we / crates / layout / src / lib.rs

//! Block layout engine: box generation, block/inline layout, and text wrapping.
//!
//! Builds a layout tree from a styled tree (DOM + computed styles) and positions
//! block-level elements vertically with proper inline formatting context.

use std::collections::HashMap;

use we_css::values::Color;
use we_dom::{Document, NodeData, NodeId};
use we_style::computed::{
    AlignContent, AlignItems, AlignSelf, BorderStyle, BoxSizing, ComputedStyle, Display,
    FlexDirection, FlexWrap, JustifyContent, LengthOrAuto, Overflow, Position, StyledNode,
    TextAlign, TextDecoration, Visibility,
};
use we_text::font::Font;

/// Width of scroll bars in pixels.
pub const SCROLLBAR_WIDTH: f32 = 15.0;

/// Edge sizes for box model (margin, padding, border).
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, Default, PartialEq)]
pub struct EdgeSizes {
    pub top: f32,
    pub right: f32,
    pub bottom: f32,
    pub left: f32,
}

/// A positioned rectangle with content area dimensions.
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, Default, PartialEq)]
pub struct Rect {
    pub x: f32,
    pub y: f32,
    pub width: f32,
    pub height: f32,
}

/// The type of layout box.
#[derive(Debug)]
pub enum BoxType {
    /// Block-level box from an element.
    Block(NodeId),
    /// Inline-level box from an element.
    Inline(NodeId),
    /// A run of text from a text node.
    TextRun { node: NodeId, text: String },
    /// Anonymous block wrapping inline content within a block container.
    Anonymous,
}

/// A single positioned text fragment with its own styling.
///
/// Multiple fragments can share the same y-coordinate when they are
/// on the same visual line (e.g. `<p>Hello <em>world</em></p>` produces
/// two fragments at the same y).
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq)]
pub struct TextLine {
    pub text: String,
    pub x: f32,
    pub y: f32,
    pub width: f32,
    pub font_size: f32,
    pub color: Color,
    pub text_decoration: TextDecoration,
    pub background_color: Color,
}

/// A box in the layout tree with dimensions and child boxes.
#[derive(Debug)]
pub struct LayoutBox {
    pub box_type: BoxType,
    pub display: Display,
    pub rect: Rect,
    pub margin: EdgeSizes,
    pub padding: EdgeSizes,
    pub border: EdgeSizes,
    pub children: Vec<LayoutBox>,
    pub font_size: f32,
    /// Positioned text fragments (populated for boxes with inline content).
    pub lines: Vec<TextLine>,
    /// Text color.
    pub color: Color,
    /// Background color.
    pub background_color: Color,
    /// Text decoration (underline, etc.).
    pub text_decoration: TextDecoration,
    /// Border styles (top, right, bottom, left).
    pub border_styles: [BorderStyle; 4],
    /// Border colors (top, right, bottom, left).
    pub border_colors: [Color; 4],
    /// Text alignment for this box's inline content.
    pub text_align: TextAlign,
    /// Computed line height in px.
    pub line_height: f32,
    /// For replaced elements (e.g., `<img>`): content dimensions (width, height).
    pub replaced_size: Option<(f32, f32)>,
    /// CSS `position` property.
    pub position: Position,
    /// CSS `z-index` property (None = auto).
    pub z_index: Option<i32>,
    /// Relative position offset (dx, dy) applied after normal flow layout.
    pub relative_offset: (f32, f32),
    /// CSS `overflow` property.
    pub overflow: Overflow,
    /// CSS `box-sizing` property.
    pub box_sizing: BoxSizing,
    /// CSS `width` property (explicit or auto, may contain percentage).
    pub css_width: LengthOrAuto,
    /// CSS `height` property (explicit or auto, may contain percentage).
    pub css_height: LengthOrAuto,
    /// CSS margin values (may contain percentages for layout resolution).
    pub css_margin: [LengthOrAuto; 4],
    /// CSS padding values (may contain percentages for layout resolution).
    pub css_padding: [LengthOrAuto; 4],
    /// CSS position offset values (top, right, bottom, left) for relative positioning.
    pub css_offsets: [LengthOrAuto; 4],
    /// CSS `visibility` property.
    pub visibility: Visibility,
    /// Natural content height before CSS height override.
    /// Used to determine overflow for scroll containers.
    pub content_height: f32,
    // Flex container properties
    pub flex_direction: FlexDirection,
    pub flex_wrap: FlexWrap,
    pub justify_content: JustifyContent,
    pub align_items: AlignItems,
    pub align_content: AlignContent,
    pub row_gap: f32,
    pub column_gap: f32,
    // Flex item properties
    pub flex_grow: f32,
    pub flex_shrink: f32,
    pub flex_basis: LengthOrAuto,
    pub align_self: AlignSelf,
    pub order: i32,
}

impl LayoutBox {
    fn new(box_type: BoxType, style: &ComputedStyle) -> Self {
        LayoutBox {
            box_type,
            display: style.display,
            rect: Rect::default(),
            margin: EdgeSizes::default(),
            padding: EdgeSizes::default(),
            border: EdgeSizes::default(),
            children: Vec::new(),
            font_size: style.font_size,
            lines: Vec::new(),
            color: style.color,
            background_color: style.background_color,
            text_decoration: style.text_decoration,
            border_styles: [
                style.border_top_style,
                style.border_right_style,
                style.border_bottom_style,
                style.border_left_style,
            ],
            border_colors: [
                style.border_top_color,
                style.border_right_color,
                style.border_bottom_color,
                style.border_left_color,
            ],
            text_align: style.text_align,
            line_height: style.line_height,
            replaced_size: None,
            position: style.position,
            z_index: style.z_index,
            relative_offset: (0.0, 0.0),
            overflow: style.overflow,
            box_sizing: style.box_sizing,
            css_width: style.width,
            css_height: style.height,
            css_margin: [
                style.margin_top,
                style.margin_right,
                style.margin_bottom,
                style.margin_left,
            ],
            css_padding: [
                style.padding_top,
                style.padding_right,
                style.padding_bottom,
                style.padding_left,
            ],
            css_offsets: [style.top, style.right, style.bottom, style.left],
            visibility: style.visibility,
            content_height: 0.0,
            flex_direction: style.flex_direction,
            flex_wrap: style.flex_wrap,
            justify_content: style.justify_content,
            align_items: style.align_items,
            align_content: style.align_content,
            row_gap: style.row_gap,
            column_gap: style.column_gap,
            flex_grow: style.flex_grow,
            flex_shrink: style.flex_shrink,
            flex_basis: style.flex_basis,
            align_self: style.align_self,
            order: style.order,
        }
    }

    /// Total height including margin, border, and padding.
    pub fn margin_box_height(&self) -> f32 {
        self.margin.top
            + self.border.top
            + self.padding.top
            + self.rect.height
            + self.padding.bottom
            + self.border.bottom
            + self.margin.bottom
    }

    /// Iterate over all boxes in depth-first pre-order.
    pub fn iter(&self) -> LayoutBoxIter<'_> {
        LayoutBoxIter { stack: vec![self] }
    }
}

/// Depth-first pre-order iterator over layout boxes.
pub struct LayoutBoxIter<'a> {
    stack: Vec<&'a LayoutBox>,
}

impl<'a> Iterator for LayoutBoxIter<'a> {
    type Item = &'a LayoutBox;

    fn next(&mut self) -> Option<&'a LayoutBox> {
        let node = self.stack.pop()?;
        for child in node.children.iter().rev() {
            self.stack.push(child);
        }
        Some(node)
    }
}

/// The result of laying out a document.
#[derive(Debug)]
pub struct LayoutTree {
    pub root: LayoutBox,
    pub width: f32,
    pub height: f32,
}

impl LayoutTree {
    /// Iterate over all layout boxes in depth-first pre-order.
    pub fn iter(&self) -> LayoutBoxIter<'_> {
        self.root.iter()
    }
}

// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Resolve LengthOrAuto to f32
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

/// Resolve a `LengthOrAuto` to px. Percentages are resolved against
/// `reference` (typically the containing block width). Auto resolves to 0.
fn resolve_length_against(value: LengthOrAuto, reference: f32) -> f32 {
    match value {
        LengthOrAuto::Length(px) => px,
        LengthOrAuto::Percentage(p) => p / 100.0 * reference,
        LengthOrAuto::Auto => 0.0,
    }
}

/// Resolve horizontal offset for `position: relative`.
/// If both `left` and `right` are specified, `left` wins (CSS2 §9.4.3, ltr).
fn resolve_relative_horizontal(left: LengthOrAuto, right: LengthOrAuto, cb_width: f32) -> f32 {
    match left {
        LengthOrAuto::Length(px) => px,
        LengthOrAuto::Percentage(p) => p / 100.0 * cb_width,
        LengthOrAuto::Auto => match right {
            LengthOrAuto::Length(px) => -px,
            LengthOrAuto::Percentage(p) => -(p / 100.0 * cb_width),
            LengthOrAuto::Auto => 0.0,
        },
    }
}

/// Resolve vertical offset for `position: relative`.
/// If both `top` and `bottom` are specified, `top` wins (CSS2 §9.4.3).
fn resolve_relative_vertical(top: LengthOrAuto, bottom: LengthOrAuto, cb_height: f32) -> f32 {
    match top {
        LengthOrAuto::Length(px) => px,
        LengthOrAuto::Percentage(p) => p / 100.0 * cb_height,
        LengthOrAuto::Auto => match bottom {
            LengthOrAuto::Length(px) => -px,
            LengthOrAuto::Percentage(p) => -(p / 100.0 * cb_height),
            LengthOrAuto::Auto => 0.0,
        },
    }
}

// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Build layout tree from styled tree
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

fn build_box(
    styled: &StyledNode,
    doc: &Document,
    image_sizes: &HashMap<NodeId, (f32, f32)>,
) -> Option<LayoutBox> {
    let node = styled.node;
    let style = &styled.style;

    match doc.node_data(node) {
        NodeData::Document => {
            let mut children = Vec::new();
            for child in &styled.children {
                if let Some(child_box) = build_box(child, doc, image_sizes) {
                    children.push(child_box);
                }
            }
            if children.len() == 1 {
                children.into_iter().next()
            } else if children.is_empty() {
                None
            } else {
                let mut b = LayoutBox::new(BoxType::Anonymous, style);
                b.children = children;
                Some(b)
            }
        }
        NodeData::Element { .. } => {
            if style.display == Display::None {
                return None;
            }

            // Margin and padding: resolve absolute lengths now; percentages
            // will be re-resolved in compute_layout against containing block.
            // Use 0.0 as a placeholder reference for percentages — they'll be
            // resolved properly in compute_layout.
            let margin = EdgeSizes {
                top: resolve_length_against(style.margin_top, 0.0),
                right: resolve_length_against(style.margin_right, 0.0),
                bottom: resolve_length_against(style.margin_bottom, 0.0),
                left: resolve_length_against(style.margin_left, 0.0),
            };
            let padding = EdgeSizes {
                top: resolve_length_against(style.padding_top, 0.0),
                right: resolve_length_against(style.padding_right, 0.0),
                bottom: resolve_length_against(style.padding_bottom, 0.0),
                left: resolve_length_against(style.padding_left, 0.0),
            };
            let border = EdgeSizes {
                top: if style.border_top_style != BorderStyle::None {
                    style.border_top_width
                } else {
                    0.0
                },
                right: if style.border_right_style != BorderStyle::None {
                    style.border_right_width
                } else {
                    0.0
                },
                bottom: if style.border_bottom_style != BorderStyle::None {
                    style.border_bottom_width
                } else {
                    0.0
                },
                left: if style.border_left_style != BorderStyle::None {
                    style.border_left_width
                } else {
                    0.0
                },
            };

            let mut children = Vec::new();
            for child in &styled.children {
                if let Some(child_box) = build_box(child, doc, image_sizes) {
                    children.push(child_box);
                }
            }

            let box_type = match style.display {
                Display::Block | Display::Flex | Display::InlineFlex => BoxType::Block(node),
                Display::Inline => BoxType::Inline(node),
                Display::None => unreachable!(),
            };

            if style.display == Display::Block {
                children = normalize_children(children, style);
            }

            let mut b = LayoutBox::new(box_type, style);
            b.margin = margin;
            b.padding = padding;
            b.border = border;
            b.children = children;

            // Check for replaced element (e.g., <img>).
            if let Some(&(w, h)) = image_sizes.get(&node) {
                b.replaced_size = Some((w, h));
            }

            // Relative position offsets are resolved in compute_layout
            // where the containing block dimensions are known.

            Some(b)
        }
        NodeData::Text { data } => {
            let collapsed = collapse_whitespace(data);
            if collapsed.is_empty() {
                return None;
            }
            Some(LayoutBox::new(
                BoxType::TextRun {
                    node,
                    text: collapsed,
                },
                style,
            ))
        }
        NodeData::Comment { .. } => None,
    }
}

/// Collapse runs of whitespace to a single space.
fn collapse_whitespace(s: &str) -> String {
    let mut result = String::new();
    let mut in_ws = false;
    for ch in s.chars() {
        if ch.is_whitespace() {
            if !in_ws {
                result.push(' ');
            }
            in_ws = true;
        } else {
            in_ws = false;
            result.push(ch);
        }
    }
    result
}

/// If a block container has a mix of block-level and inline-level children,
/// wrap consecutive inline runs in anonymous block boxes.
/// Out-of-flow elements (absolute/fixed) are excluded from the determination
/// and placed at the top level without affecting normalization.
fn normalize_children(children: Vec<LayoutBox>, parent_style: &ComputedStyle) -> Vec<LayoutBox> {
    if children.is_empty() {
        return children;
    }

    // Only consider in-flow children for block/inline normalization.
    let has_block = children.iter().any(|c| is_in_flow(c) && is_block_level(c));
    if !has_block {
        return children;
    }

    let has_inline = children.iter().any(|c| is_in_flow(c) && !is_block_level(c));
    if !has_inline {
        return children;
    }

    let mut result = Vec::new();
    let mut inline_group: Vec<LayoutBox> = Vec::new();

    for child in children {
        if !is_in_flow(&child) || is_block_level(&child) {
            // Out-of-flow or block-level: flush any pending inline group first.
            if !inline_group.is_empty() {
                let mut anon = LayoutBox::new(BoxType::Anonymous, parent_style);
                anon.children = std::mem::take(&mut inline_group);
                result.push(anon);
            }
            result.push(child);
        } else {
            inline_group.push(child);
        }
    }

    if !inline_group.is_empty() {
        let mut anon = LayoutBox::new(BoxType::Anonymous, parent_style);
        anon.children = inline_group;
        result.push(anon);
    }

    result
}

fn is_block_level(b: &LayoutBox) -> bool {
    matches!(b.box_type, BoxType::Block(_) | BoxType::Anonymous)
}

/// Returns `true` if this box is in normal flow (not absolutely or fixed positioned).
fn is_in_flow(b: &LayoutBox) -> bool {
    b.position != Position::Absolute && b.position != Position::Fixed
}

// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Layout algorithm
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

/// Position and size a layout box within `available_width` at position (`x`, `y`).
///
/// `available_width` is the containing block width — used as the reference for
/// percentage widths, margins, and paddings (per CSS spec, even vertical margins/
/// padding resolve against the containing block width).
///
/// `abs_cb` is the padding box of the nearest positioned ancestor, used as the
/// containing block for absolutely positioned descendants.
#[allow(clippy::too_many_arguments)]
fn compute_layout(
    b: &mut LayoutBox,
    x: f32,
    y: f32,
    available_width: f32,
    viewport_width: f32,
    viewport_height: f32,
    font: &Font,
    doc: &Document,
    abs_cb: Rect,
) {
    // Resolve percentage margins against containing block width.
    // Only re-resolve percentages — absolute margins may have been modified
    // by margin collapsing and must not be overwritten.
    if matches!(b.css_margin[0], LengthOrAuto::Percentage(_)) {
        b.margin.top = resolve_length_against(b.css_margin[0], available_width);
    }
    if matches!(b.css_margin[1], LengthOrAuto::Percentage(_)) {
        b.margin.right = resolve_length_against(b.css_margin[1], available_width);
    }
    if matches!(b.css_margin[2], LengthOrAuto::Percentage(_)) {
        b.margin.bottom = resolve_length_against(b.css_margin[2], available_width);
    }
    if matches!(b.css_margin[3], LengthOrAuto::Percentage(_)) {
        b.margin.left = resolve_length_against(b.css_margin[3], available_width);
    }

    // Resolve percentage padding against containing block width.
    if matches!(b.css_padding[0], LengthOrAuto::Percentage(_)) {
        b.padding.top = resolve_length_against(b.css_padding[0], available_width);
    }
    if matches!(b.css_padding[1], LengthOrAuto::Percentage(_)) {
        b.padding.right = resolve_length_against(b.css_padding[1], available_width);
    }
    if matches!(b.css_padding[2], LengthOrAuto::Percentage(_)) {
        b.padding.bottom = resolve_length_against(b.css_padding[2], available_width);
    }
    if matches!(b.css_padding[3], LengthOrAuto::Percentage(_)) {
        b.padding.left = resolve_length_against(b.css_padding[3], available_width);
    }

    let content_x = x + b.margin.left + b.border.left + b.padding.left;
    let content_y = y + b.margin.top + b.border.top + b.padding.top;

    let horizontal_extra = b.border.left + b.border.right + b.padding.left + b.padding.right;

    // Resolve content width: explicit CSS width (adjusted for box-sizing) or auto.
    let content_width = match b.css_width {
        LengthOrAuto::Length(w) => match b.box_sizing {
            BoxSizing::ContentBox => w.max(0.0),
            BoxSizing::BorderBox => (w - horizontal_extra).max(0.0),
        },
        LengthOrAuto::Percentage(p) => {
            let resolved = p / 100.0 * available_width;
            match b.box_sizing {
                BoxSizing::ContentBox => resolved.max(0.0),
                BoxSizing::BorderBox => (resolved - horizontal_extra).max(0.0),
            }
        }
        LengthOrAuto::Auto => {
            (available_width - b.margin.left - b.margin.right - horizontal_extra).max(0.0)
        }
    };

    b.rect.x = content_x;
    b.rect.y = content_y;
    b.rect.width = content_width;

