-- A general architecture for free-wheeling, live programs:
--  on startup:
--    scan both the app directory and the save directory for files with numeric prefixes
--    load files in order
--
--  then start drawing frames on screen and reacting to events
--
--  events from keyboard and mouse are handled as the app desires
--
--  on incoming messages to a specific file, the app must:
--    determine the definition name from the first word
--    execute the value, returning any errors
--    look up the filename for the definition or define a new filename for it
--    save the message's value to the filename
--
--  if a game encounters a run-time error, send it to the driver and await
--  further instructions. The app will go unresponsive in the meantime, that
--  is expected. To shut it down cleanly, type C-q in the driver.

-- We try to save new definitions in the source directory, but this is not
-- possible if the app lives in a .love file. In that case new definitions
-- go in the save dir.

local json = require 'json'
local Major_version, _ = love.getVersion()
Major_version = tonumber(Major_version)
if Major_version < 12 then
  local nativefs = require 'nativefs'
else
  love.filesystem.mountFullPath(love.filesystem.getSource()..'/defs', 'mnt', 'readwrite')
end

-- namespace for these functions
local live = {}
local I = {}
live.internal = I

-- state for these functions
local Live = {}

-- a namespace of frameworky callbacks
-- these will be modified live
on = {}

-- === on startup, load all files with numeric prefix

function live.load()
  if Live.frozen_definitions == nil then  -- a second run due to initialization errors will contain definitions we don't want to freeze
    live.freeze_all_existing_definitions()
  end

  -- some hysteresis
  Live.previous_read = 0

  -- version control
  Live.filenames_to_load = {}  -- filenames in order of numeric prefix
  Live.filename = {}  -- map from definition name to filename (including numeric prefix)
  Live.final_prefix = 0
  live.load_files_so_far()
end

function live.load_files_so_far()
  for _,filename in ipairs(love.filesystem.getDirectoryItems('defs')) do
    local numeric_prefix, root = filename:match('^(%d+)-(.+)')
    if numeric_prefix and tonumber(numeric_prefix) > 0 then  -- skip 0000
      Live.filename[root] = filename
      table.insert(Live.filenames_to_load, filename)
      Live.final_prefix = math.max(Live.final_prefix, tonumber(numeric_prefix))
    end
  end
  table.sort(Live.filenames_to_load)
  -- load files from save dir
  for _,filename in ipairs(Live.filenames_to_load) do
--?     print('loading', filename)
    local buf = love.filesystem.read('defs/'..filename)
    assert(buf and buf ~= '')
    local _, definition_name = filename:match('^(%d+)-(.+)')
    local status, err = live.eval(buf, definition_name)
    if not status then
      error(err)
    end
  end
end


local APP = 'fw_app'

-- === on each frame, check for messages and alter the app as needed

function live.update(dt)
  if Current_time - Live.previous_read > 0.1 then
    local buf = live.receive_from_driver()
    if buf then
      local possibly_mutated = live.run(buf)
      if possibly_mutated then
        if on.code_change then on.code_change() end
      end
    end
    Live.previous_read = Current_time
  end
end

-- look for a message from outside, and return nil if there's nothing
function live.receive_from_driver()
  local f = io.open(love.filesystem.getAppdataDirectory()..'/_love_akkartik_driver_app')
  if f == nil then return nil end
  local result = f:read('*a')
  f:close()
  if result == '' then return nil end  -- empty file == no message
  print('<=' .. I.color_escape(--[[bold]]1, --[[blue]]4))
  print(result)
  print(I.reset_terminal())
  os.remove(love.filesystem.getAppdataDirectory()..'/_love_akkartik_driver_app')
  return result
end

function live.send_to_driver(msg)
  local f = io.open(love.filesystem.getAppdataDirectory()..'/_love_akkartik_app_driver', 'w')
  if f == nil then return end
  f:write(msg)
  f:close()
  print('=>' .. I.color_escape(0, --[[green]]2))
  print(msg)
  print(I.reset_terminal())
end

function live.send_run_time_error_to_driver(msg)
  local f = io.open(love.filesystem.getAppdataDirectory()..'/_love_akkartik_app_driver_run_time_error', 'w')
  if f == nil then return end
  f:write(msg)
  f:close()
  print('=>' .. I.color_escape(0, --[[red]]1))
  print(msg)
  print(I.reset_terminal())
end

