kernel / include / linux / slab.h

/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
/*
 * Written by Mark Hemment, 1996 ([e-mail]).
 *
 * (C) SGI 2006, Christoph Lameter
 * 	Cleaned up and restructured to ease the addition of alternative
 * 	implementations of SLAB allocators.
 * (C) Linux Foundation 2008-2013
 *      Unified interface for all slab allocators
 */

#ifndef _LINUX_SLAB_H
#define	_LINUX_SLAB_H

#include <linux/gfp.h>
#include <linux/overflow.h>
#include <linux/types.h>
#include <linux/workqueue.h>


/*
 * Flags to pass to kmem_cache_create().
 * The ones marked DEBUG are only valid if CONFIG_DEBUG_SLAB is set.
 */
/* DEBUG: Perform (expensive) checks on alloc/free */
#define SLAB_CONSISTENCY_CHECKS	((slab_flags_t __force)0x00000100U)
/* DEBUG: Red zone objs in a cache */
#define SLAB_RED_ZONE		((slab_flags_t __force)0x00000400U)
/* DEBUG: Poison objects */
#define SLAB_POISON		((slab_flags_t __force)0x00000800U)
/* Align objs on cache lines */
#define SLAB_HWCACHE_ALIGN	((slab_flags_t __force)0x00002000U)
/* Use GFP_DMA memory */
#define SLAB_CACHE_DMA		((slab_flags_t __force)0x00004000U)
/* DEBUG: Store the last owner for bug hunting */
#define SLAB_STORE_USER		((slab_flags_t __force)0x00010000U)
/* Panic if kmem_cache_create() fails */
#define SLAB_PANIC		((slab_flags_t __force)0x00040000U)
/*
 * SLAB_TYPESAFE_BY_RCU - **WARNING** READ THIS!
 *
 * This delays freeing the SLAB page by a grace period, it does _NOT_
 * delay object freeing. This means that if you do kmem_cache_free()
 * that memory location is free to be reused at any time. Thus it may
 * be possible to see another object there in the same RCU grace period.
 *
 * This feature only ensures the memory location backing the object
 * stays valid, the trick to using this is relying on an independent
 * object validation pass. Something like:
 *
 *  rcu_read_lock()
 * again:
 *  obj = lockless_lookup(key);
 *  if (obj) {
 *    if (!try_get_ref(obj)) // might fail for free objects
 *      goto again;
 *
 *    if (obj->key != key) { // not the object we expected
 *      put_ref(obj);
 *      goto again;
 *    }
 *  }
 *  rcu_read_unlock();
 *
 * This is useful if we need to approach a kernel structure obliquely,
 * from its address obtained without the usual locking. We can lock
 * the structure to stabilize it and check it's still at the given address,
 * only if we can be sure that the memory has not been meanwhile reused
 * for some other kind of object (which our subsystem's lock might corrupt).
 *
 * rcu_read_lock before reading the address, then rcu_read_unlock after
 * taking the spinlock within the structure expected at that address.
 *
 * Note that SLAB_TYPESAFE_BY_RCU was originally named SLAB_DESTROY_BY_RCU.
 */
/* Defer freeing slabs to RCU */
#define SLAB_TYPESAFE_BY_RCU	((slab_flags_t __force)0x00080000U)
/* Spread some memory over cpuset */
#define SLAB_MEM_SPREAD		((slab_flags_t __force)0x00100000U)
/* Trace allocations and frees */
#define SLAB_TRACE		((slab_flags_t __force)0x00200000U)

/* Flag to prevent checks on free */
#ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_OBJECTS
# define SLAB_DEBUG_OBJECTS	((slab_flags_t __force)0x00400000U)
#else
# define SLAB_DEBUG_OBJECTS	0
#endif

/* Avoid kmemleak tracing */
#define SLAB_NOLEAKTRACE	((slab_flags_t __force)0x00800000U)

