Linux kernel mirror (for testing)
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linux
1.. _kernel_docs:
2
3Index of Further Kernel Documentation
4=====================================
5
6Initial Author: Juan-Mariano de Goyeneche (<jmseyas@dit.upm.es>;
7email address is defunct now.)
8
9The need for a document like this one became apparent in the
10linux-kernel mailing list as the same questions, asking for pointers
11to information, appeared again and again.
12
13Fortunately, as more and more people get to GNU/Linux, more and more
14get interested in the Kernel. But reading the sources is not always
15enough. It is easy to understand the code, but miss the concepts, the
16philosophy and design decisions behind this code.
17
18Unfortunately, not many documents are available for beginners to
19start. And, even if they exist, there was no "well-known" place which
20kept track of them. These lines try to cover this lack.
21
22PLEASE, if you know any paper not listed here or write a new document,
23include a reference to it here, following the kernel's patch submission
24process. Any corrections, ideas or comments are also welcome.
25
26All documents are cataloged with the following fields: the document's
27"Title", the "Author"/s, the "URL" where they can be found, some
28"Keywords" helpful when searching for specific topics, and a brief
29"Description" of the Document.
30
31.. note::
32
33 The documents on each section of this document are ordered by its
34 published date, from the newest to the oldest.
35
36Docs at the Linux Kernel tree
37-----------------------------
38
39The Sphinx books should be built with ``make {htmldocs | pdfdocs | epubdocs}``.
40
41 * Name: **linux/Documentation**
42
43 :Author: Many.
44 :Location: Documentation/
45 :Keywords: text files, Sphinx.
46 :Description: Documentation that comes with the kernel sources,
47 inside the Documentation directory. Some pages from this document
48 (including this document itself) have been moved there, and might
49 be more up to date than the web version.
50
51On-line docs
52------------
53
54 * Title: **Linux Kernel Mailing List Glossary**
55
56 :Author: various
57 :URL: https://kernelnewbies.org/KernelGlossary
58 :Date: rolling version
59 :Keywords: glossary, terms, linux-kernel.
60 :Description: From the introduction: "This glossary is intended as
61 a brief description of some of the acronyms and terms you may hear
62 during discussion of the Linux kernel".
63
64 * Title: **Tracing the Way of Data in a TCP Connection through the Linux Kernel**
65
66 :Author: Richard Sailer
67 :URL: https://archive.org/details/linux_kernel_data_flow_short_paper
68 :Date: 2016
69 :Keywords: Linux Kernel Networking, TCP, tracing, ftrace
70 :Description: A seminar paper explaining ftrace and how to use it for
71 understanding linux kernel internals,
72 illustrated at tracing the way of a TCP packet through the kernel.
73 :Abstract: *This short paper outlines the usage of ftrace a tracing framework
74 as a tool to understand a running Linux system.
75 Having obtained a trace-log a kernel hacker can read and understand
76 source code more determined and with context.
77 In a detailed example this approach is demonstrated in tracing
78 and the way of data in a TCP Connection through the kernel.
79 Finally this trace-log is used as base for more a exact conceptual
80 exploration and description of the Linux TCP/IP implementation.*
81
82 * Title: **The Linux Kernel Module Programming Guide**
83
84 :Author: Peter Jay Salzman, Michael Burian, Ori Pomerantz, Bob Mottram,
85 Jim Huang.
86 :URL: https://sysprog21.github.io/lkmpg/
87 :Date: 2021
88 :Keywords: modules, GPL book, /proc, ioctls, system calls,
89 interrupt handlers .
90 :Description: A very nice GPL book on the topic of modules
91 programming. Lots of examples. Currently the new version is being
92 actively maintained at https://github.com/sysprog21/lkmpg.
93
94 * Title: **On submitting kernel Patches**
95
96 :Author: Andi Kleen
97 :URL: http://halobates.de/on-submitting-kernel-patches.pdf
98 :Date: 2008
99 :Keywords: patches, review process, types of submissions, basic rules, case studies
100 :Description: This paper gives several experience values on what types of patches
101 there are and how likely they get merged.
102 :Abstract:
103 [...]. This paper examines some common problems for
104 submitting larger changes and some strategies to avoid problems.
