// Package gitclient is a small git protocol v2 client over smart http, just
// enough to read refs, trees and blobs from a knot without cloning.
package gitclient

import (
	"bytes"
	"context"
	"errors"
	"fmt"
	"io"
	"maps"
	"net/http"
	"path"
	"slices"
	"strings"
	"sync"
)

var (
	ErrRefNotFound  = errors.New("branch or tag not found")
	ErrPathNotFound = errors.New("path not found at the commit")
	ErrNotDir       = fmt.Errorf("%w: not a directory", ErrPathNotFound)
	ErrTooLarge     = errors.New("pack exceeds the read limit")
	ErrUnsupported  = errors.New("server lacks a required v2 capability")
)

// hex object id, sha1 or sha256 depending on the repo's object-format
type Oid string

type Client struct {
	http     *http.Client
	url      string // repo base, e.g. https://knot.example/did:plc:abc
	maxBytes int64  // cap on one fetch's pack

	mu   sync.Mutex
	caps *Caps
}

func New(httpClient *http.Client, repoURL string, maxBytes int64) *Client {
	if httpClient == nil {
		httpClient = http.DefaultClient
	}
	return &Client{http: httpClient, url: strings.TrimSuffix(repoURL, "/"), maxBytes: maxBytes}
}

type Caps struct {
	ObjectFormat string // "sha1" or "sha256"
	LsRefs       bool
	Fetch        []string // fetch= features: shallow, filter, ...
}

func (c *Client) Caps(ctx context.Context) (Caps, error) {
	c.mu.Lock()
	defer c.mu.Unlock()
	if c.caps != nil {
		return *c.caps, nil
	}
	u := c.url + "/info/refs?service=git-upload-pack"
	req, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, http.MethodGet, u, nil)
	if err != nil {
		return Caps{}, err
	}
	req.Header.Set("Git-Protocol", "version=2")
	resp, err := c.http.Do(req)
	if err != nil {
		return Caps{}, err
	}
	defer resp.Body.Close()
	if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
		return Caps{}, httpError(resp)
	}
	caps := Caps{ObjectFormat: "sha1"}
	p := newPktReader(io.LimitReader(resp.Body, 1<<20))
	v2 := false
	for {
		kind, line, err := p.next()
		if err != nil && !v2 {
			return Caps{}, fmt.Errorf("%w: %s doesn't speak protocol v2", ErrUnsupported, u)
		}
		if err != nil {
			return Caps{}, fmt.Errorf("reading %s: %w", u, err)
		}
		if kind != pktData {
			// a v0-style "# service=" banner ends in a flush before the v2 advert
			if v2 {
				break
			}
			continue
		}
		key, val, _ := strings.Cut(strings.TrimSuffix(string(line), "\n"), "=")
		switch key {
		case "version 2":
			v2 = true
		case "ls-refs":
			caps.LsRefs = true
		case "fetch":
			caps.Fetch = strings.Fields(val)
		case "object-format":
			caps.ObjectFormat = val
		}
	}
	if caps.ObjectFormat != "sha1" && caps.ObjectFormat != "sha256" {
		return Caps{}, fmt.Errorf("%w: object-format=%s", ErrUnsupported, caps.ObjectFormat)
	}
	c.caps = &caps
	return caps, nil
}

type Ref struct {
	Name   string
	Oid    Oid
	Peeled Oid    // set for annotated tags when Peel was asked
	Symref string // target of HEAD when Symrefs was asked
}

type LsRefsOpts struct {
	Prefixes []string // ref-prefix lines
	Peel     bool
	Symrefs  bool
}

// command=ls-refs
func (c *Client) LsRefs(ctx context.Context, opts LsRefsOpts) ([]Ref, error) {
	caps, err := c.Caps(ctx)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	if !caps.LsRefs {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("%w: ls-refs", ErrUnsupported)
	}
	var args []string
	if opts.Peel {
		args = append(args, "peel")
	}
	if opts.Symrefs {
		args = append(args, "symrefs")
	}
	for _, prefix := range opts.Prefixes {
		args = append(args, "ref-prefix "+prefix)
	}
	resp, err := c.command(ctx, caps, "ls-refs", args)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	defer resp.Body.Close()
	p := newPktReader(&capReader{r: resp.Body, n: c.maxBytes})
	var refs []Ref
	for {
		kind, line, err := p.next()
		if err != nil {
			return nil, fmt.Errorf("ls-refs: %w", err)
		}
		if kind != pktData {
			return refs, nil
		}
		text := strings.TrimSuffix(string(line), "\n")
		if msg, ok := strings.CutPrefix(text, "ERR "); ok {
			return nil, fmt.Errorf("remote: %s", msg)
		}
		fields := strings.Split(text, " ")
		if len(fields) < 2 || !isOid(fields[0]) {
			return nil, fmt.Errorf("ls-refs: bad line %q", text)
		}
		ref := Ref{Oid: Oid(fields[0]), Name: fields[1]}
		for _, attr := range fields[2:] {
			if v, ok := strings.CutPrefix(attr, "peeled:"); ok {
				ref.Peeled = Oid(v)
			} else if v, ok := strings.CutPrefix(attr, "symref-target:"); ok {
				ref.Symref = v
			}
		}
		refs = append(refs, ref)
	}
}

