const std = @import("std");
const assert = std.debug.assert;
const io = std.io;
const net = std.net;

pub const BytePacketBuffer = struct {
    buf: [512]u8 = undefined,
    pos: usize = 0,

    pub const ReadError = error{
        EndOfBuffer,
        JumpLimitExceeded,
    };

    pub const Reader = io.Reader(*BytePacketBuffer, ReadError, read);

    /// Change the buffer position forward a specific number of steps
    pub fn step(self: *BytePacketBuffer, pos: usize) void {
        self.pos += pos;
    }

    /// Chanke the buffer position
    pub fn seek(self: *BytePacketBuffer, pos: usize) void {
        self.pos = pos;
    }

    pub fn reader(self: *BytePacketBuffer) Reader {
        return .{ .context = self };
    }

    /// Read a single byte and move the position one step forward
    pub fn read(self: *BytePacketBuffer, dest: []u8) ReadError!usize {
        if (self.pos + dest.len > self.buf.len)
            return ReadError.EndOfBuffer;
        const size = dest.len;
        const end = self.pos + size;
        @memcpy(dest[0..size], self.buf[self.pos..end]);
        self.pos = end;
        return size;
    }

    /// Get a single byte without changing the buffer position
    pub fn get(self: *const BytePacketBuffer, pos: usize) ReadError!u8 {
        if (pos >= comptime self.buf.len) return ReadError.EndOfBuffer;
        return self.buf[pos];
    }

    /// Get a range of bytes
    pub fn getRange(self: *const BytePacketBuffer, start: usize, len: usize) ReadError![]const u8 {
        if (start + len >= comptime self.buf.len) return ReadError.EndOfBuffer;
        return self.buf[start .. start + len];
    }

    /// Read a qname
    ///
    /// The tricky part: Reading domain names, taking labels into consideration.
    /// Will take something like [3]www[6]google[3]com and append
    /// www.google.com to outstr.
    pub fn readQname(self: *BytePacketBuffer, outstr: []u8) ReadError!void {
        // We might encounter jumps, therefore we need to keep thrack of our position locally
        var pos = self.pos;
        var out_pos: usize = 0;

        // track whether or nor we've jumped
        var jumped = false;
        const max_jumps: usize = 5;
        var jumps_performed: usize = 0;

        var delim: ?[]const u8 = null;
        while (true) {
            if (jumps_performed > max_jumps) return ReadError.JumpLimitExceeded;

            // Each label starts with a length byte
            const len = try self.get(pos);

            // If len has the two most signigicant bit set, it represents a jump to some other
            // offset in the packet:
            if ((len & 0xC0) == 0xC0) {
                // Update the buffer position to a point past the current label
                if (!jumped) self.seek(2);

                // Read another byte, calculate offset and performe the jump by updating our
                // local position variable
                const b2 = @as(u16, try self.get(pos + 1));
                const offset = ((@as(u16, len) ^ 0xC0) << 8) | b2;
                pos = @as(usize, offset);

                // Indicate that a jump was performed
                jumped = true;
                jumps_performed += 1;

                continue;
            } else {
                // Move a single byte forward to move path the length
                self.pos += 1;
                pos += 1;

                // Domain names are terminated by an empty label of length 0, so if the length
                // is zero we're done
                if (len == 0) break;

                if (delim) |del| {
                    @memcpy(outstr[out_pos .. out_pos + del.len], del);
                    out_pos += del.len;
                }

                const read_len = try self.read(outstr[out_pos .. out_pos + len]);
                assert(read_len == len);

                delim = ".";

                pos += len;
                out_pos += len;
            }
        }

        if (!jumped) self.seek(1);
    }

    /// Read a qname
    ///
    /// The tricky part: Reading domain names, taking labels into consideration.
    /// Will take something like [3]www[6]google[3]com and append
    /// www.google.com to outstr.
    pub fn readQnameAlloc(self: *BytePacketBuffer, alloc: std.mem.Allocator) ![]u8 {
        var buffer: std.ArrayList(u8) = .init(alloc);

        // We might encounter jumps, therefore we need to keep thrack of our position locally
        var pos = self.pos;

        // track whether or nor we've jumped
        var jumped = false;
        const max_jumps: usize = 5;
        var jumps_performed: usize = 0;

        var delim: ?[]const u8 = null;
        while (true) {
            if (jumps_performed > max_jumps) return ReadError.JumpLimitExceeded;

            // Each label starts with a length byte
            const len = try self.get(pos);

            // If len has the two most signigicant bit set, it represents a jump to some other
            // offset in the packet:
            if ((len & 0xC0) == 0xC0) {
                // Update the buffer position to a point past the current label
                if (!jumped) self.seek(2);

                // Read another byte, calculate offset and performe the jump by updating our
                // local position variable
                const b2 = @as(u16, try self.get(pos + 1));
                const offset = ((@as(u16, len) ^ 0xC0) << 8) | b2;
                pos = @as(usize, offset);

