYMBOL(cont_write_begin);
/* * block_page_mkwrite() is not allowed to change the file size as it gets * called from a page fault handler when a page is first dirtied. Hence we must * be careful to check for EOF conditions here. We set the page up correctly * for a written page which means we get ENOSPC checking when writing into * holes and correct delalloc and unwritten extent mapping on filesystems that * support these features. * * We are not allowed to take the i_rwsem here so we have to play games to * protect against truncate races as the page could now be beyond EOF. Because * truncate writes the inode size before removing pages, once we have the * page lock we can determine safely if the page is beyond EOF. If it is not * beyond EOF, then the page is guaranteed safe against truncation until we * unlock the page. * * Direct callers of this function should protect against filesystem freezing * using sb_start_pagefault() - sb_end_pagefault() functions. */int block_page_mkwrite(struct vm_area_struct *vma, struct vm_fault *vmf, get_block_t get_block){ struct folio *folio = page_folio(vmf->page); struct inode *inode = file_inode(vma->vm_file); unsigned long end; loff_t size; int ret;
folio_lock(folio); size = i_size_read(inode); if ((folio->mapping != inode->i_mapping) || (folio_pos(folio) >= size)) { /* We overload EFAULT to mean page got truncated */ ret = -EFAULT; goto out_unlock; }
end = folio_size(folio); /* folio is wholly or partially inside EOF */ if (folio_pos(folio) + end > size) end = size - folio_pos(folio);
ret = __block_write_begin_int(folio, 0, end, get_block, NULL); if (unlikely(ret)) goto out_unlock;
block_commit_write(folio, 0, end);
folio_mark_dirty(folio); folio_wait_stable(folio); return 0;out_unlock: folio_unlock(folio); return ret;}EXPORT_SYMBOL(block_page_mkwrite);
int block_truncate_page(struct address_space *mapping, loff_t from, get_block_t *get_block){ pgoff_t index = from >> PAGE_SHIFT; unsigned blocksize; sector_t iblock; size_t offset, length, pos; struct inode *inode = mapping->host; struct folio *folio; struct buffer_head *bh; int err = 0;
blocksize = i_blocksize(inode); length = from & (blocksize - 1);
/* Block boundary? Nothing to do */ if (!length) return 0;
length = blocksize - length; iblock = ((loff_t)index * PAGE_SIZE) >> inode->i_blkbits;
folio = filemap_grab_folio(mapping, index); if (IS_ERR(folio)) return PTR_ERR(folio);
bh = folio_buffers(folio); if (!bh) bh = create_empty_buffers(folio, blocksize, 0);
/* Find the buffer that contains "offset" */ offset = offset_in_folio(folio, from); pos = blocksize; while (offset >= pos) { bh = bh->b_this_page; iblock++; pos += blocksize; }
if (!buffer_mapped(bh)) { WARN_ON(bh->b_size != blocksize); err = get_block(inode, iblock, bh, 0); if (err) goto unlock; /* unmapped? It's a hole - nothing to do */ if (!buffer_mapped(bh)) goto unlock; }
/* Ok, it's mapped. Make sure it's up-to-date */ if (folio_test_uptodate(folio)) set_buffer_uptodate(bh);
if (!buffer_uptodate(bh) && !buffer_delay(bh) && !buffer_unwritten(bh)) { err = bh_read(bh, 0); /* Uhhuh. Read error. Complain and punt. */ if (err < 0) goto unlock; }
folio_zero_range(folio, offset, length); mark_buffer_dirty(bh);
unlock: folio_unlock(folio); folio_put(folio);
return err;}EXPORT_SYMBOL(block_truncate_page);
/* * The generic write folio function for buffer-backed address_spaces */int block_write_full_folio(struct folio *folio, struct writeback_control *wbc, void *get_block){ struct inode * const inode = folio->mapping->host; loff_t i_size = i_size_read(inode);
/* Is the folio fully inside i_size? */ if (folio_next_pos(folio) <= i_size) return __block_write_full_folio(inode, folio, get_block, wbc);
/* Is the folio fully outside i_size? (truncate in progress) */ if (folio_pos(folio) >= i_size) { folio_unlock(folio); return 0; /* don't care */ }
/* * The folio straddles i_size. It must be zeroed out on each and every * writeback invocation because it may be mmapped. "A file is mapped * in multiples of the page size. For a file that is not a multiple of * the page size, the remaining memory is zeroed when mapped, and * writes to that region are not written out to the file." */ folio_zero_segment(folio, offset_in_folio(folio, i_size), folio_size(folio)); return __block_write_full_folio(inode, folio, get_block, wbc);}