type FetchOpts struct {
	Wants  []Oid
	Deepen int    // 0 means no deepen line
	Filter string // e.g. "tree:0", "blob:none"; empty means none
}

// command=fetch with done and no haves, since there's no local object store
func (c *Client) Fetch(ctx context.Context, opts FetchOpts) (Objects, error) {
	caps, err := c.Caps(ctx)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	if opts.Filter != "" && !slices.Contains(caps.Fetch, "filter") {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("%w: fetch=filter", ErrUnsupported)
	}
	if opts.Deepen > 0 && !slices.Contains(caps.Fetch, "shallow") {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("%w: fetch=shallow", ErrUnsupported)
	}
	if len(opts.Wants) == 0 {
		return Objects{}, nil
	}
	args := []string{"no-progress", "ofs-delta"}
	for _, want := range opts.Wants {
		if len(want) != oidLen(caps.ObjectFormat) || !isOid(string(want)) {
			return nil, fmt.Errorf("bad object id %q", want)
		}
		args = append(args, "want "+string(want))
	}
	if opts.Deepen > 0 {
		args = append(args, fmt.Sprintf("deepen %d", opts.Deepen))
	}
	if opts.Filter != "" {
		args = append(args, "filter "+opts.Filter)
	}
	args = append(args, "done")
	resp, err := c.command(ctx, caps, "fetch", args)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	defer resp.Body.Close()
	pack, err := packfileSection(newPktReader(resp.Body))
	if err != nil {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("fetch: %w", err)
	}
	objs, err := readPack(&capReader{r: pack, n: c.maxBytes}, caps.ObjectFormat)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("fetch: %w", err)
	}
	return objs, nil
}

// branches before tags, like git; tags peeled
func (c *Client) Resolve(ctx context.Context, ref string) (Oid, error) {
	if ref == "" || strings.ContainsAny(ref, "\x00\n ") {
		return "", ErrRefNotFound
	}
	candidates := []string{ref}
	if !strings.HasPrefix(ref, "refs/") {
		candidates = []string{"refs/heads/" + ref, "refs/tags/" + ref}
	}
	refs, err := c.LsRefs(ctx, LsRefsOpts{Prefixes: candidates, Peel: true})
	if err != nil {
		return "", err
	}
	for _, name := range candidates {
		for _, r := range refs {
			if r.Name != name {
				continue
			}
			if r.Peeled != "" {
				return r.Peeled, nil
			}
			return r.Oid, nil
		}
	}
	return "", ErrRefNotFound
}

type File struct {
	Name string
	Mode string // octal, as in the tree
	Oid  Oid
	Data []byte // nil for subtrees and submodules
}

// one level of dir, blobs filled in
func (c *Client) ReadDir(ctx context.Context, commit Oid, dir string) ([]File, error) {
	caps, objs, oid, err := c.walk(ctx, commit, dir)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	entries, err := c.tree(ctx, caps, objs, oid, "tree:1")
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	files := make([]File, 0, len(entries))
	for _, e := range entries {
		files = append(files, File{Name: e.Name, Mode: e.Mode, Oid: e.Oid})
	}
	if err := c.fillBlobs(ctx, objs, files); err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	return files, nil
}

// everything under dir, named relative to it; the dir tree is wanted unfiltered
// so one pack brings it all
func (c *Client) ReadTree(ctx context.Context, commit Oid, dir string) ([]File, error) {
	caps, objs, oid, err := c.walk(ctx, commit, dir)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	var files []File
	queue := []File{{Oid: oid}}
	for len(queue) > 0 {
		t := queue[0]
		queue = queue[1:]
		entries, err := c.tree(ctx, caps, objs, t.Oid, "")
		if err != nil {
			return nil, err
		}
		for _, e := range entries {
			f := File{Name: path.Join(t.Name, e.Name), Mode: e.Mode, Oid: e.Oid}
			if isTreeMode(e.Mode) {
				queue = append(queue, f)
			}
			files = append(files, f)
		}
	}
	if err := c.fillBlobs(ctx, objs, files); err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	return files, nil
}