-- args:
--   format: 0 for normal, 1 for bold
--   color: 0-15
function I.color_escape(format, color)
  return ('\027[%d;%dm'):format(format, 30+color)
end

function I.reset_terminal()
  return '\027[m'
end

-- returns true if we might have mutated the app, by either creating or deleting a definition
function live.run(buf)
  local cmd = live.get_cmd_from_buffer(buf)
  assert(cmd)
  print('command is '..cmd)
  if cmd == 'QUIT' then
    love.event.quit(1)
  elseif cmd == 'RESTART' then
    restart()
  elseif cmd == 'MANIFEST' then
    Live.filename[APP] = love.filesystem.getIdentity()
    live.send_to_driver(json.encode(Live.filename))
  elseif cmd == 'DELETE' then
    local definition_name = buf:match('^%s*%S+%s+(%S+)')
    if Live.frozen_definitions[definition_name] then
      live.send_to_driver('ERROR definition '..definition_name..' is part of Freewheeling infrastructure and cannot be deleted.')
      return
    end
    if Live.filename[definition_name] then
      local index = table.find(Live.filenames_to_load, Live.filename[definition_name])
      table.remove(Live.filenames_to_load, index)
      live.eval(definition_name..' = nil', 'driver')  -- ignore errors which will likely be from keywords like `function = nil`
      -- try to remove the file from both source_dir and save_dir
      -- this won't work for files inside .love files
      if Major_version < 12 then
        nativefs.remove(love.filesystem.getSource()..'/defs/'..Live.filename[definition_name])
      else
        love.filesystem.remove('mnt/'..Live.filename[definition_name])  -- source dir
      end
      love.filesystem.remove('defs/'..Live.filename[definition_name])  -- save dir
      Live.filename[definition_name] = nil
    end
    live.send_to_driver('{}')
    return true
  elseif cmd == 'GET' then
    local definition_name = buf:match('^%s*%S+%s+(%S+)')
    local val, _ = live.get_binding(definition_name)
    if val then
      live.send_to_driver(val)
    else
      live.send_to_driver('ERROR no such value')
    end
  elseif cmd == 'GET*' then
    -- batch version of GET
    local result = {}
    for definition_name in buf:gmatch('%s+(%S+)') do
      print(definition_name)
      local val, _ = live.get_binding(definition_name)
      if val then
        table.insert(result, val)
      end
    end
    local delimiter = '\n==fw: definition boundary==\n'
    live.send_to_driver(table.concat(result, delimiter)..delimiter)  -- send a final delimiter to simplify the driver's task
  elseif cmd == 'DEFAULT_MAP' then
    local contents = love.filesystem.read('default_map')
    if contents == nil then contents = '{}' end
    live.send_to_driver(contents)
  -- other commands go here
  else
    local definition_name = live.get_definition_name_from_buffer(buf)
    if definition_name == nil then
      -- contents are all Lua comments; we don't currently have a plan for them
      live.send_to_driver('ERROR empty definition')
      return
    end
    print('definition name is '..definition_name)
    if Live.frozen_definitions[definition_name] then
      live.send_to_driver('ERROR definition '..definition_name..' is part of Freewheeling infrastructure and cannot be safely edited live.')
      return
    end
    local status, err = live.eval(buf, definition_name)
    if not status then
      -- throw an error
      live.send_to_driver('ERROR ' .. I.cleaned_up_frame(tostring(err)))
      return
    end
    -- eval succeeded without errors; persist the definition
    local filename = Live.filename[definition_name]
    if filename == nil then
      Live.final_prefix = Live.final_prefix+1
      filename = ('%04d-%s'):format(Live.final_prefix, definition_name)
      table.insert(Live.filenames_to_load, filename)
      Live.filename[definition_name] = filename
    end
    -- try to write to source dir
    local status, err
    if Major_version < 12 then
      status, err = nativefs.write(love.filesystem.getSource()..'/defs/'..filename, buf)
    else
      status, err = love.filesystem.write('mnt/'..filename, buf)
    end
    if err then
      -- not possible; perhaps it's a .love file
      -- try to write to save dir
      local success = love.filesystem.createDirectory('defs/')
      local status, err2 = love.filesystem.write('defs/'..filename, buf)
      if err2 then
        -- throw an error
        live.send_to_driver('ERROR '..tostring(err..'\n\n'..err2))
        return true
      end
    end
    -- no support for tests
    live.send_to_driver('{}')
    return true
  end
end

function live.get_cmd_from_buffer(buf)
  -- return the first word
  return buf:match('^%s*(%S+)')
end

function live.get_definition_name_from_buffer(buf)
  return I.first_noncomment_word(buf)
end