    // For overflow:scroll, reserve space for vertical scrollbar.
    if b.overflow == Overflow::Scroll {
        b.rect.width = (b.rect.width - SCROLLBAR_WIDTH).max(0.0);
    }

    // Replaced elements (e.g., <img>) have intrinsic dimensions.
    if let Some((rw, rh)) = b.replaced_size {
        b.rect.width = rw.min(b.rect.width);
        b.rect.height = rh;
        layout_abspos_children(b, abs_cb, viewport_width, viewport_height, font, doc);
        apply_relative_offset(b, available_width, viewport_height);
        return;
    }

    match &b.box_type {
        BoxType::Block(_) | BoxType::Anonymous => {
            if matches!(b.display, Display::Flex | Display::InlineFlex) {
                layout_flex_children(b, viewport_width, viewport_height, font, doc, abs_cb);
            } else if has_block_children(b) {
                layout_block_children(b, viewport_width, viewport_height, font, doc, abs_cb);
            } else {
                layout_inline_children(b, font, doc);
            }
        }
        BoxType::TextRun { .. } | BoxType::Inline(_) => {
            // Handled by the parent's inline layout.
        }
    }

    // Save the natural content height before CSS height override.
    b.content_height = b.rect.height;

    // Apply explicit CSS height (adjusted for box-sizing), overriding auto height.
    match b.css_height {
        LengthOrAuto::Length(h) => {
            let vertical_extra = b.border.top + b.border.bottom + b.padding.top + b.padding.bottom;
            b.rect.height = match b.box_sizing {
                BoxSizing::ContentBox => h.max(0.0),
                BoxSizing::BorderBox => (h - vertical_extra).max(0.0),
            };
        }
        LengthOrAuto::Percentage(p) => {
            // Height percentage resolves against containing block height.
            // For the root element, use viewport height.
            let cb_height = viewport_height;
            let resolved = p / 100.0 * cb_height;
            let vertical_extra = b.border.top + b.border.bottom + b.padding.top + b.padding.bottom;
            b.rect.height = match b.box_sizing {
                BoxSizing::ContentBox => resolved.max(0.0),
                BoxSizing::BorderBox => (resolved - vertical_extra).max(0.0),
            };
        }
        LengthOrAuto::Auto => {}
    }

    // Layout absolutely and fixed positioned children after this box's
    // dimensions are fully resolved.
    layout_abspos_children(b, abs_cb, viewport_width, viewport_height, font, doc);

    apply_relative_offset(b, available_width, viewport_height);
}

/// Apply `position: relative` offset to a box and all its descendants.
///
/// Resolves the CSS position offsets (which may contain percentages) and
/// shifts the visual position without affecting the normal-flow layout.
fn apply_relative_offset(b: &mut LayoutBox, cb_width: f32, cb_height: f32) {
    if b.position != Position::Relative {
        return;
    }
    let [top, right, bottom, left] = b.css_offsets;
    let dx = resolve_relative_horizontal(left, right, cb_width);
    let dy = resolve_relative_vertical(top, bottom, cb_height);
    b.relative_offset = (dx, dy);
    if dx == 0.0 && dy == 0.0 {
        return;
    }
    shift_box(b, dx, dy);
}

/// Recursively shift a box and all its descendants by (dx, dy).
fn shift_box(b: &mut LayoutBox, dx: f32, dy: f32) {
    b.rect.x += dx;
    b.rect.y += dy;
    for line in &mut b.lines {
        line.x += dx;
        line.y += dy;
    }
    for child in &mut b.children {
        shift_box(child, dx, dy);
    }
}

// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Absolute / fixed positioning
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

/// Resolve a `LengthOrAuto` offset to an optional pixel value.
/// Returns `None` for `Auto` (offset not specified).
fn resolve_offset(value: LengthOrAuto, reference: f32) -> Option<f32> {
    match value {
        LengthOrAuto::Length(px) => Some(px),
        LengthOrAuto::Percentage(p) => Some(p / 100.0 * reference),
        LengthOrAuto::Auto => None,
    }
}

/// Compute the padding box rectangle for a layout box.
fn padding_box_rect(b: &LayoutBox) -> Rect {
    Rect {
        x: b.rect.x - b.padding.left,
        y: b.rect.y - b.padding.top,
        width: b.rect.width + b.padding.left + b.padding.right,
        height: b.rect.height + b.padding.top + b.padding.bottom,
    }
}

/// Lay out all absolutely and fixed positioned children of `parent`.
///
/// `abs_cb` is the padding box of the nearest positioned ancestor passed from
/// further up the tree. If `parent` itself is positioned (not `static`), its
/// padding box becomes the new containing block for absolute descendants.
fn layout_abspos_children(
    parent: &mut LayoutBox,
    abs_cb: Rect,
    viewport_width: f32,
    viewport_height: f32,
    font: &Font,
    doc: &Document,
) {
    let viewport_cb = Rect {
        x: 0.0,
        y: 0.0,
        width: viewport_width,
        height: viewport_height,
    };

    // If this box is positioned, it becomes the containing block for absolute
    // descendants.
    let new_abs_cb = if parent.position != Position::Static {
        padding_box_rect(parent)
    } else {
        abs_cb
    };

    for i in 0..parent.children.len() {
        if parent.children[i].position == Position::Absolute {
            layout_absolute_child(
                &mut parent.children[i],
                new_abs_cb,
                viewport_width,
                viewport_height,
                font,
                doc,
            );
        } else if parent.children[i].position == Position::Fixed {
            layout_absolute_child(
                &mut parent.children[i],
                viewport_cb,
                viewport_width,
                viewport_height,
                font,
                doc,
            );
        }
    }
}

/// Lay out a single absolutely or fixed positioned element.
///
/// `cb` is the containing block (padding box of nearest positioned ancestor
/// for absolute, or the viewport for fixed).
fn layout_absolute_child(
    child: &mut LayoutBox,
    cb: Rect,
    viewport_width: f32,
    viewport_height: f32,
    font: &Font,
    doc: &Document,
) {
    let [css_top, css_right, css_bottom, css_left] = child.css_offsets;

    // Resolve margins against containing block width.
    child.margin = EdgeSizes {
        top: resolve_length_against(child.css_margin[0], cb.width),
        right: resolve_length_against(child.css_margin[1], cb.width),
        bottom: resolve_length_against(child.css_margin[2], cb.width),
        left: resolve_length_against(child.css_margin[3], cb.width),
    };

    // Resolve padding against containing block width.
    child.padding = EdgeSizes {
        top: resolve_length_against(child.css_padding[0], cb.width),
        right: resolve_length_against(child.css_padding[1], cb.width),
        bottom: resolve_length_against(child.css_padding[2], cb.width),
        left: resolve_length_against(child.css_padding[3], cb.width),
    };

    let horiz_extra =
        child.border.left + child.border.right + child.padding.left + child.padding.right;
    let vert_extra =
        child.border.top + child.border.bottom + child.padding.top + child.padding.bottom;

    // Resolve offsets.
    let left_offset = resolve_offset(css_left, cb.width);
    let right_offset = resolve_offset(css_right, cb.width);
    let top_offset = resolve_offset(css_top, cb.height);
    let bottom_offset = resolve_offset(css_bottom, cb.height);

    // --- Resolve content width ---
    let content_width = match child.css_width {
        LengthOrAuto::Length(w) => match child.box_sizing {
            BoxSizing::ContentBox => w.max(0.0),
            BoxSizing::BorderBox => (w - horiz_extra).max(0.0),
        },
        LengthOrAuto::Percentage(p) => {
            let resolved = p / 100.0 * cb.width;
            match child.box_sizing {
                BoxSizing::ContentBox => resolved.max(0.0),
                BoxSizing::BorderBox => (resolved - horiz_extra).max(0.0),
            }
        }
        LengthOrAuto::Auto => {
            // If both left and right are specified, stretch to fill.
            if let (Some(l), Some(r)) = (left_offset, right_offset) {
                (cb.width - l - r - child.margin.left - child.margin.right - horiz_extra).max(0.0)
            } else {
                // Use available width minus margins.
                (cb.width - child.margin.left - child.margin.right - horiz_extra).max(0.0)
            }
        }
    };

    child.rect.width = content_width;

    // --- Resolve horizontal position ---
    child.rect.x = if let Some(l) = left_offset {
        cb.x + l + child.margin.left + child.border.left + child.padding.left
    } else if let Some(r) = right_offset {
        cb.x + cb.width
            - r
            - child.margin.right
            - child.border.right
            - child.padding.right
            - content_width
    } else {
        // Static position: containing block origin.
        cb.x + child.margin.left + child.border.left + child.padding.left
    };

    // Set a temporary y for child content layout.
    child.rect.y = cb.y;

    // For overflow:scroll, reserve scrollbar width.
    if child.overflow == Overflow::Scroll {
        child.rect.width = (child.rect.width - SCROLLBAR_WIDTH).max(0.0);
    }

    // --- Layout child's own content ---
    if let Some((rw, rh)) = child.replaced_size {
        child.rect.width = rw.min(child.rect.width);
        child.rect.height = rh;
    } else {
        let child_abs_cb = if child.position != Position::Static {
            padding_box_rect(child)
        } else {
            cb
        };
        match &child.box_type {
            BoxType::Block(_) | BoxType::Anonymous => {
                if matches!(child.display, Display::Flex | Display::InlineFlex) {
                    layout_flex_children(
                        child,
                        viewport_width,
                        viewport_height,
                        font,
                        doc,
                        child_abs_cb,
                    );
                } else if has_block_children(child) {
                    layout_block_children(
                        child,
                        viewport_width,
                        viewport_height,
                        font,
                        doc,
                        child_abs_cb,
                    );
                } else {
                    layout_inline_children(child, font, doc);
                }
            }
            _ => {}
        }
    }

    // Save natural content height.
    child.content_height = child.rect.height;

    // --- Resolve content height ---
    match child.css_height {
        LengthOrAuto::Length(h) => {
            child.rect.height = match child.box_sizing {
                BoxSizing::ContentBox => h.max(0.0),
                BoxSizing::BorderBox => (h - vert_extra).max(0.0),
            };
        }
        LengthOrAuto::Percentage(p) => {
            let resolved = p / 100.0 * cb.height;
            child.rect.height = match child.box_sizing {
                BoxSizing::ContentBox => resolved.max(0.0),
                BoxSizing::BorderBox => (resolved - vert_extra).max(0.0),
            };
        }
        LengthOrAuto::Auto => {
            // If both top and bottom are specified, stretch.
            if let (Some(t), Some(b_val)) = (top_offset, bottom_offset) {
                child.rect.height =
                    (cb.height - t - b_val - child.margin.top - child.margin.bottom - vert_extra)
                        .max(0.0);
            }
            // Otherwise keep content height.
        }
    }

    // --- Resolve vertical position ---
    let final_y = if let Some(t) = top_offset {
        cb.y + t + child.margin.top + child.border.top + child.padding.top
    } else if let Some(b_val) = bottom_offset {
        cb.y + cb.height
            - b_val
            - child.margin.bottom
            - child.border.bottom
            - child.padding.bottom
            - child.rect.height
    } else {
        // Static position: containing block origin.
        cb.y + child.margin.top + child.border.top + child.padding.top
    };

    // Shift from temporary y to final y.
    let dy = final_y - child.rect.y;
    if dy != 0.0 {
        shift_box(child, 0.0, dy);
    }

    // Recursively lay out any absolutely positioned grandchildren.
    let new_abs_cb = if child.position != Position::Static {
        padding_box_rect(child)
    } else {
        cb
    };
    layout_abspos_children(
        child,
        new_abs_cb,
        viewport_width,
        viewport_height,
        font,
        doc,
    );
}

fn has_block_children(b: &LayoutBox) -> bool {
    b.children
        .iter()
        .any(|c| is_in_flow(c) && is_block_level(c))
}

/// Collapse two adjoining margins per CSS2 §8.3.1.
///
/// Both non-negative → use the larger.
/// Both negative → use the more negative.
/// Mixed → sum the largest positive and most negative.
fn collapse_margins(a: f32, b: f32) -> f32 {
    if a >= 0.0 && b >= 0.0 {
        a.max(b)
    } else if a < 0.0 && b < 0.0 {
        a.min(b)
    } else {
        a + b
    }
}

/// Returns `true` if this box establishes a new block formatting context,
/// which prevents its margins from collapsing with children.
fn establishes_bfc(b: &LayoutBox) -> bool {
    b.overflow != Overflow::Visible || matches!(b.display, Display::Flex | Display::InlineFlex)
}

/// Returns `true` if a block box has no in-flow content (empty block).
fn is_empty_block(b: &LayoutBox) -> bool {
    b.children.is_empty()
        && b.lines.is_empty()
        && b.replaced_size.is_none()
        && matches!(b.css_height, LengthOrAuto::Auto)
}

/// Pre-collapse parent-child margins (CSS2 §8.3.1).
///
/// When a parent has no border/padding/BFC separating it from its first/last
/// child, the child's margin collapses into the parent's margin.  This must
/// happen *before* positioning so the parent is placed using the collapsed
/// value.  The function walks bottom-up: children are pre-collapsed first, then
/// their (possibly enlarged) margins are folded into the parent.
fn pre_collapse_margins(b: &mut LayoutBox) {
    // Recurse into in-flow block children first (bottom-up).
    for child in &mut b.children {
        if is_in_flow(child) && is_block_level(child) {
            pre_collapse_margins(child);
        }
    }

    if !matches!(b.box_type, BoxType::Block(_) | BoxType::Anonymous) {
        return;
    }
    if establishes_bfc(b) {
        return;
    }
    if !has_block_children(b) {
        return;
    }

    // --- Top: collapse with first non-empty child ---
    if b.border.top == 0.0 && b.padding.top == 0.0 {
        if let Some(child_top) = first_block_top_margin(&b.children) {
            b.margin.top = collapse_margins(b.margin.top, child_top);
        }
    }

    // --- Bottom: collapse with last non-empty child ---
    if b.border.bottom == 0.0 && b.padding.bottom == 0.0 {
        if let Some(child_bottom) = last_block_bottom_margin(&b.children) {
            b.margin.bottom = collapse_margins(b.margin.bottom, child_bottom);
        }
    }
}

/// Top margin of the first non-empty in-flow block child (already pre-collapsed).
fn first_block_top_margin(children: &[LayoutBox]) -> Option<f32> {
    for child in children {
        if is_in_flow(child) && is_block_level(child) {
            if is_empty_block(child) {
                continue;
            }
            return Some(child.margin.top);
        }
    }
    // All in-flow block children empty — fold all their collapsed margins.
    let mut m = 0.0f32;
    for child in children
        .iter()
        .filter(|c| is_in_flow(c) && is_block_level(c))
    {
        m = collapse_margins(m, collapse_margins(child.margin.top, child.margin.bottom));
    }
    if m != 0.0 {
        Some(m)
    } else {
        None
    }
}

/// Bottom margin of the last non-empty in-flow block child (already pre-collapsed).
fn last_block_bottom_margin(children: &[LayoutBox]) -> Option<f32> {
    for child in children.iter().rev() {
        if is_in_flow(child) && is_block_level(child) {
            if is_empty_block(child) {
                continue;
            }
            return Some(child.margin.bottom);
        }
    }
    let mut m = 0.0f32;
    for child in children
        .iter()
        .filter(|c| is_in_flow(c) && is_block_level(c))
    {
        m = collapse_margins(m, collapse_margins(child.margin.top, child.margin.bottom));
    }
    if m != 0.0 {
        Some(m)
    } else {
        None
    }
}

/// Lay out block-level children with vertical margin collapsing (CSS2 §8.3.1).
///
/// Handles adjacent-sibling collapsing, empty-block collapsing, and
/// parent-child internal spacing (the parent's external margins were already
/// updated by `pre_collapse_margins`).
fn layout_block_children(
    parent: &mut LayoutBox,
    viewport_width: f32,
    viewport_height: f32,
    font: &Font,
    doc: &Document,
    abs_cb: Rect,
) {
    let content_x = parent.rect.x;
    let content_width = parent.rect.width;
    let mut cursor_y = parent.rect.y;

    let parent_top_open =
        parent.border.top == 0.0 && parent.padding.top == 0.0 && !establishes_bfc(parent);
    let parent_bottom_open =
        parent.border.bottom == 0.0 && parent.padding.bottom == 0.0 && !establishes_bfc(parent);

    // Pending bottom margin from the previous sibling.
    let mut pending_margin: Option<f32> = None;
    let child_count = parent.children.len();
    // Track whether we've seen any in-flow children (for parent_top_open).
    let mut first_in_flow = true;

    for i in 0..child_count {
        // Skip out-of-flow children (absolute/fixed) — they are laid out
        // separately in layout_abspos_children.
        if !is_in_flow(&parent.children[i]) {
            continue;
        }

        let child_top_margin = parent.children[i].margin.top;
        let child_bottom_margin = parent.children[i].margin.bottom;

        // --- Empty block: top+bottom margins self-collapse ---
        if is_empty_block(&parent.children[i]) {
            let self_collapsed = collapse_margins(child_top_margin, child_bottom_margin);
            pending_margin = Some(match pending_margin {
                Some(prev) => collapse_margins(prev, self_collapsed),
                None => self_collapsed,
            });
            // Position at cursor_y with zero height.
            let child = &mut parent.children[i];
            child.rect.x = content_x + child.border.left + child.padding.left;
            child.rect.y = cursor_y + child.border.top + child.padding.top;
            child.rect.width = (content_width
                - child.border.left
                - child.border.right
                - child.padding.left
                - child.padding.right)
                .max(0.0);
            child.rect.height = 0.0;
            first_in_flow = false;
            continue;
        }