sector_t generic_block_bmap(struct address_space *mapping, sector_t block, get_block_t *get_block){ struct inode *inode = mapping->host; struct buffer_head tmp = { .b_size = i_blocksize(inode), };
get_block(inode, block, &tmp, 0); return tmp.b_blocknr;}EXPORT_SYMBOL(generic_block_bmap);
void write_dirty_buffer(struct buffer_head *bh, blk_opf_t op_flags){ lock_buffer(bh); if (!test_clear_buffer_dirty(bh)) { unlock_buffer(bh); return; } bh_submit(bh, REQ_OP_WRITE | op_flags, bh_end_write);}EXPORT_SYMBOL(write_dirty_buffer);
/* * For a data-integrity writeout, we need to wait upon any in-progress I/O * and then start new I/O and then wait upon it. The caller must have a ref on * the buffer_head. */int __sync_dirty_buffer(struct buffer_head *bh, blk_opf_t op_flags){ WARN_ON(atomic_read(&bh->b_count) < 1); lock_buffer(bh); if (test_clear_buffer_dirty(bh)) { /* * The bh should be mapped, but it might not be if the * device was hot-removed. Not much we can do but fail the I/O. */ if (!buffer_mapped(bh)) { unlock_buffer(bh); return -EIO; }
bh_submit(bh, REQ_OP_WRITE | op_flags, bh_end_write); wait_on_buffer(bh); if (!buffer_uptodate(bh)) return -EIO; } else { unlock_buffer(bh); } return 0;}EXPORT_SYMBOL(__sync_dirty_buffer);
int sync_dirty_buffer(struct buffer_head *bh){ return __sync_dirty_buffer(bh, REQ_SYNC);}EXPORT_SYMBOL(sync_dirty_buffer);
static inline int buffer_busy(struct buffer_head *bh){ return atomic_read(&bh->b_count) | (bh->b_state & ((1 << BH_Dirty) | (1 << BH_Lock)));}
static booldrop_buffers(struct folio *folio, struct buffer_head **buffers_to_free){ struct buffer_head *head = folio_buffers(folio); struct buffer_head *bh;
bh = head; do { if (buffer_busy(bh)) goto failed; bh = bh->b_this_page; } while (bh != head);
do { struct buffer_head *next = bh->b_this_page;
remove_assoc_queue(bh); bh = next; } while (bh != head); *buffers_to_free = head; folio_detach_private(folio); return true;failed: return false;}
/** * try_to_free_buffers - Release buffers attached to this folio. * @folio: The folio. * * If any buffers are in use (dirty, under writeback, elevated refcount), * no buffers will be freed. * * If the folio is dirty but all the buffers are clean then we need to * be sure to mark the folio clean as well. This is because the folio * may be against a block device, and a later reattachment of buffers * to a dirty folio will set *all* buffers dirty. Which would corrupt * filesystem data on the same device. * * The same applies to regular filesystem folios: if all the buffers are * clean then we set the folio clean and proceed. To do that, we require * total exclusion from block_dirty_folio(). That is obtained with * i_private_lock. * * Exclusion against try_to_free_buffers may be obtained by either * locking the folio or by holding its mapping's i_private_lock. * * Context: Process context. @folio must be locked. Will not sleep. * Return: true if all buffers attached to this folio were freed. */bool try_to_free_buffers(struct folio *folio){ struct address_space * const mapping = folio->mapping; struct buffer_head *buffers_to_free = NULL; bool ret = 0;
BUG_ON(!folio_test_locked(folio)); if (folio_test_writeback(folio)) return false;
/* Misconfigured folio check */ if (WARN_ON_ONCE(!folio_buffers(folio))) return true;
if (mapping == NULL) { /* can this still happen? */ ret = drop_buffers(folio, &buffers_to_free); goto out; }
spin_lock(&mapping->i_private_lock); ret = drop_buffers(folio, &buffers_to_free);
/* * If the filesystem writes its buffers by hand (eg ext3) * then we can have clean buffers against a dirty folio. We * clean the folio here; otherwise the VM will never notice * that the filesystem did any IO at all. * * Also, during truncate, discard_buffer will have marked all * the folio's buffers clean. We discover that here and clean * the folio also. * * i_private_lock must be held over this entire operation in order * to synchronise against block_dirty_folio and prevent the * dirty bit from being lost. */ if (ret) folio_cancel_dirty(folio); spin_unlock(&mapping->i_private_lock);out: if (buffers_to_free) { struct buffer_head *bh = buffers_to_free;