/* Fault injection mark */
#ifdef CONFIG_FAILSLAB
# define SLAB_FAILSLAB		((slab_flags_t __force)0x02000000U)
#else
# define SLAB_FAILSLAB		0
#endif
/* Account to memcg */
#ifdef CONFIG_MEMCG_KMEM
# define SLAB_ACCOUNT		((slab_flags_t __force)0x04000000U)
#else
# define SLAB_ACCOUNT		0
#endif

#ifdef CONFIG_KASAN
#define SLAB_KASAN		((slab_flags_t __force)0x08000000U)
#else
#define SLAB_KASAN		0
#endif

/* The following flags affect the page allocator grouping pages by mobility */
/* Objects are reclaimable */
#define SLAB_RECLAIM_ACCOUNT	((slab_flags_t __force)0x00020000U)
#define SLAB_TEMPORARY		SLAB_RECLAIM_ACCOUNT	/* Objects are short-lived */
/*
 * ZERO_SIZE_PTR will be returned for zero sized kmalloc requests.
 *
 * Dereferencing ZERO_SIZE_PTR will lead to a distinct access fault.
 *
 * ZERO_SIZE_PTR can be passed to kfree though in the same way that NULL can.
 * Both make kfree a no-op.
 */
#define ZERO_SIZE_PTR ((void *)16)

#define ZERO_OR_NULL_PTR(x) ((unsigned long)(x) <= \
				(unsigned long)ZERO_SIZE_PTR)

#include <linux/kasan.h>

struct mem_cgroup;
/*
 * struct kmem_cache related prototypes
 */
void __init kmem_cache_init(void);
bool slab_is_available(void);

extern bool usercopy_fallback;

struct kmem_cache *kmem_cache_create(const char *name, unsigned int size,
			unsigned int align, slab_flags_t flags,
			void (*ctor)(void *));
struct kmem_cache *kmem_cache_create_usercopy(const char *name,
			unsigned int size, unsigned int align,
			slab_flags_t flags,
			unsigned int useroffset, unsigned int usersize,
			void (*ctor)(void *));
void kmem_cache_destroy(struct kmem_cache *);
int kmem_cache_shrink(struct kmem_cache *);

void memcg_create_kmem_cache(struct mem_cgroup *, struct kmem_cache *);
void memcg_deactivate_kmem_caches(struct mem_cgroup *);
void memcg_destroy_kmem_caches(struct mem_cgroup *);

/*
 * Please use this macro to create slab caches. Simply specify the
 * name of the structure and maybe some flags that are listed above.
 *
 * The alignment of the struct determines object alignment. If you
 * f.e. add ____cacheline_aligned_in_smp to the struct declaration
 * then the objects will be properly aligned in SMP configurations.
 */
#define KMEM_CACHE(__struct, __flags)					\
		kmem_cache_create(#__struct, sizeof(struct __struct),	\
			__alignof__(struct __struct), (__flags), NULL)

/*
 * To whitelist a single field for copying to/from usercopy, use this
 * macro instead for KMEM_CACHE() above.
 */
#define KMEM_CACHE_USERCOPY(__struct, __flags, __field)			\
		kmem_cache_create_usercopy(#__struct,			\
			sizeof(struct __struct),			\
			__alignof__(struct __struct), (__flags),	\
			offsetof(struct __struct, __field),		\
			sizeof_field(struct __struct, __field), NULL)

/*
 * Common kmalloc functions provided by all allocators
 */
void * __must_check __krealloc(const void *, size_t, gfp_t);
void * __must_check krealloc(const void *, size_t, gfp_t);
void kfree(const void *);
void kzfree(const void *);
size_t ksize(const void *);

#ifdef CONFIG_HAVE_HARDENED_USERCOPY_ALLOCATOR
void __check_heap_object(const void *ptr, unsigned long n, struct page *page,
			bool to_user);
#else
static inline void __check_heap_object(const void *ptr, unsigned long n,
				       struct page *page, bool to_user) { }
#endif