        // --- Compute effective top spacing ---
        let collapsed_top = if let Some(prev_bottom) = pending_margin.take() {
            // Sibling collapsing: previous bottom vs this top.
            collapse_margins(prev_bottom, child_top_margin)
        } else if first_in_flow && parent_top_open {
            // First child, parent top open: margin was already pulled into
            // parent by pre_collapse_margins — no internal spacing.
            0.0
        } else {
            child_top_margin
        };

        // `compute_layout` adds `child.margin.top` internally, so compensate.
        let y_for_child = cursor_y + collapsed_top - child_top_margin;
        compute_layout(
            &mut parent.children[i],
            content_x,
            y_for_child,
            content_width,
            viewport_width,
            viewport_height,
            font,
            doc,
            abs_cb,
        );

        let child = &parent.children[i];
        // Use the normal-flow position (before relative offset) so that
        // `position: relative` does not affect sibling placement.
        let (_, rel_dy) = child.relative_offset;
        cursor_y = (child.rect.y - rel_dy)
            + child.rect.height
            + child.padding.bottom
            + child.border.bottom;
        pending_margin = Some(child_bottom_margin);
        first_in_flow = false;
    }

    // Trailing margin.
    if let Some(trailing) = pending_margin {
        if !parent_bottom_open {
            // Parent has border/padding at bottom — margin stays inside.
            cursor_y += trailing;
        }
        // If parent_bottom_open, the margin was already pulled into the
        // parent by pre_collapse_margins.
    }

    parent.rect.height = cursor_y - parent.rect.y;
}

// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Flex layout
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

/// Measure the intrinsic max-content width of a flex item's content.
/// Returns the width needed to lay out content without wrapping.
fn measure_flex_item_max_content_width(child: &LayoutBox, font: &Font, _doc: &Document) -> f32 {
    // Measure the widest text line from all inline content.
    let mut max_width = 0.0f32;
    measure_box_content_width(child, font, &mut max_width);
    max_width
}

/// Recursively measure max content width of a layout box tree.
fn measure_box_content_width(b: &LayoutBox, font: &Font, max_w: &mut f32) {
    match &b.box_type {
        BoxType::TextRun { text, .. } => {
            let w = measure_text_width(font, text, b.font_size);
            if w > *max_w {
                *max_w = w;
            }
        }
        _ => {
            let horiz = b.border.left + b.border.right + b.padding.left + b.padding.right;
            let mut child_max = 0.0f32;
            for child in &b.children {
                measure_box_content_width(child, font, &mut child_max);
            }
            let total = child_max + horiz;
            if total > *max_w {
                *max_w = total;
            }
        }
    }
}

/// Lay out children according to the CSS Flexbox algorithm (Level 1 §9).
fn layout_flex_children(
    parent: &mut LayoutBox,
    viewport_width: f32,
    viewport_height: f32,
    font: &Font,
    doc: &Document,
    abs_cb: Rect,
) {
    let flex_direction = parent.flex_direction;
    let flex_wrap = parent.flex_wrap;
    let justify_content = parent.justify_content;
    let align_items = parent.align_items;
    let align_content = parent.align_content;
    let container_main_size = match flex_direction {
        FlexDirection::Row | FlexDirection::RowReverse => parent.rect.width,
        FlexDirection::Column | FlexDirection::ColumnReverse => {
            match parent.css_height {
                LengthOrAuto::Length(h) => h,
                LengthOrAuto::Percentage(p) => p / 100.0 * viewport_height,
                LengthOrAuto::Auto => viewport_height, // fallback
            }
        }
    };
    let container_cross_size = match flex_direction {
        FlexDirection::Row | FlexDirection::RowReverse => match parent.css_height {
            LengthOrAuto::Length(h) => Some(h),
            LengthOrAuto::Percentage(p) => Some(p / 100.0 * viewport_height),
            LengthOrAuto::Auto => None,
        },
        FlexDirection::Column | FlexDirection::ColumnReverse => Some(parent.rect.width),
    };

    let is_row = matches!(
        flex_direction,
        FlexDirection::Row | FlexDirection::RowReverse
    );
    let is_reverse = matches!(
        flex_direction,
        FlexDirection::RowReverse | FlexDirection::ColumnReverse
    );

    // Per CSS Box Alignment §8, row-gap applies between rows and column-gap
    // between columns.  In a row flex container the main axis is horizontal
    // (column-gap between items, row-gap between lines).  In a column flex
    // container the axes are swapped.
    let (main_gap, cross_gap) = if is_row {
        (parent.column_gap, parent.row_gap)
    } else {
        (parent.row_gap, parent.column_gap)
    };

    if parent.children.is_empty() {
        parent.rect.height = 0.0;
        return;
    }

    // Sort children by `order` (stable sort preserves DOM order for equal values).
    let child_count = parent.children.len();
    let mut order_indices: Vec<usize> = (0..child_count).collect();
    order_indices.sort_by_key(|&i| parent.children[i].order);

    // Step 1: Determine flex base sizes and hypothetical main sizes.
    struct FlexItemInfo {
        index: usize,
        base_size: f32,
        hypothetical_main: f32,
        flex_grow: f32,
        flex_shrink: f32,
        frozen: bool,
        target_main: f32,
        outer_main: f32,  // margin+border+padding on main axis
        outer_cross: f32, // margin+border+padding on cross axis
    }

    let mut items: Vec<FlexItemInfo> = Vec::with_capacity(child_count);

    for &idx in &order_indices {
        // Skip out-of-flow children (absolute/fixed).
        if !is_in_flow(&parent.children[idx]) {
            continue;
        }
        let child = &mut parent.children[idx];

        // Resolve margin/padding percentages for the child.
        let cb_width = if is_row {
            container_main_size
        } else {
            container_cross_size.unwrap_or(parent.rect.width)
        };

        // Resolve percentage margins and padding against containing block width.
        for i in 0..4 {
            if matches!(child.css_margin[i], LengthOrAuto::Percentage(_)) {
                let resolved = resolve_length_against(child.css_margin[i], cb_width);
                match i {
                    0 => child.margin.top = resolved,
                    1 => child.margin.right = resolved,
                    2 => child.margin.bottom = resolved,
                    3 => child.margin.left = resolved,
                    _ => {}
                }
            }
            if matches!(child.css_padding[i], LengthOrAuto::Percentage(_)) {
                let resolved = resolve_length_against(child.css_padding[i], cb_width);
                match i {
                    0 => child.padding.top = resolved,
                    1 => child.padding.right = resolved,
                    2 => child.padding.bottom = resolved,
                    3 => child.padding.left = resolved,
                    _ => {}
                }
            }
        }

        let margin_main = if is_row {
            child.margin.left + child.margin.right
        } else {
            child.margin.top + child.margin.bottom
        };
        let border_padding_main = if is_row {
            child.border.left + child.border.right + child.padding.left + child.padding.right
        } else {
            child.border.top + child.border.bottom + child.padding.top + child.padding.bottom
        };
        let margin_cross = if is_row {
            child.margin.top + child.margin.bottom
        } else {
            child.margin.left + child.margin.right
        };
        let border_padding_cross = if is_row {
            child.border.top + child.border.bottom + child.padding.top + child.padding.bottom
        } else {
            child.border.left + child.border.right + child.padding.left + child.padding.right
        };

        // Determine flex-basis.
        let flex_basis = child.flex_basis;
        let specified_main = if is_row {
            child.css_width
        } else {
            child.css_height
        };

        let base_size = match flex_basis {
            LengthOrAuto::Length(px) => px,
            LengthOrAuto::Percentage(p) => p / 100.0 * container_main_size,
            LengthOrAuto::Auto => {
                // Use specified main size if set, otherwise content size.
                match specified_main {
                    LengthOrAuto::Length(px) => px,
                    LengthOrAuto::Percentage(p) => p / 100.0 * container_main_size,
                    LengthOrAuto::Auto => {
                        // Content-based sizing: use max-content size.
                        if is_row {
                            measure_flex_item_max_content_width(child, font, doc)
                        } else {
                            // For column direction, measure content height.
                            let avail = container_cross_size.unwrap_or(parent.rect.width);
                            compute_layout(
                                child,
                                0.0,
                                0.0,
                                avail,
                                viewport_width,
                                viewport_height,
                                font,
                                doc,
                                abs_cb,
                            );
                            child.rect.height
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        };

        let hypothetical_main = base_size.max(0.0);
        let outer = margin_main + border_padding_main;

        items.push(FlexItemInfo {
            index: idx,
            base_size,
            hypothetical_main,
            flex_grow: child.flex_grow,
            flex_shrink: child.flex_shrink,
            frozen: false,
            target_main: hypothetical_main,
            outer_main: outer,
            outer_cross: margin_cross + border_padding_cross,
        });
    }

    // Step 2: Collect items into flex lines.
    let mut lines: Vec<Vec<usize>> = Vec::new(); // indices into `items`

    if flex_wrap == FlexWrap::Nowrap {
        // All items on one line.
        lines.push((0..items.len()).collect());
    } else {
        let mut current_line: Vec<usize> = Vec::new();
        let mut line_main_size = 0.0f32;

        for (i, item) in items.iter().enumerate() {
            let item_outer = item.hypothetical_main + item.outer_main;
            let gap = if current_line.is_empty() {
                0.0
            } else {
                main_gap
            };

            if !current_line.is_empty() && line_main_size + gap + item_outer > container_main_size {
                lines.push(std::mem::take(&mut current_line));
                line_main_size = 0.0;
            }

            if !current_line.is_empty() {
                line_main_size += main_gap;
            }
            line_main_size += item_outer;
            current_line.push(i);
        }

        if !current_line.is_empty() {
            lines.push(current_line);
        }
    }

    if flex_wrap == FlexWrap::WrapReverse {
        lines.reverse();
    }

    // Step 3: Resolve flexible lengths for each line.
    for line in &lines {
        // Total hypothetical main sizes + gaps.
        let total_gaps = if line.len() > 1 {
            (line.len() - 1) as f32 * main_gap
        } else {
            0.0
        };
        let total_outer_hypo: f32 = line
            .iter()
            .map(|&i| items[i].hypothetical_main + items[i].outer_main)
            .sum();
        let used_space = total_outer_hypo + total_gaps;
        let free_space = container_main_size - used_space;

        // Reset frozen state.
        for &i in line {
            items[i].frozen = false;
            items[i].target_main = items[i].hypothetical_main;
        }

        if free_space > 0.0 {
            // Grow items.
            let total_grow: f32 = line.iter().map(|&i| items[i].flex_grow).sum();
            if total_grow > 0.0 {
                for &i in line {
                    if items[i].flex_grow > 0.0 {
                        items[i].target_main += free_space * (items[i].flex_grow / total_grow);
                    }
                }
            }
        } else if free_space < 0.0 {
            // Shrink items.
            let total_shrink_scaled: f32 = line
                .iter()
                .map(|&i| items[i].flex_shrink * items[i].base_size)
                .sum();
            if total_shrink_scaled > 0.0 {
                for &i in line {
                    let scaled = items[i].flex_shrink * items[i].base_size;
                    let ratio = scaled / total_shrink_scaled;
                    items[i].target_main =
                        (items[i].hypothetical_main + free_space * ratio).max(0.0);
                }
            }
        }
    }

    // Step 4: Determine cross sizes of items by laying them out at their target main size.
    struct LineCrossInfo {
        max_cross: f32,
    }

    let mut line_infos: Vec<LineCrossInfo> = Vec::new();

    for line in &lines {
        let mut max_cross = 0.0f32;

        for &i in line {
            let idx = items[i].index;
            let child = &mut parent.children[idx];
            let target_main = items[i].target_main;

            // Set up the child for layout at the resolved main size.
            if is_row {
                child.css_width = LengthOrAuto::Length(target_main);
                compute_layout(
                    child,
                    0.0,
                    0.0,
                    target_main,
                    viewport_width,
                    viewport_height,
                    font,
                    doc,
                    abs_cb,
                );
                let cross = child.rect.height + items[i].outer_cross;
                if cross > max_cross {
                    max_cross = cross;
                }
            } else {
                let avail = container_cross_size.unwrap_or(parent.rect.width);
                compute_layout(
                    child,
                    0.0,
                    0.0,
                    avail,
                    viewport_width,
                    viewport_height,
                    font,
                    doc,
                    abs_cb,
                );
                child.rect.height = target_main;
                let cross = child.rect.width
                    + child.border.left
                    + child.border.right
                    + child.padding.left
                    + child.padding.right
                    + child.margin.left
                    + child.margin.right;
                if cross > max_cross {
                    max_cross = cross;
                }
            }
        }

        line_infos.push(LineCrossInfo { max_cross });
    }

    // Per CSS Flexbox §9.4: If the flex container is single-line and has a
    // definite cross size, the cross size of the flex line is the container's
    // cross size (clamped to min/max). This ensures alignment works relative
    // to the full container.
    if lines.len() == 1 {
        if let Some(cs) = container_cross_size {
            if line_infos[0].max_cross < cs {
                line_infos[0].max_cross = cs;
            }
        }
    }

    // Step 5: Handle align-items: stretch — stretch items to fill the line cross size.
    for (line_idx, line) in lines.iter().enumerate() {
        let line_cross = line_infos[line_idx].max_cross;

        for &i in line {
            let idx = items[i].index;
            let child = &mut parent.children[idx];

            let effective_align = match child.align_self {
                AlignSelf::Auto => align_items,
                AlignSelf::FlexStart => AlignItems::FlexStart,
                AlignSelf::FlexEnd => AlignItems::FlexEnd,
                AlignSelf::Center => AlignItems::Center,
                AlignSelf::Baseline => AlignItems::Baseline,
                AlignSelf::Stretch => AlignItems::Stretch,
            };

            if effective_align == AlignItems::Stretch {
                let item_cross_space = line_cross - items[i].outer_cross;
                if is_row {
                    if matches!(child.css_height, LengthOrAuto::Auto) {
                        child.rect.height = item_cross_space.max(0.0);
                    }
                } else if matches!(child.css_width, LengthOrAuto::Auto) {
                    child.rect.width = item_cross_space.max(0.0);
                }
            }
        }
    }

    // Step 6: Position items on main and cross axes.
    let total_cross_gaps = if lines.len() > 1 {
        (lines.len() - 1) as f32 * cross_gap
    } else {
        0.0
    };
    let total_line_cross: f32 = line_infos.iter().map(|li| li.max_cross).sum();
    let total_cross_used = total_line_cross + total_cross_gaps;

    // For definite cross size containers, compute align-content offsets.
    let cross_free_space = container_cross_size
        .map(|cs| (cs - total_cross_used).max(0.0))
        .unwrap_or(0.0);

    let (ac_initial_offset, ac_between_offset) = compute_content_distribution(
        align_content_to_justify(align_content),
        cross_free_space,
        lines.len(),
    );

    let mut cross_cursor = if is_row { parent.rect.y } else { parent.rect.x } + ac_initial_offset;

    for (line_idx, line) in lines.iter().enumerate() {
        let line_cross = line_infos[line_idx].max_cross;

        // Main-axis justification.
        let total_main_gaps = if line.len() > 1 {
            (line.len() - 1) as f32 * main_gap
        } else {
            0.0
        };
        let items_main: f32 = line
            .iter()
            .map(|&i| items[i].target_main + items[i].outer_main)
            .sum();
        let main_free = (container_main_size - items_main - total_main_gaps).max(0.0);

        let (jc_initial, jc_between) =
            compute_content_distribution(justify_content, main_free, line.len());

        // Determine the starting main position.
        let mut main_cursor = if is_row { parent.rect.x } else { parent.rect.y };

        if is_reverse {
            // For reverse directions, start from the end.
            main_cursor += container_main_size;
        }

        main_cursor += if is_reverse { -jc_initial } else { jc_initial };

        let line_items: Vec<usize> = if is_reverse {
            line.iter().rev().copied().collect()
        } else {
            line.to_vec()
        };

        for (item_pos, &i) in line_items.iter().enumerate() {
            let idx = items[i].index;
            let child = &mut parent.children[idx];
            let target_main = items[i].target_main;

            // Main-axis position.
            let child_main_margin_start = if is_row {
                child.margin.left
            } else {
                child.margin.top
            };
            let child_main_margin_end = if is_row {
                child.margin.right
            } else {
                child.margin.bottom
            };
            let child_main_bp_start = if is_row {
                child.border.left + child.padding.left
            } else {
                child.border.top + child.padding.top
            };
            let child_main_bp_end = if is_row {
                child.border.right + child.padding.right
            } else {
                child.border.bottom + child.padding.bottom
            };

            let outer_size = child_main_margin_start
                + child_main_bp_start
                + target_main
                + child_main_bp_end
                + child_main_margin_end;

            if is_reverse {
                main_cursor -= outer_size;
            }

            let content_main = main_cursor + child_main_margin_start + child_main_bp_start;

            // Cross-axis position.
            let child_cross_margin_start = if is_row {
                child.margin.top
            } else {
                child.margin.left
            };
            let child_cross_bp_start = if is_row {
                child.border.top + child.padding.top
            } else {
                child.border.left + child.padding.left
            };
            let child_cross_total = if is_row {
                child.rect.height + items[i].outer_cross
            } else {
                child.rect.width + items[i].outer_cross
            };

            let effective_align = match child.align_self {
                AlignSelf::Auto => align_items,
                AlignSelf::FlexStart => AlignItems::FlexStart,
                AlignSelf::FlexEnd => AlignItems::FlexEnd,
                AlignSelf::Center => AlignItems::Center,
                AlignSelf::Baseline => AlignItems::Baseline,
                AlignSelf::Stretch => AlignItems::Stretch,
            };

            let cross_offset = match effective_align {
                AlignItems::FlexStart | AlignItems::Stretch | AlignItems::Baseline => 0.0,
                AlignItems::FlexEnd => line_cross - child_cross_total,
                AlignItems::Center => (line_cross - child_cross_total) / 2.0,
            };

            let content_cross =
                cross_cursor + cross_offset + child_cross_margin_start + child_cross_bp_start;