-- return the first word (separated by whitespace) that's not in a Lua comment
-- or empty string if there's nothing
-- ignore strings; we don't expect them to be the first word in a program
function I.first_noncomment_word(str)
  local pos = 1
  while pos <= #str do  -- not Unicode-aware; hopefully it doesn't need to be
    if str:sub(pos,pos) == '-' then
      -- skip any comments
      if str:sub(pos+1,pos+1) == '-' then
        -- definitely start of a comment
        local long_comment_header = str:match('^%[=*%[', pos+2)
        if long_comment_header then
          -- long comment
          local long_comment_trailer = long_comment_header:gsub('%[', ']')
          pos = str:find(long_comment_trailer, pos, --[[plain]]true)
          if pos == nil then return '' end  -- incomplete comment; no first word
          pos = pos + #long_comment_trailer
        else
          -- line comment
          pos = str:find('\n', pos)
          if pos == nil then return '' end  -- incomplete comment; no first word
        end
      end
    end
    -- any non-whitespace that's not a comment is the first word
    if str:sub(pos,pos):match('%s') then
      pos = pos+1
    else
      return str:match('^%S*', pos)
    end
  end
  return ''
end

-- TODO: currently never runs
function I.test_first_noncomment_word()
  check_eq(I.first_noncomment_word(''), '', 'empty string')
  check_eq(I.first_noncomment_word('abc'), 'abc', 'single word')
  check_eq(I.first_noncomment_word('abc def'), 'abc', 'stop at space')
  check_eq(I.first_noncomment_word('abc\tdef'), 'abc', 'stop at tab')
  check_eq(I.first_noncomment_word('abc\ndef'), 'abc', 'stop at newline')
  check_eq(I.first_noncomment_word('-- abc\ndef'), 'def', 'ignore line comment')
  check_eq(I.first_noncomment_word('--[[abc]] def'), 'def', 'ignore block comment')
  check_eq(I.first_noncomment_word('--[[abc\n]] def'), 'def', 'ignore multi-line block comment')
  check_eq(I.first_noncomment_word('--[[abc\n--]] def'), 'def', 'ignore comment leader before block comment trailer')
  check_eq(I.first_noncomment_word('--[=[abc]=] def'), 'def', 'ignore long comment')
  check_eq(I.first_noncomment_word('--[=[abc]] def ]=] ghi'), 'ghi', 'ignore long comment containing block comment trailer')
  check_eq(I.first_noncomment_word('--[===[abc\n\ndef ghi\njkl]===]mno\npqr'), 'mno', 'ignore long comment containing block comment trailer')
  check_eq(I.first_noncomment_word('-'), '-', 'incomplete comment token')
  check_eq(I.first_noncomment_word('--abc'), '', 'incomplete line comment')
  check_eq(I.first_noncomment_word('--abc\n'), '', 'just a line comment')
  check_eq(I.first_noncomment_word('--abc\n  '), '', 'just a line comment 2')
  check_eq(I.first_noncomment_word('--[ab\n'), '', 'incomplete block comment token is a line comment')
  check_eq(I.first_noncomment_word('--[[ab'), '', 'incomplete block comment')
  check_eq(I.first_noncomment_word('--[[ab\n]'), '', 'incomplete block comment 2')
  check_eq(I.first_noncomment_word('--[=[ab\n]] ]='), '', 'incomplete block comment 3')
  check_eq(I.first_noncomment_word('--[=[ab\n]] ]=]'), '', 'just a block comment')
  check_eq(I.first_noncomment_word('--[=[ab\n]] ]=]  \n  \n '), '', 'just a block comment 2')
end

function live.get_binding(name)
  if Live.filename[name] then
    return love.filesystem.read('defs/'..Live.filename[name])
  end
end

function table.find(h, x)
  for k,v in pairs(h) do
    if v == x then
      return k
    end
  end
end

-- Wrapper for Lua's weird evaluation model.
-- Lua is persnickety about expressions vs statements, so we need to do some
-- extra work to get the result of an evaluation.
-- filename will show up in call stacks for any error messages
-- return values:
--  all well -> true, ...
--  load failed -> nil, error message
--  run (pcall) failed -> false, error message
function live.eval(buf, filename)
  -- We assume a program is either correct with 'return' prefixed xor not.
  -- Is this correct? Who knows! But the Lua REPL does this as well.
  local f = load('return '..buf, filename or 'REPL')
  if f then
    return pcall(f)
  end
  local f, err = load(buf, filename or 'REPL')
  if f then
    return pcall(f)
  else
    return nil, err
  end
end