105
106 * Title: **Linux Device Drivers, Third Edition**
107
108 :Author: Jonathan Corbet, Alessandro Rubini, Greg Kroah-Hartman
109 :URL: https://lwn.net/Kernel/LDD3/
110 :Date: 2005
111 :Description: A 600-page book covering the (2.6.10) driver
112 programming API and kernel hacking in general. Available under the
113 Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 2.0 license.
114 :note: You can also :ref:`purchase a copy from O'Reilly or elsewhere <ldd3_published>`.
115
116 * Title: **Writing an ALSA Driver**
117
118 :Author: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
119 :URL: https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/latest/sound/kernel-api/writing-an-alsa-driver.html
120 :Date: 2005
121 :Keywords: ALSA, sound, soundcard, driver, lowlevel, hardware.
122 :Description: Advanced Linux Sound Architecture for developers,
123 both at kernel and user-level sides. ALSA is the Linux kernel
124 sound architecture in the 2.6 kernel version.
125
126 * Title: **Linux PCMCIA Programmer's Guide**
127
128 :Author: David Hinds.
129 :URL: http://pcmcia-cs.sourceforge.net/ftp/doc/PCMCIA-PROG.html
130 :Date: 2003
131 :Keywords: PCMCIA.
132 :Description: "This document describes how to write kernel device
133 drivers for the Linux PCMCIA Card Services interface. It also
134 describes how to write user-mode utilities for communicating with
135 Card Services.
136
137 * Title: **How NOT to write kernel drivers**
138
139 :Author: Arjan van de Ven.
140 :URL: https://landley.net/kdocs/ols/2002/ols2002-pages-545-555.pdf
141 :Date: 2002
142 :Keywords: driver.
143 :Description: Programming bugs and Do-nots in kernel driver development
144 :Abstract: *Quit a few tutorials, articles and books give an introduction
145 on how to write Linux kernel drivers. Unfortunately the things one
146 should NOT do in Linux kernel code is either only a minor appendix
147 or, more commonly, completely absent. This paper tries to briefly touch
148 the areas in which the most common and serious bugs and do-nots are
149 encountered.*
150
151 * Title: **Global spinlock list and usage**
152
153 :Author: Rick Lindsley.
154 :URL: http://lse.sourceforge.net/lockhier/global-spin-lock
155 :Date: 2001
156 :Keywords: spinlock.
157 :Description: This is an attempt to document both the existence and
158 usage of the spinlocks in the Linux 2.4.5 kernel. Comprehensive
159 list of spinlocks showing when they are used, which functions
160 access them, how each lock is acquired, under what conditions it
161 is held, whether interrupts can occur or not while it is held...
162
163 * Title: **A Linux vm README**
164
165 :Author: Kanoj Sarcar.
166 :URL: http://kos.enix.org/pub/linux-vmm.html
167 :Date: 2001
168 :Keywords: virtual memory, mm, pgd, vma, page, page flags, page
169 cache, swap cache, kswapd.
170 :Description: Telegraphic, short descriptions and definitions
171 relating the Linux virtual memory implementation.
172
173 * Title: **Video4linux Drivers, Part 1: Video-Capture Device**
174
175 :Author: Alan Cox.
176 :URL: http://www.linux-mag.com/id/406
177 :Date: 2000
178 :Keywords: video4linux, driver, video capture, capture devices,
179 camera driver.
180 :Description: The title says it all.
181
182 * Title: **Video4linux Drivers, Part 2: Video-capture Devices**
183
184 :Author: Alan Cox.
185 :URL: http://www.linux-mag.com/id/429
186 :Date: 2000
187 :Keywords: video4linux, driver, video capture, capture devices,
188 camera driver, control, query capabilities, capability, facility.
189 :Description: The title says it all.
190
191 * Title: **Linux IP Networking. A Guide to the Implementation and Modification of the Linux Protocol Stack.**
192
193 :Author: Glenn Herrin.
194 :URL: http://www.cs.unh.edu/cnrg/gherrin
195 :Date: 2000
196 :Keywords: network, networking, protocol, IP, UDP, TCP, connection,
197 socket, receiving, transmitting, forwarding, routing, packets,
198 modules, /proc, sk_buff, FIB, tags.
199 :Description: Excellent paper devoted to the Linux IP Networking,
200 explaining anything from the kernel's to the user space
201 configuration tools' code. Very good to get a general overview of
202 the kernel networking implementation and understand all steps
203 packets follow from the time they are received at the network
204 device till they are delivered to applications. The studied kernel
205 code is from 2.2.14 version. Provides code for a working packet
206 dropper example.