            // Set child position.
            if is_row {
                child.rect.x = content_main;
                child.rect.y = content_cross;
                child.rect.width = target_main;
            } else {
                child.rect.x = content_cross;
                child.rect.y = content_main;
                child.rect.height = target_main;
            }

            // Shift any text lines to match new position.
            reposition_lines(child, font, doc);

            if !is_reverse {
                main_cursor += outer_size;
            }

            // Add gap between items (not after last).
            if item_pos < line_items.len() - 1 {
                if is_reverse {
                    main_cursor -= main_gap;
                } else {
                    main_cursor += main_gap;
                }
            }

            // Also add justify-content between spacing.
            if item_pos < line_items.len() - 1 {
                if is_reverse {
                    main_cursor -= jc_between;
                } else {
                    main_cursor += jc_between;
                }
            }
        }

        cross_cursor += line_cross + cross_gap + ac_between_offset;
    }

    // Set parent height based on children.
    if is_row {
        if matches!(parent.css_height, LengthOrAuto::Auto) {
            parent.rect.height = total_cross_used;
        }
    } else if matches!(parent.css_height, LengthOrAuto::Auto) {
        // For column flex, height is the main axis.
        let total_main: f32 = lines
            .iter()
            .map(|line| {
                let items_main: f32 = line
                    .iter()
                    .map(|&i| items[i].target_main + items[i].outer_main)
                    .sum();
                let gaps = if line.len() > 1 {
                    (line.len() - 1) as f32 * main_gap
                } else {
                    0.0
                };
                items_main + gaps
            })
            .fold(0.0f32, f32::max);
        parent.rect.height = total_main;
    }
}

/// Reposition inline text lines inside a layout box after moving it.
/// Re-runs inline layout if the box has inline children.
fn reposition_lines(b: &mut LayoutBox, font: &Font, doc: &Document) {
    if !b.lines.is_empty() {
        // Re-run inline layout at the new position.
        b.lines.clear();
        layout_inline_children(b, font, doc);
    }
    // Recursively reposition children that have their own inline content.
    for child in &mut b.children {
        if !child.lines.is_empty() {
            child.lines.clear();
            layout_inline_children(child, font, doc);
        }
    }
}

/// Convert AlignContent to JustifyContent for reuse of distribution logic.
fn align_content_to_justify(ac: AlignContent) -> JustifyContent {
    match ac {
        AlignContent::FlexStart | AlignContent::Stretch => JustifyContent::FlexStart,
        AlignContent::FlexEnd => JustifyContent::FlexEnd,
        AlignContent::Center => JustifyContent::Center,
        AlignContent::SpaceBetween => JustifyContent::SpaceBetween,
        AlignContent::SpaceAround => JustifyContent::SpaceAround,
    }
}

/// Compute the initial offset and between-item spacing for content distribution.
/// Returns (initial_offset, between_spacing).
fn compute_content_distribution(
    mode: JustifyContent,
    free_space: f32,
    item_count: usize,
) -> (f32, f32) {
    if item_count == 0 {
        return (0.0, 0.0);
    }
    match mode {
        JustifyContent::FlexStart => (0.0, 0.0),
        JustifyContent::FlexEnd => (free_space, 0.0),
        JustifyContent::Center => (free_space / 2.0, 0.0),
        JustifyContent::SpaceBetween => {
            if item_count <= 1 {
                (0.0, 0.0)
            } else {
                (0.0, free_space / (item_count - 1) as f32)
            }
        }
        JustifyContent::SpaceAround => {
            let per_item = free_space / item_count as f32;
            (per_item / 2.0, per_item)
        }
        JustifyContent::SpaceEvenly => {
            let spacing = free_space / (item_count + 1) as f32;
            (spacing, spacing)
        }
    }
}

// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Inline formatting context
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

/// An inline item produced by flattening the inline tree.
enum InlineItemKind {
    /// A word of text with associated styling.
    Word {
        text: String,
        font_size: f32,
        color: Color,
        text_decoration: TextDecoration,
        background_color: Color,
    },
    /// Whitespace between words.
    Space { font_size: f32 },
    /// Forced line break (`<br>`).
    ForcedBreak,
    /// Start of an inline box (for margin/padding/border tracking).
    InlineStart {
        margin_left: f32,
        padding_left: f32,
        border_left: f32,
    },
    /// End of an inline box.
    InlineEnd {
        margin_right: f32,
        padding_right: f32,
        border_right: f32,
    },
}

/// A pending fragment on the current line.
struct PendingFragment {
    text: String,
    x: f32,
    width: f32,
    font_size: f32,
    color: Color,
    text_decoration: TextDecoration,
    background_color: Color,
}

/// Flatten the inline children tree into a sequence of items.
fn flatten_inline_tree(children: &[LayoutBox], doc: &Document, items: &mut Vec<InlineItemKind>) {
    for child in children {
        // Skip out-of-flow children (absolute/fixed positioned).
        if !is_in_flow(child) {
            continue;
        }
        match &child.box_type {
            BoxType::TextRun { text, .. } => {
                let words = split_into_words(text);
                for segment in words {
                    match segment {
                        WordSegment::Word(w) => {
                            items.push(InlineItemKind::Word {
                                text: w,
                                font_size: child.font_size,
                                color: child.color,
                                text_decoration: child.text_decoration,
                                background_color: child.background_color,
                            });
                        }
                        WordSegment::Space => {
                            items.push(InlineItemKind::Space {
                                font_size: child.font_size,
                            });
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
            BoxType::Inline(node_id) => {
                if let NodeData::Element { tag_name, .. } = doc.node_data(*node_id) {
                    if tag_name == "br" {
                        items.push(InlineItemKind::ForcedBreak);
                        continue;
                    }
                }

                items.push(InlineItemKind::InlineStart {
                    margin_left: child.margin.left,
                    padding_left: child.padding.left,
                    border_left: child.border.left,
                });

                flatten_inline_tree(&child.children, doc, items);

                items.push(InlineItemKind::InlineEnd {
                    margin_right: child.margin.right,
                    padding_right: child.padding.right,
                    border_right: child.border.right,
                });
            }
            _ => {}
        }
    }
}

enum WordSegment {
    Word(String),
    Space,
}

/// Split text into alternating words and spaces.
fn split_into_words(text: &str) -> Vec<WordSegment> {
    let mut segments = Vec::new();
    let mut current_word = String::new();

    for ch in text.chars() {
        if ch == ' ' {
            if !current_word.is_empty() {
                segments.push(WordSegment::Word(std::mem::take(&mut current_word)));
            }
            segments.push(WordSegment::Space);
        } else {
            current_word.push(ch);
        }
    }

    if !current_word.is_empty() {
        segments.push(WordSegment::Word(current_word));
    }

    segments
}

/// Lay out inline children using a proper inline formatting context.
fn layout_inline_children(parent: &mut LayoutBox, font: &Font, doc: &Document) {
    let available_width = parent.rect.width;
    let text_align = parent.text_align;
    let line_height = parent.line_height;

    let mut items = Vec::new();
    flatten_inline_tree(&parent.children, doc, &mut items);

    if items.is_empty() {
        parent.rect.height = 0.0;
        return;
    }

    // Process items into line boxes.
    let mut all_lines: Vec<Vec<PendingFragment>> = Vec::new();
    let mut current_line: Vec<PendingFragment> = Vec::new();
    let mut cursor_x: f32 = 0.0;

    for item in &items {
        match item {
            InlineItemKind::Word {
                text,
                font_size,
                color,
                text_decoration,
                background_color,
            } => {
                let word_width = measure_text_width(font, text, *font_size);

                // If this word doesn't fit and the line isn't empty, break.
                if cursor_x > 0.0 && cursor_x + word_width > available_width {
                    all_lines.push(std::mem::take(&mut current_line));
                    cursor_x = 0.0;
                }

                current_line.push(PendingFragment {
                    text: text.clone(),
                    x: cursor_x,
                    width: word_width,
                    font_size: *font_size,
                    color: *color,
                    text_decoration: *text_decoration,
                    background_color: *background_color,
                });
                cursor_x += word_width;
            }
            InlineItemKind::Space { font_size } => {
                // Only add space if we have content on the line.
                if !current_line.is_empty() {
                    let space_width = measure_text_width(font, " ", *font_size);
                    if cursor_x + space_width <= available_width {
                        cursor_x += space_width;
                    }
                }
            }
            InlineItemKind::ForcedBreak => {
                all_lines.push(std::mem::take(&mut current_line));
                cursor_x = 0.0;
            }
            InlineItemKind::InlineStart {
                margin_left,
                padding_left,
                border_left,
            } => {
                cursor_x += margin_left + padding_left + border_left;
            }
            InlineItemKind::InlineEnd {
                margin_right,
                padding_right,
                border_right,
            } => {
                cursor_x += margin_right + padding_right + border_right;
            }
        }
    }

    // Flush the last line.
    if !current_line.is_empty() {
        all_lines.push(current_line);
    }

    if all_lines.is_empty() {
        parent.rect.height = 0.0;
        return;
    }

    // Position lines vertically and apply text-align.
    let mut text_lines = Vec::new();
    let mut y = parent.rect.y;
    let num_lines = all_lines.len();

    for (line_idx, line_fragments) in all_lines.iter().enumerate() {
        if line_fragments.is_empty() {
            y += line_height;
            continue;
        }

        // Compute line width from last fragment.
        let line_width = match line_fragments.last() {
            Some(last) => last.x + last.width,
            None => 0.0,
        };

        // Compute text-align offset.
        let is_last_line = line_idx == num_lines - 1;
        let align_offset =
            compute_align_offset(text_align, available_width, line_width, is_last_line);

        for frag in line_fragments {
            text_lines.push(TextLine {
                text: frag.text.clone(),
                x: parent.rect.x + frag.x + align_offset,
                y,
                width: frag.width,
                font_size: frag.font_size,
                color: frag.color,
                text_decoration: frag.text_decoration,
                background_color: frag.background_color,
            });
        }

        y += line_height;
    }

    parent.rect.height = num_lines as f32 * line_height;
    parent.lines = text_lines;
}

/// Compute the horizontal offset for text alignment.
fn compute_align_offset(
    align: TextAlign,
    available_width: f32,
    line_width: f32,
    is_last_line: bool,
) -> f32 {
    let extra_space = (available_width - line_width).max(0.0);
    match align {
        TextAlign::Left => 0.0,
        TextAlign::Center => extra_space / 2.0,
        TextAlign::Right => extra_space,
        TextAlign::Justify => {
            // Don't justify the last line (CSS spec behavior).
            if is_last_line {
                0.0
            } else {
                // For justify, we shift the whole line by 0 — the actual distribution
                // of space between words would need per-word spacing. For now, treat
                // as left-aligned; full justify support is a future enhancement.
                0.0
            }
        }
    }
}

// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Text measurement
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

/// Measure the total advance width of a text string at the given font size.
fn measure_text_width(font: &Font, text: &str, font_size: f32) -> f32 {
    let shaped = font.shape_text(text, font_size);
    match shaped.last() {
        Some(last) => last.x_offset + last.x_advance,
        None => 0.0,
    }
}

// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Public API
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

/// Build and lay out from a styled tree (produced by `resolve_styles`).
///
/// Returns a `LayoutTree` with positioned boxes ready for rendering.
pub fn layout(
    styled_root: &StyledNode,
    doc: &Document,
    viewport_width: f32,
    viewport_height: f32,
    font: &Font,
    image_sizes: &HashMap<NodeId, (f32, f32)>,
) -> LayoutTree {
    let mut root = match build_box(styled_root, doc, image_sizes) {
        Some(b) => b,
        None => {
            return LayoutTree {
                root: LayoutBox::new(BoxType::Anonymous, &ComputedStyle::default()),
                width: viewport_width,
                height: 0.0,
            };
        }
    };

    // Pre-collapse parent-child margins before positioning.
    pre_collapse_margins(&mut root);

    // The initial containing block for absolutely positioned elements is the viewport.
    let viewport_cb = Rect {
        x: 0.0,
        y: 0.0,
        width: viewport_width,
        height: viewport_height,
    };
    compute_layout(
        &mut root,
        0.0,
        0.0,
        viewport_width,
        viewport_width,
        viewport_height,
        font,
        doc,
        viewport_cb,
    );

    let height = root.margin_box_height();
    LayoutTree {
        root,
        width: viewport_width,
        height,
    }
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use super::*;
    use we_dom::Document;
    use we_style::computed::{extract_stylesheets, resolve_styles};

    fn test_font() -> Font {
        let paths = [
            "/System/Library/Fonts/Geneva.ttf",
            "/System/Library/Fonts/Monaco.ttf",
        ];
        for path in &paths {
            let p = std::path::Path::new(path);
            if p.exists() {
                return Font::from_file(p).expect("failed to parse font");
            }
        }
        panic!("no test font found");
    }

    fn layout_doc(doc: &Document) -> LayoutTree {
        let font = test_font();
        let sheets = extract_stylesheets(doc);
        let styled = resolve_styles(doc, &sheets, (800.0, 600.0)).unwrap();
        layout(&styled, doc, 800.0, 600.0, &font, &HashMap::new())
    }

    #[test]
    fn empty_document() {
        let doc = Document::new();
        let font = test_font();
        let sheets = extract_stylesheets(&doc);
        let styled = resolve_styles(&doc, &sheets, (800.0, 600.0));
        if let Some(styled) = styled {
            let tree = layout(&styled, &doc, 800.0, 600.0, &font, &HashMap::new());
            assert_eq!(tree.width, 800.0);
        }
    }

    #[test]
    fn single_paragraph() {
        let mut doc = Document::new();
        let root = doc.root();
        let html = doc.create_element("html");
        let body = doc.create_element("body");
        let p = doc.create_element("p");
        let text = doc.create_text("Hello world");
        doc.append_child(root, html);
        doc.append_child(html, body);
        doc.append_child(body, p);
        doc.append_child(p, text);

        let tree = layout_doc(&doc);

        assert!(matches!(tree.root.box_type, BoxType::Block(_)));

        let body_box = &tree.root.children[0];
        assert!(matches!(body_box.box_type, BoxType::Block(_)));

        let p_box = &body_box.children[0];
        assert!(matches!(p_box.box_type, BoxType::Block(_)));

        assert!(!p_box.lines.is_empty(), "p should have text fragments");

        // Collect all text on the first visual line.
        let first_y = p_box.lines[0].y;
        let line_text: String = p_box
            .lines
            .iter()
            .filter(|l| (l.y - first_y).abs() < 0.01)
            .map(|l| l.text.as_str())
            .collect::<Vec<_>>()
            .join(" ");
        assert!(
            line_text.contains("Hello") && line_text.contains("world"),
            "line should contain Hello and world, got: {line_text}"
        );

        assert_eq!(p_box.margin.top, 16.0);
        assert_eq!(p_box.margin.bottom, 16.0);
    }

    #[test]
    fn blocks_stack_vertically() {
        let mut doc = Document::new();
        let root = doc.root();
        let html = doc.create_element("html");
        let body = doc.create_element("body");
        let p1 = doc.create_element("p");
        let t1 = doc.create_text("First");
        let p2 = doc.create_element("p");
        let t2 = doc.create_text("Second");
        doc.append_child(root, html);
        doc.append_child(html, body);
        doc.append_child(body, p1);
        doc.append_child(p1, t1);
        doc.append_child(body, p2);
        doc.append_child(p2, t2);

        let tree = layout_doc(&doc);
        let body_box = &tree.root.children[0];
        let first = &body_box.children[0];
        let second = &body_box.children[1];

        assert!(
            second.rect.y > first.rect.y,
            "second p (y={}) should be below first p (y={})",
            second.rect.y,
            first.rect.y
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn heading_larger_than_body() {
        let mut doc = Document::new();
        let root = doc.root();
        let html = doc.create_element("html");
        let body = doc.create_element("body");
        let h1 = doc.create_element("h1");
        let h1_text = doc.create_text("Title");
        let p = doc.create_element("p");
        let p_text = doc.create_text("Text");
        doc.append_child(root, html);
        doc.append_child(html, body);
        doc.append_child(body, h1);
        doc.append_child(h1, h1_text);
        doc.append_child(body, p);
        doc.append_child(p, p_text);

        let tree = layout_doc(&doc);
        let body_box = &tree.root.children[0];
        let h1_box = &body_box.children[0];
        let p_box = &body_box.children[1];

        assert!(
            h1_box.font_size > p_box.font_size,
            "h1 font_size ({}) should be > p font_size ({})",
            h1_box.font_size,
            p_box.font_size
        );
        assert_eq!(h1_box.font_size, 32.0);

        assert!(
            h1_box.rect.height > p_box.rect.height,
            "h1 height ({}) should be > p height ({})",
            h1_box.rect.height,
            p_box.rect.height
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn body_has_default_margin() {
        let mut doc = Document::new();
        let root = doc.root();
        let html = doc.create_element("html");
        let body = doc.create_element("body");
        let p = doc.create_element("p");
        let text = doc.create_text("Test");
        doc.append_child(root, html);
        doc.append_child(html, body);
        doc.append_child(body, p);
        doc.append_child(p, text);

        let tree = layout_doc(&doc);
        let body_box = &tree.root.children[0];

        // body default margin is 8px, but it collapses with p's 16px margin
        // (parent-child collapsing: no border/padding on body).
        assert_eq!(body_box.margin.top, 16.0);
        assert_eq!(body_box.margin.right, 8.0);
        assert_eq!(body_box.margin.bottom, 16.0);
        assert_eq!(body_box.margin.left, 8.0);

        assert_eq!(body_box.rect.x, 8.0);
        // body.rect.y = collapsed margin (16) from viewport top.
        assert_eq!(body_box.rect.y, 16.0);
    }