/*
 * Some archs want to perform DMA into kmalloc caches and need a guaranteed
 * alignment larger than the alignment of a 64-bit integer.
 * Setting ARCH_KMALLOC_MINALIGN in arch headers allows that.
 */
#if defined(ARCH_DMA_MINALIGN) && ARCH_DMA_MINALIGN > 8
#define ARCH_KMALLOC_MINALIGN ARCH_DMA_MINALIGN
#define KMALLOC_MIN_SIZE ARCH_DMA_MINALIGN
#define KMALLOC_SHIFT_LOW ilog2(ARCH_DMA_MINALIGN)
#else
#define ARCH_KMALLOC_MINALIGN __alignof__(unsigned long long)
#endif

/*
 * Setting ARCH_SLAB_MINALIGN in arch headers allows a different alignment.
 * Intended for arches that get misalignment faults even for 64 bit integer
 * aligned buffers.
 */
#ifndef ARCH_SLAB_MINALIGN
#define ARCH_SLAB_MINALIGN __alignof__(unsigned long long)
#endif

/*
 * kmalloc and friends return ARCH_KMALLOC_MINALIGN aligned
 * pointers. kmem_cache_alloc and friends return ARCH_SLAB_MINALIGN
 * aligned pointers.
 */
#define __assume_kmalloc_alignment __assume_aligned(ARCH_KMALLOC_MINALIGN)
#define __assume_slab_alignment __assume_aligned(ARCH_SLAB_MINALIGN)
#define __assume_page_alignment __assume_aligned(PAGE_SIZE)

/*
 * Kmalloc array related definitions
 */

#ifdef CONFIG_SLAB
/*
 * The largest kmalloc size supported by the SLAB allocators is
 * 32 megabyte (2^25) or the maximum allocatable page order if that is
 * less than 32 MB.
 *
 * WARNING: Its not easy to increase this value since the allocators have
 * to do various tricks to work around compiler limitations in order to
 * ensure proper constant folding.
 */
#define KMALLOC_SHIFT_HIGH	((MAX_ORDER + PAGE_SHIFT - 1) <= 25 ? \
				(MAX_ORDER + PAGE_SHIFT - 1) : 25)
#define KMALLOC_SHIFT_MAX	KMALLOC_SHIFT_HIGH
#ifndef KMALLOC_SHIFT_LOW
#define KMALLOC_SHIFT_LOW	5
#endif
#endif

#ifdef CONFIG_SLUB
/*
 * SLUB directly allocates requests fitting in to an order-1 page
 * (PAGE_SIZE*2).  Larger requests are passed to the page allocator.
 */
#define KMALLOC_SHIFT_HIGH	(PAGE_SHIFT + 1)
#define KMALLOC_SHIFT_MAX	(MAX_ORDER + PAGE_SHIFT - 1)
#ifndef KMALLOC_SHIFT_LOW
#define KMALLOC_SHIFT_LOW	3
#endif
#endif

#ifdef CONFIG_SLOB
/*
 * SLOB passes all requests larger than one page to the page allocator.
 * No kmalloc array is necessary since objects of different sizes can
 * be allocated from the same page.
 */
#define KMALLOC_SHIFT_HIGH	PAGE_SHIFT
#define KMALLOC_SHIFT_MAX	(MAX_ORDER + PAGE_SHIFT - 1)
#ifndef KMALLOC_SHIFT_LOW
#define KMALLOC_SHIFT_LOW	3
#endif
#endif

/* Maximum allocatable size */
#define KMALLOC_MAX_SIZE	(1UL << KMALLOC_SHIFT_MAX)
/* Maximum size for which we actually use a slab cache */
#define KMALLOC_MAX_CACHE_SIZE	(1UL << KMALLOC_SHIFT_HIGH)
/* Maximum order allocatable via the slab allocagtor */
#define KMALLOC_MAX_ORDER	(KMALLOC_SHIFT_MAX - PAGE_SHIFT)

/*
 * Kmalloc subsystem.
 */
#ifndef KMALLOC_MIN_SIZE
#define KMALLOC_MIN_SIZE (1 << KMALLOC_SHIFT_LOW)
#endif