207
208 * Title: **How To Make Sure Your Driver Will Work On The Power Macintosh**
209
210 :Author: Paul Mackerras.
211 :URL: http://www.linux-mag.com/id/261
212 :Date: 1999
213 :Keywords: Mac, Power Macintosh, porting, drivers, compatibility.
214 :Description: The title says it all.
215
216 * Title: **An Introduction to SCSI Drivers**
217
218 :Author: Alan Cox.
219 :URL: http://www.linux-mag.com/id/284
220 :Date: 1999
221 :Keywords: SCSI, device, driver.
222 :Description: The title says it all.
223
224 * Title: **Advanced SCSI Drivers And Other Tales**
225
226 :Author: Alan Cox.
227 :URL: http://www.linux-mag.com/id/307
228 :Date: 1999
229 :Keywords: SCSI, device, driver, advanced.
230 :Description: The title says it all.
231
232 * Title: **Writing Linux Mouse Drivers**
233
234 :Author: Alan Cox.
235 :URL: http://www.linux-mag.com/id/330
236 :Date: 1999
237 :Keywords: mouse, driver, gpm.
238 :Description: The title says it all.
239
240 * Title: **More on Mouse Drivers**
241
242 :Author: Alan Cox.
243 :URL: http://www.linux-mag.com/id/356
244 :Date: 1999
245 :Keywords: mouse, driver, gpm, races, asynchronous I/O.
246 :Description: The title still says it all.
247
248 * Title: **Writing Video4linux Radio Driver**
249
250 :Author: Alan Cox.
251 :URL: http://www.linux-mag.com/id/381
252 :Date: 1999
253 :Keywords: video4linux, driver, radio, radio devices.
254 :Description: The title says it all.
255
256 * Title: **I/O Event Handling Under Linux**
257
258 :Author: Richard Gooch.
259 :URL: https://web.mit.edu/~yandros/doc/io-events.html
260 :Date: 1999
261 :Keywords: IO, I/O, select(2), poll(2), FDs, aio_read(2), readiness
262 event queues.
263 :Description: From the Introduction: "I/O Event handling is about
264 how your Operating System allows you to manage a large number of
265 open files (file descriptors in UNIX/POSIX, or FDs) in your
266 application. You want the OS to notify you when FDs become active
267 (have data ready to be read or are ready for writing). Ideally you
268 want a mechanism that is scalable. This means a large number of
269 inactive FDs cost very little in memory and CPU time to manage".
270
271 * Title: **(nearly) Complete Linux Loadable Kernel Modules. The definitive guide for hackers, virus coders and system administrators.**
272
273 :Author: pragmatic/THC.
274 :URL: http://packetstormsecurity.org/docs/hack/LKM_HACKING.html
275 :Date: 1999
276 :Keywords: syscalls, intercept, hide, abuse, symbol table.
277 :Description: Interesting paper on how to abuse the Linux kernel in
278 order to intercept and modify syscalls, make
279 files/directories/processes invisible, become root, hijack ttys,
280 write kernel modules based virus... and solutions for admins to
281 avoid all those abuses.
282 :Notes: For 2.0.x kernels. Gives guidances to port it to 2.2.x
283 kernels.
284
285 * Name: **Linux Virtual File System**
286
287 :Author: Peter J. Braam.
288 :URL: http://www.coda.cs.cmu.edu/doc/talks/linuxvfs/
289 :Date: 1998
290 :Keywords: slides, VFS, inode, superblock, dentry, dcache.
291 :Description: Set of slides, presumably from a presentation on the
292 Linux VFS layer. Covers version 2.1.x, with dentries and the
293 dcache.
294
295 * Title: **The Venus kernel interface**
296
297 :Author: Peter J. Braam.
298 :URL: http://www.coda.cs.cmu.edu/doc/html/kernel-venus-protocol.html
299 :Date: 1998
300 :Keywords: coda, filesystem, venus, cache manager.
301 :Description: "This document describes the communication between
302 Venus and kernel level file system code needed for the operation
303 of the Coda filesystem. This version document is meant to describe
304 the current interface (version 1.0) as well as improvements we
305 envisage".