    #[test]
    fn text_wraps_at_container_width() {
        let mut doc = Document::new();
        let root = doc.root();
        let html = doc.create_element("html");
        let body = doc.create_element("body");
        let p = doc.create_element("p");
        let text =
            doc.create_text("The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog and more words to wrap");
        doc.append_child(root, html);
        doc.append_child(html, body);
        doc.append_child(body, p);
        doc.append_child(p, text);

        let font = test_font();
        let sheets = extract_stylesheets(&doc);
        let styled = resolve_styles(&doc, &sheets, (800.0, 600.0)).unwrap();
        let tree = layout(&styled, &doc, 100.0, 600.0, &font, &HashMap::new());
        let body_box = &tree.root.children[0];
        let p_box = &body_box.children[0];

        // Count distinct y-positions to count visual lines.
        let mut ys: Vec<f32> = p_box.lines.iter().map(|l| l.y).collect();
        ys.sort_by(|a, b| a.partial_cmp(b).unwrap());
        ys.dedup_by(|a, b| (*a - *b).abs() < 0.01);

        assert!(
            ys.len() > 1,
            "text should wrap to multiple lines, got {} visual lines",
            ys.len()
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn layout_produces_positive_dimensions() {
        let mut doc = Document::new();
        let root = doc.root();
        let html = doc.create_element("html");
        let body = doc.create_element("body");
        let div = doc.create_element("div");
        let text = doc.create_text("Content");
        doc.append_child(root, html);
        doc.append_child(html, body);
        doc.append_child(body, div);
        doc.append_child(div, text);

        let tree = layout_doc(&doc);

        for b in tree.iter() {
            assert!(b.rect.width >= 0.0, "width should be >= 0");
            assert!(b.rect.height >= 0.0, "height should be >= 0");
        }

        assert!(tree.height > 0.0, "layout height should be > 0");
    }

    #[test]
    fn head_is_hidden() {
        let mut doc = Document::new();
        let root = doc.root();
        let html = doc.create_element("html");
        let head = doc.create_element("head");
        let title = doc.create_element("title");
        let title_text = doc.create_text("Page Title");
        let body = doc.create_element("body");
        let p = doc.create_element("p");
        let p_text = doc.create_text("Visible");
        doc.append_child(root, html);
        doc.append_child(html, head);
        doc.append_child(head, title);
        doc.append_child(title, title_text);
        doc.append_child(html, body);
        doc.append_child(body, p);
        doc.append_child(p, p_text);

        let tree = layout_doc(&doc);

        assert_eq!(
            tree.root.children.len(),
            1,
            "html should have 1 child (body), head should be hidden"
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn mixed_block_and_inline() {
        let mut doc = Document::new();
        let root = doc.root();
        let html = doc.create_element("html");
        let body = doc.create_element("body");
        let div = doc.create_element("div");
        let text1 = doc.create_text("Text");
        let p = doc.create_element("p");
        let p_text = doc.create_text("Block");
        let text2 = doc.create_text("More");
        doc.append_child(root, html);
        doc.append_child(html, body);
        doc.append_child(body, div);
        doc.append_child(div, text1);
        doc.append_child(div, p);
        doc.append_child(p, p_text);
        doc.append_child(div, text2);

        let tree = layout_doc(&doc);
        let body_box = &tree.root.children[0];
        let div_box = &body_box.children[0];

        assert_eq!(
            div_box.children.len(),
            3,
            "div should have 3 children (anon, block, anon), got {}",
            div_box.children.len()
        );

        assert!(matches!(div_box.children[0].box_type, BoxType::Anonymous));
        assert!(matches!(div_box.children[1].box_type, BoxType::Block(_)));
        assert!(matches!(div_box.children[2].box_type, BoxType::Anonymous));
    }

    #[test]
    fn inline_elements_contribute_text() {
        let mut doc = Document::new();
        let root = doc.root();
        let html = doc.create_element("html");
        let body = doc.create_element("body");
        let p = doc.create_element("p");
        let t1 = doc.create_text("Hello ");
        let em = doc.create_element("em");
        let t2 = doc.create_text("world");
        let t3 = doc.create_text("!");
        doc.append_child(root, html);
        doc.append_child(html, body);
        doc.append_child(body, p);
        doc.append_child(p, t1);
        doc.append_child(p, em);
        doc.append_child(em, t2);
        doc.append_child(p, t3);

        let tree = layout_doc(&doc);
        let body_box = &tree.root.children[0];
        let p_box = &body_box.children[0];

        assert!(!p_box.lines.is_empty());

        let first_y = p_box.lines[0].y;
        let line_texts: Vec<&str> = p_box
            .lines
            .iter()
            .filter(|l| (l.y - first_y).abs() < 0.01)
            .map(|l| l.text.as_str())
            .collect();
        let combined = line_texts.join("");
        assert!(
            combined.contains("Hello") && combined.contains("world") && combined.contains("!"),
            "line should contain all text, got: {combined}"
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn collapse_whitespace_works() {
        assert_eq!(collapse_whitespace("hello  world"), "hello world");
        assert_eq!(collapse_whitespace("  spaces  "), " spaces ");
        assert_eq!(collapse_whitespace("\n\ttabs\n"), " tabs ");
        assert_eq!(collapse_whitespace("no-extra"), "no-extra");
        assert_eq!(collapse_whitespace("   "), " ");
    }

    #[test]
    fn content_width_respects_body_margin() {
        let mut doc = Document::new();
        let root = doc.root();
        let html = doc.create_element("html");
        let body = doc.create_element("body");
        let div = doc.create_element("div");
        let text = doc.create_text("Content");
        doc.append_child(root, html);
        doc.append_child(html, body);
        doc.append_child(body, div);
        doc.append_child(div, text);

        let font = test_font();
        let sheets = extract_stylesheets(&doc);
        let styled = resolve_styles(&doc, &sheets, (800.0, 600.0)).unwrap();
        let tree = layout(&styled, &doc, 800.0, 600.0, &font, &HashMap::new());
        let body_box = &tree.root.children[0];

        assert_eq!(body_box.rect.width, 784.0);

        let div_box = &body_box.children[0];
        assert_eq!(div_box.rect.width, 784.0);
    }

    #[test]
    fn multiple_heading_levels() {
        let mut doc = Document::new();
        let root = doc.root();
        let html = doc.create_element("html");
        let body = doc.create_element("body");
        doc.append_child(root, html);
        doc.append_child(html, body);

        let tags = ["h1", "h2", "h3"];
        for tag in &tags {
            let h = doc.create_element(tag);
            let t = doc.create_text(tag);
            doc.append_child(body, h);
            doc.append_child(h, t);
        }

        let tree = layout_doc(&doc);
        let body_box = &tree.root.children[0];

        let h1 = &body_box.children[0];
        let h2 = &body_box.children[1];
        let h3 = &body_box.children[2];
        assert!(h1.font_size > h2.font_size);
        assert!(h2.font_size > h3.font_size);

        assert!(h2.rect.y > h1.rect.y);
        assert!(h3.rect.y > h2.rect.y);
    }

    #[test]
    fn layout_tree_iteration() {
        let mut doc = Document::new();
        let root = doc.root();
        let html = doc.create_element("html");
        let body = doc.create_element("body");
        let p = doc.create_element("p");
        let text = doc.create_text("Test");
        doc.append_child(root, html);
        doc.append_child(html, body);
        doc.append_child(body, p);
        doc.append_child(p, text);

        let tree = layout_doc(&doc);
        let count = tree.iter().count();
        assert!(count >= 3, "should have at least html, body, p boxes");
    }

    #[test]
    fn css_style_affects_layout() {
        let html_str = r#"<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<style>
p { margin-top: 50px; margin-bottom: 50px; }
</style>
</head>
<body>
<p>First</p>
<p>Second</p>
</body>
</html>"#;
        let doc = we_html::parse_html(html_str);
        let font = test_font();
        let sheets = extract_stylesheets(&doc);
        let styled = resolve_styles(&doc, &sheets, (800.0, 600.0)).unwrap();
        let tree = layout(&styled, &doc, 800.0, 600.0, &font, &HashMap::new());

        let body_box = &tree.root.children[0];
        let first = &body_box.children[0];
        let second = &body_box.children[1];

        assert_eq!(first.margin.top, 50.0);
        assert_eq!(first.margin.bottom, 50.0);

        // Adjacent sibling margins collapse: gap = max(50, 50) = 50, not 100.
        let gap = second.rect.y - (first.rect.y + first.rect.height);
        assert!(
            (gap - 50.0).abs() < 1.0,
            "collapsed margin gap should be ~50px, got {gap}"
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn inline_style_affects_layout() {
        let html_str = r#"<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
<div style="padding-top: 20px; padding-bottom: 20px;">
<p>Content</p>
</div>
</body>
</html>"#;
        let doc = we_html::parse_html(html_str);
        let font = test_font();
        let sheets = extract_stylesheets(&doc);
        let styled = resolve_styles(&doc, &sheets, (800.0, 600.0)).unwrap();
        let tree = layout(&styled, &doc, 800.0, 600.0, &font, &HashMap::new());

        let body_box = &tree.root.children[0];
        let div_box = &body_box.children[0];

        assert_eq!(div_box.padding.top, 20.0);
        assert_eq!(div_box.padding.bottom, 20.0);
    }

    #[test]
    fn css_color_propagates_to_layout() {
        let html_str = r#"<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head><style>p { color: red; background-color: blue; }</style></head>
<body><p>Colored</p></body>
</html>"#;
        let doc = we_html::parse_html(html_str);
        let font = test_font();
        let sheets = extract_stylesheets(&doc);
        let styled = resolve_styles(&doc, &sheets, (800.0, 600.0)).unwrap();
        let tree = layout(&styled, &doc, 800.0, 600.0, &font, &HashMap::new());

        let body_box = &tree.root.children[0];
        let p_box = &body_box.children[0];

        assert_eq!(p_box.color, Color::rgb(255, 0, 0));
        assert_eq!(p_box.background_color, Color::rgb(0, 0, 255));
    }

    // --- New inline layout tests ---

    #[test]
    fn inline_elements_have_per_fragment_styling() {
        let html_str = r#"<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head><style>em { color: red; }</style></head>
<body><p>Hello <em>world</em></p></body>
</html>"#;
        let doc = we_html::parse_html(html_str);
        let font = test_font();
        let sheets = extract_stylesheets(&doc);
        let styled = resolve_styles(&doc, &sheets, (800.0, 600.0)).unwrap();
        let tree = layout(&styled, &doc, 800.0, 600.0, &font, &HashMap::new());

        let body_box = &tree.root.children[0];
        let p_box = &body_box.children[0];

        let colors: Vec<Color> = p_box.lines.iter().map(|l| l.color).collect();
        assert!(
            colors.iter().any(|c| *c == Color::rgb(0, 0, 0)),
            "should have black text"
        );
        assert!(
            colors.iter().any(|c| *c == Color::rgb(255, 0, 0)),
            "should have red text from <em>"
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn br_element_forces_line_break() {
        let html_str = r#"<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body><p>Line one<br>Line two</p></body>
</html>"#;
        let doc = we_html::parse_html(html_str);
        let font = test_font();
        let sheets = extract_stylesheets(&doc);
        let styled = resolve_styles(&doc, &sheets, (800.0, 600.0)).unwrap();
        let tree = layout(&styled, &doc, 800.0, 600.0, &font, &HashMap::new());

        let body_box = &tree.root.children[0];
        let p_box = &body_box.children[0];

        let mut ys: Vec<f32> = p_box.lines.iter().map(|l| l.y).collect();
        ys.sort_by(|a, b| a.partial_cmp(b).unwrap());
        ys.dedup_by(|a, b| (*a - *b).abs() < 0.01);

        assert!(
            ys.len() >= 2,
            "<br> should produce 2 visual lines, got {}",
            ys.len()
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn text_align_center() {
        let html_str = r#"<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head><style>p { text-align: center; }</style></head>
<body><p>Hi</p></body>
</html>"#;
        let doc = we_html::parse_html(html_str);
        let font = test_font();
        let sheets = extract_stylesheets(&doc);
        let styled = resolve_styles(&doc, &sheets, (800.0, 600.0)).unwrap();
        let tree = layout(&styled, &doc, 800.0, 600.0, &font, &HashMap::new());

        let body_box = &tree.root.children[0];
        let p_box = &body_box.children[0];

        assert!(!p_box.lines.is_empty());
        let first = &p_box.lines[0];
        // Center-aligned: text should be noticeably offset from content x.
        assert!(
            first.x > p_box.rect.x + 10.0,
            "center-aligned text x ({}) should be offset from content x ({})",
            first.x,
            p_box.rect.x
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn text_align_right() {
        let html_str = r#"<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head><style>p { text-align: right; }</style></head>
<body><p>Hi</p></body>
</html>"#;
        let doc = we_html::parse_html(html_str);
        let font = test_font();
        let sheets = extract_stylesheets(&doc);
        let styled = resolve_styles(&doc, &sheets, (800.0, 600.0)).unwrap();
        let tree = layout(&styled, &doc, 800.0, 600.0, &font, &HashMap::new());

        let body_box = &tree.root.children[0];
        let p_box = &body_box.children[0];

        assert!(!p_box.lines.is_empty());
        let first = &p_box.lines[0];
        let right_edge = p_box.rect.x + p_box.rect.width;
        assert!(
            (first.x + first.width - right_edge).abs() < 1.0,
            "right-aligned text end ({}) should be near right edge ({})",
            first.x + first.width,
            right_edge
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn inline_padding_offsets_text() {
        let html_str = r#"<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head><style>span { padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px; }</style></head>
<body><p>A<span>B</span>C</p></body>
</html>"#;
        let doc = we_html::parse_html(html_str);
        let font = test_font();
        let sheets = extract_stylesheets(&doc);
        let styled = resolve_styles(&doc, &sheets, (800.0, 600.0)).unwrap();
        let tree = layout(&styled, &doc, 800.0, 600.0, &font, &HashMap::new());

        let body_box = &tree.root.children[0];
        let p_box = &body_box.children[0];

        // Should have at least 3 fragments: A, B, C
        assert!(
            p_box.lines.len() >= 3,
            "should have fragments for A, B, C, got {}",
            p_box.lines.len()
        );

        // B should be offset by the span's padding.
        let a_frag = &p_box.lines[0];
        let b_frag = &p_box.lines[1];
        let gap = b_frag.x - (a_frag.x + a_frag.width);
        // Gap should include the 20px padding-left from the span.
        assert!(
            gap >= 19.0,
            "gap between A and B ({gap}) should include span padding-left (20px)"
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn text_fragments_have_correct_font_size() {
        let html_str = r#"<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body><h1>Big</h1><p>Small</p></body>
</html>"#;
        let doc = we_html::parse_html(html_str);
        let font = test_font();
        let sheets = extract_stylesheets(&doc);
        let styled = resolve_styles(&doc, &sheets, (800.0, 600.0)).unwrap();
        let tree = layout(&styled, &doc, 800.0, 600.0, &font, &HashMap::new());

        let body_box = &tree.root.children[0];
        let h1_box = &body_box.children[0];
        let p_box = &body_box.children[1];

        assert!(!h1_box.lines.is_empty());
        assert!(!p_box.lines.is_empty());
        assert_eq!(h1_box.lines[0].font_size, 32.0);
        assert_eq!(p_box.lines[0].font_size, 16.0);
    }

    #[test]
    fn line_height_from_computed_style() {
        let html_str = r#"<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head><style>p { line-height: 30px; }</style></head>
<body><p>Line one Line two Line three</p></body>
</html>"#;
        let doc = we_html::parse_html(html_str);
        let font = test_font();
        let sheets = extract_stylesheets(&doc);
        let styled = resolve_styles(&doc, &sheets, (800.0, 600.0)).unwrap();
        // Narrow viewport to force wrapping.
        let tree = layout(&styled, &doc, 100.0, 600.0, &font, &HashMap::new());

        let body_box = &tree.root.children[0];
        let p_box = &body_box.children[0];

        let mut ys: Vec<f32> = p_box.lines.iter().map(|l| l.y).collect();
        ys.sort_by(|a, b| a.partial_cmp(b).unwrap());
        ys.dedup_by(|a, b| (*a - *b).abs() < 0.01);

        if ys.len() >= 2 {
            let gap = ys[1] - ys[0];
            assert!(
                (gap - 30.0).abs() < 1.0,
                "line spacing ({gap}) should be ~30px from line-height"
            );
        }
    }

    // --- Relative positioning tests ---

    #[test]
    fn relative_position_top_left() {
        let html_str = r#"<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
<div style="position: relative; top: 10px; left: 20px;">Content</div>
</body>
</html>"#;
        let doc = we_html::parse_html(html_str);
        let font = test_font();
        let sheets = extract_stylesheets(&doc);
        let styled = resolve_styles(&doc, &sheets, (800.0, 600.0)).unwrap();
        let tree = layout(&styled, &doc, 800.0, 600.0, &font, &HashMap::new());

        let body_box = &tree.root.children[0];
        let div_box = &body_box.children[0];

        assert_eq!(div_box.position, Position::Relative);
        assert_eq!(div_box.relative_offset, (20.0, 10.0));

        // The div should be shifted from where it would be in normal flow.
        // Normal flow position: body.rect.x + margin, body.rect.y + margin.
        // With relative offset: shifted by (20, 10).
        // Body has 8px margin by default, so content starts at x=8, y=8.
        assert!(
            (div_box.rect.x - (8.0 + 20.0)).abs() < 0.01,
            "div x ({}) should be 28.0 (8 + 20)",
            div_box.rect.x
        );
        assert!(
            (div_box.rect.y - (8.0 + 10.0)).abs() < 0.01,
            "div y ({}) should be 18.0 (8 + 10)",
            div_box.rect.y
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn relative_position_does_not_affect_siblings() {
        let html_str = r#"<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head><style>
p { margin: 0; }
</style></head>
<body>
<p id="first" style="position: relative; top: 50px;">First</p>
<p id="second">Second</p>
</body>
</html>"#;
        let doc = we_html::parse_html(html_str);
        let font = test_font();
        let sheets = extract_stylesheets(&doc);
        let styled = resolve_styles(&doc, &sheets, (800.0, 600.0)).unwrap();
        let tree = layout(&styled, &doc, 800.0, 600.0, &font, &HashMap::new());

        let body_box = &tree.root.children[0];
        let first = &body_box.children[0];
        let second = &body_box.children[1];