/*
 * This restriction comes from byte sized index implementation.
 * Page size is normally 2^12 bytes and, in this case, if we want to use
 * byte sized index which can represent 2^8 entries, the size of the object
 * should be equal or greater to 2^12 / 2^8 = 2^4 = 16.
 * If minimum size of kmalloc is less than 16, we use it as minimum object
 * size and give up to use byte sized index.
 */
#define SLAB_OBJ_MIN_SIZE      (KMALLOC_MIN_SIZE < 16 ? \
                               (KMALLOC_MIN_SIZE) : 16)

/*
 * Whenever changing this, take care of that kmalloc_type() and
 * create_kmalloc_caches() still work as intended.
 */
enum kmalloc_cache_type {
	KMALLOC_NORMAL = 0,
	KMALLOC_RECLAIM,
#ifdef CONFIG_ZONE_DMA
	KMALLOC_DMA,
#endif
	NR_KMALLOC_TYPES
};

#ifndef CONFIG_SLOB
extern struct kmem_cache *
kmalloc_caches[NR_KMALLOC_TYPES][KMALLOC_SHIFT_HIGH + 1];

static __always_inline enum kmalloc_cache_type kmalloc_type(gfp_t flags)
{
#ifdef CONFIG_ZONE_DMA
	/*
	 * The most common case is KMALLOC_NORMAL, so test for it
	 * with a single branch for both flags.
	 */
	if (likely((flags & (__GFP_DMA | __GFP_RECLAIMABLE)) == 0))
		return KMALLOC_NORMAL;

	/*
	 * At least one of the flags has to be set. If both are, __GFP_DMA
	 * is more important.
	 */
	return flags & __GFP_DMA ? KMALLOC_DMA : KMALLOC_RECLAIM;
#else
	return flags & __GFP_RECLAIMABLE ? KMALLOC_RECLAIM : KMALLOC_NORMAL;
#endif
}

/*
 * Figure out which kmalloc slab an allocation of a certain size
 * belongs to.
 * 0 = zero alloc
 * 1 =  65 .. 96 bytes
 * 2 = 129 .. 192 bytes
 * n = 2^(n-1)+1 .. 2^n
 */
static __always_inline unsigned int kmalloc_index(size_t size)
{
	if (!size)
		return 0;

	if (size <= KMALLOC_MIN_SIZE)
		return KMALLOC_SHIFT_LOW;

	if (KMALLOC_MIN_SIZE <= 32 && size > 64 && size <= 96)
		return 1;
	if (KMALLOC_MIN_SIZE <= 64 && size > 128 && size <= 192)
		return 2;
	if (size <=          8) return 3;
	if (size <=         16) return 4;
	if (size <=         32) return 5;
	if (size <=         64) return 6;
	if (size <=        128) return 7;
	if (size <=        256) return 8;
	if (size <=        512) return 9;
	if (size <=       1024) return 10;
	if (size <=   2 * 1024) return 11;
	if (size <=   4 * 1024) return 12;
	if (size <=   8 * 1024) return 13;
	if (size <=  16 * 1024) return 14;
	if (size <=  32 * 1024) return 15;
	if (size <=  64 * 1024) return 16;
	if (size <= 128 * 1024) return 17;
	if (size <= 256 * 1024) return 18;
	if (size <= 512 * 1024) return 19;
	if (size <= 1024 * 1024) return 20;
	if (size <=  2 * 1024 * 1024) return 21;
	if (size <=  4 * 1024 * 1024) return 22;
	if (size <=  8 * 1024 * 1024) return 23;
	if (size <=  16 * 1024 * 1024) return 24;
	if (size <=  32 * 1024 * 1024) return 25;
	if (size <=  64 * 1024 * 1024) return 26;
	BUG();

	/* Will never be reached. Needed because the compiler may complain */
	return -1;
}
#endif /* !CONFIG_SLOB */

void *__kmalloc(size_t size, gfp_t flags) __assume_kmalloc_alignment __malloc;
void *kmem_cache_alloc(struct kmem_cache *, gfp_t flags) __assume_slab_alignment __malloc;
void kmem_cache_free(struct kmem_cache *, void *);