// middle trees come alone (tree:0) so sibling blobs stay on the server; servers
// differ on filter depth for a wanted tree, hence fillBlobs
func (c *Client) walk(ctx context.Context, commit Oid, dir string) (Caps, Objects, Oid, error) {
	caps, err := c.Caps(ctx)
	if err != nil {
		return Caps{}, nil, "", err
	}
	objs, err := c.Fetch(ctx, FetchOpts{Wants: []Oid{commit}, Deepen: 1, Filter: "tree:1"})
	if err != nil {
		return Caps{}, nil, "", err
	}
	obj, ok := objs[commit]
	if !ok || obj.Kind != KindCommit {
		return Caps{}, nil, "", fmt.Errorf("fetch of commit %s didn't return it", commit)
	}
	tree, err := commitTree(obj.Data)
	if err != nil {
		return Caps{}, nil, "", err
	}
	for _, name := range strings.Split(dir, "/") {
		if name == "" {
			continue
		}
		entries, err := c.tree(ctx, caps, objs, tree, "tree:0")
		if err != nil {
			return Caps{}, nil, "", err
		}
		i := slices.IndexFunc(entries, func(e treeEntry) bool { return e.Name == name })
		if i < 0 {
			return Caps{}, nil, "", fmt.Errorf("%s: %w", dir, ErrPathNotFound)
		}
		if !isTreeMode(entries[i].Mode) {
			return Caps{}, nil, "", fmt.Errorf("%s: %w", dir, ErrNotDir)
		}
		tree = entries[i].Oid
	}
	return caps, objs, tree, nil
}

func (c *Client) fillBlobs(ctx context.Context, objs Objects, files []File) error {
	var missing []Oid
	for _, f := range files {
		if _, ok := objs[f.Oid]; isBlobMode(f.Mode) && !ok && !slices.Contains(missing, f.Oid) {
			missing = append(missing, f.Oid)
		}
	}
	if len(missing) > 0 {
		// wanted objects pass any filter; it keeps the server on its selective path
		more, err := c.Fetch(ctx, FetchOpts{Wants: missing, Filter: "tree:0"})
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}
		maps.Copy(objs, more)
	}
	for i, f := range files {
		if !isBlobMode(f.Mode) {
			continue
		}
		obj, ok := objs[f.Oid]
		if !ok || obj.Kind != KindBlob {
			return fmt.Errorf("fetch of blob %s didn't return it", f.Oid)
		}
		files[i].Data = obj.Data
	}
	return nil
}

func (c *Client) tree(ctx context.Context, caps Caps, have Objects, oid Oid, filter string) ([]treeEntry, error) {
	if _, ok := have[oid]; !ok {
		objs, err := c.Fetch(ctx, FetchOpts{Wants: []Oid{oid}, Filter: filter})
		if err != nil {
			return nil, err
		}
		maps.Copy(have, objs)
	}
	obj, ok := have[oid]
	if !ok || obj.Kind != KindTree {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("fetch of tree %s didn't return it", oid)
	}
	return parseTree(obj.Data, caps.ObjectFormat)
}

func isBlobMode(mode string) bool {
	mode = strings.TrimLeft(mode, "0")
	return mode != "40000" && mode != "160000"
}

func isTreeMode(mode string) bool {
	return strings.TrimLeft(mode, "0") == "40000"
}

func (c *Client) command(ctx context.Context, caps Caps, command string, args []string) (*http.Response, error) {
	var body bytes.Buffer
	writePkt(&body, "command="+command+"\n")
	// git refuses non-sha1 unless the format is echoed back
	if caps.ObjectFormat != "sha1" {
		writePkt(&body, "object-format="+caps.ObjectFormat+"\n")
	}
	writeDelim(&body)
	for _, arg := range args {
		if err := writePkt(&body, arg+"\n"); err != nil {
			return nil, err
		}
	}
	writeFlush(&body)

	u := c.url + "/git-upload-pack"
	req, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, http.MethodPost, u, &body)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	req.Header.Set("Git-Protocol", "version=2")
	req.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/x-git-upload-pack-request")
	req.Header.Set("Accept", "application/x-git-upload-pack-result")
	resp, err := c.http.Do(req)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
		defer resp.Body.Close()
		return nil, httpError(resp)
	}
	return resp, nil
}

// knot2 says why in a plain text body, like a want it won't serve
func httpError(resp *http.Response) error {
	body, _ := io.ReadAll(io.LimitReader(resp.Body, 512))
	err := fmt.Errorf("%s %s: %s", resp.Request.Method, resp.Request.URL, resp.Status)
	if msg := strings.TrimSpace(string(body)); msg != "" && !strings.HasPrefix(resp.Header.Get("Content-Type"), "text/html") {
		err = fmt.Errorf("%w: %s", err, strings.ToValidUTF8(msg, "?"))
	}
	return err
}