        // The first paragraph is shifted down by 50px visually.
        assert_eq!(first.relative_offset, (0.0, 50.0));

        // But the second paragraph should be at its normal-flow position,
        // as if the first paragraph were NOT shifted. The second paragraph
        // should come right after the first's normal-flow height.
        // Body content starts at y=8 (default body margin). First p has 0 margin.
        // Second p should start right after first p's height (without offset).
        let first_normal_y = 8.0; // body margin
        let first_height = first.rect.height;
        let expected_second_y = first_normal_y + first_height;
        assert!(
            (second.rect.y - expected_second_y).abs() < 1.0,
            "second y ({}) should be at normal-flow position ({expected_second_y}), not affected by first's relative offset",
            second.rect.y
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn relative_position_conflicting_offsets() {
        // When both top and bottom are specified, top wins.
        // When both left and right are specified, left wins.
        let html_str = r#"<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
<div style="position: relative; top: 10px; bottom: 20px; left: 30px; right: 40px;">Content</div>
</body>
</html>"#;
        let doc = we_html::parse_html(html_str);
        let font = test_font();
        let sheets = extract_stylesheets(&doc);
        let styled = resolve_styles(&doc, &sheets, (800.0, 600.0)).unwrap();
        let tree = layout(&styled, &doc, 800.0, 600.0, &font, &HashMap::new());

        let body_box = &tree.root.children[0];
        let div_box = &body_box.children[0];

        // top wins over bottom: dy = 10 (not -20)
        // left wins over right: dx = 30 (not -40)
        assert_eq!(div_box.relative_offset, (30.0, 10.0));
    }

    #[test]
    fn relative_position_auto_offsets() {
        // auto offsets should resolve to 0 (no movement).
        let html_str = r#"<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
<div style="position: relative;">Content</div>
</body>
</html>"#;
        let doc = we_html::parse_html(html_str);
        let font = test_font();
        let sheets = extract_stylesheets(&doc);
        let styled = resolve_styles(&doc, &sheets, (800.0, 600.0)).unwrap();
        let tree = layout(&styled, &doc, 800.0, 600.0, &font, &HashMap::new());

        let body_box = &tree.root.children[0];
        let div_box = &body_box.children[0];

        assert_eq!(div_box.position, Position::Relative);
        assert_eq!(div_box.relative_offset, (0.0, 0.0));
    }

    #[test]
    fn relative_position_bottom_right() {
        // bottom: 15px should shift up by 15px (negative direction).
        // right: 25px should shift left by 25px (negative direction).
        let html_str = r#"<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
<div style="position: relative; bottom: 15px; right: 25px;">Content</div>
</body>
</html>"#;
        let doc = we_html::parse_html(html_str);
        let font = test_font();
        let sheets = extract_stylesheets(&doc);
        let styled = resolve_styles(&doc, &sheets, (800.0, 600.0)).unwrap();
        let tree = layout(&styled, &doc, 800.0, 600.0, &font, &HashMap::new());

        let body_box = &tree.root.children[0];
        let div_box = &body_box.children[0];

        assert_eq!(div_box.relative_offset, (-25.0, -15.0));
    }

    #[test]
    fn relative_position_shifts_text_lines() {
        let html_str = r#"<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head><style>p { margin: 0; }</style></head>
<body>
<p style="position: relative; top: 30px; left: 40px;">Hello</p>
</body>
</html>"#;
        let doc = we_html::parse_html(html_str);
        let font = test_font();
        let sheets = extract_stylesheets(&doc);
        let styled = resolve_styles(&doc, &sheets, (800.0, 600.0)).unwrap();
        let tree = layout(&styled, &doc, 800.0, 600.0, &font, &HashMap::new());

        let body_box = &tree.root.children[0];
        let p_box = &body_box.children[0];

        assert!(!p_box.lines.is_empty(), "p should have text lines");
        let first_line = &p_box.lines[0];

        // Text should be shifted by the relative offset.
        // Body content starts at x=8, y=8. With offset: x=48, y=38.
        assert!(
            first_line.x >= 8.0 + 40.0 - 1.0,
            "text x ({}) should be shifted by left offset",
            first_line.x
        );
        assert!(
            first_line.y >= 8.0 + 30.0 - 1.0,
            "text y ({}) should be shifted by top offset",
            first_line.y
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn static_position_has_no_offset() {
        let html_str = r#"<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
<div>Normal flow</div>
</body>
</html>"#;
        let doc = we_html::parse_html(html_str);
        let font = test_font();
        let sheets = extract_stylesheets(&doc);
        let styled = resolve_styles(&doc, &sheets, (800.0, 600.0)).unwrap();
        let tree = layout(&styled, &doc, 800.0, 600.0, &font, &HashMap::new());

        let body_box = &tree.root.children[0];
        let div_box = &body_box.children[0];

        assert_eq!(div_box.position, Position::Static);
        assert_eq!(div_box.relative_offset, (0.0, 0.0));
    }

    // --- Margin collapsing tests ---

    #[test]
    fn adjacent_sibling_margins_collapse() {
        // Two <p> elements each with margin 16px: gap should be 16px (max), not 32px (sum).
        let html_str = r#"<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head><style>
body { margin: 0; border-top: 1px solid black; }
p { margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; }
</style></head>
<body>
<p>First</p>
<p>Second</p>
</body>
</html>"#;
        let doc = we_html::parse_html(html_str);
        let font = test_font();
        let sheets = extract_stylesheets(&doc);
        let styled = resolve_styles(&doc, &sheets, (800.0, 600.0)).unwrap();
        let tree = layout(&styled, &doc, 800.0, 600.0, &font, &HashMap::new());

        let body_box = &tree.root.children[0];
        let first = &body_box.children[0];
        let second = &body_box.children[1];

        // Gap between first's bottom border-box and second's top border-box
        // should be the collapsed margin: max(16, 16) = 16.
        let first_bottom =
            first.rect.y + first.rect.height + first.padding.bottom + first.border.bottom;
        let gap = second.rect.y - second.border.top - second.padding.top - first_bottom;
        assert!(
            (gap - 16.0).abs() < 1.0,
            "collapsed sibling margin should be ~16px, got {gap}"
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn sibling_margins_collapse_unequal() {
        // p1 bottom-margin 20, p2 top-margin 30: gap should be 30 (max).
        let html_str = r#"<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head><style>
body { margin: 0; border-top: 1px solid black; }
.first { margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 20px; }
.second { margin-top: 30px; margin-bottom: 0; }
</style></head>
<body>
<p class="first">First</p>
<p class="second">Second</p>
</body>
</html>"#;
        let doc = we_html::parse_html(html_str);
        let font = test_font();
        let sheets = extract_stylesheets(&doc);
        let styled = resolve_styles(&doc, &sheets, (800.0, 600.0)).unwrap();
        let tree = layout(&styled, &doc, 800.0, 600.0, &font, &HashMap::new());

        let body_box = &tree.root.children[0];
        let first = &body_box.children[0];
        let second = &body_box.children[1];

        let first_bottom =
            first.rect.y + first.rect.height + first.padding.bottom + first.border.bottom;
        let gap = second.rect.y - second.border.top - second.padding.top - first_bottom;
        assert!(
            (gap - 30.0).abs() < 1.0,
            "collapsed margin should be max(20, 30) = 30, got {gap}"
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn parent_first_child_margin_collapsing() {
        // Parent with no padding/border: first child's top margin collapses.
        let html_str = r#"<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head><style>
body { margin: 0; border-top: 1px solid black; }
.parent { margin-top: 10px; }
.child { margin-top: 20px; }
</style></head>
<body>
<div class="parent"><p class="child">Child</p></div>
</body>
</html>"#;
        let doc = we_html::parse_html(html_str);
        let font = test_font();
        let sheets = extract_stylesheets(&doc);
        let styled = resolve_styles(&doc, &sheets, (800.0, 600.0)).unwrap();
        let tree = layout(&styled, &doc, 800.0, 600.0, &font, &HashMap::new());

        let body_box = &tree.root.children[0];
        let parent_box = &body_box.children[0];

        // Parent margin collapses with child's: max(10, 20) = 20.
        assert_eq!(parent_box.margin.top, 20.0);
    }

    #[test]
    fn negative_margin_collapsing() {
        // One positive (20) and one negative (-10): collapsed = 20 + (-10) = 10.
        let html_str = r#"<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head><style>
body { margin: 0; border-top: 1px solid black; }
.first { margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 20px; }
.second { margin-top: -10px; margin-bottom: 0; }
</style></head>
<body>
<p class="first">First</p>
<p class="second">Second</p>
</body>
</html>"#;
        let doc = we_html::parse_html(html_str);
        let font = test_font();
        let sheets = extract_stylesheets(&doc);
        let styled = resolve_styles(&doc, &sheets, (800.0, 600.0)).unwrap();
        let tree = layout(&styled, &doc, 800.0, 600.0, &font, &HashMap::new());

        let body_box = &tree.root.children[0];
        let first = &body_box.children[0];
        let second = &body_box.children[1];

        let first_bottom =
            first.rect.y + first.rect.height + first.padding.bottom + first.border.bottom;
        let gap = second.rect.y - second.border.top - second.padding.top - first_bottom;
        // 20 + (-10) = 10
        assert!(
            (gap - 10.0).abs() < 1.0,
            "positive + negative margin collapse should be 10, got {gap}"
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn both_negative_margins_collapse() {
        // Both negative: use the more negative value.
        let html_str = r#"<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head><style>
body { margin: 0; border-top: 1px solid black; }
.first { margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: -10px; }
.second { margin-top: -20px; margin-bottom: 0; }
</style></head>
<body>
<p class="first">First</p>
<p class="second">Second</p>
</body>
</html>"#;
        let doc = we_html::parse_html(html_str);
        let font = test_font();
        let sheets = extract_stylesheets(&doc);
        let styled = resolve_styles(&doc, &sheets, (800.0, 600.0)).unwrap();
        let tree = layout(&styled, &doc, 800.0, 600.0, &font, &HashMap::new());

        let body_box = &tree.root.children[0];
        let first = &body_box.children[0];
        let second = &body_box.children[1];

        let first_bottom =
            first.rect.y + first.rect.height + first.padding.bottom + first.border.bottom;
        let gap = second.rect.y - second.border.top - second.padding.top - first_bottom;
        // Both negative: min(-10, -20) = -20
        assert!(
            (gap - (-20.0)).abs() < 1.0,
            "both-negative margin collapse should be -20, got {gap}"
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn border_blocks_margin_collapsing() {
        // When border separates margins, they don't collapse.
        let html_str = r#"<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head><style>
body { margin: 0; border-top: 1px solid black; }
.first { margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 20px; border-bottom: 1px solid black; }
.second { margin-top: 20px; border-top: 1px solid black; }
</style></head>
<body>
<p class="first">First</p>
<p class="second">Second</p>
</body>
</html>"#;
        let doc = we_html::parse_html(html_str);
        let font = test_font();
        let sheets = extract_stylesheets(&doc);
        let styled = resolve_styles(&doc, &sheets, (800.0, 600.0)).unwrap();
        let tree = layout(&styled, &doc, 800.0, 600.0, &font, &HashMap::new());

        let body_box = &tree.root.children[0];
        let first = &body_box.children[0];
        let second = &body_box.children[1];

        // Borders are on the elements themselves, but the MARGINS are still
        // between the border boxes — sibling margins still collapse regardless
        // of borders on the elements. The margin gap = max(20, 20) = 20.
        let first_bottom =
            first.rect.y + first.rect.height + first.padding.bottom + first.border.bottom;
        let gap = second.rect.y - second.border.top - second.padding.top - first_bottom;
        assert!(
            (gap - 20.0).abs() < 1.0,
            "sibling margins collapse even with borders on elements, gap should be 20, got {gap}"
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn padding_blocks_parent_child_collapsing() {
        // Parent with padding-top prevents margin collapsing with first child.
        let html_str = r#"<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head><style>
body { margin: 0; border-top: 1px solid black; }
.parent { margin-top: 10px; padding-top: 5px; }
.child { margin-top: 20px; }
</style></head>
<body>
<div class="parent"><p class="child">Child</p></div>
</body>
</html>"#;
        let doc = we_html::parse_html(html_str);
        let font = test_font();
        let sheets = extract_stylesheets(&doc);
        let styled = resolve_styles(&doc, &sheets, (800.0, 600.0)).unwrap();
        let tree = layout(&styled, &doc, 800.0, 600.0, &font, &HashMap::new());

        let body_box = &tree.root.children[0];
        let parent_box = &body_box.children[0];

        // Parent has padding-top, so no collapsing: margin stays at 10.
        assert_eq!(parent_box.margin.top, 10.0);
    }

    #[test]
    fn empty_block_margins_collapse() {
        // An empty div's top and bottom margins collapse with adjacent margins.
        let html_str = r#"<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head><style>
body { margin: 0; border-top: 1px solid black; }
.spacer { margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; }
p { margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 5px; }
</style></head>
<body>
<p>Before</p>
<div class="spacer"></div>
<p>After</p>
</body>
</html>"#;
        let doc = we_html::parse_html(html_str);
        let font = test_font();
        let sheets = extract_stylesheets(&doc);
        let styled = resolve_styles(&doc, &sheets, (800.0, 600.0)).unwrap();
        let tree = layout(&styled, &doc, 800.0, 600.0, &font, &HashMap::new());

        let body_box = &tree.root.children[0];
        let before = &body_box.children[0];
        let after = &body_box.children[2]; // [0]=p, [1]=empty div, [2]=p

        // Empty div's margins (10+10) self-collapse to max(10,10)=10.
        // Then collapse with before's bottom (5) and after's top (5):
        // collapse(5, collapse(10, 10)) = collapse(5, 10) = 10
        // Then collapse(10, 5) = 10.
        // So total gap between before and after = 10.
        let before_bottom =
            before.rect.y + before.rect.height + before.padding.bottom + before.border.bottom;
        let gap = after.rect.y - after.border.top - after.padding.top - before_bottom;
        assert!(
            (gap - 10.0).abs() < 1.0,
            "empty block margin collapse gap should be ~10px, got {gap}"
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn collapse_margins_unit() {
        // Unit tests for the collapse_margins helper.
        assert_eq!(collapse_margins(10.0, 20.0), 20.0);
        assert_eq!(collapse_margins(20.0, 10.0), 20.0);
        assert_eq!(collapse_margins(0.0, 15.0), 15.0);
        assert_eq!(collapse_margins(-5.0, -10.0), -10.0);
        assert_eq!(collapse_margins(20.0, -5.0), 15.0);
        assert_eq!(collapse_margins(-5.0, 20.0), 15.0);
        assert_eq!(collapse_margins(0.0, 0.0), 0.0);
    }

    // --- Box-sizing tests ---

    #[test]
    fn content_box_default_width_applies_to_content() {
        // Default box-sizing (content-box): width = content width only.
        let html_str = r#"<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head><style>
body { margin: 0; }
div { width: 200px; padding: 10px; border: 5px solid black; }
</style></head>
<body>
<div>Content</div>
</body>
</html>"#;
        let doc = we_html::parse_html(html_str);
        let font = test_font();
        let sheets = extract_stylesheets(&doc);
        let styled = resolve_styles(&doc, &sheets, (800.0, 600.0)).unwrap();
        let tree = layout(&styled, &doc, 800.0, 600.0, &font, &HashMap::new());

        let body_box = &tree.root.children[0];
        let div_box = &body_box.children[0];

        // content-box: rect.width = 200 (the specified width IS the content)
        assert_eq!(div_box.rect.width, 200.0);
        assert_eq!(div_box.padding.left, 10.0);
        assert_eq!(div_box.padding.right, 10.0);
        assert_eq!(div_box.border.left, 5.0);
        assert_eq!(div_box.border.right, 5.0);
    }

    #[test]
    fn border_box_width_includes_padding_and_border() {
        // box-sizing: border-box: width includes padding and border.
        let html_str = r#"<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head><style>
body { margin: 0; }
div { box-sizing: border-box; width: 200px; padding: 10px; border: 5px solid black; }
</style></head>
<body>
<div>Content</div>
</body>
</html>"#;
        let doc = we_html::parse_html(html_str);
        let font = test_font();
        let sheets = extract_stylesheets(&doc);
        let styled = resolve_styles(&doc, &sheets, (800.0, 600.0)).unwrap();
        let tree = layout(&styled, &doc, 800.0, 600.0, &font, &HashMap::new());

        let body_box = &tree.root.children[0];
        let div_box = &body_box.children[0];

        // border-box: content width = 200 - 10*2 (padding) - 5*2 (border) = 170
        assert_eq!(div_box.rect.width, 170.0);
        assert_eq!(div_box.padding.left, 10.0);
        assert_eq!(div_box.padding.right, 10.0);
        assert_eq!(div_box.border.left, 5.0);
        assert_eq!(div_box.border.right, 5.0);
    }

    #[test]
    fn border_box_padding_exceeds_width_clamps_to_zero() {
        // border-box with padding+border > specified width: content clamps to 0.
        let html_str = r#"<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head><style>
body { margin: 0; }
div { box-sizing: border-box; width: 20px; padding: 15px; border: 5px solid black; }
</style></head>
<body>
<div>X</div>
</body>
</html>"#;
        let doc = we_html::parse_html(html_str);
        let font = test_font();
        let sheets = extract_stylesheets(&doc);
        let styled = resolve_styles(&doc, &sheets, (800.0, 600.0)).unwrap();
        let tree = layout(&styled, &doc, 800.0, 600.0, &font, &HashMap::new());

        let body_box = &tree.root.children[0];
        let div_box = &body_box.children[0];