306
307 * Title: **Design and Implementation of the Second Extended Filesystem**
308
309 :Author: Rémy Card, Theodore Ts'o, Stephen Tweedie.
310 :URL: https://web.mit.edu/tytso/www/linux/ext2intro.html
311 :Date: 1998
312 :Keywords: ext2, linux fs history, inode, directory, link, devices,
313 VFS, physical structure, performance, benchmarks, ext2fs library,
314 ext2fs tools, e2fsck.
315 :Description: Paper written by three of the top ext2 hackers.
316 Covers Linux filesystems history, ext2 motivation, ext2 features,
317 design, physical structure on disk, performance, benchmarks,
318 e2fsck's passes description... A must read!
319 :Notes: This paper was first published in the Proceedings of the
320 First Dutch International Symposium on Linux, ISBN 90-367-0385-9.
321
322 * Title: **The Linux RAID-1, 4, 5 Code**
323
324 :Author: Ingo Molnar, Gadi Oxman and Miguel de Icaza.
325 :URL: http://www.linuxjournal.com/article.php?sid=2391
326 :Date: 1997
327 :Keywords: RAID, MD driver.
328 :Description: Linux Journal Kernel Korner article.
329 :Abstract: *A description of the implementation of the RAID-1,
330 RAID-4 and RAID-5 personalities of the MD device driver in the
331 Linux kernel, providing users with high performance and reliable,
332 secondary-storage capability using software*.
333
334 * Title: **Linux Kernel Hackers' Guide**
335
336 :Author: Michael K. Johnson.
337 :URL: https://www.tldp.org/LDP/khg/HyperNews/get/khg.html
338 :Date: 1997
339 :Keywords: device drivers, files, VFS, kernel interface, character vs
340 block devices, hardware interrupts, scsi, DMA, access to user memory,
341 memory allocation, timers.
342 :Description: A guide designed to help you get up to speed on the
343 concepts that are not intuitively obvious, and to document the internal
344 structures of Linux.
345
346 * Title: **Dynamic Kernels: Modularized Device Drivers**
347
348 :Author: Alessandro Rubini.
349 :URL: http://www.linuxjournal.com/article.php?sid=1219
350 :Date: 1996
351 :Keywords: device driver, module, loading/unloading modules,
352 allocating resources.
353 :Description: Linux Journal Kernel Korner article.
354 :Abstract: *This is the first of a series of four articles
355 co-authored by Alessandro Rubini and Georg Zezchwitz which present
356 a practical approach to writing Linux device drivers as kernel
357 loadable modules. This installment presents an introduction to the
358 topic, preparing the reader to understand next month's
359 installment*.
360
361 * Title: **Dynamic Kernels: Discovery**
362
363 :Author: Alessandro Rubini.
364 :URL: http://www.linuxjournal.com/article.php?sid=1220
365 :Date: 1996
366 :Keywords: character driver, init_module, clean_up module,
367 autodetection, mayor number, minor number, file operations,
368 open(), close().
369 :Description: Linux Journal Kernel Korner article.
370 :Abstract: *This article, the second of four, introduces part of
371 the actual code to create custom module implementing a character
372 device driver. It describes the code for module initialization and
373 cleanup, as well as the open() and close() system calls*.
374
375 * Title: **The Devil's in the Details**
376
377 :Author: Georg v. Zezschwitz and Alessandro Rubini.
378 :URL: http://www.linuxjournal.com/article.php?sid=1221
379 :Date: 1996
380 :Keywords: read(), write(), select(), ioctl(), blocking/non
381 blocking mode, interrupt handler.
382 :Description: Linux Journal Kernel Korner article.
383 :Abstract: *This article, the third of four on writing character
384 device drivers, introduces concepts of reading, writing, and using
385 ioctl-calls*.
386
387 * Title: **Dissecting Interrupts and Browsing DMA**
388
389 :Author: Alessandro Rubini and Georg v. Zezschwitz.
390 :URL: https://www.linuxjournal.com/article.php?sid=1222
391 :Date: 1996
392 :Keywords: interrupts, irqs, DMA, bottom halves, task queues.
393 :Description: Linux Journal Kernel Korner article.
394 :Abstract: *This is the fourth in a series of articles about
395 writing character device drivers as loadable kernel modules. This
396 month, we further investigate the field of interrupt handling.