-- === infrastructure for performing safety checks on any new definition

-- Everything that exists before we start loading the live files is frozen and
-- can't be edited live.
function live.freeze_all_existing_definitions()
  Live.frozen_definitions = {on=true}  -- special case for version 1
  local done = {}
  done[Live.frozen_definitions]=true
  live.freeze_all_existing_definitions_in(_G, {}, done)
end

function live.freeze_all_existing_definitions_in(tab, scopes, done)
  -- track duplicates to avoid cycles like _G._G, _G._G._G, etc.
  if done[tab] then return end
  done[tab] = true
  for name,binding in pairs(tab) do
    local full_name = live.full_name(scopes, name)
--?     print(full_name)
    Live.frozen_definitions[full_name] = true
    if type(binding) == 'table' and full_name ~= 'package' then  -- var 'package' contains copies of all modules, but not the best name; rely on people to not modify package.loaded.io.open, etc.
      table.insert(scopes, name)
      live.freeze_all_existing_definitions_in(binding, scopes, done)
      table.remove(scopes)
    end
  end
end

function live.full_name(scopes, name)
  local ns = table.concat(scopes, '.')
  if #ns == 0 then return name end
  return ns..'.'..name
end

-- === on error, pause the app and wait for messages

local main_run_frame = nil

-- one iteration of the event loop when showing an error
-- return nil to continue the event loop, non-nil to quit
-- We don't run this within handle_error because a second error in
-- handle_error will crash.
local error_frame_keys_down = {}
function error_run_frame()
  if love.event then
    love.event.pump()
    for name, a,b,c,d,e,f in love.event.poll() do
      if name == 'quit' then
        return a or 0
      elseif name == 'keypressed' then
        error_frame_keys_down[a] = true
        -- C-c
        if a == 'c' and (error_frame_keys_down.lctrl or error_frame_keys_down.rctrl) then
          love.system.setClipboardText(Error_message)
        end
      elseif name == 'keyreleased' then
        if not Disallow_error_recovery_on_key_release then
          error_frame_keys_down[a] = nil
          run_frame = main_run_frame
          return
        end
      end
    end
  end

  local dt = love.timer.step()
  Current_time = Current_time + dt
  if Current_time - Live.previous_read > 0.1 then
    local buf = live.receive_from_driver()
    if buf then
      local maybe_modified = live.run(buf)
      if maybe_modified then
        -- retry
        run_frame = main_run_frame
        return
      end
    end
    Live.previous_read = Current_time
  end

  love.graphics.origin()
  love.graphics.clear(0,0,1)
    love.graphics.setColor(1,1,1)
    love.graphics.printf(Error_message, 40,40, 600)
  love.graphics.present()

  love.timer.sleep(0.001)

  -- returning nil continues the loop
end

-- return nil to continue the event loop, non-nil to quit
function live.handle_error(err)
  love.graphics.setCanvas()  -- undo any canvas we happened to be within, otherwise LÖVE seizes up
  local cleaned_up_error = err
  if not err:match('stack overflow') then
    local callstack = debug.traceback('', --[[stack frame]]2)
    cleaned_up_error = 'Error: ' .. I.cleaned_up_frame(tostring(err)) .. '\n'
        .. I.cleaned_up_callstack(callstack)
  else
    -- call only primitive functions when we're out of stack space
  end
  live.send_run_time_error_to_driver(cleaned_up_error)
  love.graphics.setFont(love.graphics.newFont(20))
  Error_message = 'Something is wrong. Sorry!\n\n'..cleaned_up_error..'\n\n'..
    'Options:\n'..
    '- press "ctrl+c" (without the quotes) to copy this message to your clipboard to send to me: ak@akkartik.com\n'..
    '- press any other key to retry, see if things start working again\n'..
    '- run driver.love to try to fix it yourself. As you do, feel free to ask me questions: ak@akkartik.com\n'
  Error_count = Error_count+1
  if Error_count > 1 then
    Error_message = Error_message..('\n\nThis is error #%d in this session; things will probably not improve in this session. Please copy the message and send it to me: ak@akkartik.com.'):format(Error_count)
  end
  print(Error_message)
  love.graphics.setCanvas()  -- can't pump event loop while drawing to a canvas
  error_frame_keys_down = {}
  if main_run_frame == nil then
    main_run_frame = run_frame
  end
  run_frame = error_run_frame
end