        // border-box: content = 20 - 15*2 - 5*2 = 20 - 40 = -20 → clamped to 0
        assert_eq!(div_box.rect.width, 0.0);
    }

    #[test]
    fn box_sizing_is_not_inherited() {
        // box-sizing is not inherited: child should use default content-box.
        let html_str = r#"<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head><style>
body { margin: 0; }
.parent { box-sizing: border-box; width: 300px; padding: 10px; border: 5px solid black; }
.child { width: 100px; padding: 10px; border: 5px solid black; }
</style></head>
<body>
<div class="parent"><div class="child">Inner</div></div>
</body>
</html>"#;
        let doc = we_html::parse_html(html_str);
        let font = test_font();
        let sheets = extract_stylesheets(&doc);
        let styled = resolve_styles(&doc, &sheets, (800.0, 600.0)).unwrap();
        let tree = layout(&styled, &doc, 800.0, 600.0, &font, &HashMap::new());

        let body_box = &tree.root.children[0];
        let parent_box = &body_box.children[0];
        let child_box = &parent_box.children[0];

        // Parent: border-box → content = 300 - 20 - 10 = 270
        assert_eq!(parent_box.rect.width, 270.0);
        // Child: default content-box → content = 100 (not reduced by padding/border)
        assert_eq!(child_box.rect.width, 100.0);
    }

    #[test]
    fn border_box_height() {
        // box-sizing: border-box also applies to height.
        let html_str = r#"<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head><style>
body { margin: 0; }
div { box-sizing: border-box; height: 100px; padding: 10px; border: 5px solid black; }
</style></head>
<body>
<div>Content</div>
</body>
</html>"#;
        let doc = we_html::parse_html(html_str);
        let font = test_font();
        let sheets = extract_stylesheets(&doc);
        let styled = resolve_styles(&doc, &sheets, (800.0, 600.0)).unwrap();
        let tree = layout(&styled, &doc, 800.0, 600.0, &font, &HashMap::new());

        let body_box = &tree.root.children[0];
        let div_box = &body_box.children[0];

        // border-box: content height = 100 - 10*2 (padding) - 5*2 (border) = 70
        assert_eq!(div_box.rect.height, 70.0);
    }

    #[test]
    fn content_box_explicit_height() {
        // content-box: height applies to content only.
        let html_str = r#"<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head><style>
body { margin: 0; }
div { height: 100px; padding: 10px; border: 5px solid black; }
</style></head>
<body>
<div>Content</div>
</body>
</html>"#;
        let doc = we_html::parse_html(html_str);
        let font = test_font();
        let sheets = extract_stylesheets(&doc);
        let styled = resolve_styles(&doc, &sheets, (800.0, 600.0)).unwrap();
        let tree = layout(&styled, &doc, 800.0, 600.0, &font, &HashMap::new());

        let body_box = &tree.root.children[0];
        let div_box = &body_box.children[0];

        // content-box: rect.height = 100 (specified height IS content height)
        assert_eq!(div_box.rect.height, 100.0);
    }

    // --- Visibility / display:none tests ---

    #[test]
    fn display_none_excludes_from_layout_tree() {
        let html_str = r#"<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head><style>
body { margin: 0; }
.hidden { display: none; }
p { margin: 0; }
</style></head>
<body>
<p>First</p>
<div class="hidden">Hidden content</div>
<p>Second</p>
</body>
</html>"#;
        let doc = we_html::parse_html(html_str);
        let font = test_font();
        let sheets = extract_stylesheets(&doc);
        let styled = resolve_styles(&doc, &sheets, (800.0, 600.0)).unwrap();
        let tree = layout(&styled, &doc, 800.0, 600.0, &font, &HashMap::new());

        let body_box = &tree.root.children[0];
        // display:none element is excluded — body should have only 2 children.
        assert_eq!(body_box.children.len(), 2);

        let first = &body_box.children[0];
        let second = &body_box.children[1];
        // Second paragraph should be directly below first (no gap for hidden).
        assert!(
            second.rect.y == first.rect.y + first.rect.height,
            "display:none should not occupy space"
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn visibility_hidden_preserves_layout_space() {
        let html_str = r#"<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head><style>
body { margin: 0; }
.hidden { visibility: hidden; height: 50px; margin: 0; }
p { margin: 0; }
</style></head>
<body>
<p>First</p>
<div class="hidden">Hidden</div>
<p>Second</p>
</body>
</html>"#;
        let doc = we_html::parse_html(html_str);
        let font = test_font();
        let sheets = extract_stylesheets(&doc);
        let styled = resolve_styles(&doc, &sheets, (800.0, 600.0)).unwrap();
        let tree = layout(&styled, &doc, 800.0, 600.0, &font, &HashMap::new());

        let body_box = &tree.root.children[0];
        // visibility:hidden still in layout tree — body has 3 children.
        assert_eq!(body_box.children.len(), 3);

        let hidden_box = &body_box.children[1];
        assert_eq!(hidden_box.visibility, Visibility::Hidden);
        assert_eq!(hidden_box.rect.height, 50.0);

        let second = &body_box.children[2];
        // Second paragraph should be below hidden div (it occupies 50px).
        assert!(
            second.rect.y >= hidden_box.rect.y + 50.0,
            "visibility:hidden should preserve layout space"
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn visibility_inherited_by_children() {
        let html_str = r#"<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head><style>
body { margin: 0; }
.parent { visibility: hidden; }
</style></head>
<body>
<div class="parent"><p>Child</p></div>
</body>
</html>"#;
        let doc = we_html::parse_html(html_str);
        let font = test_font();
        let sheets = extract_stylesheets(&doc);
        let styled = resolve_styles(&doc, &sheets, (800.0, 600.0)).unwrap();
        let tree = layout(&styled, &doc, 800.0, 600.0, &font, &HashMap::new());

        let body_box = &tree.root.children[0];
        let parent_box = &body_box.children[0];
        let child_box = &parent_box.children[0];
        assert_eq!(parent_box.visibility, Visibility::Hidden);
        assert_eq!(child_box.visibility, Visibility::Hidden);
    }

    #[test]
    fn visibility_visible_overrides_hidden_parent() {
        let html_str = r#"<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head><style>
body { margin: 0; }
.parent { visibility: hidden; }
.child { visibility: visible; }
</style></head>
<body>
<div class="parent"><p class="child">Visible child</p></div>
</body>
</html>"#;
        let doc = we_html::parse_html(html_str);
        let font = test_font();
        let sheets = extract_stylesheets(&doc);
        let styled = resolve_styles(&doc, &sheets, (800.0, 600.0)).unwrap();
        let tree = layout(&styled, &doc, 800.0, 600.0, &font, &HashMap::new());

        let body_box = &tree.root.children[0];
        let parent_box = &body_box.children[0];
        let child_box = &parent_box.children[0];
        assert_eq!(parent_box.visibility, Visibility::Hidden);
        assert_eq!(child_box.visibility, Visibility::Visible);
    }

    #[test]
    fn visibility_collapse_on_non_table_treated_as_hidden() {
        let html_str = r#"<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head><style>
body { margin: 0; }
div { visibility: collapse; height: 50px; }
</style></head>
<body>
<div>Collapsed</div>
</body>
</html>"#;
        let doc = we_html::parse_html(html_str);
        let font = test_font();
        let sheets = extract_stylesheets(&doc);
        let styled = resolve_styles(&doc, &sheets, (800.0, 600.0)).unwrap();
        let tree = layout(&styled, &doc, 800.0, 600.0, &font, &HashMap::new());

        let body_box = &tree.root.children[0];
        let div_box = &body_box.children[0];
        assert_eq!(div_box.visibility, Visibility::Collapse);
        // Still occupies space (non-table collapse = hidden behavior).
        assert_eq!(div_box.rect.height, 50.0);
    }

    // --- Viewport units and percentage resolution tests ---

    #[test]
    fn width_50_percent_resolves_to_half_containing_block() {
        let html_str = r#"<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head><style>
body { margin: 0; }
div { width: 50%; }
</style></head>
<body><div>Half width</div></body>
</html>"#;
        let doc = we_html::parse_html(html_str);
        let font = test_font();
        let sheets = extract_stylesheets(&doc);
        let styled = resolve_styles(&doc, &sheets, (800.0, 600.0)).unwrap();
        let tree = layout(&styled, &doc, 800.0, 600.0, &font, &HashMap::new());

        let body_box = &tree.root.children[0];
        let div_box = &body_box.children[0];
        assert!(
            (div_box.rect.width - 400.0).abs() < 0.01,
            "width: 50% should be 400px on 800px viewport, got {}",
            div_box.rect.width
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn margin_10_percent_resolves_against_containing_block_width() {
        let html_str = r#"<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head><style>
body { margin: 0; }
div { margin: 10%; width: 100px; height: 50px; }
</style></head>
<body><div>Box</div></body>
</html>"#;
        let doc = we_html::parse_html(html_str);
        let font = test_font();
        let sheets = extract_stylesheets(&doc);
        let styled = resolve_styles(&doc, &sheets, (800.0, 600.0)).unwrap();
        let tree = layout(&styled, &doc, 800.0, 600.0, &font, &HashMap::new());

        let body_box = &tree.root.children[0];
        let div_box = &body_box.children[0];
        // All margins (including top/bottom) resolve against containing block WIDTH.
        assert!(
            (div_box.margin.left - 80.0).abs() < 0.01,
            "margin-left: 10% should be 80px on 800px viewport, got {}",
            div_box.margin.left
        );
        assert!(
            (div_box.margin.top - 80.0).abs() < 0.01,
            "margin-top: 10% should be 80px (against width, not height), got {}",
            div_box.margin.top
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn width_50vw_resolves_to_half_viewport() {
        let html_str = r#"<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head><style>
body { margin: 0; }
div { width: 50vw; }
</style></head>
<body><div>Half viewport</div></body>
</html>"#;
        let doc = we_html::parse_html(html_str);
        let font = test_font();
        let sheets = extract_stylesheets(&doc);
        let styled = resolve_styles(&doc, &sheets, (800.0, 600.0)).unwrap();
        let tree = layout(&styled, &doc, 800.0, 600.0, &font, &HashMap::new());

        let body_box = &tree.root.children[0];
        let div_box = &body_box.children[0];
        assert!(
            (div_box.rect.width - 400.0).abs() < 0.01,
            "width: 50vw should be 400px on 800px viewport, got {}",
            div_box.rect.width
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn height_100vh_resolves_to_full_viewport() {
        let html_str = r#"<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head><style>
body { margin: 0; }
div { height: 100vh; }
</style></head>
<body><div>Full height</div></body>
</html>"#;
        let doc = we_html::parse_html(html_str);
        let font = test_font();
        let sheets = extract_stylesheets(&doc);
        let styled = resolve_styles(&doc, &sheets, (800.0, 600.0)).unwrap();
        let tree = layout(&styled, &doc, 800.0, 600.0, &font, &HashMap::new());

        let body_box = &tree.root.children[0];
        let div_box = &body_box.children[0];
        assert!(
            (div_box.rect.height - 600.0).abs() < 0.01,
            "height: 100vh should be 600px on 600px viewport, got {}",
            div_box.rect.height
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn font_size_5vmin_resolves_to_smaller_dimension() {
        let html_str = r#"<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head><style>
body { margin: 0; }
p { font-size: 5vmin; }
</style></head>
<body><p>Text</p></body>
</html>"#;
        let doc = we_html::parse_html(html_str);
        let font = test_font();
        let sheets = extract_stylesheets(&doc);
        // viewport 800x600 → vmin = 600
        let styled = resolve_styles(&doc, &sheets, (800.0, 600.0)).unwrap();
        let tree = layout(&styled, &doc, 800.0, 600.0, &font, &HashMap::new());

        let body_box = &tree.root.children[0];
        let p_box = &body_box.children[0];
        // 5vmin = 5% of min(800, 600) = 5% of 600 = 30px
        assert!(
            (p_box.font_size - 30.0).abs() < 0.01,
            "font-size: 5vmin should be 30px, got {}",
            p_box.font_size
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn nested_percentage_widths_compound() {
        let html_str = r#"<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head><style>
body { margin: 0; }
.outer { width: 50%; }
.inner { width: 50%; }
</style></head>
<body>
<div class="outer"><div class="inner">Nested</div></div>
</body>
</html>"#;
        let doc = we_html::parse_html(html_str);
        let font = test_font();
        let sheets = extract_stylesheets(&doc);
        let styled = resolve_styles(&doc, &sheets, (800.0, 600.0)).unwrap();
        let tree = layout(&styled, &doc, 800.0, 600.0, &font, &HashMap::new());

        let body_box = &tree.root.children[0];
        let outer_box = &body_box.children[0];
        let inner_box = &outer_box.children[0];
        // outer = 50% of 800 = 400
        assert!(
            (outer_box.rect.width - 400.0).abs() < 0.01,
            "outer width should be 400px, got {}",
            outer_box.rect.width
        );
        // inner = 50% of 400 = 200
        assert!(
            (inner_box.rect.width - 200.0).abs() < 0.01,
            "inner width should be 200px (50% of 400), got {}",
            inner_box.rect.width
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn padding_percent_resolves_against_width() {
        let html_str = r#"<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head><style>
body { margin: 0; }
div { padding: 5%; width: 400px; }
</style></head>
<body><div>Content</div></body>
</html>"#;
        let doc = we_html::parse_html(html_str);
        let font = test_font();
        let sheets = extract_stylesheets(&doc);
        let styled = resolve_styles(&doc, &sheets, (800.0, 600.0)).unwrap();
        let tree = layout(&styled, &doc, 800.0, 600.0, &font, &HashMap::new());

        let body_box = &tree.root.children[0];
        let div_box = &body_box.children[0];
        // padding: 5% resolves against containing block width (800px)
        assert!(
            (div_box.padding.top - 40.0).abs() < 0.01,
            "padding-top: 5% should be 40px (5% of 800), got {}",
            div_box.padding.top
        );
        assert!(
            (div_box.padding.left - 40.0).abs() < 0.01,
            "padding-left: 5% should be 40px (5% of 800), got {}",
            div_box.padding.left
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn vmax_uses_larger_dimension() {
        let html_str = r#"<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head><style>
body { margin: 0; }
div { width: 10vmax; }
</style></head>
<body><div>Content</div></body>
</html>"#;
        let doc = we_html::parse_html(html_str);
        let font = test_font();
        let sheets = extract_stylesheets(&doc);
        // viewport 800x600 → vmax = 800
        let styled = resolve_styles(&doc, &sheets, (800.0, 600.0)).unwrap();
        let tree = layout(&styled, &doc, 800.0, 600.0, &font, &HashMap::new());

        let body_box = &tree.root.children[0];
        let div_box = &body_box.children[0];
        // 10vmax = 10% of max(800, 600) = 10% of 800 = 80px
        assert!(
            (div_box.rect.width - 80.0).abs() < 0.01,
            "width: 10vmax should be 80px, got {}",
            div_box.rect.width
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn height_50_percent_resolves_against_viewport() {
        let html_str = r#"<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head><style>
body { margin: 0; }
div { height: 50%; }
</style></head>
<body><div>Half height</div></body>
</html>"#;
        let doc = we_html::parse_html(html_str);
        let font = test_font();
        let sheets = extract_stylesheets(&doc);
        let styled = resolve_styles(&doc, &sheets, (800.0, 600.0)).unwrap();
        let tree = layout(&styled, &doc, 800.0, 600.0, &font, &HashMap::new());

        let body_box = &tree.root.children[0];
        let div_box = &body_box.children[0];
        // height: 50% resolves against viewport height (600)
        assert!(
            (div_box.rect.height - 300.0).abs() < 0.01,
            "height: 50% should be 300px on 600px viewport, got {}",
            div_box.rect.height
        );
    }

    // -----------------------------------------------------------------------
    // Flexbox tests
    // -----------------------------------------------------------------------

    #[test]
    fn flex_row_default_items_laid_out_horizontally() {
        let html_str = r#"<!DOCTYPE html>
<html><head><style>
body { margin: 0; }
.container { display: flex; width: 600px; }
.item { width: 100px; height: 50px; }
</style></head>
<body>
<div class="container">
  <div class="item">A</div>
  <div class="item">B</div>
  <div class="item">C</div>
</div>
</body></html>"#;
        let doc = we_html::parse_html(html_str);
        let tree = layout_doc(&doc);

        let body = &tree.root.children[0];
        let container = &body.children[0];
        assert_eq!(container.children.len(), 3);

        // Items should be at x=0, 100, 200
        assert!(
            (container.children[0].rect.x - 0.0).abs() < 1.0,
            "first item x should be 0, got {}",
            container.children[0].rect.x
        );
        assert!(
            (container.children[1].rect.x - 100.0).abs() < 1.0,
            "second item x should be 100, got {}",
            container.children[1].rect.x
        );
        assert!(
            (container.children[2].rect.x - 200.0).abs() < 1.0,
            "third item x should be 200, got {}",
            container.children[2].rect.x
        );

        // All items should have the same y.
        let y0 = container.children[0].rect.y;
        assert!((container.children[1].rect.y - y0).abs() < 1.0);
        assert!((container.children[2].rect.y - y0).abs() < 1.0);
    }

    #[test]
    fn flex_direction_column() {
        let html_str = r#"<!DOCTYPE html>
<html><head><style>
body { margin: 0; }
.container { display: flex; flex-direction: column; width: 600px; }
.item { height: 50px; }
</style></head>
<body>
<div class="container">
  <div class="item">A</div>
  <div class="item">B</div>
  <div class="item">C</div>
</div>
</body></html>"#;
        let doc = we_html::parse_html(html_str);
        let tree = layout_doc(&doc);

        let body = &tree.root.children[0];
        let container = &body.children[0];
        assert_eq!(container.children.len(), 3);