/*
 * Bulk allocation and freeing operations. These are accelerated in an
 * allocator specific way to avoid taking locks repeatedly or building
 * metadata structures unnecessarily.
 *
 * Note that interrupts must be enabled when calling these functions.
 */
void kmem_cache_free_bulk(struct kmem_cache *, size_t, void **);
int kmem_cache_alloc_bulk(struct kmem_cache *, gfp_t, size_t, void **);

/*
 * Caller must not use kfree_bulk() on memory not originally allocated
 * by kmalloc(), because the SLOB allocator cannot handle this.
 */
static __always_inline void kfree_bulk(size_t size, void **p)
{
	kmem_cache_free_bulk(NULL, size, p);
}

#ifdef CONFIG_NUMA
void *__kmalloc_node(size_t size, gfp_t flags, int node) __assume_kmalloc_alignment __malloc;
void *kmem_cache_alloc_node(struct kmem_cache *, gfp_t flags, int node) __assume_slab_alignment __malloc;
#else
static __always_inline void *__kmalloc_node(size_t size, gfp_t flags, int node)
{
	return __kmalloc(size, flags);
}

static __always_inline void *kmem_cache_alloc_node(struct kmem_cache *s, gfp_t flags, int node)
{
	return kmem_cache_alloc(s, flags);
}
#endif

#ifdef CONFIG_TRACING
extern void *kmem_cache_alloc_trace(struct kmem_cache *, gfp_t, size_t) __assume_slab_alignment __malloc;

#ifdef CONFIG_NUMA
extern void *kmem_cache_alloc_node_trace(struct kmem_cache *s,
					   gfp_t gfpflags,
					   int node, size_t size) __assume_slab_alignment __malloc;
#else
static __always_inline void *
kmem_cache_alloc_node_trace(struct kmem_cache *s,
			      gfp_t gfpflags,
			      int node, size_t size)
{
	return kmem_cache_alloc_trace(s, gfpflags, size);
}
#endif /* CONFIG_NUMA */

#else /* CONFIG_TRACING */
static __always_inline void *kmem_cache_alloc_trace(struct kmem_cache *s,
		gfp_t flags, size_t size)
{
	void *ret = kmem_cache_alloc(s, flags);

	ret = kasan_kmalloc(s, ret, size, flags);
	return ret;
}

static __always_inline void *
kmem_cache_alloc_node_trace(struct kmem_cache *s,
			      gfp_t gfpflags,
			      int node, size_t size)
{
	void *ret = kmem_cache_alloc_node(s, gfpflags, node);

	ret = kasan_kmalloc(s, ret, size, gfpflags);
	return ret;
}
#endif /* CONFIG_TRACING */

extern void *kmalloc_order(size_t size, gfp_t flags, unsigned int order) __assume_page_alignment __malloc;

#ifdef CONFIG_TRACING
extern void *kmalloc_order_trace(size_t size, gfp_t flags, unsigned int order) __assume_page_alignment __malloc;
#else
static __always_inline void *
kmalloc_order_trace(size_t size, gfp_t flags, unsigned int order)
{
	return kmalloc_order(size, flags, order);
}
#endif

static __always_inline void *kmalloc_large(size_t size, gfp_t flags)
{
	unsigned int order = get_order(size);
	return kmalloc_order_trace(size, flags, order);
}