397 Though it is conceptually simple, practical limitations and
398 constraints make this an ''interesting'' part of device driver
399 writing, and several different facilities have been provided for
400 different situations. We also investigate the complex topic of
401 DMA*.
402
403 * Title: **Device Drivers Concluded**
404
405 :Author: Georg v. Zezschwitz.
406 :URL: https://www.linuxjournal.com/article.php?sid=1287
407 :Date: 1996
408 :Keywords: address spaces, pages, pagination, page management,
409 demand loading, swapping, memory protection, memory mapping, mmap,
410 virtual memory areas (VMAs), vremap, PCI.
411 :Description: Finally, the above turned out into a five articles
412 series. This latest one's introduction reads: "This is the last of
413 five articles about character device drivers. In this final
414 section, Georg deals with memory mapping devices, beginning with
415 an overall description of the Linux memory management concepts".
416
417 * Title: **Network Buffers And Memory Management**
418
419 :Author: Alan Cox.
420 :URL: https://www.linuxjournal.com/article.php?sid=1312
421 :Date: 1996
422 :Keywords: sk_buffs, network devices, protocol/link layer
423 variables, network devices flags, transmit, receive,
424 configuration, multicast.
425 :Description: Linux Journal Kernel Korner.
426 :Abstract: *Writing a network device driver for Linux is fundamentally
427 simple---most of the complexity (other than talking to the
428 hardware) involves managing network packets in memory*.
429
430 * Title: **Analysis of the Ext2fs structure**
431
432 :Author: Louis-Dominique Dubeau.
433 :URL: https://teaching.csse.uwa.edu.au/units/CITS2002/fs-ext2/
434 :Date: 1994
435 :Keywords: ext2, filesystem, ext2fs.
436 :Description: Description of ext2's blocks, directories, inodes,
437 bitmaps, invariants...
438
439Published books
440---------------
441
442 * Title: **Linux Treiber entwickeln**
443
444 :Author: Jürgen Quade, Eva-Katharina Kunst
445 :Publisher: dpunkt.verlag
446 :Date: Oct 2015 (4th edition)
447 :Pages: 688
448 :ISBN: 978-3-86490-288-8
449 :Note: German. The third edition from 2011 is
450 much cheaper and still quite up-to-date.
451
452 * Title: **Linux Kernel Networking: Implementation and Theory**
453
454 :Author: Rami Rosen
455 :Publisher: Apress
456 :Date: December 22, 2013
457 :Pages: 648
458 :ISBN: 978-1430261964
459
460 * Title: **Embedded Linux Primer: A practical Real-World Approach, 2nd Edition**
461
462 :Author: Christopher Hallinan
463 :Publisher: Pearson
464 :Date: November, 2010
465 :Pages: 656
466 :ISBN: 978-0137017836
467
468 * Title: **Linux Kernel Development, 3rd Edition**
469
470 :Author: Robert Love
471 :Publisher: Addison-Wesley
472 :Date: July, 2010
473 :Pages: 440
474 :ISBN: 978-0672329463
475
476 * Title: **Essential Linux Device Drivers**
477
478 :Author: Sreekrishnan Venkateswaran
479 :Published: Prentice Hall
480 :Date: April, 2008
481 :Pages: 744
482 :ISBN: 978-0132396554
483
484.. _ldd3_published:
485
486 * Title: **Linux Device Drivers, 3rd Edition**
487
488 :Authors: Jonathan Corbet, Alessandro Rubini, and Greg Kroah-Hartman
489 :Publisher: O'Reilly & Associates
490 :Date: 2005
491 :Pages: 636
492 :ISBN: 0-596-00590-3
493 :Notes: Further information in
494 http://www.oreilly.com/catalog/linuxdrive3/
495 PDF format, URL: https://lwn.net/Kernel/LDD3/
496
497 * Title: **Linux Kernel Internals**
498
499 :Author: Michael Beck
500 :Publisher: Addison-Wesley
501 :Date: 1997
502 :ISBN: 0-201-33143-8 (second edition)
503
504 * Title: **Programmation Linux 2.0 API systeme et fonctionnement du noyau**
505
506 :Author: Remy Card, Eric Dumas, Franck Mevel
507 :Publisher: Eyrolles
508 :Date: 1997
509 :Pages: 520
510 :ISBN: 2-212-08932-5
511 :Notes: French
512
513 * Title: **The Design and Implementation of the 4.4 BSD UNIX Operating System**