        // Items should be stacked vertically at y offsets: 0, 50, 100 (relative to container).
        let cy = container.rect.y;
        assert!((container.children[0].rect.y - cy).abs() < 1.0);
        assert!(
            (container.children[1].rect.y - cy - 50.0).abs() < 1.0,
            "second item y should be {}, got {}",
            cy + 50.0,
            container.children[1].rect.y
        );
        assert!(
            (container.children[2].rect.y - cy - 100.0).abs() < 1.0,
            "third item y should be {}, got {}",
            cy + 100.0,
            container.children[2].rect.y
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn flex_grow_distributes_space() {
        let html_str = r#"<!DOCTYPE html>
<html><head><style>
body { margin: 0; }
.container { display: flex; width: 600px; }
.a { flex-grow: 1; flex-basis: 0; height: 50px; }
.b { flex-grow: 2; flex-basis: 0; height: 50px; }
.c { flex-grow: 1; flex-basis: 0; height: 50px; }
</style></head>
<body>
<div class="container">
  <div class="a">A</div>
  <div class="b">B</div>
  <div class="c">C</div>
</div>
</body></html>"#;
        let doc = we_html::parse_html(html_str);
        let tree = layout_doc(&doc);

        let body = &tree.root.children[0];
        let container = &body.children[0];

        // flex-grow 1:2:1 should split 600px as 150:300:150
        let a = &container.children[0];
        let b = &container.children[1];
        let c = &container.children[2];

        assert!(
            (a.rect.width - 150.0).abs() < 1.0,
            "item A width should be 150, got {}",
            a.rect.width
        );
        assert!(
            (b.rect.width - 300.0).abs() < 1.0,
            "item B width should be 300, got {}",
            b.rect.width
        );
        assert!(
            (c.rect.width - 150.0).abs() < 1.0,
            "item C width should be 150, got {}",
            c.rect.width
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn flex_justify_content_center() {
        let html_str = r#"<!DOCTYPE html>
<html><head><style>
body { margin: 0; }
.container { display: flex; width: 600px; justify-content: center; }
.item { width: 100px; height: 50px; }
</style></head>
<body>
<div class="container">
  <div class="item">A</div>
  <div class="item">B</div>
</div>
</body></html>"#;
        let doc = we_html::parse_html(html_str);
        let tree = layout_doc(&doc);

        let body = &tree.root.children[0];
        let container = &body.children[0];

        // 600px container, 200px of items, 400px free space, offset = 200.
        let a = &container.children[0];
        let b = &container.children[1];

        assert!(
            (a.rect.x - 200.0).abs() < 1.0,
            "first item x should be 200, got {}",
            a.rect.x
        );
        assert!(
            (b.rect.x - 300.0).abs() < 1.0,
            "second item x should be 300, got {}",
            b.rect.x
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn flex_justify_content_space_between() {
        let html_str = r#"<!DOCTYPE html>
<html><head><style>
body { margin: 0; }
.container { display: flex; width: 600px; justify-content: space-between; }
.item { width: 100px; height: 50px; }
</style></head>
<body>
<div class="container">
  <div class="item">A</div>
  <div class="item">B</div>
  <div class="item">C</div>
</div>
</body></html>"#;
        let doc = we_html::parse_html(html_str);
        let tree = layout_doc(&doc);

        let body = &tree.root.children[0];
        let container = &body.children[0];

        // 3 items of 100px each = 300px, 300px free, between = 150
        // Positions: 0, 250, 500
        let a = &container.children[0];
        let b = &container.children[1];
        let c = &container.children[2];

        assert!(
            (a.rect.x - 0.0).abs() < 1.0,
            "first item x should be 0, got {}",
            a.rect.x
        );
        assert!(
            (b.rect.x - 250.0).abs() < 1.0,
            "second item x should be 250, got {}",
            b.rect.x
        );
        assert!(
            (c.rect.x - 500.0).abs() < 1.0,
            "third item x should be 500, got {}",
            c.rect.x
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn flex_align_items_center() {
        let html_str = r#"<!DOCTYPE html>
<html><head><style>
body { margin: 0; }
.container { display: flex; width: 600px; height: 200px; align-items: center; }
.item { width: 100px; height: 50px; }
</style></head>
<body>
<div class="container">
  <div class="item">A</div>
</div>
</body></html>"#;
        let doc = we_html::parse_html(html_str);
        let tree = layout_doc(&doc);

        let body = &tree.root.children[0];
        let container = &body.children[0];
        let a = &container.children[0];

        // Container height=200, item height=50, centered at y = container.y + 75
        let expected_y = container.rect.y + 75.0;
        assert!(
            (a.rect.y - expected_y).abs() < 1.0,
            "item y should be {}, got {}",
            expected_y,
            a.rect.y
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn flex_wrap_wraps_to_new_line() {
        let html_str = r#"<!DOCTYPE html>
<html><head><style>
body { margin: 0; }
.container { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; width: 250px; }
.item { width: 100px; height: 50px; }
</style></head>
<body>
<div class="container">
  <div class="item">A</div>
  <div class="item">B</div>
  <div class="item">C</div>
</div>
</body></html>"#;
        let doc = we_html::parse_html(html_str);
        let tree = layout_doc(&doc);

        let body = &tree.root.children[0];
        let container = &body.children[0];

        // 250px container, 100px items: A and B fit on line 1, C wraps to line 2
        let a = &container.children[0];
        let b = &container.children[1];
        let c = &container.children[2];

        // A and B should be on the same row
        assert!((a.rect.y - b.rect.y).abs() < 1.0);
        // C should be on a different row (50px below)
        assert!(
            (c.rect.y - a.rect.y - 50.0).abs() < 1.0,
            "C should be 50px below A, got y diff {}",
            c.rect.y - a.rect.y
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn flex_gap_adds_spacing() {
        let html_str = r#"<!DOCTYPE html>
<html><head><style>
body { margin: 0; }
.container { display: flex; width: 600px; gap: 20px; }
.item { width: 100px; height: 50px; }
</style></head>
<body>
<div class="container">
  <div class="item">A</div>
  <div class="item">B</div>
  <div class="item">C</div>
</div>
</body></html>"#;
        let doc = we_html::parse_html(html_str);
        let tree = layout_doc(&doc);

        let body = &tree.root.children[0];
        let container = &body.children[0];

        let a = &container.children[0];
        let b = &container.children[1];
        let c = &container.children[2];

        // With gap: 20px, positions should be: 0, 120, 240
        assert!((a.rect.x - 0.0).abs() < 1.0);
        assert!(
            (b.rect.x - 120.0).abs() < 1.0,
            "B x should be 120, got {}",
            b.rect.x
        );
        assert!(
            (c.rect.x - 240.0).abs() < 1.0,
            "C x should be 240, got {}",
            c.rect.x
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn flex_order_changes_visual_order() {
        let html_str = r#"<!DOCTYPE html>
<html><head><style>
body { margin: 0; }
.container { display: flex; width: 600px; }
.a { width: 100px; height: 50px; order: 2; }
.b { width: 100px; height: 50px; order: 1; }
.c { width: 100px; height: 50px; order: 3; }
</style></head>
<body>
<div class="container">
  <div class="a">A</div>
  <div class="b">B</div>
  <div class="c">C</div>
</div>
</body></html>"#;
        let doc = we_html::parse_html(html_str);
        let tree = layout_doc(&doc);

        let body = &tree.root.children[0];
        let container = &body.children[0];

        // DOM order: A(order:2), B(order:1), C(order:3)
        // Visual order: B(1), A(2), C(3)
        // B is at index 1 in DOM, A at 0, C at 2.
        // B (index 1) should be first visually (x ≈ 0)
        // A (index 0) should be second visually (x ≈ 100)
        // C (index 2) should be third visually (x ≈ 200)
        let a = &container.children[0]; // DOM index 0, order 2
        let b = &container.children[1]; // DOM index 1, order 1
        let c = &container.children[2]; // DOM index 2, order 3

        assert!(
            b.rect.x < a.rect.x,
            "B (order:1) should be before A (order:2), B.x={} A.x={}",
            b.rect.x,
            a.rect.x
        );
        assert!(
            a.rect.x < c.rect.x,
            "A (order:2) should be before C (order:3), A.x={} C.x={}",
            a.rect.x,
            c.rect.x
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn flex_shrink_items() {
        let html_str = r#"<!DOCTYPE html>
<html><head><style>
body { margin: 0; }
.container { display: flex; width: 200px; }
.item { width: 100px; height: 50px; flex-shrink: 1; }
</style></head>
<body>
<div class="container">
  <div class="item">A</div>
  <div class="item">B</div>
  <div class="item">C</div>
</div>
</body></html>"#;
        let doc = we_html::parse_html(html_str);
        let tree = layout_doc(&doc);

        let body = &tree.root.children[0];
        let container = &body.children[0];

        // 3 items * 100px = 300px in 200px container, shrink evenly
        // Each should be ~66.67px
        for (i, child) in container.children.iter().enumerate() {
            assert!(
                (child.rect.width - 200.0 / 3.0).abs() < 1.0,
                "item {} width should be ~66.67, got {}",
                i,
                child.rect.width
            );
        }
    }

    // -----------------------------------------------------------------------
    // Absolute positioning tests
    // -----------------------------------------------------------------------

    /// Helper to create: <html><body>...content...</body></html> and return
    /// (doc, html_id, body_id).
    fn make_html_body(doc: &mut Document) -> (NodeId, NodeId, NodeId) {
        let root = doc.root();
        let html = doc.create_element("html");
        let body = doc.create_element("body");
        doc.append_child(root, html);
        doc.append_child(html, body);
        (root, html, body)
    }

    #[test]
    fn absolute_positioned_with_top_left() {
        let mut doc = Document::new();
        let (_, _, body) = make_html_body(&mut doc);
        // <div style="position: relative; width: 400px; height: 300px;">
        //   <div style="position: absolute; top: 10px; left: 20px; width: 100px; height: 50px;"></div>
        // </div>
        let container = doc.create_element("div");
        let abs_child = doc.create_element("div");
        doc.append_child(body, container);
        doc.append_child(container, abs_child);
        doc.set_attribute(
            container,
            "style",
            "position: relative; width: 400px; height: 300px;",
        );
        doc.set_attribute(
            abs_child,
            "style",
            "position: absolute; top: 10px; left: 20px; width: 100px; height: 50px;",
        );

        let tree = layout_doc(&doc);
        let body_box = &tree.root.children[0];
        let container_box = &body_box.children[0];
        let abs_box = &container_box.children[0];

        assert_eq!(abs_box.position, Position::Absolute);
        assert_eq!(abs_box.rect.width, 100.0);
        assert_eq!(abs_box.rect.height, 50.0);

        // The containing block is the container's padding box.
        // Container content starts at container_box.rect.x, container_box.rect.y.
        // Padding box x = container_box.rect.x - container_box.padding.left.
        let cb_x = container_box.rect.x - container_box.padding.left;
        let cb_y = container_box.rect.y - container_box.padding.top;

        // abs_box content area x = cb_x + 20 (left) + 0 (margin) + 0 (border) + 0 (padding)
        assert!(
            (abs_box.rect.x - (cb_x + 20.0)).abs() < 0.01,
            "abs x should be cb_x + 20, got {} (cb_x={})",
            abs_box.rect.x,
            cb_x,
        );
        assert!(
            (abs_box.rect.y - (cb_y + 10.0)).abs() < 0.01,
            "abs y should be cb_y + 10, got {} (cb_y={})",
            abs_box.rect.y,
            cb_y,
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn absolute_does_not_affect_sibling_layout() {
        let mut doc = Document::new();
        let (_, _, body) = make_html_body(&mut doc);
        // <div style="position: relative;">
        //   <div style="position: absolute; top: 0; left: 0; width: 100px; height: 100px;"></div>
        //   <p>Normal text</p>
        // </div>
        let container = doc.create_element("div");
        let abs_child = doc.create_element("div");
        let p = doc.create_element("p");
        let text = doc.create_text("Normal text");
        doc.append_child(body, container);
        doc.append_child(container, abs_child);
        doc.append_child(container, p);
        doc.append_child(p, text);
        doc.set_attribute(container, "style", "position: relative;");
        doc.set_attribute(
            abs_child,
            "style",
            "position: absolute; top: 0; left: 0; width: 100px; height: 100px;",
        );

        let tree = layout_doc(&doc);
        let body_box = &tree.root.children[0];
        let container_box = &body_box.children[0];

        // The <p> should start at the top of the container (abs child doesn't
        // push it down). Find the first in-flow child.
        let p_box = container_box
            .children
            .iter()
            .find(|c| c.position != Position::Absolute && c.position != Position::Fixed)
            .expect("should have an in-flow child");

        // p's y should be at (or very near) the container's content y.
        let expected_y = container_box.rect.y;
        assert!(
            (p_box.rect.y - expected_y).abs() < 1.0,
            "p should start near container top: p.y={}, expected={}",
            p_box.rect.y,
            expected_y,
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn fixed_positioned_relative_to_viewport() {
        let mut doc = Document::new();
        let (_, _, body) = make_html_body(&mut doc);
        // <div style="position: fixed; top: 5px; left: 10px; width: 50px; height: 30px;"></div>
        let fixed = doc.create_element("div");
        doc.append_child(body, fixed);
        doc.set_attribute(
            fixed,
            "style",
            "position: fixed; top: 5px; left: 10px; width: 50px; height: 30px;",
        );

        let tree = layout_doc(&doc);
        let body_box = &tree.root.children[0];
        let fixed_box = &body_box.children[0];

        assert_eq!(fixed_box.position, Position::Fixed);
        assert_eq!(fixed_box.rect.width, 50.0);
        assert_eq!(fixed_box.rect.height, 30.0);

        // Fixed should be relative to viewport (0,0).
        assert!(
            (fixed_box.rect.x - 10.0).abs() < 0.01,
            "fixed x should be 10, got {}",
            fixed_box.rect.x,
        );
        assert!(
            (fixed_box.rect.y - 5.0).abs() < 0.01,
            "fixed y should be 5, got {}",
            fixed_box.rect.y,
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn z_index_ordering() {
        let mut doc = Document::new();
        let (_, _, body) = make_html_body(&mut doc);
        // Create a positioned container with two abs children at different z-index.
        let container = doc.create_element("div");
        let low = doc.create_element("div");
        let high = doc.create_element("div");
        doc.append_child(body, container);
        doc.append_child(container, low);
        doc.append_child(container, high);
        doc.set_attribute(
            container,
            "style",
            "position: relative; width: 200px; height: 200px;",
        );
        doc.set_attribute(
            low,
            "style",
            "position: absolute; z-index: 1; top: 0; left: 0; width: 50px; height: 50px;",
        );
        doc.set_attribute(
            high,
            "style",
            "position: absolute; z-index: 5; top: 0; left: 0; width: 50px; height: 50px;",
        );

        let tree = layout_doc(&doc);
        let body_box = &tree.root.children[0];
        let container_box = &body_box.children[0];

        // Both should have correct z-index stored.
        let low_box = &container_box.children[0];
        let high_box = &container_box.children[1];
        assert_eq!(low_box.z_index, Some(1));
        assert_eq!(high_box.z_index, Some(5));
    }

    #[test]
    fn absolute_stretching_left_right() {
        let mut doc = Document::new();
        let (_, _, body) = make_html_body(&mut doc);
        // <div style="position: relative; width: 400px; height: 300px;">
        //   <div style="position: absolute; left: 10px; right: 20px; height: 50px;"></div>
        // </div>
        let container = doc.create_element("div");
        let abs_child = doc.create_element("div");
        doc.append_child(body, container);
        doc.append_child(container, abs_child);
        doc.set_attribute(
            container,
            "style",
            "position: relative; width: 400px; height: 300px;",
        );
        doc.set_attribute(
            abs_child,
            "style",
            "position: absolute; left: 10px; right: 20px; height: 50px;",
        );

        let tree = layout_doc(&doc);
        let body_box = &tree.root.children[0];
        let container_box = &body_box.children[0];
        let abs_box = &container_box.children[0];

        // Width should be: container_width - left - right = 400 - 10 - 20 = 370
        assert!(
            (abs_box.rect.width - 370.0).abs() < 0.01,
            "stretched width should be 370, got {}",
            abs_box.rect.width,
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn absolute_bottom_right_positioning() {
        let mut doc = Document::new();
        let (_, _, body) = make_html_body(&mut doc);
        // <div style="position: relative; width: 400px; height: 300px;">
        //   <div style="position: absolute; bottom: 10px; right: 20px; width: 50px; height: 30px;"></div>
        // </div>
        let container = doc.create_element("div");
        let abs_child = doc.create_element("div");
        doc.append_child(body, container);
        doc.append_child(container, abs_child);
        doc.set_attribute(
            container,
            "style",
            "position: relative; width: 400px; height: 300px;",
        );
        doc.set_attribute(
            abs_child,
            "style",
            "position: absolute; bottom: 10px; right: 20px; width: 50px; height: 30px;",
        );

        let tree = layout_doc(&doc);
        let body_box = &tree.root.children[0];
        let container_box = &body_box.children[0];
        let abs_box = &container_box.children[0];

        let cb_x = container_box.rect.x - container_box.padding.left;
        let cb_y = container_box.rect.y - container_box.padding.top;
        let cb_w =
            container_box.rect.width + container_box.padding.left + container_box.padding.right;
        let cb_h =
            container_box.rect.height + container_box.padding.top + container_box.padding.bottom;

        // x = cb_x + cb_w - right - width = cb_x + cb_w - 20 - 50
        let expected_x = cb_x + cb_w - 20.0 - 50.0;
        // y = cb_y + cb_h - bottom - height = cb_y + cb_h - 10 - 30
        let expected_y = cb_y + cb_h - 10.0 - 30.0;

        assert!(
            (abs_box.rect.x - expected_x).abs() < 0.01,
            "abs x with right should be {}, got {}",
            expected_x,
            abs_box.rect.x,
        );
        assert!(
            (abs_box.rect.y - expected_y).abs() < 0.01,
            "abs y with bottom should be {}, got {}",
            expected_y,
            abs_box.rect.y,
        );
    }
}