/**
 * kmalloc - allocate memory
 * @size: how many bytes of memory are required.
 * @flags: the type of memory to allocate.
 *
 * kmalloc is the normal method of allocating memory
 * for objects smaller than page size in the kernel.
 *
 * The @flags argument may be one of the GFP flags defined at
 * include/linux/gfp.h and described at
 * :ref:`Documentation/core-api/mm-api.rst <mm-api-gfp-flags>`
 *
 * The recommended usage of the @flags is described at
 * :ref:`Documentation/core-api/memory-allocation.rst <memory-allocation>`
 *
 * Below is a brief outline of the most useful GFP flags
 *
 * %GFP_KERNEL
 *	Allocate normal kernel ram. May sleep.
 *
 * %GFP_NOWAIT
 *	Allocation will not sleep.
 *
 * %GFP_ATOMIC
 *	Allocation will not sleep.  May use emergency pools.
 *
 * %GFP_HIGHUSER
 *	Allocate memory from high memory on behalf of user.
 *
 * Also it is possible to set different flags by OR'ing
 * in one or more of the following additional @flags:
 *
 * %__GFP_HIGH
 *	This allocation has high priority and may use emergency pools.
 *
 * %__GFP_NOFAIL
 *	Indicate that this allocation is in no way allowed to fail
 *	(think twice before using).
 *
 * %__GFP_NORETRY
 *	If memory is not immediately available,
 *	then give up at once.
 *
 * %__GFP_NOWARN
 *	If allocation fails, don't issue any warnings.
 *
 * %__GFP_RETRY_MAYFAIL
 *	Try really hard to succeed the allocation but fail
 *	eventually.
 */
static __always_inline void *kmalloc(size_t size, gfp_t flags)
{
	if (__builtin_constant_p(size)) {
#ifndef CONFIG_SLOB
		unsigned int index;
#endif
		if (size > KMALLOC_MAX_CACHE_SIZE)
			return kmalloc_large(size, flags);
#ifndef CONFIG_SLOB
		index = kmalloc_index(size);

		if (!index)
			return ZERO_SIZE_PTR;

		return kmem_cache_alloc_trace(
				kmalloc_caches[kmalloc_type(flags)][index],
				flags, size);
#endif
	}
	return __kmalloc(size, flags);
}

/*
 * Determine size used for the nth kmalloc cache.
 * return size or 0 if a kmalloc cache for that
 * size does not exist
 */
static __always_inline unsigned int kmalloc_size(unsigned int n)
{
#ifndef CONFIG_SLOB
	if (n > 2)
		return 1U << n;

	if (n == 1 && KMALLOC_MIN_SIZE <= 32)
		return 96;

	if (n == 2 && KMALLOC_MIN_SIZE <= 64)
		return 192;
#endif
	return 0;
}

static __always_inline void *kmalloc_node(size_t size, gfp_t flags, int node)
{
#ifndef CONFIG_SLOB
	if (__builtin_constant_p(size) &&
		size <= KMALLOC_MAX_CACHE_SIZE) {
		unsigned int i = kmalloc_index(size);

		if (!i)
			return ZERO_SIZE_PTR;

		return kmem_cache_alloc_node_trace(
				kmalloc_caches[kmalloc_type(flags)][i],
						flags, node, size);
	}
#endif
	return __kmalloc_node(size, flags, node);
}

struct memcg_cache_array {
	struct rcu_head rcu;
	struct kmem_cache *entries[0];
};

/*
 * This is the main placeholder for memcg-related information in kmem caches.
 * Both the root cache and the child caches will have it. For the root cache,
 * this will hold a dynamically allocated array large enough to hold
 * information about the currently limited memcgs in the system. To allow the
 * array to be accessed without taking any locks, on relocation we free the old
 * version only after a grace period.
 *
 * Root and child caches hold different metadata.
 *
 * @root_cache:	Common to root and child caches.  NULL for root, pointer to
 *		the root cache for children.
 *
 * The following fields are specific to root caches.
 *
 * @memcg_caches: kmemcg ID indexed table of child caches.  This table is
 *		used to index child cachces during allocation and cleared
 *		early during shutdown.
 *
 * @root_caches_node: List node for slab_root_caches list.
 *
 * @children:	List of all child caches.  While the child caches are also
 *		reachable through @memcg_caches, a child cache remains on
 *		this list until it is actually destroyed.
 *
 * The following fields are specific to child caches.
 *
 * @memcg:	Pointer to the memcg this cache belongs to.
 *
 * @children_node: List node for @root_cache->children list.
 *
 * @kmem_caches_node: List node for @memcg->kmem_caches list.
 */
struct memcg_cache_params {
	struct kmem_cache *root_cache;
	union {
		struct {
			struct memcg_cache_array __rcu *memcg_caches;
			struct list_head __root_caches_node;
			struct list_head children;
			bool dying;
		};
		struct {
			struct mem_cgroup *memcg;
			struct list_head children_node;
			struct list_head kmem_caches_node;

			void (*deact_fn)(struct kmem_cache *);
			union {
				struct rcu_head deact_rcu_head;
				struct work_struct deact_work;
			};
		};
	};
};

int memcg_update_all_caches(int num_memcgs);