-- one iteration of the event loop when showing an error
-- return nil to continue the event loop, non-nil to quit
-- We don't run this within handle_error because a second error in
-- handle_error will crash.
function initialization_error_run_frame()
  if love.event then
    love.event.pump()
    for name, a,b,c,d,e,f in love.event.poll() do
      if name == 'quit' then
        return a or 0
      elseif name == 'keypressed' then
        error_frame_keys_down[a] = true
        -- C-c
        if a == 'c' and (error_frame_keys_down.lctrl or error_frame_keys_down.rctrl) then
          love.system.setClipboardText(Error_message)
        end
      elseif name == 'keyreleased' then
        -- don't try to recover from initialization errors
        error_frame_keys_down[a] = nil
      end
    end
  end

  local dt = love.timer.step()
  Current_time = Current_time + dt
  if Current_time - Live.previous_read > 0.1 then
    local buf = live.receive_from_driver()
    if buf then
      local maybe_modified = live.run(buf)
      if maybe_modified then
        -- retry after initialization
        local success = xpcall(function() love.load(love.arg.parseGameArguments(arg), arg) end, live.handle_initialization_error)
        if success then
          run_frame = main_run_frame
          return
        end
      end
    end
    Live.previous_read = Current_time
  end

  love.graphics.origin()
  love.graphics.clear(0,0,1)
    love.graphics.setColor(1,1,1)
    love.graphics.printf(Error_message, 40,40, 600)
  love.graphics.present()

  love.timer.sleep(0.001)

  -- returning nil continues the loop
end

function live.handle_initialization_error(err)
  local cleaned_up_error = err
  if not err:match('stack overflow') then
    local callstack = debug.traceback('', --[[stack frame]]2)
    cleaned_up_error = 'Error: ' .. I.cleaned_up_frame(tostring(err)) .. '\n'
        .. I.cleaned_up_callstack(callstack)
  else
    -- call only primitive functions when we're out of stack space
  end
  live.send_run_time_error_to_driver(cleaned_up_error)
  love.graphics.setFont(love.graphics.newFont(20))
  Error_message = 'Something is wrong. Sorry!\n\n'..cleaned_up_error..'\n\n'..
    'Options:\n'..
    '- press "ctrl+c" (without the quotes) to copy this message to your clipboard to send to me: ak@akkartik.com\n'..
    '- run driver.love to try to fix it yourself. As you do, feel free to ask me questions: ak@akkartik.com\n'
  Error_count = Error_count+1
  if Error_count > 1 then
    Error_message = Error_message..('\n\nThis is error #%d in this session; things will probably not improve in this session. Please copy the message and send it to me: ak@akkartik.com.'):format(Error_count)
  end
  print(Error_message)
  love.graphics.setCanvas()  -- can't pump event loop while drawing to a canvas
  error_frame_keys_down = {}
  if main_run_frame == nil then
    main_run_frame = run_frame
  end
  run_frame = initialization_error_run_frame
end

-- I tend to read code from files myself (say using love.filesystem calls)
-- rather than offload that to load().
-- Functions compiled in this manner have ugly filenames of the form [string "filename"]
-- This function cleans out this cruft from error callstacks.
-- It also strips out the numeric prefixes we introduce in filenames.
function I.cleaned_up_callstack(callstack)
  local frames = {}
  for frame in string.gmatch(callstack, '[^\n]+\n*') do
    table.insert(frames, I.cleaned_up_frame(frame))
  end
  -- the initial "stack traceback:" line was unindented and remains so
  return table.concat(frames, '\n\t')
end

function I.cleaned_up_frame(frame)
  local line = frame:gsub('^%s*(.-)\n?$', '%1')
  local filename, rest = line:match('([^:]*):(.*)')
  if filename then
    return I.cleaned_up_filename(filename)..':'..rest
  else
    return line
  end
end

function I.cleaned_up_filename(filename)
  -- pass through frames that don't match this format
  -- this includes the initial line "stack traceback:"
  local core_filename = filename:match('^%[string "(.*)"%]$')
  if core_filename == nil then return filename end
  -- strip out the numeric prefixes we introduce in filenames
  local _, core_filename2 = core_filename:match('^(%d+)-(.+)')
  return core_filename2 or core_filename
end

return live