do { struct buffer_head *next = bh->b_this_page; free_buffer_head(bh); bh = next; } while (bh != buffers_to_free); } return ret;}EXPORT_SYMBOL(try_to_free_buffers);
/* * Buffer-head allocation */static struct kmem_cache *bh_cachep __ro_after_init;
/* * Once the number of bh's in the machine exceeds this level, we start * stripping them in writeback. */static unsigned long max_buffer_heads __ro_after_init;
int buffer_heads_over_limit;
struct bh_accounting { int nr; /* Number of live bh's */ int ratelimit; /* Limit cacheline bouncing */};
static DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct bh_accounting, bh_accounting) = {0, 0};
static void recalc_bh_state(void){ int i; int tot = 0;
if (__this_cpu_inc_return(bh_accounting.ratelimit) - 1 < 4096) return; __this_cpu_write(bh_accounting.ratelimit, 0); for_each_online_cpu(i) tot += per_cpu(bh_accounting, i).nr; buffer_heads_over_limit = (tot > max_buffer_heads);}
struct buffer_head *alloc_buffer_head(gfp_t gfp_flags){ struct buffer_head *ret = kmem_cache_zalloc(bh_cachep, gfp_flags); if (ret) { INIT_LIST_HEAD(&ret->b_assoc_buffers); spin_lock_init(&ret->b_uptodate_lock); preempt_disable(); __this_cpu_inc(bh_accounting.nr); recalc_bh_state(); preempt_enable(); } return ret;}EXPORT_SYMBOL(alloc_buffer_head);
void free_buffer_head(struct buffer_head *bh){ BUG_ON(!list_empty(&bh->b_assoc_buffers)); kmem_cache_free(bh_cachep, bh); preempt_disable(); __this_cpu_dec(bh_accounting.nr); recalc_bh_state(); preempt_enable();}EXPORT_SYMBOL(free_buffer_head);
static int buffer_exit_cpu_dead(unsigned int cpu){ int i; struct bh_lru *b = &per_cpu(bh_lrus, cpu);
for (i = 0; i < BH_LRU_SIZE; i++) { brelse(b->bhs[i]); b->bhs[i] = NULL; } this_cpu_add(bh_accounting.nr, per_cpu(bh_accounting, cpu).nr); per_cpu(bh_accounting, cpu).nr = 0; return 0;}
/** * bh_uptodate_or_lock - Test whether the buffer is uptodate * @bh: struct buffer_head * * Return true if the buffer is up-to-date and false, * with the buffer locked, if not. */int bh_uptodate_or_lock(struct buffer_head *bh){ if (!buffer_uptodate(bh)) { lock_buffer(bh); if (!buffer_uptodate(bh)) return 0; unlock_buffer(bh); } return 1;}EXPORT_SYMBOL(bh_uptodate_or_lock);
/** * __bh_read - Submit read for a locked buffer * @bh: struct buffer_head * @op_flags: appending REQ_OP_* flags besides REQ_OP_READ * @wait: wait until reading finish * * Returns zero on success or don't wait, and -EIO on error. */int __bh_read(struct buffer_head *bh, blk_opf_t op_flags, bool wait){ int ret = 0;
BUG_ON(!buffer_locked(bh));
bh_submit(bh, REQ_OP_READ | op_flags, bh_end_read); if (wait) { wait_on_buffer(bh); if (!buffer_uptodate(bh)) ret = -EIO; } return ret;}EXPORT_SYMBOL(__bh_read);
/** * __bh_read_batch - Submit read for a batch of unlocked buffers * @nr: entry number of the buffer batch * @bhs: a batch of struct buffer_head * @op_flags: appending REQ_OP_* flags besides REQ_OP_READ * @force_lock: force to get a lock on the buffer if set, otherwise drops any * buffer that cannot lock. * * Returns zero on success or don't wait, and -EIO on error. */void __bh_read_batch(int nr, struct buffer_head *bhs[], blk_opf_t op_flags, bool force_lock){ int i;
for (i = 0; i < nr; i++) { struct buffer_head *bh = bhs[i];
if (buffer_uptodate(bh)) continue;
if (force_lock) lock_buffer(bh); else if (!trylock_buffer(bh)) continue;
if (buffer_uptodate(bh)) { unlock_buffer(bh); continue; }
bh_submit(bh, REQ_OP_READ | op_flags, bh_end_read); }}EXPORT_SYMBOL(__bh_read_batch);
void __init buffer_init(void){ unsigned long nrpages; int ret;
bh_cachep = KMEM_CACHE(buffer_head, SLAB_RECLAIM_ACCOUNT|SLAB_PANIC); /* * Limit the bh occupancy to 10% of ZONE_NORMAL */ nrpages = (nr_free_buffer_pages() * 10) / 100; max_buffer_heads = nrpages * (PAGE_SIZE / sizeof(struct buffer_head)); ret = cpuhp_setup_state_nocalls(CPUHP_FS_BUFF_DEAD, "fs/buffer:dead", NULL, buffer_exit_cpu_dead); WARN_ON(ret < 0);}