/**
 * kmalloc_array - allocate memory for an array.
 * @n: number of elements.
 * @size: element size.
 * @flags: the type of memory to allocate (see kmalloc).
 */
static inline void *kmalloc_array(size_t n, size_t size, gfp_t flags)
{
	size_t bytes;

	if (unlikely(check_mul_overflow(n, size, &bytes)))
		return NULL;
	if (__builtin_constant_p(n) && __builtin_constant_p(size))
		return kmalloc(bytes, flags);
	return __kmalloc(bytes, flags);
}

/**
 * kcalloc - allocate memory for an array. The memory is set to zero.
 * @n: number of elements.
 * @size: element size.
 * @flags: the type of memory to allocate (see kmalloc).
 */
static inline void *kcalloc(size_t n, size_t size, gfp_t flags)
{
	return kmalloc_array(n, size, flags | __GFP_ZERO);
}

/*
 * kmalloc_track_caller is a special version of kmalloc that records the
 * calling function of the routine calling it for slab leak tracking instead
 * of just the calling function (confusing, eh?).
 * It's useful when the call to kmalloc comes from a widely-used standard
 * allocator where we care about the real place the memory allocation
 * request comes from.
 */
extern void *__kmalloc_track_caller(size_t, gfp_t, unsigned long);
#define kmalloc_track_caller(size, flags) \
	__kmalloc_track_caller(size, flags, _RET_IP_)

static inline void *kmalloc_array_node(size_t n, size_t size, gfp_t flags,
				       int node)
{
	size_t bytes;

	if (unlikely(check_mul_overflow(n, size, &bytes)))
		return NULL;
	if (__builtin_constant_p(n) && __builtin_constant_p(size))
		return kmalloc_node(bytes, flags, node);
	return __kmalloc_node(bytes, flags, node);
}

static inline void *kcalloc_node(size_t n, size_t size, gfp_t flags, int node)
{
	return kmalloc_array_node(n, size, flags | __GFP_ZERO, node);
}


#ifdef CONFIG_NUMA
extern void *__kmalloc_node_track_caller(size_t, gfp_t, int, unsigned long);
#define kmalloc_node_track_caller(size, flags, node) \
	__kmalloc_node_track_caller(size, flags, node, \
			_RET_IP_)

#else /* CONFIG_NUMA */

#define kmalloc_node_track_caller(size, flags, node) \
	kmalloc_track_caller(size, flags)

#endif /* CONFIG_NUMA */

/*
 * Shortcuts
 */
static inline void *kmem_cache_zalloc(struct kmem_cache *k, gfp_t flags)
{
	return kmem_cache_alloc(k, flags | __GFP_ZERO);
}

/**
 * kzalloc - allocate memory. The memory is set to zero.
 * @size: how many bytes of memory are required.
 * @flags: the type of memory to allocate (see kmalloc).
 */
static inline void *kzalloc(size_t size, gfp_t flags)
{
	return kmalloc(size, flags | __GFP_ZERO);
}

/**
 * kzalloc_node - allocate zeroed memory from a particular memory node.
 * @size: how many bytes of memory are required.
 * @flags: the type of memory to allocate (see kmalloc).
 * @node: memory node from which to allocate
 */
static inline void *kzalloc_node(size_t size, gfp_t flags, int node)
{
	return kmalloc_node(size, flags | __GFP_ZERO, node);
}

unsigned int kmem_cache_size(struct kmem_cache *s);
void __init kmem_cache_init_late(void);

#if defined(CONFIG_SMP) && defined(CONFIG_SLAB)
int slab_prepare_cpu(unsigned int cpu);
int slab_dead_cpu(unsigned int cpu);
#else
#define slab_prepare_cpu	NULL
#define slab_dead_cpu		NULL
#endif

#endif	/* _LINUX_SLAB_H */