514
515 :Author: Marshall Kirk McKusick, Keith Bostic, Michael J. Karels,
516 John S. Quarterman
517 :Publisher: Addison-Wesley
518 :Date: 1996
519 :ISBN: 0-201-54979-4
520
521 * Title: **Unix internals -- the new frontiers**
522
523 :Author: Uresh Vahalia
524 :Publisher: Prentice Hall
525 :Date: 1996
526 :Pages: 600
527 :ISBN: 0-13-101908-2
528
529 * Title: **Programming for the real world - POSIX.4**
530
531 :Author: Bill O. Gallmeister
532 :Publisher: O'Reilly & Associates, Inc
533 :Date: 1995
534 :Pages: 552
535 :ISBN: I-56592-074-0
536 :Notes: Though not being directly about Linux, Linux aims to be
537 POSIX. Good reference.
538
539 * Title: **UNIX Systems for Modern Architectures: Symmetric Multiprocessing and Caching for Kernel Programmers**
540
541 :Author: Curt Schimmel
542 :Publisher: Addison Wesley
543 :Date: June, 1994
544 :Pages: 432
545 :ISBN: 0-201-63338-8
546
547 * Title: **The Design and Implementation of the 4.3 BSD UNIX Operating System**
548
549 :Author: Samuel J. Leffler, Marshall Kirk McKusick, Michael J
550 Karels, John S. Quarterman
551 :Publisher: Addison-Wesley
552 :Date: 1989 (reprinted with corrections on October, 1990)
553 :ISBN: 0-201-06196-1
554
555 * Title: **The Design of the UNIX Operating System**
556
557 :Author: Maurice J. Bach
558 :Publisher: Prentice Hall
559 :Date: 1986
560 :Pages: 471
561 :ISBN: 0-13-201757-1
562
563Miscellaneous
564-------------
565
566 * Name: **Cross-Referencing Linux**
567
568 :URL: https://elixir.bootlin.com/
569 :Keywords: Browsing source code.
570 :Description: Another web-based Linux kernel source code browser.
571 Lots of cross references to variables and functions. You can see
572 where they are defined and where they are used.
573
574 * Name: **Linux Weekly News**
575
576 :URL: https://lwn.net
577 :Keywords: latest kernel news.
578 :Description: The title says it all. There's a fixed kernel section
579 summarizing developers' work, bug fixes, new features and versions
580 produced during the week. Published every Thursday.
581
582 * Name: **The home page of Linux-MM**
583
584 :Author: The Linux-MM team.
585 :URL: https://linux-mm.org/
586 :Keywords: memory management, Linux-MM, mm patches, TODO, docs,
587 mailing list.
588 :Description: Site devoted to Linux Memory Management development.
589 Memory related patches, HOWTOs, links, mm developers... Don't miss
590 it if you are interested in memory management development!
591
592 * Name: **Kernel Newbies IRC Channel and Website**
593
594 :URL: https://www.kernelnewbies.org
595 :Keywords: IRC, newbies, channel, asking doubts.
596 :Description: #kernelnewbies on irc.oftc.net.
597 #kernelnewbies is an IRC network dedicated to the 'newbie'
598 kernel hacker. The audience mostly consists of people who are
599 learning about the kernel, working on kernel projects or
600 professional kernel hackers that want to help less seasoned kernel
601 people.
602 #kernelnewbies is on the OFTC IRC Network.
603 Try irc.oftc.net as your server and then /join #kernelnewbies.
604 The kernelnewbies website also hosts articles, documents, FAQs...
605
606 * Name: **linux-kernel mailing list archives and search engines**
607
608 :URL: http://vger.kernel.org/vger-lists.html
609 :URL: http://www.uwsg.indiana.edu/hypermail/linux/kernel/index.html
610 :URL: http://groups.google.com/group/mlist.linux.kernel
611 :Keywords: linux-kernel, archives, search.
612 :Description: Some of the linux-kernel mailing list archivers. If
613 you have a better/another one, please let me know.
614
615-------
616
617Document last updated on Tue 2016-Sep-20
618
619This document is based on:
620 https://www.dit.upm.es/~jmseyas/linux/kernel/hackers-docs.html