                // Indicate that a jump was performed
                jumped = true;
                jumps_performed += 1;

                continue;
            } else {
                // Move a single byte forward to move path the length
                self.pos += 1;
                pos += 1;

                // Domain names are terminated by an empty label of length 0, so if the length
                // is zero we're done
                if (len == 0) break;

                if (delim) |del| {
                    try buffer.appendSlice(del);
                }

                try buffer.appendSlice(try self.getRange(pos, len));

                delim = ".";

                pos += len;
            }
        }

        if (!jumped) self.seek(1);

        return buffer.toOwnedSlice();
    }
};

test "BytePacketBuffer.read" {
    const testing = std.testing;
    var buf = BytePacketBuffer{};
    buf.buf[0] = 0x1;
    try testing.expectEqual(0x1, try buf.reader().readInt(u8, .big));
}

test "BytePacketBuffer.read_u16" {
    const testing = std.testing;
    var buf = BytePacketBuffer{};
    buf.buf[0] = 0x1;
    buf.buf[1] = 0x1;
    try testing.expectEqual(0x101, try buf.reader().readInt(u16, .big));
}

test "BytePacketBuffer.read_u32" {
    const testing = std.testing;
    var buf = BytePacketBuffer{};
    buf.buf[0] = 0x1;
    buf.buf[1] = 0x1;
    buf.buf[2] = 0x1;
    buf.buf[3] = 0x1;
    try testing.expectEqual(0x1010101, try buf.reader().readInt(u32, .big));
}

test "BytePacketBuffer.read last byte" {
    const testing = std.testing;
    var buf = BytePacketBuffer{};
    buf.buf[buf.buf.len - 1] = 0x1;
    buf.pos = buf.buf.len - 1;
    try testing.expectEqual(0x1, try buf.reader().readInt(u8, .big));
    try testing.expectError(
        BytePacketBuffer.ReadError.EndOfBuffer,
        buf.reader().readInt(u8, .big),
    );
}

test "BytePacketBuffer.read_qname google.com" {
    const testing = std.testing;
    const allocator = testing.allocator;

    const input = [_]u8{
        0x06, // [6]
        0x67, //  g
        0x6f, //  o
        0x6f, //  o
        0x67, //  g
        0x6c, //  l
        0x65, //  e
        0x03, // [3]
        0x63, //  c
        0x6f, //  o
        0x6d, //  m
        0x00, // [0]
    };
    const expected = "google.com";

    var buf = BytePacketBuffer{};
    for (input, 0..) |char, idx| {
        buf.buf[idx] = char;
    }

    const outstr = try allocator.alloc(u8, expected.len);
    defer allocator.free(outstr);

    try buf.readQname(outstr);

    try testing.expectEqualStrings(expected, outstr);
}

test "BytePacketBuffer.read_qname_alloc google.com" {
    const testing = std.testing;
    const allocator = testing.allocator;

    const input = [_]u8{
        0x06, // [6]
        0x67, //  g
        0x6f, //  o
        0x6f, //  o
        0x67, //  g
        0x6c, //  l
        0x65, //  e
        0x03, // [3]
        0x63, //  c
        0x6f, //  o
        0x6d, //  m
        0x00, // [0]
    };
    const expected = "google.com";

    var buf = BytePacketBuffer{};
    for (input, 0..) |char, idx| {
        buf.buf[idx] = char;
    }

    const outstr = try buf.readQnameAlloc(allocator);
    defer allocator.free(outstr);

    try testing.expectEqualStrings(expected, outstr);
}

pub const DnsHeader = packed struct {
    id: u16 = 0,

    recursion_desired: bool = false,
    truncated_message: bool = false,
    authoritative_answer: bool = false,
    opcode: u4 = 0,
    response: bool = false,

    rescode: enum(u4) {
        noerror = 0,
        formerr = 1,
        servfail = 2,
        nxdomain = 3,
        notimp = 4,
        refused = 5,
    } = .noerror,
    checking_disabled: bool = false,
    authed_data: bool = false,
    z: bool = false,
    recursion_available: bool = false,

    questions: u16 = 0,
    answers: u16 = 0,
    authoritative_entries: u16 = 0,
    resource_entries: u16 = 0,
};

pub const QueryType = enum(u16) {
    a = 1,
    unknown,
};

pub const DnsQuestion = struct {
    name: []const u8,
    qtype: QueryType,

    pub fn read(self: *DnsQuestion, buffer: *BytePacketBuffer, alloc: std.mem.Allocator) !void {
        self.name = try buffer.readQnameAlloc(alloc);
        self.qtype = @enumFromInt(try buffer.reader().readInt(u16, .big));
        _ = try buffer.reader().readInt(u16, .big); // class
    }
};

// TODO: add DnsQuestion.read test

pub const DnsRecord = union(QueryType) {
    unknown: struct {
        domain: []const u8,
        qtype: u16,
        data_len: u16,
        ttl: u32,
    },
    a: struct {
        domain: []const u8,
        addr: net.Ip4Address,
        ttl: u32,
    },
};